Method and system for selenium-rich zinc-containing rice production based on zinc-selenium balance

Abstract

The application discloses a zinc and selenium balance-based selenium-rich zinc-containing rice production method and system, relates to the field of agriculture, and comprises the following steps: obtaining a target field plot soil planting index; dividing the target field plot into different types of regions according to the soil planting index, wherein the regions are divided into double-deficiency regions, zinc-sufficient selenium-deficiency regions, selenium-sufficient zinc-deficiency regions and double-sufficient regions; inputting the soil planting index into corresponding decision models for different region types, generating optimal fertilization schemes, and performing fertilization treatment according to the optimal fertilization schemes; and the application has the advantage of improving the appropriate absorption of selenium and zinc in rice.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of functional agriculture and precision fertilization, and in particular to a method and system for producing selenium-enriched zinc-containing rice based on zinc-selenium balance. Background Technology

[0002] Zinc and selenium are essential trace elements for the human body, and their accumulation in rice directly affects the nutritional quality and health benefits of rice. With the increasing demand for health foods, functional agricultural products such as those enriched with selenium and zinc have broad market prospects.

[0003] However, in the practice of increasing the selenium and zinc content in rice grains, existing technologies suffer from strong fertilization bias, lacking precision and controllability; the interaction between zinc and selenium is not systematically considered, easily leading to element inhibition or waste; and the lack of a quantitative balanced fertilization decision-making model makes standardized promotion difficult, often facing the following technical bottlenecks: 1. Unstable element content: The accumulation of exogenously supplemented selenium and zinc in crops is affected by various factors such as soil conditions, fertilization time, and climate, resulting in large fluctuations in the content of target elements in the final product, making it difficult to consistently meet the prescribed standards.

[0004] 2. Low organic conversion rate: The conversion efficiency of inorganic selenium fertilizer in rice varies, which may result in a low proportion of organic selenium in the product, affecting its nutritional value and bioavailability.

[0005] 3. Antagonism and Risk of Excess: Micronutrients such as selenium and zinc have complex interactions with other macronutrients (such as nitrogen and phosphorus) and with each other. Improper fertilizer ratios or timing may not only reduce fertilizer efficiency and lead to low absorption efficiency of selenium and zinc, but may also cause antagonism between elements, or even cause crop toxicity or soil pollution due to excessive application.

[0006] 4. Neglecting soil background and balance: Many technologies focus on foliar fertilization, but pay insufficient attention to the soil's own zinc and selenium background values, available content, and physicochemical properties (such as pH value). Fertilization programs lack specificity and fail to form a comprehensive nutrient management system of "soil-crop".

[0007] Furthermore, the application of zinc and selenium fertilizers for rice relies heavily on experience, lacking precise consideration of soil background values ​​and regional variability. This can easily lead to uneven fertilization, element antagonism, low utilization rates, and unstable rice quality. In particular, zinc and selenium have an interactive effect; blindly applying them together may inhibit the absorption of one, making it difficult to achieve a synergistic and efficient increase in the zinc and selenium content of rice simultaneously.

[0008] There is an urgent need to provide a standardized technical method that can stably, efficiently, and safely produce rice that meets specific selenium and zinc content standards (e.g., rice: Se≥0.15mg / kg, Zn≥22.5mg / kg). Summary of the Invention

[0009] The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method and system for producing selenium-enriched zinc-containing rice based on zinc-selenium balance, so as to realize the local adaptation of rice planting, ensure the absorption of zinc and selenium, reduce production costs and ensure the safety of rice.

[0010] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a method for producing selenium-enriched and zinc-containing rice based on zinc-selenium balance. The method includes: obtaining soil planting indicators for a target field, including available zinc content, available selenium content, and soil pH; dividing the target field into different types of regions based on the soil planting indicators, wherein the regions are categorized as dual-deficient regions, zinc-sufficient and selenium-deficient regions, selenium-sufficient and zinc-deficient regions, and dual-sufficient regions; inputting the soil planting indicators into corresponding decision models for each type of region to generate an optimal fertilization plan, and applying fertilizer according to the optimal fertilization plan.

[0011] As an improvement to the above scheme, the different types of regional classification criteria include: Dual-deficient zone: effective zinc content < 80 mg / kg and effective selenium content < 0.2 mg / kg; Zinc-sufficient and selenium-deficient zone: effective zinc content ≥ 80 mg / kg and effective selenium content < 0.2 mg / kg; Selenium-sufficient and zinc-deficient zone: effective zinc content < 80 mg / kg and effective selenium content ≥ 0.2 mg / kg; Dual-sufficient zone: effective zinc content ≥ 80 mg / kg and effective selenium content ≥ 0.2 mg / kg.

[0012] As an improvement to the above scheme, the fertilization treatment includes applying base fertilizer and foliar spraying fertilizer. The base fertilizer includes zinc-selenium organic fertilizer and granular zinc, and the foliar spraying fertilizer includes foliar selenium fertilizer and foliar zinc fertilizer.

[0013] As an improvement to the above scheme, the foliar selenium fertilizer includes sodium selenite, an amino acid chelating agent, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; the foliar zinc fertilizer includes zinc sulfate, an amino acid chelating agent, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, wherein the amino acid chelating agent is glycine or citric acid; the application rate of the foliar selenium fertilizer is 3-5 g / (mu·time), 40-60 ml / (mu·time), and 80-100 g / (mu·time); the application rate of the foliar zinc fertilizer is 120-180 g / (mu·time), 40-60 ml / (mu·time), and 80-100 g / (mu·time).

[0014] As an improvement to the above scheme, the base fertilizer for the double-deficient areas includes 130-170 kg / mu of zinc-selenium organic fertilizer and 1-2 kg / mu of granular zinc; foliar zinc fertilizer is sprayed 2-3 times and foliar selenium fertilizer is sprayed 3-4 times for the double-deficient areas. The base fertilizer for the zinc-sufficient and selenium-deficient areas includes 130-170 kg / mu of zinc-selenium organic fertilizer; foliar zinc fertilizer is sprayed 2-3 times and foliar selenium fertilizer is sprayed 3-4 times for the zinc-sufficient and selenium-deficient areas. The base fertilizer for the selenium-sufficient and zinc-deficient areas includes 80-120 kg / mu of zinc-selenium organic fertilizer and 1-2 kg / mu of granular zinc; foliar zinc fertilizer is sprayed 2-3 times and foliar selenium fertilizer is sprayed 2-3 times for the selenium-sufficient and zinc-deficient areas. The base fertilizer for the double-deficient areas includes 80-120 kg / mu of zinc-selenium organic fertilizer; foliar zinc fertilizer is sprayed 2-3 times and foliar selenium fertilizer is sprayed 2-3 times for the double-deficient areas.

[0015] As an improvement to the above scheme, the calculation formula of the corresponding decision model includes:

[0016]

[0017] in, This represents the translocation coefficient of zinc from soil to rice, calibrated through field trials, with a value ranging from 0.05 to 0.15. The translocation coefficient of selenium from soil to rice is represented by a value ranging from 0.10 to 0.25, determined through field trials. This indicates the target zinc content in rice; This indicates the target selenium content in rice; This indicates the total amount of zinc that crops need to absorb from the soil; Y represents the total amount of selenium that crops need to absorb from the soil; Y is the target yield of rice.

[0018] As an improvement to the above scheme, the corresponding decision-making model further includes: when the target field is a double-deficient area, dynamically adjusting the application rate of zinc and selenium based on the soil's baseline supply; the formula for dynamically adjusting the application rate of zinc and selenium includes:

[0019]

[0020] in, Indicates the interaction correction coefficient for selenium; This represents the cross-correction factor for zinc; This indicates that zinc theoretically requires additional fertilizer application; Theoretically, this indicates that additional fertilizer application is needed to supplement selenium levels. This indicates the adjusted recommended application rate of zinc. This indicates the adjusted recommended application rate of selenium. The value range is from -0.2 to 0.2. The value range is from -0.2 to 0.2.

[0021] As an improvement to the above scheme, when pH < 5.5, =0.1, =0.15; when 5.5 ≤ pH ≤ 6.5, =0, =0; when pH>6.5, =-0.1, =-0.1.

[0022] As an improvement to the above scheme, the calculation steps for the soil background supply include: calculating the soil background supply according to the following formula:

[0023]

[0024]

[0025]

[0026] in, Indicates the available zinc content in the soil (mg / kg); Indicates the available selenium content in the soil; Indicates soil bulk density; Indicates the depth of the topsoil; This indicates the mineralization release coefficient of available zinc in the soil during the current season; This indicates the mineralization release coefficient of available selenium in the soil during the current season. This indicates that zinc theoretically requires additional fertilizer application; Theoretically, this indicates that additional fertilizer application is needed to supplement selenium levels. This indicates the total amount of zinc that crops need to absorb from the soil; This indicates the total amount of selenium that crops need to absorb from the soil; This indicates the soil's background supply of zinc. This indicates the soil's background supply of selenium. This indicates the utilization rate of zinc in the current quarter; This indicates the utilization rate of selenium in the current season.

[0027] Accordingly, the present invention also provides a selenium-enriched zinc-containing rice production system based on zinc-selenium balance, which includes: a soil data acquisition and storage module for acquiring and storing soil planting indicators; a zoning calculation module for dividing the soil into zones according to the available zinc and available selenium content; and an intelligent decision-making module, which has the zinc-selenium balance fertilization decision-making model built in it, for receiving zoning data and generating the optimal fertilization plan.

[0028] Implementing this invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention relates to a method and system for producing selenium-enriched and zinc-containing rice based on zinc-selenium balance. By acquiring soil planting indicators of the target field, and dividing the field into double-deficient areas, zinc-sufficient and selenium-deficient areas, selenium-sufficient and zinc-deficient areas, and double-sufficient areas according to the effective zinc and selenium content, the soil indicators are input into a decision model to generate the optimal fertilization plan for different area types. Through this optimal fertilization plan, the selenium and zinc content in rice is reasonably increased. Furthermore, this invention also solves the problems of blind fertilization and element antagonism in the prior art by applying base fertilizer (and foliar spraying), and realizes the compliance and standardization of the base fertilizer spraying process, and the efficient use of base fertilizer. Furthermore, soil conditioner application is also involved when soil pH is unsuitable. At the system level, automated management is achieved through soil data collection, zonal calculations, intelligent decision-making, and fertilization execution modules. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the present invention's method for producing selenium-enriched and zinc-containing rice based on zinc-selenium balance; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the selenium-enriched zinc-containing rice production system based on zinc-selenium balance of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is hereby declared that the directional terms such as up, down, left, right, front, back, inside, and outside used in this text are based solely on the accompanying drawings and are not intended to specifically limit the invention.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 The flowchart shown is a first embodiment of the method for producing selenium-enriched and zinc-containing rice based on zinc-selenium balance according to the present invention, which includes: S101. Obtain soil planting indicators for the target field; Before the planting season begins, soil samples from the 0-20cm topsoil layer are collected from the target fields using an "S"-shaped or checkerboard sampling method. After thorough mixing, approximately 1kg of the sample is sent for testing as a representative sample. Key indicators to be measured include: soil pH, available zinc (usually determined by DTPA extraction-atomic absorption spectrometry), and available selenium (usually determined by potassium dihydrogen phosphate extraction-atomic fluorescence spectrometry). If necessary, background levels of heavy metals such as cadmium and lead can be measured simultaneously to assess environmental risks.

[0032] Soil pretreatment should be carried out based on the test results: If the soil is acidic (pH value below 5.5), 50-100 kg of soil conditioner (such as silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer) can be applied per acre to adjust the soil pH value to a suitable range of 5.5-6.5, so as to improve the availability of selenium and zinc elements.

[0033] S102. Divide the target field into different types of areas according to the soil planting indicators; The regions are divided into dual-deficient areas, zinc-sufficient and selenium-deficient areas, selenium-sufficient and zinc-deficient areas, and dual-deficient areas. Specifically, the criteria for dividing the region include: Dual deficiency zone: available zinc content < 80 mg / kg, and available selenium content < 0.2 mg / kg; Zinc-sufficient and selenium-deficient areas: available zinc content ≥ 80 mg / kg, and available selenium content < 0.2 mg / kg; Selenium-sufficient and zinc-deficient areas: available zinc content < 80 mg / kg, and available selenium content ≥ 0.2 mg / kg; Bipedal area: available zinc content ≥80mg / kg and available selenium content ≥0.2mg / kg.

[0034] Furthermore, the elemental content classification in the soil is shown in the table below:

[0035] S103. For different regional types, the soil planting indicators are input into the corresponding decision model to generate the optimal fertilization plan, and fertilization is carried out according to the optimal fertilization plan.

[0036] The zoning results and corresponding soil baseline data (available zinc content and available selenium content) are input into the zinc-selenium balanced fertilization decision model. The core calculation formula of this model comprehensively considers parameters such as soil baseline supply, zinc / selenium uptake under the target rice yield, zinc / selenium fertilizer utilization rate, and zinc-selenium interaction coefficient. Through calculation, the model outputs the optimal zinc and selenium fertilizer application ratio for that zoning area, including recommended dosages for basal fertilizer and foliar fertilizer.

[0037] Specifically, the core calculation formula of the zinc-selenium balanced fertilization decision model is as follows:

[0038]

[0039] in: This represents the translocation coefficient of zinc from soil to rice, calibrated through field trials, with a value ranging from 0.05 to 0.15. The translocation coefficient of selenium from soil to rice is represented by a value ranging from 0.10 to 0.25, determined through field trials. This indicates the target zinc content in rice; This indicates the target selenium content in rice; This indicates the total amount of zinc that crops need to absorb from the soil; This indicates the total amount of selenium that crops need to absorb from the soil; Y represents the target yield of rice.

[0040] Furthermore, the model also introduces a zinc-selenium interaction correction coefficient γ. When both zinc and selenium need to be supplemented simultaneously (i.e., in areas of dual deficiency), the fertilizer application rate of zinc and selenium is dynamically adjusted based on the soil's baseline supply, soil pH, and the zinc-selenium ratio. when and hour,

[0041]

[0042] in: Indicates the interaction correction coefficient for selenium; This represents the cross-correction factor for zinc; This indicates that zinc theoretically requires additional fertilizer application; Theoretically, this indicates that additional fertilizer application is needed to supplement selenium levels. This indicates the adjusted recommended application rate of zinc. This indicates the adjusted recommended application rate of selenium.

[0043] It should be noted that, The value range is from -0.2 to 0.2. The value ranges from -0.2 to 0.2, and the specific value can be determined by referring to a table of pH values. When pH < 5.5, =0.1, =0.15; when 5.5 ≤ pH ≤ 6.5, =0, =0; when pH>6.5, =-0.1, =-0.1.

[0044] Furthermore, the calculation steps for the soil background supply include: Calculate the soil background supply using the following formula:

[0045]

[0046]

[0047]

[0048] in; Indicates the available zinc content in the soil (mg / kg); Indicates the available selenium content in the soil; Indicates soil bulk density; Indicates the depth of the topsoil; This indicates the mineralization release coefficient of available zinc in the soil during the current season; This indicates the mineralization release coefficient of available selenium in the soil during the current season. This indicates that zinc theoretically requires additional fertilizer application; Theoretically, this indicates that additional fertilizer application is needed to supplement selenium levels. This indicates the total amount of zinc that crops need to absorb from the soil; This indicates the total amount of selenium that crops need to absorb from the soil; This indicates the soil's background supply of zinc. This indicates the soil's background supply of selenium. This indicates the utilization rate of zinc in the current quarter; This indicates the utilization rate of selenium in the current season.

[0049] Among them, soil bulk density is usually taken as 1.2-1.4 g / cm³, topsoil depth is taken as 0.1-0.3 m, soil available zinc mineralization release coefficient in the current season is usually taken as 0.3-0.6 depending on the season, and soil available selenium mineralization release coefficient in the current season is usually taken as 0.4-0.7 depending on the season.

[0050] The zinc-selenium balanced fertilization decision model described above is a quantitative decision model independently constructed by this invention. Its core innovation lies in integrating the soil background supply, crop target absorption, fertilizer utilization rate, and zinc-selenium interaction into a quantifiable mathematical expression, thus realizing a technological leap from experience-based fertilization to precise quantitative fertilization.

[0051] Compared to existing general crop growth models such as DSSAT and APSIM, the self-constructed model of this invention has the following unique advantages: (1) Most existing models are general crop growth simulation tools, which require a lot of local parameter calibration, and the simulation modules for zinc and selenium trace elements are relatively weak, making it difficult to accurately reflect the unique soil chemical behavior and crop absorption patterns of zinc and selenium. (2) Existing models do not specifically model the interaction between zinc and selenium, and cannot quantify the mutual promoting or antagonistic effects when zinc and selenium are applied together. (3) Although existing machine learning models can fit complex relationships, they rely heavily on the accumulation of high-quality historical data, making them difficult to apply in new areas lacking data. Furthermore, their "black box" nature makes them difficult for agricultural technicians to understand and adjust.

[0052] The model developed in this invention is based on the migration and transformation mechanism of zinc and selenium in the soil-crop system. It directly calculates the baseline supply by measuring the available zinc and selenium content in the soil, and then inversely extrapolates the exogenous supplementation amount by combining the target yield and target content. Furthermore, it innovatively introduces a pH-dependent zinc-selenium interaction correction coefficient γ, enabling dynamic optimization of zinc and selenium application rates under different soil conditions. This model has a clear structure, well-defined physical meaning of its parameters, and is computationally simple. It can be widely applied in various regions without requiring extensive historical data, significantly lowering the barrier to technology implementation.

[0053] In addition, the fertilization treatment includes the application of base fertilizer and foliar spraying fertilizer. The base fertilizer includes zinc-selenium organic fertilizer and granular zinc. The foliar spraying fertilizer includes foliar selenium fertilizer and foliar zinc fertilizer. The foliar selenium fertilizer includes sodium selenite, amino acid chelating agent and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The foliar zinc fertilizer includes zinc sulfate, amino acid chelating agent and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, wherein the amino acid chelating agent is glycine or citric acid. It should be noted that foliar spraying has a better fertilization effect during the key growth stages of rice. The preferred foliar spraying periods are the peak tillering stage, the booting stage, and the early grain-filling stage. The foliar fertilizers include foliar selenium fertilizer and foliar zinc fertilizer. The foliar selenium fertilizer includes sodium selenite, amino acid chelating agent, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The foliar zinc fertilizer includes zinc sulfate, amino acid chelating agent, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The amino acid chelating agent is glycine or citric acid.

[0054] The application rate of the foliar selenium fertilizer is 3-5g / (mu·each time) of pure selenium, 40-60ml / (mu·each time) of amino acid chelating agent, and 80-100g / (mu·each time) of potassium dihydrogen phosphate; the application rate of the foliar zinc fertilizer is 120-180g / (mu·each time) of zinc sulfate, 40-60ml / (mu·each time) of amino acid chelating agent, and 80-100g / (mu·each time) of potassium dihydrogen phosphate; the spray volume per mu per application is 30-50 liters, and it should be carried out on a sunny, windless afternoon or a cloudy day to ensure even adhesion to both sides of the leaves; if it rains within 6 hours after spraying, re-spraying is required.

[0055] Furthermore, the application rate of the base fertilizer varies depending on the type of plot, as follows: For the areas with both zinc and selenium deficiency, the base fertilizer includes 130-170 kg / mu of zinc-selenium organic fertilizer and 1-2 kg / mu of granular zinc; foliar zinc fertilizer is sprayed 2-3 times, and foliar selenium fertilizer is sprayed 3-4 times. For the areas with sufficient zinc and selenium, the base fertilizer includes 130-170 kg / mu of zinc-selenium organic fertilizer; foliar zinc fertilizer is sprayed 2-3 times, and foliar selenium fertilizer is sprayed 3-4 times. Zinc fertilizer is sprayed 2-3 times, and foliar selenium fertilizer is sprayed 3-4 times. The base fertilizer for the selenium-sufficient and zinc-deficient areas includes 80-120 kg / mu of zinc-selenium organic fertilizer and 1-2 kg / mu of granular zinc. Foliar zinc fertilizer and foliar selenium fertilizer are sprayed 2-3 times for the selenium-sufficient and zinc-deficient areas. The base fertilizer for the two-legged areas includes 80-120 kg / mu of zinc-selenium organic fertilizer and foliar zinc fertilizer and foliar selenium fertilizer are sprayed 2-3 times for the two-legged areas.

[0056] In addition, to ensure optimal results, agronomic and nutrient management can be integrated, including but not limited to: water management, such as following the principle of "shallow water transplanting, thin water tillering, and intermittent irrigation," especially moderate field drying in the later tillering stage, to promote root development and enhance nutrient absorption capacity; while ensuring reasonable application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, appropriate application of phosphate fertilizer can promote root growth, but care should be taken to apply it separately from zinc fertilizer to prevent zinc phosphate precipitation and reduced zinc availability. The approach of "coordinated reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application" can be referenced to optimize the input of macronutrients while ensuring yield; utilizing the antagonistic effect of selenium and heavy metals (such as cadmium), this method helps to reduce the risk of cadmium and other heavy metal accumulation in rice while enriching beneficial elements.

[0057] like Figure 2 As shown, the present invention also provides a selenium- and zinc-enriched rice production system based on zinc-selenium balance, which includes: Soil data acquisition and storage module 1 is used to acquire and store soil planting indicators; The soil data acquisition and storage module 1 is the system's data foundation layer, responsible for the comprehensive acquisition and structured storage of soil planting indicators. Its specific functions extend beyond receiving manually submitted soil samples; it also supports in-situ rapid detection via portable soil sensors and IoT nodes, or interfaces with third-party laboratory data systems for automatic data entry. The module incorporates standardized data templates, mandating the entry of key indicators such as soil pH, available zinc content (mg / kg), and available selenium content (mg / kg), and can be expanded to record the geographical coordinates of sampling points, historical planting information, etc. All data, after verification, will be stored and managed in a structured format (such as database records), providing a unified and reliable data source for subsequent analysis and supporting historical data queries and trend analysis.

[0058] Zoning calculation module 2 is used to zonate soil based on available zinc and available selenium content; The zoning calculation module 2 is responsible for executing the refined zoning logic of the field. The module reads the available zinc and selenium content data of the soil from the storage module and calls preset grading thresholds (for example, the available zinc threshold X is typically 80-200 mg / kg, and the available selenium threshold Y is typically 0.2-0.4 mg / kg) as the judgment criteria. Its internal algorithm automatically classifies each sampling point or field grid according to four zoning rules: "double deficiency zone," "zinc-sufficient and selenium-deficient zone," "selenium-sufficient and zinc-deficient zone," and "double deficiency zone." The calculation results can generate a visual zoning map, clearly showing the distribution of areas with different nutrient statuses within the field, providing an intuitive spatial basis for differentiated fertilization management.

[0059] The intelligent decision-making module 3 has the zinc-selenium balanced fertilization decision-making model built in it, which is used to receive regional data and generate the optimal fertilization plan.

[0060] Furthermore, the selenium-enriched zinc-containing rice production system based on zinc-selenium balance also includes: a fertilization execution guidance module 4, used to output or execute the fertilization plan.

[0061] The fertilization execution guidance module 4 transforms the plans generated by the intelligent decision-making module into executable instructions. Its output includes: a detailed fertilization operation guide (specifying fertilizer dosage, application method, and timing for each area) and a variable-rate fertilization prescription diagram that can be read by intelligent agricultural machinery. In advanced application scenarios, this module can be directly integrated with the control systems of intelligent agricultural machinery such as variable-rate fertilizer applicators and drones to achieve automated and precise execution of fertilization plans. Simultaneously, this module can also record the actual situation of each fertilization operation, forming a management log for subsequent effect evaluation and plan optimization.

[0062] The specific applications of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments: Example 1 Example 1 uses a 400-mu demonstration base in Fenggang County, Guizhou Province as an example to illustrate the application effect of the present invention in "dual-deficient areas": (1) Soil diagnosis: The soil pH was measured to be 5.8, the available zinc content was 1.2 mg / kg, and the available selenium content was 0.08 mg / kg. Based on the threshold (X=80 mg / kg, Y=0.2 mg / kg), the field was identified as a "double deficiency area".

[0063] (2) Fertilization decision: The model applies fertilizer based on the characteristics of the “double deficiency zone”.

[0064] (3) Fertilization procedures: Base fertilizer: Before plowing, evenly spread 150 kg / mu of zinc-selenium organic fertilizer and 1.5 kg / mu of granular zinc per mu; Foliar spraying: During the tillering peak, booting stage, and early grain filling stage, spray zinc fertilizer 3 times per acre and selenium fertilizer 3 times per acre. The selenium fertilizer includes sodium selenite (containing 4 grams of pure selenium), commercial amino acid liquid fertilizer (50 ml), and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (100 g). The zinc fertilizer includes zinc sulfate heptahydrate (150 g), commercial amino acid liquid fertilizer (50 ml), and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (100 g). Dilute the selenium fertilizer and zinc fertilizer with 40 kg of water and spray evenly on the leaves.

[0065] Application results: After harvest, the rice was tested and found to have a stable selenium content of 0.18-0.25 mg / kg and a stable zinc content of 25-32 mg / kg, both exceeding the relevant national standards for selenium- and zinc-enriched rice. Furthermore, the average yield per mu (a Chinese unit of area, approximately 0.067 hectares) in this field increased by about 8% compared to the control field with conventional fertilization, and the cadmium content in the rice was below the national standard limit.

[0066] Example 2 Example 2 uses a 400-mu demonstration base in Fenggang County, Guizhou Province as an example to illustrate the application effect of the present invention in "dual-deficient areas": (1) Soil diagnosis: The soil pH was measured to be 5.8, the available zinc content was 1.2 mg / kg, and the available selenium content was 0.08 mg / kg. Based on the threshold (X=80 mg / kg, Y=0.2 mg / kg), the field was identified as a "double deficiency area".

[0067] (2) Fertilization decision: The model calculates the fertilization treatment based on the characteristics of the "double deficiency area" and performs the fertilization treatment.

[0068] (3) The calculation model for the double-deficient region is as follows: The application rate of zinc and selenium fertilizers is dynamically adjusted based on the soil's baseline supply, soil pH value, and zinc-selenium ratio.

[0069]

[0070] in: The value represents the translocation coefficient of zinc from soil to rice. It was calibrated through field trials and ranged from 0.05 to 0.15. Under this environment, the translocation efficiency of zinc to grain is relatively high, so 0.12 was taken. The translocation coefficient of selenium from soil to rice is calibrated through field trials, with a value ranging from 0.10 to 0.25. Under this environment, the translocation efficiency of selenium to grain is relatively high, so a value of 0.18 is taken. This indicates the target zinc content in rice, with the median value being 28.5. This represents the target selenium content in rice, with the median value being 0.215. This indicates the total amount of zinc that crops need to absorb from the soil; This indicates the total amount of selenium that crops need to absorb from the soil; Y represents the target yield of rice.

[0071]

[0072]

[0073]

[0074]

[0075] in; Indicates the available zinc content in the soil (mg / kg); Indicates the available selenium content in the soil; This indicates the soil bulk density. In this environment, the soil bulk density is taken as 1.3 g / cm³. This indicates the depth of the topsoil, taken as 0.2m. This represents the mineralization release coefficient of available zinc in the soil during the current season, taken as 0.45; This represents the mineralization release coefficient of available selenium in the soil during the current season, taken as 0.55; This indicates that zinc theoretically requires additional fertilizer application; Theoretically, this indicates that additional fertilizer application is needed to supplement selenium levels. This indicates the total amount of zinc that crops need to absorb from the soil; This indicates the total amount of selenium that crops need to absorb from the soil; This indicates the soil's background supply of zinc. This indicates the soil's background supply of selenium. This represents the utilization rate of zinc in the current season. In agricultural practice, it is common for the utilization rate of zinc fertilizer applied to the soil to be low, so we take 0.12 here. This represents the seasonal utilization rate of selenium. In agricultural practice, the utilization rate of selenium fertilizer applied to the soil is often low, so we take 0.15 here.

[0076] when and hour,

[0077]

[0078] in: This represents the interaction correction coefficient for selenium, preferably set to 0, meaning no correction is needed in the current environment; This represents the interactive correction coefficient for zinc, preferably set to 0, meaning no correction is needed in the current environment; This indicates that zinc theoretically requires additional fertilizer application; Theoretically, this indicates that additional fertilizer application is needed to supplement selenium levels. This indicates the adjusted recommended application rate of zinc. This indicates the adjusted recommended application rate of selenium.

[0079] Furthermore, after unit conversion, the recommended amount of zinc fertilizer is approximately 10.62 kg / mu, and the recommended amount of selenium fertilizer is 52.5 g / mu. Final fertilizer application rate: The theoretical net nutrient amount required to achieve crop absorption target is 10.62 kg Zn / mu and 52.5 g Se / mu calculated by the model.

[0080] The following fertilization plan, optimized for economic and agronomic feasibility, outlines specific agronomic measures to meet the theoretical requirements: Zinc-selenium organic fertilizer: 150 kg / mu; this fertilizer contains organic matter, 10 kg of zinc, 40 g of selenium, and other nutrients, with the zinc and selenium content being supplementary. Granular zinc fertilizer: 2 kg / mu, this is additional inorganic zinc fertilizer. Based on zinc sulfate heptahydrate (containing approximately 22.7% zinc), 2 kg of granular zinc provides approximately 0.45 kg of pure zinc. Foliar fertilizer: Foliar zinc fertilizer (zinc sulfate): 120-180 g / mu per application, 2-3 times. Assuming 3 applications of 150 g each, the total zinc sulfate usage is 450 g, providing approximately 0.102 kg of pure zinc. Foliar selenium fertilizer (based on pure selenium): 3-5 g / mu per application, 3-4 times. Assuming 4 applications of 4 g each, the total pure selenium usage is 16 g.

[0081] Application results: After harvest, the rice was tested and found to have a stable selenium content of 0.20-0.25 mg / kg and a stable zinc content of 26-32 mg / kg, both exceeding the relevant national standards for selenium- and zinc-enriched rice. Meanwhile, the average yield per mu (a Chinese unit of area, approximately 0.067 hectares) in this field increased by about 10% compared to the control field with conventional fertilization, and the cadmium content of the rice was below the national standard limit.

[0082] In summary, this invention achieves precision and standardization in the production of selenium- and zinc-rich rice by constructing a zoned balanced fertilization method based on soil zinc and selenium background values ​​and rice absorption characteristics. The method first acquires soil planting indicators through a system and scientifically divides fields into dual-deficient zones, zinc-sufficient and selenium-deficient zones, selenium-sufficient and zinc-deficient zones, and dual-sufficient zones according to specific thresholds for available zinc and selenium. Then, for different zone types, the soil indicators are input into a built-in decision model to generate an optimal fertilization plan combining basal fertilizer application and foliar spraying during key growth stages. Through this approach, the invention effectively solves problems such as blind fertilization, neglect of inter-element antagonistic effects, and unstable product quality in existing technologies. By using a zoned decision model and quantitative fertilization plan, the absorption efficiency of zinc and selenium and fertilizer utilization are significantly improved, ensuring a synergistic and stable increase in selenium and zinc content in rice.

[0083] Meanwhile, this method uses precise regulation based on soil background values, which not only avoids the waste and pollution risks caused by excessive fertilization, but also further ensures the yield and safety of rice through supporting agronomic management, providing reliable technical support for the standardized promotion of functional agriculture.

[0084] The above-disclosed embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Therefore, any equivalent variations made in accordance with the claims of the present invention are still within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for producing selenium-enriched zinc-containing rice based on zinc-selenium balance, characterized in that, include: Obtain soil planting indicators for the target field, including available zinc content, available selenium content, and soil pH value; Based on the soil planting indicators, the target fields are divided into different types of areas, including areas with both deficiencies, zinc-sufficient and selenium-deficient areas, selenium-sufficient and zinc-deficient areas, and areas with both deficiencies. For the different types of areas, the soil planting indicators are input into the corresponding decision model to generate the optimal fertilization plan, and fertilization is carried out according to the optimal fertilization plan.

2. The method for producing selenium-enriched zinc-containing rice based on zinc-selenium balance as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The different types of regional division criteria include: Dual deficiency zone: available zinc content < 80 mg / kg, and available selenium content < 0.2 mg / kg; Zinc-sufficient and selenium-deficient areas: available zinc content ≥ 80 mg / kg, and available selenium content < 0.2 mg / kg; Selenium-sufficient and zinc-deficient areas: available zinc content < 80 mg / kg, and available selenium content ≥ 0.2 mg / kg; Bipedal area: available zinc content ≥80mg / kg and available selenium content ≥0.2mg / kg.

3. The method for producing selenium-enriched zinc-containing rice based on zinc-selenium balance as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fertilization treatment includes the application of base fertilizer and foliar spraying fertilizer. The base fertilizer includes zinc-selenium organic fertilizer and granular zinc, and the foliar spraying fertilizer includes foliar selenium fertilizer and foliar zinc fertilizer.

4. The method for producing selenium-enriched zinc-containing rice based on zinc-selenium balance as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The foliar selenium fertilizer includes sodium selenite, an amino acid chelating agent, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; the foliar zinc fertilizer includes zinc sulfate, an amino acid chelating agent, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, wherein the amino acid chelating agent is glycine or citric acid. The application rate of the foliar selenium fertilizer is 3-5g / (mu·each time) of pure selenium, 40-60ml / (mu·each time) of amino acid chelating agent and 80-100g / (mu·each time) of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The application rate of the foliar zinc fertilizer is 120-180g / (mu·each time) of zinc sulfate, 40-60ml / (mu·each time) of amino acid chelating agent and 80-100g / (mu·each time) of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

5. The method for producing selenium-enriched zinc-containing rice based on zinc-selenium balance as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The base fertilizer used in the double-deficient areas includes 130-170 kg / mu of zinc-selenium organic fertilizer and 1-2 kg / mu of granular zinc; the foliar zinc fertilizer is sprayed 2-3 times and the foliar selenium fertilizer is sprayed 3-4 times in the double-deficient areas. The base fertilizer for the zinc-sufficient and selenium-deficient areas includes 130-170 kg / mu of zinc-selenium organic fertilizer; the foliar zinc fertilizer is sprayed 2-3 times and the foliar selenium fertilizer is sprayed 3-4 times for the zinc-sufficient and selenium-deficient areas. The base fertilizer for the selenium-sufficient and zinc-deficient areas includes 80-120 kg / mu of zinc-selenium organic fertilizer and 1-2 kg / mu of granular zinc; the foliar zinc fertilizer and foliar selenium fertilizer for the selenium-sufficient and zinc-deficient areas are sprayed 2-3 times. The base fertilizer used for the bipedal area includes 80-120 kg / mu of zinc-selenium organic fertilizer, and the foliar zinc fertilizer and selenium fertilizer are sprayed 2-3 times for the bipedal area.

6. The method for producing selenium-enriched zinc-containing rice based on zinc-selenium balance as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation formula for the corresponding decision model includes: in, This represents the translocation coefficient of zinc from soil to rice, calibrated through field trials, with a value ranging from 0.05 to 0.

15. The translocation coefficient of selenium from soil to rice is represented by a value ranging from 0.10 to 0.25, determined through field trials. This indicates the target zinc content in rice; This indicates the target selenium content in rice; This indicates the total amount of zinc that crops need to absorb from the soil; Y represents the total amount of selenium that crops need to absorb from the soil; Y is the target yield of rice.

7. The method for producing selenium-enriched zinc-containing rice based on zinc-selenium balance as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The corresponding decision model also includes: When the target field is a double-deficient area, the amount of zinc and selenium fertilizer applied is dynamically adjusted according to the soil background supply. The formula for dynamically adjusting the amount of zinc and selenium fertilizer includes: in, Indicates the interaction correction coefficient for selenium; This represents the cross-correction factor for zinc; This indicates that zinc theoretically requires additional fertilizer application; Theoretically, this indicates that additional fertilizer application is needed to supplement selenium levels. This indicates the adjusted recommended application rate of zinc. This indicates the adjusted recommended application rate of selenium. The value range is from -0.2 to 0.

2. The value range is from -0.2 to 0.

2.

8. The method for producing selenium-enriched zinc-containing rice based on zinc-selenium balance as described in claim 7, characterized in that, When pH < 5.5, =0.1, =0.15; When 5.5 ≤ pH ≤ 6.5, =0, =0; When pH > 6.5, =-0.1, =-0.

1.

9. The method for producing selenium-enriched zinc-containing rice based on zinc-selenium balance as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The calculation steps for the soil background supply include: Calculate the soil background supply using the following formula: in, This indicates the available zinc content in the soil (mg / kg). Indicates the available selenium content in the soil; Indicates soil bulk density; Indicates the depth of the topsoil; This indicates the mineralization release coefficient of available zinc in the soil during the current season; This indicates the mineralization release coefficient of available selenium in the soil during the current season. This indicates that zinc theoretically requires additional fertilizer application; Theoretically, this indicates that additional fertilizer application is needed to supplement selenium levels. This indicates the total amount of zinc that crops need to absorb from the soil; This indicates the total amount of selenium that crops need to absorb from the soil; Indicates the soil background supply of zinc; This indicates the soil's background supply of selenium. This indicates the utilization rate of zinc in the current quarter; This indicates the utilization rate of selenium in the current season.

10. A selenium- and zinc-enriched rice production system based on zinc-selenium balance, characterized in that, include: Soil data acquisition and storage module, used to acquire and store soil planting indicators; The zoning calculation module is used to zonate soil based on available zinc and available selenium content; The intelligent decision-making module has the zinc-selenium balanced fertilization decision-making model built in, which is used to receive regional data and generate the optimal fertilization plan.

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