A method for improving the alkali tolerance of grass carp by gradient stress treatment
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202610731132.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-05-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-18
AI Technical Summary
鳃作为鱼类的呼吸与渗透调节器官，在急性高碱环境中，鳃上皮细胞会发生坏死、脱落，导致呼吸功能障碍，同时体内离子平衡紊乱，Na+/K+-ATP酶等关键酶活性大幅波动，无法有效维持细胞内外的渗透压稳定
[0012]本发明提供了一种通过梯度胁迫处理提高草鱼耐碱能力的方法，包括如下步骤：（1）将草鱼转移至处理池的水体中，进行养殖；（2）在处理池的水中投加碱，逐步提高水中的碱浓度，直至目的浓度；（3）将草鱼转移至盐碱水域中进行常规养殖。本发明通过逐步调节养殖水体的碱度，让草鱼在养殖初期就逐步适应盐碱环境，从而大幅提高草鱼在盐碱水域的成活率与生长性能。这不仅能够有效开发利用广阔的盐碱水域资源，缓解淡水养殖资源紧张的压力，还能为草鱼养殖产业开辟新的发展空间，提升产业的整体效益与可持续发展能力。通过给予草鱼足够的生理适应时间，从器官生理到分子调控多个层面激发其自身的耐碱潜能，显著提高了草鱼对高碱度溶液的耐受能力。这一研究为草鱼的盐碱水域养殖提供了重要的理论依据与实践指导，也为其他耐盐碱水产养殖品种的开发与培育提供了有益的参考。
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of grass carp farming technology, and in particular to a method for improving the alkali tolerance of grass carp through gradient stress treatment. Background Technology
[0002] In aquaculture, grass carp is a globally commercially valuable farmed fish, and the water quality of its habitat directly impacts aquaculture efficiency and industry development. Alkaline stress, a key environmental factor restricting fish survival in saline-alkali waters, has always been a focus of attention for researchers and fish farmers. Previous studies have shown that when grass carp encounter acute alkaline stress—that is, when directly placed in a high-concentration alkaline solution—their survival faces severe challenges.
[0003] Acute alkaline stress is like a sudden "environmental storm," instantly disrupting the physiological balance of grass carp without any adaptation or buffer. Under this acute shock, vital organs such as the gills, liver, and kidneys of grass carp will rapidly suffer damage. As the respiratory and osmotic regulatory organs of fish, the gills undergo necrosis and shedding of gill epithelial cells in an acutely alkaline environment, leading to respiratory dysfunction. Simultaneously, the body's ion balance is disrupted, with sodium levels rising significantly. + / K + The activities of key enzymes such as ATPase fluctuate significantly, making it impossible to effectively maintain osmotic pressure stability inside and outside cells. As the detoxification and metabolic center, the liver will produce a large amount of oxidative stress response under acute alkaline stress. Although the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and acid phosphatase (ACP) may increase temporarily, they will quickly decrease due to excessive consumption. Liver cells will show lesions such as vacuolization and nuclear pyknosis, and the detoxification function will decline sharply. Toxic substances such as ammonia in the body cannot be metabolized and excreted in time, further aggravating the damage to the body.
[0004] Currently, the development and utilization of saline-alkali land and water areas has become a new research hotspot. Therefore, developing a treatment method that can effectively improve the alkali tolerance of grass carp is particularly important for grass carp farming in saline-alkali waters. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for improving the alkali tolerance of grass carp through gradient stress treatment. By giving grass carp sufficient physiological adaptation time, its own alkali tolerance potential is stimulated at multiple levels from organ physiology to molecular regulation, which significantly improves the grass carp's tolerance to high alkalinity solutions.
[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a method for improving the alkali tolerance of grass carp through gradient stress treatment, comprising the following steps: (1) Transfer grass carp to the water in the treatment pond for aquaculture; (2) Add alkali to the water in the treatment tank and gradually increase the alkali concentration in the water until the target concentration is reached; (3) Transfer grass carp to saline-alkali waters for conventional aquaculture.
[0007] Preferably, the water in the treatment tank in step (1) is aerated, and the initial alkali concentration of the water in the treatment tank is 0 mmol / L.
[0008] Preferably, the type of alkali mentioned in step (2) is sodium bicarbonate.
[0009] Preferably, the rate of increase of the alkali concentration in step (2) is 7~9 mmol / L / d.
[0010] Preferably, the target concentration of the alkali in step (2) is 40~50 mmol / L.
[0011] Preferably, the concentration of alkali in the saline-alkali water in step (3) is 40~50 mmol / L.
[0012] This invention provides a method for improving the alkali tolerance of grass carp through gradient stress treatment, comprising the following steps: (1) transferring grass carp to the water in the treatment pond for cultivation; (2) adding alkali to the water in the treatment pond, gradually increasing the alkali concentration in the water until the target concentration is reached; (3) transferring grass carp to saline-alkali water for conventional cultivation. This invention gradually adjusts the alkalinity of the cultivation water, allowing grass carp to gradually adapt to the saline-alkali environment in the early stages of cultivation, thereby significantly improving the survival rate and growth performance of grass carp in saline-alkali water. This not only effectively develops and utilizes the vast saline-alkali water resources, alleviating the pressure of freshwater aquaculture resource shortage, but also opens up new development space for the grass carp aquaculture industry, enhancing the overall efficiency and sustainable development capacity of the industry. By giving grass carp sufficient physiological adaptation time, its own alkali tolerance potential is stimulated at multiple levels from organ physiology to molecular regulation, significantly improving the grass carp's tolerance to high-alkalinity solutions. This research provides important theoretical basis and practical guidance for the cultivation of grass carp in saline-alkali waters, and also provides a useful reference for the development and breeding of other saline-alkali tolerant aquaculture species. Attached Figure Description
[0013] Figure 1 Mortality rates of grass carp in different treatment groups; Figure 2 The gill and blood ammonia levels of grass carp in different treatment groups; Figure 3 The gill morphology of grass carp in different treatment groups; Figure 4 Apoptosis in the gill tissues of grass carp in different treatment groups. Detailed Implementation
[0014] This invention provides a method for improving the alkali tolerance of grass carp through gradient stress treatment, comprising the following steps: (1) Transfer grass carp to the water in the treatment pond for aquaculture; (2) Add alkali to the water in the treatment tank and gradually increase the alkali concentration in the water until the target concentration is reached; (3) Transfer grass carp to saline-alkali waters for conventional aquaculture.
[0015] In this invention, the water in the treatment tank in step (1) is aerated, and the initial alkali concentration of the water in the treatment tank is preferably 0 mmol / L.
[0016] In this invention, the type of alkali in step (2) is preferably sodium bicarbonate.
[0017] In this invention, the rate of increase of alkali concentration in step (2) is preferably 7~9 mmol / L / d, and more preferably 8 mmol / L / d.
[0018] In this invention, the target concentration of the alkali in step (2) is preferably 40~50 mmol / L, and more preferably 45 mmol / L.
[0019] In this invention, the concentration of alkali in the saline-alkali water in step (3) is preferably 40~50 mmol / L, and more preferably 45 mmol / L.
[0020] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0021] Example 1
[0022] A method for improving the alkali tolerance of grass carp through gradient stress treatment includes the following steps: (1) Inject non-alkaline fresh water into the treatment pond, aerate it, and then transfer grass carp into the water of the treatment pond for aquaculture. (2) Add sodium bicarbonate to the water in the treatment tank and gradually increase the alkali concentration in the water at a rate of 8 mmol / L / d until the alkali concentration reaches 40 mmol / L; (3) Transfer grass carp to a saline-alkali water with an alkali concentration of 40 mmol / L for conventional aquaculture.
[0023] Example 2
[0024] A method for improving the alkali tolerance of grass carp through gradient stress treatment includes the following steps: (1) Inject non-alkaline fresh water into the treatment pond, aerate it, and then transfer grass carp into the water of the treatment pond for aquaculture. (2) Add sodium bicarbonate to the water in the treatment tank and gradually increase the alkali concentration in the water at a rate of 7 mmol / L / d until the alkali concentration reaches 49 mmol / L; (3) Transfer grass carp to a saline-alkali water with an alkali concentration of 49 mmol / L for conventional aquaculture.
[0025] Example 3
[0026] A method for improving the alkali tolerance of grass carp through gradient stress treatment includes the following steps: (1) Inject non-alkaline fresh water into the treatment pond, aerate it, and then transfer grass carp into the water of the treatment pond for aquaculture. (2) Add sodium bicarbonate to the water in the treatment tank and gradually increase the alkali concentration in the water at a rate of 9 mmol / L / d until the alkali concentration reaches 45 mmol / L; (3) Transfer grass carp to a saline-alkali water with an alkali concentration of 45 mmol / L for conventional aquaculture.
[0027] Test case
[0028] 120 grass carp with a length of 10±0.3g were selected and divided into two groups (three replicates per group), with 20 fish per replicate, named the acute treatment group and the gradient treatment group, respectively. The grass carp in the gradient treatment group were subjected to alkali stress treatment according to the protocol of Example 1. After the stress treatment, they were put into saline-alkali water with an alkali concentration of 40 mmol / L. The grass carp in the acute treatment group were not fed sodium bicarbonate in their rearing ponds, and the other rearing conditions and environment were the same as in Example 1. After the grass carp fry in the gradient treatment group were treated, the grass carp in the acute treatment group and the gradient treatment group were simultaneously put into two separate saline-alkali waters with an alkali concentration of 40 mmol / L.
[0029] Grass carp from both groups were placed in saline-alkali water and observed for 48 hours. Mortality rates for each group were recorded every 8 hours. The results are as follows: Figure 1 As shown (Note: Gill ammonia levels, blood ammonia levels, and the results below are from samples collected at 24 hours).
[0030] Grass carp from both groups were harvested 24 hours later. The gill and blood ammonia levels, gill morphology, and apoptosis in the gill tissue were measured in each group. The results are as follows: Figures 2-4 As shown.
[0031] Among them, by Figure 2 The results showed that the gill ammonia and blood ammonia levels were significantly lower in the gradient compared to the acute gill ammonia and blood ammonia levels. The experiment measured the ammonia levels in gill tissue and blood.
[0032] Figure 3 The results show that the gill morphology and epithelial cell integrity were better in the gradient compared to the acute stress.
[0033] Figure 4 The TUNEL assay was used to test the apoptosis of gill tissue. The results showed that acute alkali stress caused more apoptosis, and the relative amount of apoptosis decreased.
[0034] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides a method for improving the alkali tolerance of grass carp through gradient stress treatment, including the following steps: (1) transferring grass carp to the water in the treatment pond for cultivation; (2) adding alkali to the water in the treatment pond to gradually increase the alkali concentration in the water until the target concentration is reached; (3) transferring grass carp to saline-alkali water for conventional cultivation. The present invention gradually adjusts the alkalinity of the cultivation water, allowing grass carp to gradually adapt to the saline-alkali environment in the early stage of cultivation, thereby significantly improving the survival rate and growth performance of grass carp in saline-alkali water. This can not only effectively develop and utilize the vast saline-alkali water resources and alleviate the pressure of freshwater aquaculture resource shortage, but also open up new development space for the grass carp aquaculture industry and enhance the overall benefits and sustainable development capabilities of the industry. By giving grass carp sufficient physiological adaptation time, its own alkali tolerance potential is stimulated at multiple levels from organ physiology to molecular regulation, significantly improving the grass carp's tolerance to high alkalinity solutions. This research provides important theoretical basis and practical guidance for the cultivation of grass carp in saline-alkali water, and also provides a useful reference for the development and cultivation of other salt-alkali tolerant aquaculture species.
[0035] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for improving the alkali tolerance of grass carp through gradient stress treatment, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Transfer grass carp to the water in the treatment pond for aquaculture; (2) Add alkali to the water in the treatment tank and gradually increase the alkali concentration in the water until the target concentration is reached; (3) Transfer grass carp to saline-alkali waters for conventional aquaculture.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water in the treatment tank in step (1) is aerated, and the initial alkali concentration of the water in the treatment tank is 0 mmol / L.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The type of alkali mentioned in step (2) is sodium bicarbonate.
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rate of increase of the alkali concentration in step (2) is 7~9 mmol / L / d.
5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The target concentration of the alkali in step (2) is 40~50 mmol / L.
6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The concentration of alkali in the saline-alkali water area mentioned in step (3) is 40~50 mmol / L.