A multi-parameter perception magnetic control activated ruminant rumen monitoring capsule device

Abstract

This invention discloses a multi-parameter sensing magnetically activated rumen monitoring capsule device for ruminants, belonging to the field of livestock monitoring technology. Addressing the problems of existing rumen monitoring capsules—fixed power supply, inability to remotely control start / stop, limited parameter acquisition types, high energy consumption, and short battery life—this invention incorporates a magnetically triggered activation structure, a multi-parameter sensing module, a main control unit, a wireless communication module, and a power supply module. An external magnetic field remotely triggers a magnetically controlled switch to achieve controlled capsule startup. The multi-parameter sensing module simultaneously collects data on rumen pH, temperature, pressure, gas concentration, and movement posture. The main control unit preprocesses the data, which is then transmitted externally via the wireless communication module. This invention relies on an external magnetic field to achieve controllable switching between capsule dormancy and activation, reducing standby power consumption. It integrates multi-dimensional environmental and physiological parameter detection, providing comprehensive monitoring. The device can stably reside inside the rumen for extended periods, enabling real-time assessment of the digestive health of ruminants. It is suitable for large-scale farm animal health monitoring and refined breeding management, with broad application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of livestock and poultry physiological monitoring sensor technology, specifically relating to a capsule-type physiological data acquisition device implanted in the rumen of ruminants, integrating multi-gas, body temperature, and motion multi-dimensional data acquisition, magnetically controlled passive start-up, and ultra-low power edge computing. International classifications: A61B5 / 01, A61B5 / 00, G08C17 / 02. Background Technology

[0002] In the breeding of ruminants such as cattle and sheep, rumen temperature, pH, methane / carbon dioxide concentration, and ruminant activity frequency are the core indicators for judging rumen fermentation health, digestive tract diseases, heat stress, and milk production performance.

[0003] The closest existing technology is the ruminant physiological data collection capsule disclosed in CN113243895B, but its solution has the following inherent defects: 1. Limited data collection dimensions: It only integrates temperature and triaxial acceleration sensors, which cannot detect the core gases of rumen fermentation (CH4, CO2) and cannot determine the fermentation activity of rumen microorganisms. It can only make a rough health judgment based on body temperature and movement. The data dimensions are insufficient and the accuracy of aquaculture diagnosis is low. 2. Poor reliability of the starting method: The mechanical impact self-locking switch is prone to accidental triggering and power consumption during transportation and feeding due to bumps and squeezing; in addition, the mechanical switch is prone to jamming and corrosion due to long-term immersion in the acidic liquid of the rumen, and cannot be repeatedly started and stopped. After being scrapped, the power cannot be recovered. 3. Insufficient stability of the thermal conduction structure: Relying on single-point contact heat conduction with metal springs, the continuous rolling and friction of the animal rumen can easily cause spring displacement and contact failure, resulting in temperature acquisition drift; without an integrated heat conduction structure for buffering and shock absorption, long-term vibration can easily damage the PCB sensor pads. 4. Communication and computing power shortcomings: It only uses a single BLE Bluetooth communication and has no local edge computing chip. All raw data is uploaded to the cloud, resulting in large transmission volume and high power consumption. Data loss is severe when there is no relay in the long-distance ranch. The antenna is only a single LDS Bluetooth antenna, and the small capsule cavity causes great signal attenuation. 5. Defects in counterweight and sealing: Relying on the self-weight of the stainless steel bottom cover to settle, long-term corrosion by stomach acid can cause it to lose weight and float up, and be vomited up by animals; the thread + gasket seal is only IP68, which poses a high risk of long-term fermentation liquid leakage; there is no integrated sealing and locking structure. 6. Inadequate power supply management: It only uses simple resistor voltage divider for power detection, and there is no circuit for recovering energy from weak vibrations. Once the battery is depleted, the equipment is directly scrapped and cannot be recharged, resulting in a short service life for the entire machine.

[0004] In summary, existing rumen capsules lack multi-gas composite sensing, passive and controllable start-up, integrated flexible heat conduction, local edge AI, dual communication links, and integrated energy recovery design, which cannot meet the long-term accurate monitoring needs of large-scale ranches. New technical solutions are urgently needed to address these deficiencies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (1) The technical problem to be solved by the present invention To address the shortcomings of the existing capsule monitoring device CN113243895B, such as limited data acquisition parameters, susceptibility to accidental mechanical switch failure, unstable thermal contact, lack of local computing power, limited communication, lack of energy recovery, and easy corrosion and buoyancy of the counterweight, this paper proposes a multi-parameter sensing magnetically activated rumen monitoring capsule device for ruminants. This device achieves composite data acquisition of multiple gases, body temperature, and motion; external passive magnetic control for start-stop; integrated flexible thermal conductivity and vibration damping; local preprocessing via edge chip; Bluetooth and LoRa dual communication; vibration micro-energy recovery; and integrated sealing with corrosion-resistant slow-release counterweight. This significantly improves monitoring accuracy, overall device lifespan, and applicability in ranches.

[0006] (2) Complete technical solution of the present invention A multi-parameter sensing magnetically activated rumen monitoring capsule device for ruminants, characterized in that it includes an integrated sealed capsule shell, a magnetically controlled passive activation component, a slow-release counterweight power supply chamber, a multi-parameter composite acquisition module, an edge computing control PCB, a dual-band wireless communication module, and a micro-vibration energy recovery circuit. 1. Integrated Sealed Capsule Shell: The shell consists of an upper insulating shell and a lower thermally conductive counterweight base. Both adopt an ultrasonic heat-fusion integrated sealing + internal thread locking double-layer sealing structure, forming a smooth ellipsoidal capsule without sharp edges. The lower thermally conductive counterweight base is made of tungsten alloy composite stainless steel through integrated die casting. The hollow interior of the base forms a power supply chamber, and the outer wall of the base is coated with a corrosion-resistant titanium nitride layer. The upper insulating shell is made of high-strength medical-grade PP insulating plastic, and the interior of the shell contains an integrated antenna mounting cavity. The overall protection rating of the shell is IP69K. 2. Slow-release counterweight power supply compartment: Located inside the lower thermally conductive counterweight base, it has a built-in 2700mAh lithium-ion battery. The compartment is surrounded by a high-density tungsten particle slow-release counterweight layer, and the tungsten particles are sealed with food-grade silicone. The top of the power supply compartment has a conductive contact surface to connect with the magnetically controlled passive activation component. The dual counterweight of the tungsten alloy base and the internal tungsten particles ensures that the density remains greater than that of the rumen fluid after long-term gastric acid corrosion, and the tungsten particles will permanently settle and not be regurgitated. 3. Magnetic Passive Activation Component: Unlike the mechanical impact switch in the comparison document, this component adopts an external magnetic field passive triggering structure, including a reed magnetic switch, conductive contact springs, and an insulating buffer support base; the reed magnetic switch is fixed to the top of the power supply compartment, and the two ends of the reed switch are respectively connected to the positive and negative terminals of the battery conductive contact springs; when the matching permanent magnet is brought close to the capsule shell, the reed switch is attracted and conducts the entire circuit; after the permanent magnet is removed, it remains self-locking and conductive; re-attaching the magnet will disconnect the circuit; there is no mechanical impact structure throughout the process, ensuring accidental triggering during transportation and feeding, and eliminating the risk of rust and jamming; 4. Multi-parameter composite acquisition module: Integrated and soldered onto the edge computing control PCB, containing four acquisition units: ① Integrated flexible thermally conductive temperature acquisition unit: includes Si7051 digital temperature sensor, annular silicone flexible thermal pad, and multiple sets of elastic copper foil thermal conductive pillars; one end of the thermal conductive pillar is tightly attached to the inner wall of the lower thermally conductive counterweight base, and the other end is elastically pressed against the temperature sensor pad; the annular silicone pad wraps all the thermal conductive pillars to form a buffer and shock absorption structure, without single-point contact of metal springs, ensuring uniform heat conduction and resistance to rolling vibration and drift. ② Three-axis motion acquisition unit: DA217 accelerometer sensor, which collects three-axis motion data of rumination, walking, and lying down; ③ Rumen gas acquisition unit: a miniature electrochemical methane sensor + an infrared CO2 sensor, both encapsulated in a breathable and waterproof microporous membrane gas chamber, which is connected to the vent window on the outside of the upper shell to collect the concentration of methane and carbon dioxide in the rumen in real time. ④ Environmental power acquisition unit: XC6206 voltage regulator + precision voltage divider power detection circuit, to collect the remaining battery power in real time; 5. Edge Computing Control PCB: The main controller uses the nRF5340 dual-core edge processing chip (distinguished by the nRF52840 single-core chip in the comparison file), with a built-in local AI filtering algorithm storage area; the chip is responsible for periodically collecting multiple parameters such as temperature, motion, CH4, and CO2, and locally completing abnormal data filtering, rumination frequency calculation, and methane fermentation health grading preprocessing, uploading only feature data rather than raw sampled data to reduce communication power consumption; elastic shock-absorbing foam is set at the four corners of the PCB board, with no hard contact with the outer shell cavity; 6. Dual-band wireless communication module: integrates a BLE5.3 LongRange Bluetooth antenna and a miniature LoRa spread spectrum antenna, with both antennas laser-engraved on the LDS bracket inside the capsule shell; the bracket has an ellipsoidal integrated structure, with LED light-transmitting windows at both ends for visualizing the magnetic control activation status; BLE is used for short-range handheld terminal data reading, and LoRa is used for long-range ranch base station relay transmission, solving the problem of insufficient communication range of single Bluetooth; 7. Micro-vibration energy recovery circuit: Located between the power supply compartment and the PCB, it includes a micro piezoelectric vibration collection plate, a boost energy storage capacitor, and a unidirectional rectifier circuit; when the capsule generates micro-vibrations in the rumen as the animal peristalsis and rumination, the piezoelectric plate collects mechanical energy and converts it into electrical energy, which is stored in the energy storage capacitor. When the battery is low, the power supply is automatically replenished, extending the overall battery life. 8. Overall Machine Operation Logic: During the factory storage and transportation stage, the magnetic control switch is disconnected, and the entire machine consumes zero power. Before insertion, the permanent magnet is held in place with the capsule base, the magnetic control switch self-locks and conducts, the equipment starts, and the LED window illuminates to indicate normal operation. After entering the rumen, the multi-parameter module collects a set of data every 5 minutes, the edge chip performs local AI preprocessing, and the feature dataset is uploaded via LoRa / Bluetooth every 30 minutes. The piezoelectric energy recovery circuit continuously replenishes the weak electrical energy. When the equipment is inspected and recycled, the magnetic switch is reattached to disconnect the circuit, the entire machine is powered off, and the remaining power is preserved.

[0007] (3) Preferred Subordinate Restriction Scheme Option 1: The reed magnetically controlled passive activation component has a built-in self-locking circuit, which is continuously conductive after a single magnetic field trigger and disconnected after a second magnetic field trigger, so that there is no need for a continuous external magnetic field to maintain the operation; the reed tube is covered with an acid and alkali resistant silicone protective sleeve to isolate it from the corrosion of rumen fermentation liquid.

[0008] Option 2: The integrated flexible thermally conductive temperature acquisition unit has 6 evenly distributed elastic copper foil thermally conductive columns in a ring, and the ring silicone thermally conductive pad is 0.8mm thick with a thermal conductivity ≥12W / (m·K), which takes into account both thermal conductivity and shock absorption.

[0009] Option 3: The LDS antenna bracket is integrally formed with dual antenna wiring. The Bluetooth antenna covers the hemispherical section of the bracket, and the LoRa antenna covers the column section of the bracket. The two are isolated and there is no signal interference. The communication gain is improved by 13dB compared with ordinary ceramic antennas.

[0010] Option 4: The tungsten particles in the slow-release counterweight layer have a particle size of 0.3–0.8 mm, the silicone sealing layer has a thickness of 1.2 mm, is resistant to lactic acid and acetic acid corrosion, and does not lose weight or fall off after immersion for 3 years.

[0011] Option 5: The piezoelectric collecting plate of the micro-vibration energy recovery circuit has a ring structure, which is attached to the inner wall of the lower counterweight base. The vibration power generation voltage is 0.8–3.2V, the energy storage capacitor capacity is 100μF, and the power replenishment is automatically started when the low power threshold of 2.5V is reached.

[0012] Option 6: The outer shell is ultrasonically heat-sealed with end face fluororubber gaskets, forming a double-layer sealing structure that can withstand long-term immersion in the acidic environment of the rumen at pH 2–7, preventing liquid infiltration.

[0013] (4) Beneficial effects of the present invention 1. Comprehensive upgrade in data acquisition dimensions, resulting in significantly improved diagnostic accuracy. Compared to existing equipment which only provides temperature and acceleration, this invention adds dual gas sensors for methane and carbon dioxide, enabling direct monitoring of rumen fermentation microbial activity and accurate differentiation of rumen impaction, acidosis, heat stress, and low milk production risks. This addresses the shortcomings of existing equipment, which suffers from limited data and large diagnostic errors.

[0014] 2. Magnetic control passive magnetic starter replaces mechanical impact switch, significantly improving reliability. Abandoning the impact-locking mechanical switch of the comparison document, it adopts an external permanent magnet passive magnetic control structure with no mechanical moving parts, so it will not be accidentally triggered and consume power when transported. There is no metal friction and corrosion, and it can be repeatedly started and stopped. When the equipment is recycled, the power can be cut off to save the remaining power, and the service life of the whole machine is increased by more than 50%.

[0015] 3. Integrated flexible ring-shaped thermal conductive structure to prevent temperature drift. Instead of using the three sets of triangular metal springs for single-point heat conduction as described in the comparison document, a ring-shaped evenly distributed copper foil heat conduction column + silicone buffer heat conduction pad is adopted, which conducts heat evenly at multiple points. No contact shift will occur under long-term rolling and vibration of the animal rumen. The temperature acquisition error is controlled within ±0.1℃, while the temperature difference drift of the comparison document can reach ±0.4℃.

[0016] 4. Dual-core edge local AI computing with ultra-low power transmission The main control chip is upgraded to an nRF5340 dual-core chip, which can complete data filtering, rumination counting, and fermentation health grading locally. Only feature data is uploaded, reducing the amount of data transmitted by 70% and significantly reducing the power consumption of wireless communication. The comparison file has no local computing power and all raw data is uploaded, resulting in high power consumption and short battery life.

[0017] 5. BLE+LoRa dual communication links, suitable for large-scale ranches. The comparison document only has a single Bluetooth signal, which has no signal at long distances; the present invention integrates dual-band antennas with LDS laser engraving, enabling Bluetooth reading from handheld terminals at close range and LoRa base station networking in ranches at long distances, covering large-scale farms with thousands of animals, with a wider range of applicable scenarios and an antenna gain improvement of 13dB.

[0018] 6. Micro-vibration piezoelectric energy recovery, autonomous recharging to extend battery life. The newly added piezoelectric vibration energy recovery circuit utilizes rumen peristalsis and rumination vibration to continuously collect weak electrical energy to replenish the battery, increasing the overall battery life by 35% with the same battery capacity; the comparison document has no energy recovery structure and is directly scrapped when the battery is depleted.

[0019] 7. Tungsten alloy slow-release double-layer counterweight + IP69K double-layer seal, permanently stationary and non-ejection. The prior art only uses stainless steel counterweight, which is prone to floating due to long-term corrosion from gastric acid. The present invention features a tungsten alloy base with internal sealing tungsten particles for double-layer counterweight, a corrosion-resistant titanium nitride coating, and a stable density greater than that of gastric juice after long-term immersion. It also features ultrasonic heat fusion and threaded double-layer sealing, achieving an IP69K protection rating, which is superior to the IP68 of the prior art, thus preventing fermentation liquid from penetrating and damaging the circuit.

[0020] 8. The machine has no moving mechanical parts, resulting in an extremely low failure rate. With no impact throughout the process and a self-locking spring structure that is prone to wear, the entire system is electronically passive magnetically controlled and features a flexible and elastic heat-conducting structure, allowing it to work stably for 3-5 years in the complex environment of the rumen, significantly reducing maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 : Schematic diagram of the overall external structure of the capsule of this invention; Figure 2 : Exploded view of the capsule along its entire axis; Figure 3 : Magnified structural diagram of the magnetically controlled passive activation component; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the PCB layout of the multi-parameter composite acquisition module; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of a flexible annular heat-conducting structure; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of LDS dual-band antenna support structure; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of micro-vibration energy recovery circuit; Figure 8 Overall circuit connection diagram of the whole machine.

[0022] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: Figure 1 1.1-LED light-transmitting window, 1.2-upper insulating shell, 1.3-lower thermally conductive counterweight base, 1.4-breathable microporous membrane air chamber; Figure 2 2.1 Upper insulating housing; 2.2 Dual-channel LDS antenna bracket; 2.3 Edge computing control PCB; 2.4 Multi-parameter composite acquisition module; 2.5 Magnetically controlled passive activation component; 2.6 Slow-release counterweight power supply compartment / lithium-thionyl chloride battery; 2.7 Lower thermally conductive counterweight base. Figure 3 3.1-Insulated buffer support base; 3.2-Reed magnetic switch; 3.3-Upper conductive spring; 3.4-Lower conductive spring; 3.5-Battery positive contact; 3.6-Battery negative contact; 3.7-Silicone protective cover; Figure 44.1 Edge computing PCB motherboard, 4.2 nRF5340 dual-core main controller, 4.3 Flexible thermally conductive temperature unit, 4.4 Triaxial accelerometer DA217, 4.5 Methane / CO2 gas sensor, 4.6 Power detection circuit, 4.7 Piezoelectric energy recovery interface; Figure 5 5.1-Inner wall of the lower thermally conductive counterweight base; 5.2-Annular silicone thermally conductive buffer pad; 5.3-Elastic copper foil thermally conductive column; 5.4-Si7051 temperature sensor; 5.5-SENSOR soldered to PCB. Figure 6 6.1-Ellipsoidal bracket body, 6.2-Hemispherical segment-BLE5.3 Bluetooth LDS antenna, 6.3-Columnar segment-LoRa spread spectrum LDS antenna, 6.4-Left LED light-transmitting window, 6.5-Right LED light-transmitting window; Figure 7 7.1-Ring piezoelectric collector, 7.2-Single-phase rectifier circuit, 7.3-Boost energy storage capacitor, 7.4-Voltage threshold switch, 7.5-Lithium-ion main battery, 7.6-Main control PCB power supply bus; Figure 8 8.1-Lithium-ion battery; 8.2-Magnetic reed switch; 8.3-nRF5340 edge controller chip; 8.4-Temperature acquisition unit; 8.5-Acceleration acquisition unit; 8.6-Gas sensor unit; 8.7-Battery detection module; 8.8-BLE+LoRa dual wireless antenna; 8.9-Status indicator light; 8.10-Piezoelectric energy recovery system; Detailed Implementation

[0023] Example 1: Basic Complete Example like Figure 1-8 As shown, a multi-parameter sensing magnetically activated rumen monitoring capsule device for ruminants includes an integrated sealed capsule shell 1, a magnetically controlled passive activation component 2, a slow-release counterweight power supply chamber 3, a multi-parameter composite acquisition module 4, an edge computing control PCB 5, a dual-band wireless communication module 6, and a micro-vibration energy recovery circuit 7.

[0024] The integrated sealed capsule shell 1 is divided into an upper insulating shell 11 and a lower thermally conductive counterweight base 12. The two are first pre-locked by threads and then sealed by ultrasonic heat fusion. Fluororubber gaskets are added to the end face for IP69K protection. The lower thermally conductive counterweight base 12 is made of tungsten alloy integral die casting, and the outer wall is sprayed with titanium nitride corrosion-resistant coating. The hollow interior of the base forms a slow-release counterweight power supply chamber 3, which contains a 2700mAh lithium-ion battery 31. The battery is surrounded by a silicone-sealed tungsten particle slow-release counterweight layer 32. The tungsten particle size is 0.5mm, ensuring that the overall density is ≥2.8g / cm³, so that it will not be ruminated and vomited up after long-term settling at the bottom of the rumen.

[0025] The top of the power supply compartment 3 is equipped with a magnetically controlled passive activation component 2, which includes a reed magnetic switch 21, a conductive spring 22, and an insulating buffer support 23. The reed switch is covered with an acid and alkali resistant silicone sleeve. The two ends of the reed are connected to the positive and negative conductive springs of the battery, respectively. When the external permanent magnet is close to the base 12, the reed is attracted and self-locked to conduct the entire circuit, and the LED light-transmitting window 14 lights up to indicate that the device has started. When the permanent magnet is put back on, the reed is disengaged, the entire device is powered off, and the circuit is completely disconnected when there is no magnetic field contact during transportation and storage, resulting in zero power consumption.

[0026] Edge computing control PCB5 is fixed to the internal cavity of the upper insulating housing 11. Elastic shock-absorbing foam is glued to the four corners of the PCB to avoid hard friction with the housing. Multi-parameter composite acquisition module 4 is soldered onto the PCB. 1. Flexible thermally conductive temperature acquisition unit 41: 6 annularly distributed elastic copper foil thermally conductive columns, one end of which is pressed against the inner wall of the lower thermally conductive counterweight base, and the other end is elastically attached to the Si7051 temperature sensor. The outside is wrapped with a 0.8mm thick annular silicone thermally conductive pad, which conducts heat evenly and buffers the rumen tumbling vibration, eliminating temperature acquisition drift. 2. The three-axis motion acquisition unit 42 uses a DA217 accelerometer to collect real-time three-axis motion data of the animal during rumination and walking; 3. The methane / CO2 gas collection unit 43 integrates a miniature electrochemical methane sensor and an infrared carbon dioxide sensor. The sensors are installed in the breathable and waterproof microporous membrane gas chamber 13. The gas chamber is connected to the vent window on the outside of the upper shell, allowing gas to freely infiltrate while preventing gastric juice from entering. 4. The power acquisition unit 44 uses an XC6206 low dropout voltage regulator chip and a precision resistor voltage divider circuit to monitor the remaining battery voltage and power in real time.

[0027] The main controller uses the nRF5340 dual-core edge chip 51, which has a built-in local AI filtering algorithm. It collects a set of raw data on temperature, movement, methane, and carbon dioxide every 5 minutes, and performs noise filtering, rumination action counting, and rumen fermentation health level classification locally. It only stores and uploads the processed feature data to reduce wireless transmission power consumption.

[0028] The upper housing 11 has an integrated ellipsoidal LDS bracket 63. The bracket surface is laser-engraved with dual-band antennas: Bluetooth antenna 61 covers the hemispherical section of the bracket, and LoRa spread spectrum antenna 62 covers the column section of the bracket. The dual antennas are isolated to prevent signal interference. BLE 5.3 is used for ranch workers to read data at close range with handheld terminals, and LoRa spread spectrum communication is used to connect to the ranch's long-distance base station to achieve full coverage monitoring of ranches with thousands of animals. LED light-transmitting windows 14 are opened at both ends of the bracket. After the magnetic switch is turned on, the red LED light source of the PCB is visible through the window to display the working status.

[0029] A ring-shaped piezoelectric collecting plate 71 is installed between the power supply compartment 3 and the PCB board to form a micro-vibration energy recovery circuit 7, which is equipped with a boost energy storage capacitor 72 and a unidirectional rectifier circuit. The capsule generates continuous micro-vibrations as the rumen of cattle and sheep moves and ruminates. The piezoelectric plate converts mechanical energy into electrical energy and stores it in the energy storage capacitor. When the battery voltage is lower than the 2.5V threshold, it automatically replenishes power to the main control and acquisition module. Under the same battery capacity, the overall battery life is increased by 35%.

[0030] Assembly process: Tungsten granule counterweight layer sealed and installed in power supply compartment → Lithium-ion battery placed in place → Magnetically controlled passive activation component fixed to top of compartment → Heat-conducting column and flexible heat-conducting pad assembled on PCB → Multi-parameter sensor welded to PCB → Dual-band LDS antenna bracket fastened to PCB → Upper and lower shell threads pre-tightened → Ultrasonic heat-melting seal of outer shell → Permanent magnet de-energized and sealed before leaving the factory.

[0031] Actual usage process: 1. Factory shipping: No external magnetic field, magnetic control switch is off, the whole machine consumes zero power; 2. Activation before deployment: Hold the matching permanent magnet against the capsule base for 3 seconds, the reed switch will self-lock and conduct, the LED light will light up, and the device will start; 3. Feeding into the rumen: The double-layer counterweight continuously settles to the bottom, the multi-parameter module periodically collects data, the edge chip preprocesses the data locally, and the data is uploaded to the ranch management platform at regular intervals via LoRa base station; the piezoelectric sheet continuously collects vibration energy to replenish the power. 4. Equipment recovery and maintenance: After the capsule is retrieved, it is reattached to the base with a permanent magnet, the magnetic control switch is turned off, the whole machine is powered off, the remaining power is stored, and the battery can be replaced and reused.

[0032] Example 2: Parameter Optimization Variation This embodiment has the same structure as Embodiment 1, except for optimization of the counterweight and thermal conductivity parameters: the tungsten particle size is adjusted to 0.3mm, the silicone thermal pad thickness is 1.0mm, and 8 elastic copper foil thermal conductive columns are evenly distributed in a ring; the piezoelectric energy storage capacitor capacity is adjusted to 150μF, and the low-power start-up threshold is adjusted to 2.4V, making it suitable for use in large-scale ranches with ultra-long battery life.

[0033] Example 3: Lightweight and Miniaturized Solution It is designed to fit the small rumen cavities of lambs and calves. The overall capsule outer diameter is reduced by 15%, the thickness of the tungsten alloy base is reduced, and the filling amount of the internal tungsten particle counterweight layer is reduced, while the overall density is maintained at 2.6g / cm³. The gas sensor adopts a miniature patch-type integrated gas-sensitive chip, and the LDS bracket is reduced in size to make it suitable for feeding young animals.

Claims

1. A multi-parameter sensing magnetically controlled rumen monitoring capsule device for ruminants, characterized in that, It includes an integrated sealed capsule shell, a magnetically controlled passive activation component, a slow-release counterweight power supply chamber, a multi-parameter composite acquisition module, an edge computing control PCB, a dual-band wireless communication module, and a micro-vibration energy recovery circuit. The integrated sealed capsule shell is divided into an upper insulating shell and a lower thermally conductive counterweight base. The upper insulating shell and the lower thermally conductive counterweight base adopt a threaded locking + ultrasonic heat melting double-layer sealing structure. The lower thermally conductive counterweight base is integrally die-cast from tungsten alloy, and the outer wall is coated with a corrosion-resistant titanium nitride coating. The hollow interior of the base forms the slow-release counterweight power supply chamber. The slow-release counterweight power supply chamber has a built-in lithium-ion battery, and the chamber is filled with a silicone-sealed tungsten particle slow-release counterweight layer. The tungsten alloy base and the tungsten particle counterweight layer form a double-layer sedimentation counterweight structure. The magnetically controlled passive activation component is located on the top of the slow-release counterweight power supply chamber. It includes a reed magnetic switch, a conductive spring, and an insulating buffer support. The two ends of the reed magnetic switch are connected to the positive and negative terminals of the lithium-ion battery through the conductive spring. The circuit self-locking on / off is achieved by the magnetic field of an external permanent magnet, without a mechanical impact triggering structure. The edge computing control PCB is fixed inside the upper insulating shell. The multi-parameter composite acquisition module is integrated and soldered on the PCB. The multi-parameter composite acquisition module includes an integrated flexible thermally conductive temperature acquisition unit, a three-axis motion acquisition unit, a methane / carbon dioxide gas acquisition unit, and a power acquisition unit. The integrated flexible thermally conductive temperature acquisition unit includes a digital temperature sensor, multiple annularly distributed elastic copper foil heat-conducting columns, and an annular silicone thermally conductive buffer pad. The two ends of the elastic copper foil heat-conducting columns are elastically attached to the inner wall of the lower thermally conductive counterweight base and the digital temperature sensor, respectively. The edge computing control PCB is equipped with an nRF5340 dual-core edge processing chip. The chip has a built-in local AI data preprocessing algorithm, which is used to filter the collected raw data of temperature, motion, methane, and carbon dioxide, calculate the rumination frequency, and grade the fermentation health, and only output the feature data. The dual-band wireless communication module includes a BLE5.3 Bluetooth LDS antenna and a LoRa spread spectrum LDS antenna. The two antennas are laser-engraved on the surface of an ellipsoidal LDS bracket, and the LDS bracket is fastened to fix the edge calculation control PCB. The micro-vibration energy recovery circuit is located between the slow-release counterweight power supply compartment and the edge computing control PCB. It includes a ring-shaped piezoelectric collector, a boost energy storage capacitor, and a unidirectional rectifier circuit, utilizing rumen peristaltic vibration to generate electricity to supplement the entire machine.

2. The multi-parameter sensing magnetically controlled activated rumen monitoring capsule device for ruminants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reed magnetic switch is covered with an acid and alkali resistant silicone protective sleeve. The reed magnetic switch is equipped with a self-locking circuit. It is continuously conducting after being triggered by a single external magnetic field, and disconnects the entire circuit when triggered by a second magnetic field.

3. The multi-parameter sensing magnetically controlled activated rumen monitoring capsule device for ruminants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic copper foil heat-conducting pillars are arranged in a ring of 6–8 evenly distributed columns, and the ring-shaped silicone heat-conducting buffer pad has a thickness of 0.8–1.0 mm and a thermal conductivity ≥12 W / (m·K).

4. The multi-parameter sensing magnetically controlled activated rumen monitoring capsule device for ruminants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The methane / carbon dioxide gas collection unit is integrated into a breathable and waterproof microporous membrane chamber. The breathable and waterproof microporous membrane chamber is connected to the ventilated window on the outside of the upper insulating shell, allowing gas to permeate in while preventing rumen acidic liquid from entering the chamber.

5. The multi-parameter sensing magnetically controlled activated rumen monitoring capsule device for ruminants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ellipsoidal LDS bracket has symmetrically arranged LED light-transmitting windows at both ends. The edge computing control PCB is equipped with a red LED light source, and the light from the LED light source shines through the light-transmitting windows to show the working status of the magnetic switch.

6. The multi-parameter sensing magnetically controlled activated rumen monitoring capsule device for ruminants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tungsten particles in the slow-release counterweight layer have a particle size of 0.3–0.8 mm, and the silicone sealing layer encapsulating the tungsten particles has a thickness of ≥1.2 mm, which is resistant to long-term corrosion from rumen fermentation liquid at pH 2–7.

7. The multi-parameter sensing magnetically controlled activated rumen monitoring capsule device for ruminants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The micro-vibration energy recovery circuit is set with a power replenishment threshold. When the lithium-ion battery voltage is lower than 2.4–2.5V, the energy storage capacitor automatically supplies power to the edge computing control PCB and the multi-parameter composite acquisition module.

8. The multi-parameter sensing magnetically controlled activated rumen monitoring capsule device for ruminants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper insulating shell is made of high-strength medical PP insulating plastic, and the overall protection level of the integrated sealed capsule shell reaches IP69K.

9. The multi-parameter sensing magnetically controlled activated rumen monitoring capsule device for ruminants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-axis motion acquisition unit uses a DA217 accelerometer, the temperature acquisition unit uses a Si7051 digital temperature sensor, and the power acquisition unit is equipped with an XC6206 low-dropout linear regulator chip.

10. The multi-parameter sensing magnetically controlled activated rumen monitoring capsule device for ruminants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The LDS Bluetooth antenna covers the hemispherical section of the ellipsoidal bracket, and the LoRa spread spectrum antenna covers the columnar section of the ellipsoidal bracket. The two antennas are isolated from each other and there is no signal interference. The antenna communication gain is 13dB higher than that of the ceramic antenna.

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