Spiral cold cutting tool

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of medical apparatus and instruments, and particularly relates to a surgical cutter device. The present application discloses a spiral cold cutting cutter, which comprises a cutter head and a rotating part. The cutter head is provided with a spiral blade outside. The shape of the cutter head is a solid of revolution formed by a continuous smooth axisymmetric curve. The spiral blade is arranged at intervals on the solid of revolution. The spiral blade comprises a spiral platform and a blade part. The blade part is arranged on the spiral platform at an acute angle and is integrally formed with the spiral platform. One end of the spiral blade is arranged at the top of the cutter head and on the axis of the rotating part. A negative pressure cavity is hollowly arranged in the cutter head. The negative pressure cavity is communicated with the spiral blade outside. A pressure regulating pipe is arranged in the negative pressure cavity. The pressure regulating pipe is coaxially arranged with the rotating part. The top end of the pressure regulating pipe is fixedly connected with the top end of the cutter head. An air passing hole is arranged at the top end of the pressure regulating pipe. The cutter blade surface of the present application can be arranged to cut in any direction while having the characteristics of safety and delicacy. An ideal tissue boundary can be trimmed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of medical device technology, specifically relating to surgical instruments and equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, thermal ablation is a common treatment for some nodules. While it has become the mainstream method due to its minimally invasive and precise nature, it also carries some risks, such as: 1. The nodule may be carbonized and necrotic in situ by high temperatures, making it impossible to obtain a complete specimen. Treatment decisions then rely entirely on the results of pre-operative fine-needle aspiration. 2. Thermal ablation is highly dependent on the surgeon's spatial imagination and hand-eye coordination. The surgeon must simultaneously operate the ultrasound probe, ablation needle, and foot switch, and mentally construct a three-dimensional thermal field model. Insufficient prediction of the heat deposition effect (blood flow carrying away heat) or the extent of heat diffusion can easily lead to incomplete ablation or thermal damage. 3. Necrotic tissue needs to be gradually absorbed by the body's immune system over months or even years. In some cases, patients with insufficient metabolic capacity may retain necrotic tissue for a long time. 4. For nodules that are too large in diameter or have extremely rich blood supply, a single ablation session may not be sufficient to completely cover them, and the cooling effect of blood flow may result in residual tissue at the edges.

[0003] However, the cold incision method, as a traditional surgical approach, also has its problems: 1. Traditional mechanical cutting has indiscriminate destructive properties. Traditional scalpels, such as No. 10 and No. 15 blades, or scissors, are purely mechanical sharp instruments. They cannot distinguish between thyroid nodules, normal glands, microvessels, lymphatic vessels, and the crucial recurrent laryngeal nerve during cutting. 2. The cutting range cannot be controlled. Because the scalpel cannot precisely define the boundary between "lesion" and "normal" at the microscopic level, doctors often tend to widen the cutting range to ensure a clean cut. 3. The wound is large. The scalpel cutting inevitably creates an open cavity or large wound equivalent to the volume of the nodule. The sutures, titanium clips, and electrocautery eschar used during hemostasis are all foreign bodies. Large areas of tissue loss require granulation tissue filling, inevitably leading to scar hyperplasia.

[0004] The following is a review of relevant patent documents to help understand the aforementioned shortcomings. Chinese Patent No. CN2025119218887 discloses an integrated tumor-excavating specimen-retrieving rotary cutting knife. This patent designs an integrated rotary cutting knife for tumor excavation specimen retrieval, integrating grasping and traction, cutting, specimen collection and isolation, and rinsing and suction functions into one unit. Based on the disclosed images, the overall surgical device is relatively large, making it difficult to achieve minimally invasive surgical results. Chinese Patent No. CN2024207252144 discloses an endoscopic rotary biopsy device. By designing an endoscopic rotary biopsy device, utilizing a rotary cutting groove and a sliding cutting head, it solves the problems of low sample volume and low detection efficiency in existing technologies. This device is suitable for some cutting operations and is specifically designed for endoscopic biopsy.

[0005] The closest prior art to this invention is US Patent US20150305726A1, "Insertable Endoscopic Instrument for Tissue Removal." This patent discloses an improved endoscopic instrument that integrates cutting and retrieval functions within a single instrument channel. It features a powered drive head capable of cutting and retrieving polyps within this single instrument channel. It includes a cutting axis, a suction channel, and a flexible section, allowing for simultaneous cutting and removal of polyps without the need for alternating tools. Combined with a flexible endoscope, it improves accuracy and speed, solving the inefficiency problem of current colonoscopy examinations and achieving the effect of cutting upon visualization. The patent uses various blade styles, including clamp-like blades, biopsy needle-like blades, and blade configurations similar to the rotary cutting blades in Chinese Patent No. CN2024207252144. However, even with these multiple blade configurations, it is still difficult to meet the aforementioned cutting range requirements. Current detection methods can achieve accurate positioning, but current blades still have shortcomings; they cannot precisely and clearly trim ideal tissue boundaries while ensuring accurate detection. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Currently, an ideal cold-cutting blade should possess the following characteristics: 1. The blade should be small enough to fully utilize the cutting edge, allowing for a wider cutting range and facilitating miniaturization (the blade design in Chinese patent CN2025101884417 is relatively small, resulting in a bulky blade), thus aligning with the current minimally invasive surgical philosophy. 2. The cutting surface should be directional. Currently, most blades on the market are radial or axial, requiring constant adjustments to the cutting position during the endoscopic process, leading to inconvenience and even situations where the blade cannot be cut. 3. The cutting blade should be safe and precise, with the incision size adjustable flexibly according to the situation.

[0007] To achieve the above technical objectives, this invention discloses a spiral cold-cutting tool, the specific technical solution of which is as follows: The spiral cold-cutting tool includes a cutting head and a rotating part. A spiral cutting edge is provided on the outside of the cutting head. The shape of the cutting head is a rotating body formed by a continuous, smooth, axisymmetric curve. The spiral cutting edges are spaced apart on the rotating body. The spiral cutting edge includes a spiral platform and a cutting edge portion. The cutting edge portion is set at an acute angle on the spiral platform and is integrally formed with the spiral platform. One end of the spiral cutting edge is located at the top of the cutting head and on the axis of the rotating part. The cutter head has a hollow cavity with a negative pressure channel, which is connected to the external spiral blade. A pressure regulating pipe is installed inside the negative pressure channel, and the pressure regulating pipe is coaxially arranged with the rotating part. The top end of the pressure regulating tube is fixedly connected to the top end of the cutter head, and an vent hole is provided at the top end of the pressure regulating tube.

[0008] Specifically, the spiral blades with the specified spacing have a buffer gap consisting of a spiral platform, a blade portion, and a previous spiral platform.

[0009] Furthermore, the spiral blades are provided in two or more sets, and the two or more sets of spiral blades are arranged in a circular array with the axis of the rotating part as the center. Preferably, the spiral blades are provided in three sets.

[0010] Preferably, the continuous smooth curve is a semi-circular curve, and the body of revolution is a hemisphere.

[0011] Preferably, the spiral blades are spaced at equal intervals on the rotating body.

[0012] Preferably, the bottom of the spiral platform is chamfered.

[0013] Specifically, an insulating layer is fitted at the bottom of the blade, and the blade and voltage regulating tube are made of conductive metal. During operation, the blade can become an electrode with hemostatic and coagulation functions by conducting electricity through the voltage regulating tube to the blade. More specifically, the current can be high-frequency current, low-frequency current, or direct current. It should be noted that high-frequency current can function as a single electrode for hemostasis, while low-frequency current and direct current require an additional electrode corresponding to the blade, one as positive and one as negative, generally a relatively large electrode plate in contact with the human body. The choice of method depends on the specific surgical situation. If there is significant bleeding, a single-electrode method (requiring an additional electrode plate) is considered; if the bleeding is minor and more precise hemostasis is needed, only burning the blood vessel without damaging the surrounding tissue, a dual-electrode method is considered. The insulating layer serves to prevent electric shock damage to human tissue from other metal parts besides the blade.

[0014] The specific working process of this invention is as follows: When the cutting tool of this invention extends from the endoscope, starting from the top of the blade, the spiral blade begins to break through the nodular tissue to be cut by the thrust of the endoscope itself and the synchronous rotation of the rotating part. Simultaneously, the pressure of the negative pressure chamber is adjusted to a suitable air pressure value. These nodules to be cut are adsorbed onto the spiral blade by a certain suction force through the negative pressure adjustment. When the rotating part starts to rotate, it can drive the spiral blade to cut nodules in other directions. The cut tissue will remain in the buffer gap between the spiral platforms. The blade also prevents the cut tissue from slipping out of the blade. Finally, since the suction effect of negative pressure on human tissue is limited to the spiral blade area, the cut human tissue in the negative pressure chamber is not directly sucked out because the surrounding pressure is balanced. It needs to be carried out through an air intake pipe to form a pressure difference. This is the actual function of the pressure regulating pipe and the air passage provided on it.

[0015] It should be noted that the blade of this invention is designed to be parallel to or inwardly facing the blade head surface to ensure that it will not accidentally injure human tissue.

[0016] It should be noted that the blade shape mentioned in the technical solution refers to the overall shape of the tool, excluding structural changes caused by the spiral blade. Specifically, if the tool does not have a blade, it should be a rotating body formed by a continuous, smooth, axisymmetric curve. Such a shape and structure will not cause damage or destruction in the tissue even if it comes into contact. In particular, the design of the rotating body ensures that the overall shape of the blade remains unchanged during rotation.

[0017] It should be noted that the solid of revolution referred to in this invention is a three-dimensional shape formed by rotating a closed curve around its axis of rotation. While this invention provides a hemispherical solid of revolution, other possible configurations based on the continuous, smooth, axisymmetric curve include a semi-ellipse and combinations of curves, such as a rectangle combined with a semicircle. Based on the core concept of this invention, those skilled in the art should be able to conceive of other easily implementable equivalent variations.

[0018] It should be noted that the spiral blades mentioned in this invention can be set to one, two, three, or even more sets. Their specific meaning is not simply a repetitive setting. Sometimes, the specific application scenarios of one, two, or three sets may be different. Those skilled in the art can understand that if the spiral blades are set to one set, the distance increased by the blade in one rotation on the cutting head is 'a'. Then, if the spiral blades are set to two sets, the distance increased by the blade in one rotation on the cutting head is 2a, and so on. The more sets of spiral blades are set, the higher the upward slope of the spiral blades along the axis of the rotating part, and the faster the spiral cutting speed during the spiral cutting process. Conversely, the fewer sets of spiral blades are set, the slower the spiral cutting speed, which is suitable for more precise cutting processes. However, it's important to note that the upward slope of the helical cutting edge along the axial direction of the rotating part also affects the structural strength of the cutting head. For example, when the upward slope of the helical cutting edge along the axial direction of the rotating part is small (when the helical cutting edges are set up in a group), the force on the helical cutting edge during the shearing process is approximately along the axial direction (small slope). This means that the torque on the helical cutting edge should be approximately the product of the resistance borne by the helical cutting edge and the distance between the helical cutting edge and the axis of rotation. In other words, the closer to the axis of rotation, the smaller the torque, and vice versa. Conversely, if the upward slope of the helical cutting edge along the axial direction of the rotating part is large (when the helical cutting edges are set up in multiple groups), the force on the helical cutting edge during the shearing process is approximately along the radial direction (large slope). Here, the torque on the helical cutting edge is more distributed among the adjacent cutting edges, and it depends more on the strength of the cutting edge itself. In summary, considering factors such as the appropriate shearing rate, the structural strength compatibility of the spiral blade, and the strength of current special steels, setting the spiral blade to three sets is more reasonable.

[0019] It should be noted that the purpose of the chamfered bottom of the spiral table is to make it easier for human tissue to adhere to the spiral blade for further cutting.

[0020] The advantages of this invention are as follows: 1. As a cold-cutting tool, the spiral blade arrangement of this invention perfectly meets the requirement that the cutting surface can be in any direction. Because the blade head is a continuous, smooth curve, we obtain a "smooth" blade head. Furthermore, the blade head has spiral blades in all directions—front, bevel, and side—while conforming to human tissue, providing the tool with greater flexibility. That is, the tool can enter the human tissue to be cut from different angles and directions. 2. It allows for precise control of cutting efficiency and the cutting angle. Specifically, the cutting angle can be adjusted by regulating the negative pressure of the negative pressure chamber. A larger negative pressure chamber results in higher cutting efficiency, while a smaller negative pressure chamber results in lower cutting efficiency. Currently, conventional tools can only adjust the cutting size by the cutting angle of the blade itself and the pressure applied to the blade. Since the human body and tissues are mobile, this pressure application method is unreliable. 3. The cutting range can be precisely controlled. Based on the above two features, the design of the blade head and the spiral blade design can be combined to flexibly adjust the cutting direction. Adjusting the negative pressure can accurately adjust the cut size. Furthermore, for example, applying positive air pressure to the negative pressure chamber can even make the cutting blade quickly withdraw from the cutting position. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is the front view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of part A in the image.

[0024] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of part B in the image.

[0025] Figure 5 This is an isometric view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged view of the spiral blade section.

[0027] Figure 7 This is an isometric sectional view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 Enlarged view of section C in the image.

[0029] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of Embodiment 1 of the present invention in an endoscope.

[0030] Reference numerals: 1. Blade head; 2. Rotating part; 3. Negative pressure cavity; 4. Pressure regulating tube; 5. Spiral blade; 6. Air passage; 7. Buffer gap; 8. Endoscope; 9. Insulating layer. Spiral table 51, cutting edge 52, chamfer 53, spiral table 54; First spiral blade 501, second spiral blade 502, third spiral blade 503. Detailed Implementation Example 1

[0031] like Figure 8 As shown, the blade 1 is located inside the endoscope 8 channel and can work in conjunction with other devices in the endoscope 8.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, the spiral cold cutting tool includes a cutting head 1 and a rotating part 2; when the rotating part 2 is working, it drives the cutting head 1 to rotate.

[0033] like Figure 2 As shown, the internal condition of the spiral cold cutting tool can be observed. The negative pressure channel 3 and the pressure regulating pipe 4 can be seen inside the cold cutting tool. Both the negative pressure channel 3 and the pressure regulating pipe 4 are cylindrical. Note that the pressure regulating pipe 4 is solid while the negative pressure channel 3 is empty. The top of the pressure regulating pipe 4 is conical and fixed to the top of the cutter head 1.

[0034] like Figure 3 As shown, the overall shape of the cutter head 1 can be more clearly observed to be a rotating body formed by a continuous, smooth, axisymmetric curve. In this embodiment, a hemispherical + cylindrical arrangement is used, and the spiral blades 5 are evenly spaced on the rotating body. Furthermore, it can be observed that the top of the cone-shaped pressure regulating pipe 4 is provided with an air passage 6, which is used to adjust the pressure difference between the two ends of the negative pressure channel 3 to form an airflow. An insulating layer 9 is provided at the bottom of the cutter head 1.

[0035] like Figure 4 As shown, the arrangement of the spiral blade 5 can be further observed. The spiral blade 5 includes a spiral platform 51 and a blade portion 52. The blade portion 52 is set at an acute angle on the spiral platform 51 and is integrally formed with the spiral platform 51. Specifically, it resembles an inverted "L" shape. A buffer gap 7 can also be seen between the spiral platform 51, the blade portion 52, and the previous spiral platform 54. A chamfer 53 can also be observed at the bottom of the spiral platform 51.

[0036] like Figures 5-8The image shown is an isometric view of Embodiment 1. It can be seen that Embodiment 1 uses a three-set spiral blade arrangement, namely a first spiral blade 501, a second spiral blade 502, and a third spiral blade 503. The tops of the three sets of spiral blades are all set on the axis of the rotating part 2, and the first spiral blade 501, the second spiral blade 502, and the third spiral blade 503 are set at a 120-degree angle to each other.

[0037] Although the embodiments illustrate the application of spiral cold-cutting blades in endoscopy, it is understood that the present invention can also be used as cold-cutting blades in other surgical procedures.

[0038] Based on the core idea of ​​this invention, some other feasible methods need to be added. The rotating body used in Embodiment 1 is a hemispherical + cylindrical arrangement. An alternative that can be thought of is a rotating body formed by a semi-ellipse + rectangle for a continuous smooth axisymmetric curve. Although Embodiment 1 only discloses the case of three sets of spiral blades, those skilled in the art can also think of one or two sets. Although the spiral blades in Embodiment 1 are arranged at equal intervals, those skilled in the art can also think of other spacing arrangements. It is understood that these arrangements are all included in the core technology disclosed in this invention.

[0039] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", "right", "left", "above", "back", "middle", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0040] Furthermore, unless otherwise specified in this embodiment, the connection or fixing method between components can be achieved through conventional methods such as one-piece molding in the prior art. Therefore, it will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0041] Of course, the above are just typical examples of the present invention. In addition, the present invention may have many other specific embodiments. All technical solutions formed by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A spiral cold-cutting tool, comprising a cutting head (1) and a rotating part (2), characterized in that: The cutter head (1) is provided with a spiral blade (5). The shape of the cutter head (1) is a rotating body formed by a continuous smooth axisymmetric curve. The spiral blades (5) are spaced apart on the rotating body. The spiral blades (5) include a spiral platform (51) and a blade part (52). The blade part (52) is set at an acute angle on the spiral platform (51) and is integrally formed with the spiral platform (51). One end of the spiral blade (5) is set at the top of the cutter head (1) and on the axis of the rotating part (2). The blade (1) is hollow and has a negative pressure channel (3). The negative pressure channel (3) is connected to the external spiral blade (5). The negative pressure channel (3) is equipped with a pressure regulating pipe (4). The pressure regulating pipe (4) is coaxially arranged with the rotating part (2). The top end of the pressure regulating tube (4) is fixedly connected to the top end of the cutter head (1), and an air vent (6) is provided at the top end of the pressure regulating tube (4).

2. The spiral cold-cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spiral blades (5) with the specified spacing have a buffer gap (7) between them, consisting of a spiral platform (51), a blade portion (52), and an upper-level spiral platform (54).

3. The spiral cold-cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spiral blade (5) is provided in two or more sets, and the two or more sets of spiral blades (5) are arranged in a ring array with the axis of the rotating part (2) as the center.

4. The spiral cold-cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The continuous smooth curve is a semi-circular curve, and the body of revolution is a hemisphere.

5. The spiral cold-cutting tool according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The spiral blades (5) are spaced at equal intervals on the rotating body.

6. The spiral cold-cutting tool according to claim 3, characterized in that: The spiral blade (5) is provided in three sets.

7. The spiral cold-cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the spiral platform (51, 54) is chamfered (53).

8. The spiral cold-cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: An insulating layer (9) is fitted at the bottom of the cutter head (1), and the cutter head (1) and the voltage regulating tube (4) are made of conductive metal.

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