Low-temperature water-based fire extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a low-temperature water-based fire extinguishing agent and its preparation method. This fire extinguishing agent aims to solve the problems of traditional water-based fire extinguishing agents, such as easy solidification in low-temperature environments, low fire extinguishing efficiency, and poor environmental performance. Its raw materials include surfactants, stabilizers, antifreeze agents, modified water-absorbing composite materials, water, and foaming agents. The modified water-absorbing composite material is prepared by reacting N-isopropylacrylamide, sodium alginate, and a specially formulated alkenyl-modified flame retardant. This flame retardant is composed of nano-calcium carbonate modified with aminoacrylic acid and then compounded with ammonium polyphosphate. During preparation, the components are mixed and stirred in a specific order. This fire extinguishing agent has a low freezing point and excellent low-temperature stability, and does not solidify or separate in extremely cold environments. Simultaneously, it has low surface tension, strong wetting and penetrating ability, fast fire extinguishing speed, and good resistance to reignition. Furthermore, all raw materials are environmentally friendly and non-toxic, with high water utilization rate and low cost, making it suitable for extinguishing various types of fires, including solid and liquid fires.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fire extinguishing agent technology, specifically referring to a low-temperature water-based fire extinguishing agent and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Fire is a major disaster threatening personal and property safety. Water-based fire extinguishing agents, due to their wide availability, low price, and significant fire extinguishing effect, have become one of the most widely used types of fire extinguishing agents in the fire protection field. Traditional water-based fire extinguishing agents use water as the main medium and utilize water's heat absorption and cooling effect to extinguish fires. However, they have obvious technical defects: First, water has high fluidity and is easily lost after spraying, resulting in low water utilization and poor resistance to reignition. Second, water has a high freezing point and is prone to solidification in low-temperature environments, making it impossible to store and use the fire extinguishing agent normally, which seriously limits its application in high-altitude and cold regions. Third, some low-temperature water-based fire extinguishing agents use large amounts of fluorinated surfactants or toxic additives to improve their antifreeze performance. These additives are not easily degraded after extinguishing fires, posing environmental hazards. In addition, some products have insufficient flame retardant properties, and their fire extinguishing efficiency needs to be improved.

[0003] Therefore, developing a low-temperature water-based fire extinguishing agent that combines excellent low-temperature stability, high fire extinguishing performance, environmental friendliness and non-toxicity, high water utilization rate and good anti-reignition effect, to solve the problems of poor low-temperature applicability, insufficient fire extinguishing efficiency and poor environmental performance in existing technologies, has important practical significance and broad application prospects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above situation and to overcome the defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a low-temperature water-based fire extinguishing agent and its preparation method. The fire extinguishing agent is not easy to solidify in low-temperature environments, has good stability, high fire extinguishing efficiency, strong anti-reignition ability, and is environmentally friendly, non-toxic, easy to store and transport, and has a wide range of applications. It effectively solves the problems of easy solidification at low temperatures, low fire extinguishing efficiency, poor anti-reignition performance, and insufficient environmental protection of existing water-based fire extinguishing agents on the market.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: This invention proposes a low-temperature water-based fire extinguishing agent and its preparation method, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-6 parts of surfactant, 2-3 parts of stabilizer, 5-8 parts of antifreeze, 15-20 parts of modified water-absorbing composite material, 60-85 parts of water, and 1-2 parts of foaming agent.

[0006] Preferably, the surfactant is composed of sodium dodecyl diphenyl ether disulfonate and Tween-80 in a mass ratio of 4:1; the stabilizer is sodium benzoate; and the foaming agent is sodium lauryl sulfoacetate. Sodium dodecyl diphenyl ether disulfonate, as an anionic surfactant, and Tween-80, as a nonionic surfactant and emulsifier, combined significantly reduce the surface tension of water, enhance the wetting and penetration capabilities of the extinguishing agent, and simultaneously exhibit excellent dispersing and emulsifying effects, preventing the extinguishing agent from stratifying and settling. Sodium benzoate effectively prevents the extinguishing agent from stratifying and settling during storage and use, ensuring the stability of the extinguishing agent. Sodium lauryl sulfoacetate generates a large number of microbubbles at the water-air interface, forming a stable foam layer that isolates oxygen, further enhancing the extinguishing effect.

[0007] Preferably, the antifreeze is obtained by mixing inorganic salt calcium chloride, corrosion inhibitor sodium tripolyphosphate, and ethylene glycol in a mass ratio of 5:1:4. Calcium chloride, as an inorganic salt antifreeze, can effectively lower the freezing point of water and prevent the extinguishing agent from freezing at low temperatures. Sodium tripolyphosphate not only has a corrosion-inhibiting effect, protecting fire-fighting equipment from corrosion, but also works synergistically with calcium chloride to further enhance the antifreeze effect and prevent scale formation. Ethylene glycol, as a highly efficient antifreeze, can significantly lower the freezing point of water and decompose at high temperatures to produce inert gas, helping to isolate oxygen and improve fire extinguishing efficiency. The synergistic effect of these three components ensures that the extinguishing agent does not solidify or separate in low-temperature environments, guaranteeing its normal use.

[0008] Preferably, the preparation method of the modified water-absorbing composite material includes the following steps: N-isopropylacrylamide and deionized water are mixed evenly, sodium alginate is added, and the mixture is stirred and mixed evenly. Under a nitrogen atmosphere, an alkenyl modified flame retardant, a crosslinking agent, an initiator, and a accelerator are added, and the mixture is stirred and mixed to allow the reaction to occur. After the reaction is completed, the mixture is washed by dialysis, filtered, purified, and freeze-dried to obtain the modified water-absorbing composite material.

[0009] More preferably, the mass ratio of N-isopropylacrylamide, deionized water, sodium alginate, alkenyl modified flame retardant, crosslinking agent, initiator, and accelerator is 100:(1200-1500):(20-30):(15-35):(25-35):(1-3):(2-4), the reaction temperature is 55-65℃, and the reaction time is 4-6h.

[0010] More preferably, the crosslinking agent is methylenebisacrylamide, the accelerator is N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, and the initiator is ammonium persulfate. Methylenebisacrylamide can promote the crosslinking reaction of the raw materials, forming a uniform network structure and improving the stability of the modified water-absorbing composite material. Ammonium persulfate, as an initiator, can start the crosslinking reaction, and N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, as an accelerator, can accelerate the reaction process and ensure that the reaction is fully carried out.

[0011] Preferably, the preparation method of the alkenyl-modified flame retardant includes the following steps: S1. Disperse nano-calcium carbonate in an ethanol solution by ultrasonication. After the dispersion is uniform, add 2-aminopent-4-enoic acid, stir and mix evenly, heat up to allow the reaction to occur, filter after the reaction is complete, wash with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water, and dry under vacuum at 60℃ for 12h to obtain modified calcium carbonate. S2. Mix the ethanol solution, modified calcium carbonate, and ammonium polyphosphate evenly, heat to allow the reaction to occur, filter after the reaction is complete, wash with deionized water, and dry at 80℃ for 12 hours to obtain the alkenyl-modified flame retardant.

[0012] More preferably, in S1, the mass ratio of nano-calcium carbonate, ethanol solution, and 2-aminopent-4-enoic acid is 100:(2000-2500):(20-30), the reaction temperature is 60-80℃, and the reaction time is 3-5h; the ethanol solution in S1 is composed of anhydrous ethanol and deionized water in a volume ratio of 9:1, which can ensure that nano-calcium carbonate and 2-aminopent-4-enoic acid are fully dispersed and promote uniform reaction.

[0013] More preferably, in S2, the mass ratio of ethanol solution, modified calcium carbonate, and ammonium polyphosphate is (900-1200):100:(55-75), the reaction temperature is 60-70℃, and the reaction time is 5-8h; the ethanol solution in S2 is composed of anhydrous ethanol and deionized water in a volume ratio of 1:3, which can promote the full reaction of modified calcium carbonate and ammonium polyphosphate and improve the flame retardant performance of alkenyl modified flame retardant.

[0014] The present invention also discloses a method for preparing the above-mentioned low-temperature water-based fire extinguishing agent, comprising the following steps: weighing water and surfactant, heating to 50-60℃, stirring and mixing, then adding antifreeze and modified water-absorbing composite material, stirring and mixing at a rate of 350-450 r / min, and after 15-20 min, adding foaming agent and stabilizer, stirring and mixing at a rate of 250-300 r / min, and stirring and mixing for 5-10 min to obtain the low-temperature water-based fire extinguishing agent.

[0015] The preparation method is simple and easy to operate. By controlling the stirring rate and temperature, it ensures that the raw materials are fully mixed and reacted completely, avoiding the decline in the performance of the fire extinguishing agent caused by raw material agglomeration or uneven mixing. It is suitable for industrial mass production.

[0016] The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention using the above scheme are as follows: This scheme proposes a low-temperature water-based fire extinguishing agent and its preparation method, achieving the following beneficial effects: 1. Excellent low-temperature stability: The antifreeze agent of this invention is composed of calcium chloride, sodium tripolyphosphate and ethylene glycol. The synergistic effect of the three can effectively reduce the freezing point of water, making the freezing point of the fire extinguishing agent as low as -29℃, and as high as -33.4℃. This ensures that the fire extinguishing agent does not solidify, separate, or segregate in low-temperature environments, and can be stored and used normally in high-altitude and cold regions. At the same time, the modified water-absorbing composite material can improve the stability of the system, reduce the precipitation of inorganic salts in the antifreeze agent, and further improve the low-temperature applicability of the fire extinguishing agent.

[0017] 2. High fire extinguishing efficiency and good resistance to reignition: The modified water-absorbing composite material contains nano-calcium carbonate and ammonium polyphosphate, which work synergistically. Nano-calcium carbonate has a large specific surface area and excellent heat resistance. During combustion, it can quickly decompose and absorb heat, reducing the temperature of the fire scene, and at the same time producing carbon dioxide to dilute oxygen. Ammonium polyphosphate can form a covering film on the surface of combustibles, blocking the combustion chain reaction and forming non-flammable phosphorus compounds, thus inhibiting the spread of flames. The synergy of the two can significantly improve the penetration and adhesion of the extinguishing agent and reduce reignition. The temperature sensitivity of N-isopropylacrylamide can help absorb heat, and the high viscosity of sodium alginate can enhance the adhesion of the extinguishing agent, forming a protective film to isolate air, further improving the fire extinguishing efficiency. The fire extinguishing time can be shortened to 4.8-6.5s, which is far superior to existing technologies.

[0018] 3. Environmentally friendly and non-toxic with wide applicability: The raw materials used in this invention are all environmentally friendly and non-toxic, without harmful components such as fluorinated surfactants. They are biodegradable after extinguishing fires, causing no environmental pollution and posing no harm to the human body or the environment. At the same time, the extinguishing agent has low surface tension and good wettability, making it suitable for various types of fires, including solid fires and liquid fires. It is also easy to store and transport, and has a wide range of applications.

[0019] 4. High water utilization rate and low cost: The network structure formed by the modified water-absorbing composite material can improve the water retention rate and viscosity of the extinguishing agent, reduce water loss, and control the spread of fire with less water at the fire scene, significantly improving water utilization rate; the raw materials used are all commercially available conventional products, the preparation method is simple, no complicated equipment is required, the production cost is low, and it is suitable for industrial mass production. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a process flow diagram of a low-temperature water-based fire extinguishing agent proposed in this invention; The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, all chemical reagents involved in this invention were purchased through commercial channels.

[0023] The nano-calcium carbonate used in this invention was purchased from Guangxi Huana Technology Co., Ltd., with an average particle size of 20 nm and a purity of ≥99.99%; sodium alginate was purchased from Shanghai Maclean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.; ammonium polyphosphate was purchased from Shandong Shian Chemical Co., Ltd., industrial grade, crystal form II, degree of polymerization >1000; other undisclosed raw materials and reagents were all commercially available conventional products that meet relevant industry standards. Example

[0024] A method for preparing a low-temperature water-based fire extinguishing agent includes the following steps: Weigh out 60 parts by weight of water and 3 parts by weight of surfactant, which consists of sodium dodecyl diphenyl ether disulfonate and Tween-80 in a mass ratio of 4:1. Heat the mixture to 50°C and stir. Then add 5 parts by weight of antifreeze and 15 parts by weight of modified water-absorbing composite material. The antifreeze is obtained by mixing inorganic salt calcium chloride, corrosion inhibitor sodium tripolyphosphate, and ethylene glycol in a mass ratio of 5:1:4. Stir the mixture at a rate of 350 r / min for 20 min. Then add 1 part by weight of foaming agent sodium lauryl sulfoacetate and 2 parts by weight of stabilizer sodium benzoate. Stir the mixture at a rate of 250 r / min for 10 min to obtain a low-temperature water-based fire extinguishing agent.

[0025] The preparation method of the modified water-absorbing composite material includes the following steps: (1) Nano-calcium carbonate was ultrasonically dispersed in an ethanol solution. After uniform dispersion, 2-aminopent-4-enoic acid was added. The mass ratio of nano-calcium carbonate, ethanol solution, and 2-aminopent-4-enoic acid was 100:2000:20. The mixture was stirred and mixed evenly. The ethanol solution consisted of anhydrous ethanol and deionized water in a volume ratio of 9:1. The temperature was raised to 60°C and the reaction was carried out for 5 hours. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water, and vacuum dried at 60°C for 12 hours to obtain modified calcium carbonate. (2) Mix ethanol solution, modified calcium carbonate and ammonium polyphosphate in a mass ratio of 900:100:55 evenly. The ethanol solution is composed of anhydrous ethanol and deionized water in a volume ratio of 1:3. Heat the mixture to 60°C and react for 8 hours. After the reaction is complete, filter the mixture, wash it with deionized water, and dry it at 80°C for 12 hours to obtain alkenyl modified flame retardant. (3) N-isopropylacrylamide and deionized water were mixed evenly, sodium alginate was added, and the mixture was stirred evenly. Under a nitrogen atmosphere, alkenyl modified flame retardant, crosslinking agent methylenebisacrylamide, initiator ammonium persulfate and accelerator N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine were added. The mass ratio of N-isopropylacrylamide, deionized water, sodium alginate, alkenyl modified flame retardant, crosslinking agent, initiator and accelerator was 100:1200:20:15:25:1:2. The mixture was stirred and reacted at 55°C for 4 hours. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was washed by dialysis, filtered, purified and freeze-dried to obtain the modified water-absorbing composite material. Example

[0026] A method for preparing a low-temperature water-based fire extinguishing agent includes the following steps: Weigh out 68 parts by weight of water and 4 parts by weight of surfactant, which consists of sodium dodecyl diphenyl ether disulfonate and Tween-80 in a mass ratio of 4:1. Heat the mixture to 55°C and stir. Then add 6 parts by weight of antifreeze and 16 parts by weight of modified water-absorbing composite material. The antifreeze is obtained by mixing inorganic salt calcium chloride, corrosion inhibitor sodium tripolyphosphate, and ethylene glycol in a mass ratio of 5:1:4. Stir the mixture at a rate of 400 r / min for 16 min. Then add 1.4 parts by weight of foaming agent sodium lauryl sulfoacetate and 2.4 parts by weight of stabilizer sodium benzoate. Stir the mixture at a rate of 260 r / min for 6 min to obtain a low-temperature water-based fire extinguishing agent.

[0027] The preparation method of the modified water-absorbing composite material includes the following steps: (1) Nano-calcium carbonate was ultrasonically dispersed in an ethanol solution. After uniform dispersion, 2-aminopent-4-enoic acid was added. The mass ratio of nano-calcium carbonate, ethanol solution, and 2-aminopent-4-enoic acid was 100:2200:24. The mixture was stirred and mixed evenly. The ethanol solution consisted of anhydrous ethanol and deionized water in a volume ratio of 9:1. The temperature was raised to 65°C and the reaction was carried out for 4 hours. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water, and vacuum dried at 60°C for 12 hours to obtain modified calcium carbonate. (2) Mix ethanol solution, modified calcium carbonate and ammonium polyphosphate in a mass ratio of 1000:100:62 evenly. The ethanol solution is composed of anhydrous ethanol and deionized water in a volume ratio of 1:3. Heat the mixture to 65°C and react for 6 hours. After the reaction is complete, filter the mixture, wash it with deionized water, and dry it at 80°C for 12 hours to obtain alkenyl modified flame retardant. (3) N-isopropylacrylamide and deionized water were mixed evenly, sodium alginate was added, and the mixture was stirred evenly. Under a nitrogen atmosphere, alkenyl modified flame retardant, crosslinking agent methylenebisacrylamide, initiator ammonium persulfate and accelerator N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine were added. The mass ratio of N-isopropylacrylamide, deionized water, sodium alginate, alkenyl modified flame retardant, crosslinking agent, initiator and accelerator was 100:1300:24:22:28:1.8:2.8. The mixture was stirred and stirred, and the reaction was carried out at 60°C for 5 hours. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was washed by dialysis, filtered, purified and freeze-dried to obtain the modified water-absorbing composite material. Example

[0028] A method for preparing a low-temperature water-based fire extinguishing agent includes the following steps: Weigh out 68 parts by weight of water and 4 parts by weight of surfactant, which consists of sodium dodecyl diphenyl ether disulfonate and Tween-80 in a mass ratio of 4:1. Heat the mixture to 55°C and stir. Then add 6 parts by weight of antifreeze and 16 parts by weight of modified water-absorbing composite material. The antifreeze is obtained by mixing inorganic salt calcium chloride, corrosion inhibitor sodium tripolyphosphate, and ethylene glycol in a mass ratio of 5:1:4. Stir the mixture at a rate of 400 r / min for 16 min. Then add 1.4 parts by weight of foaming agent sodium lauryl sulfoacetate and 2.4 parts by weight of stabilizer sodium benzoate. Stir the mixture at a rate of 260 r / min for 6 min to obtain a low-temperature water-based fire extinguishing agent.

[0029] The preparation method of the modified water-absorbing composite material includes the following steps: (1) Nano-calcium carbonate was ultrasonically dispersed in an ethanol solution. After uniform dispersion, 2-aminopent-4-enoic acid was added. The mass ratio of nano-calcium carbonate, ethanol solution, and 2-aminopent-4-enoic acid was 100:2400:28. The mixture was stirred and mixed evenly. The ethanol solution consisted of anhydrous ethanol and deionized water in a volume ratio of 9:1. The temperature was raised to 75°C and the reaction was carried out for 4 hours. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water, and vacuum dried at 60°C for 12 hours to obtain modified calcium carbonate. (2) Mix ethanol solution, modified calcium carbonate and ammonium polyphosphate in a mass ratio of 1100:100:70 evenly. The ethanol solution is composed of anhydrous ethanol and deionized water in a volume ratio of 1:3. Heat the mixture to 65°C and react for 7 hours. After the reaction is complete, filter the mixture, wash it with deionized water, and dry it at 80°C for 12 hours to obtain alkenyl modified flame retardant. (3) N-isopropylacrylamide and deionized water were mixed evenly, sodium alginate was added, and the mixture was stirred evenly. Under a nitrogen atmosphere, alkenyl modified flame retardant, crosslinking agent methylenebisacrylamide, initiator ammonium persulfate and accelerator N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine were added. The mass ratio of N-isopropylacrylamide, deionized water, sodium alginate, alkenyl modified flame retardant, crosslinking agent, initiator and accelerator was 100:1400:28:32:34:2.5:3.6. The mixture was stirred and mixed, and the reaction was carried out at 60°C for 5 hours. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was washed by dialysis, filtered, purified and freeze-dried to obtain the modified water-absorbing composite material. Example

[0030] A method for preparing a low-temperature water-based fire extinguishing agent includes the following steps: Weigh out 80 parts by weight of water and 5 parts by weight of surfactant, which consists of sodium dodecyl diphenyl ether disulfonate and Tween-80 in a mass ratio of 4:1. Heat the mixture to 55°C and stir. Then add 7 parts by weight of antifreeze and 18 parts by weight of modified water-absorbing composite material. The antifreeze is obtained by mixing inorganic salt calcium chloride, corrosion inhibitor sodium tripolyphosphate, and ethylene glycol in a mass ratio of 5:1:4. Stir the mixture at a rate of 420 r / min for 18 min. Then add 1.8 parts by weight of foaming agent sodium lauryl sulfoacetate and 2.8 parts by weight of stabilizer sodium benzoate. Stir the mixture at a rate of 280 r / min for 8 min to obtain a low-temperature water-based fire extinguishing agent.

[0031] The preparation method of the modified water-absorbing composite material in this embodiment is the same as that in Example 3. Example

[0032] A method for preparing a low-temperature water-based fire extinguishing agent includes the following steps: Weigh out 85 parts water and 6 parts surfactant by weight. The surfactant is composed of sodium dodecyl diphenyl ether disulfonate and Tween-80 in a mass ratio of 4:1. Heat the mixture to 60°C and stir. Then add 8 parts antifreeze and 20 parts modified water-absorbing composite material. The antifreeze is prepared by mixing inorganic salt calcium chloride, corrosion inhibitor sodium tripolyphosphate, and ethylene glycol in a mass ratio of 5:1:4. Stir the mixture at a rate of 450 r / min for 15 min. Then add 2 parts foaming agent sodium lauryl sulfoacetate and 3 parts stabilizer sodium benzoate. Stir the mixture at a rate of 300 r / min for 5 min to obtain a low-temperature water-based fire extinguishing agent.

[0033] The preparation method of the modified water-absorbing composite material includes the following steps: (1) Nano-calcium carbonate was ultrasonically dispersed in an ethanol solution. After uniform dispersion, 2-aminopent-4-enoic acid was added. The mass ratio of nano-calcium carbonate, ethanol solution, and 2-aminopent-4-enoic acid was 100:2500:30. The mixture was stirred and mixed evenly. The ethanol solution consisted of anhydrous ethanol and deionized water in a volume ratio of 9:1. The temperature was raised to 80°C and the reaction was carried out for 3 hours. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, washed with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water, and vacuum dried at 60°C for 12 hours to obtain modified calcium carbonate. (2) Mix ethanol solution, modified calcium carbonate and ammonium polyphosphate in a mass ratio of 1200:100:75 evenly. The ethanol solution is composed of anhydrous ethanol and deionized water in a volume ratio of 1:3. Heat the mixture to 70°C and react for 5 hours. After the reaction is complete, filter the mixture, wash it with deionized water, and dry it at 80°C for 12 hours to obtain alkenyl modified flame retardant. (3) N-isopropylacrylamide and deionized water were mixed evenly, sodium alginate was added, and the mixture was stirred evenly. Under a nitrogen atmosphere, alkenyl modified flame retardant, crosslinking agent methylenebisacrylamide, initiator ammonium persulfate and accelerator N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine were added. The mass ratio of N-isopropylacrylamide, deionized water, sodium alginate, alkenyl modified flame retardant, crosslinking agent, initiator and accelerator was 100:1500:30:35:35:3:4. The mixture was stirred and reacted at 65°C for 4 hours. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was washed by dialysis, filtered, purified and freeze-dried to obtain the modified water-absorbing composite material.

[0034] Experimental Example 1: To verify the technical effect of the low-temperature water-based fire extinguishing agent described in this invention, a systematic performance test was conducted on the samples prepared in Examples 1 to 5. The test was mainly conducted in accordance with the relevant provisions of the national standard GB17835-2008 "Water-based Fire Extinguishing Agents", focusing on the low-temperature stability, fire extinguishing efficiency and physical properties of the product.

[0035] 1. Test methods and conditions The Class A fire test method was used to evaluate fire extinguishing efficiency, specifically: Firstly, according to Figure 1 The process flow shown in Examples 1-5 is used to prepare the low-temperature water-based fire extinguishing agent. Wooden strips with dimensions of 10mm × 10mm × 96mm are stacked in layers (5 strips per layer, 10 layers in total). A combustion pan containing acetone is placed under the stack. After igniting the acetone to pre-ignite the stack for 1 minute, the fire extinguishing agent prepared according to this invention is used for extinguishing the fire. The application rate of the fire extinguishing agent is kept constant at 1L / min. The temperature field changes are recorded using an infrared thermal imager throughout the entire fire extinguishing process. Each experiment is performed in triplicate, and the average value is taken.

[0036] Meanwhile, key performance indicators such as the freezing point, low-temperature storage stability (at -26℃), and surface tension of the extinguishing agent were tested according to standard methods.

[0037] 2. Test Results and Analysis Table 1. Performance test results of the low-temperature water-based fire extinguishing agents prepared in Examples 1-5

[0038] The experimental results are shown in Table 1. The freezing point of all examples was below -29℃, with the freezing point of Example 4 as low as -33.4℃. Under the low-temperature storage conditions of -26℃, no segregation, stratification or heterogeneity was observed in any of the samples. This indicates that the present invention, through the compounding of specific antifreeze agents (calcium chloride, sodium tripolyphosphate, and ethylene glycol) and the stabilizing effect of modified water-absorbing composite materials, completely solves the technical problem of easy solidification and failure of traditional water-based fire extinguishing agents in low-temperature environments. It fully meets the requirements for use and storage in high-altitude and cold regions and has excellent low-temperature stability.

[0039] The extinguishing time of all samples ranged from 4.8 seconds to 6.5 seconds, which was significantly better than conventional water-based extinguishing agents. This was mainly attributed to: 1) the lower surface tension (15.4~16.4 mN / m), which enhanced the extinguishing agent's ability to wet and penetrate the burning material; 2) the synergistic effect of nano-calcium carbonate and ammonium polyphosphate in the modified water-absorbing composite material in absorbing heat, cooling, isolating oxygen, and interrupting the combustion chain; and 3) the rapid formation of the foam layer effectively isolated oxygen. These factors worked together to achieve rapid fire extinguishing and good resistance to reignition, resulting in highly efficient fire extinguishing performance.

[0040] The fire extinguishing agent provided by this invention has an ultra-low freezing point, while also taking into account rapid fire extinguishing, storage stability and environmental friendliness (the raw materials used are environmentally friendly and non-toxic). Its performance comprehensively surpasses the existing products mentioned in the background art, demonstrating outstanding technological progress and practicality, and its overall performance is outstanding.

[0041] The above test results fully demonstrate that the low-temperature water-based fire extinguishing agent and its preparation method provided by the present invention, through optimized component design and compounding, successfully achieves a balance of low-temperature stability, fire extinguishing efficiency, environmental friendliness and economy, and is especially suitable for fighting various fires in low-temperature and frigid environments, with broad prospects for industrial application.

[0042] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0043] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0044] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above. This description is not restrictive. The accompanying drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention. The actual structure is not limited to this. In short, if a person skilled in the art is inspired by this description and designs a similar structure and embodiment without departing from the spirit of the present invention, such design should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-temperature water-based fire extinguishing agent, characterized in that, The raw materials include the following parts by weight: 3-6 parts surfactant, 2-3 parts stabilizer, 5-8 parts antifreeze, 15-20 parts modified water-absorbing composite material, 60-85 parts water, and 1-2 parts foaming agent.

2. The low-temperature water-based fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surfactant is composed of sodium dodecyl diphenyl ether disulfonate and Tween-80 in a mass ratio of 4:1; the stabilizer is sodium benzoate; the foaming agent is sodium lauryl sulfoacetate; sodium dodecyl diphenyl ether disulfonate is an anionic surfactant, and Tween-80 is a nonionic surfactant and emulsifier. The combination of the two can significantly reduce the surface tension of water, improve the wetting and penetration ability of the extinguishing agent, and at the same time have excellent dispersion and emulsification effects, preventing the extinguishing agent from stratifying and settling. Sodium benzoate can effectively prevent the extinguishing agent from stratifying and precipitating during storage and use, ensuring the stability of the extinguishing agent; sodium lauryl sulfoacetate can generate a large number of tiny bubbles at the water-air interface, forming a stable foam layer that isolates oxygen and further enhances the extinguishing effect.

3. The low-temperature water-based fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antifreeze is obtained by mixing inorganic salt calcium chloride, corrosion inhibitor sodium tripolyphosphate, and ethylene glycol in a mass ratio of 5:1:

4. Calcium chloride, as an inorganic salt antifreeze, can effectively lower the freezing point of water and prevent the extinguishing agent from freezing at low temperatures. Sodium tripolyphosphate not only has a corrosion inhibitor effect, protecting fire-fighting equipment from corrosion, but also works synergistically with calcium chloride to further enhance the antifreeze effect and prevent scale formation. Ethylene glycol, as a highly efficient antifreeze, can significantly lower the freezing point of water and decompose at high temperatures to produce inert gas, helping to isolate oxygen and improve fire extinguishing efficiency. The synergistic effect of the three ensures that the extinguishing agent does not solidify or separate in low-temperature environments, guaranteeing its normal use.

4. The low-temperature water-based fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the modified water-absorbing composite material includes the following steps: N-isopropylacrylamide and deionized water are mixed evenly, sodium alginate is added, and the mixture is stirred and mixed evenly. Under a nitrogen atmosphere, an alkenyl modified flame retardant, a crosslinking agent, an initiator, and a accelerator are added, stirred and mixed, and a reaction occurs. After the reaction is completed, the mixture is washed by dialysis, filtered, purified, and freeze-dried to obtain the modified water-absorbing composite material.

5. A low-temperature water-based fire extinguishing agent according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mass ratio of N-isopropylacrylamide, deionized water, sodium alginate, alkenyl modified flame retardant, crosslinking agent, initiator, and accelerator is 100:(1200-1500):(20-30):(15-35):(25-35):(1-3):(2-4), the reaction temperature is 55-65℃, and the reaction time is 4-6h.

6. The low-temperature water-based fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crosslinking agent is methylenebisacrylamide, the accelerator is N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, and the initiator is ammonium persulfate. Methylenebisacrylamide can promote the crosslinking reaction of each raw material, form a uniform network structure, and improve the stability of the modified water-absorbing composite material. Ammonium persulfate acts as an initiator to initiate the cross-linking reaction, while N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine acts as a promoter to accelerate the reaction process and ensure that the reaction proceeds fully.

7. The low-temperature water-based fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the alkenyl-modified flame retardant includes the following steps: S1. Disperse nano-calcium carbonate in an ethanol solution by ultrasonication. After the dispersion is uniform, add 2-aminopent-4-enoic acid, stir and mix evenly, heat up to allow the reaction to occur, filter after the reaction is complete, wash with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water, and dry under vacuum at 60℃ for 12h to obtain modified calcium carbonate. S2. Mix the ethanol solution, modified calcium carbonate, and ammonium polyphosphate evenly, heat to allow the reaction to occur, filter after the reaction is complete, wash with deionized water, and dry at 80℃ for 12 hours to obtain the alkenyl-modified flame retardant.

8. A low-temperature water-based fire extinguishing agent according to claim 7, characterized in that: The mass ratio of nano-calcium carbonate, ethanol solution, and 2-aminopent-4-enoic acid in S1 is 100:(2000-2500):(20-30), the reaction temperature is 60-80℃, and the reaction time is 3-5h. The ethanol solution in S1 is composed of anhydrous ethanol and deionized water in a volume ratio of 9:1, which can ensure that nano-calcium carbonate and 2-aminopent-4-enoic acid are fully dispersed and promote the uniform reaction.

9. A low-temperature water-based fire extinguishing agent according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the S2 reaction, the mass ratio of ethanol solution, modified calcium carbonate, and ammonium polyphosphate is (900-1200):100:(55-75), the reaction temperature is 60-70℃, and the reaction time is 5-8h. The ethanol solution in the S2 is composed of anhydrous ethanol and deionized water in a volume ratio of 1:3, which can promote the full reaction between modified calcium carbonate and ammonium polyphosphate and improve the flame retardant performance of the alkenyl modified flame retardant.

10. A method for preparing a low-temperature water-based fire extinguishing agent according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: The process includes the following steps: weigh water and surfactant, heat to 50-60℃, stir and mix, then add antifreeze and modified water-absorbing composite material, stir and mix at a rate of 350-450 r / min, after 15-20 min, add foaming agent and stabilizer, stir and mix at a rate of 250-300 r / min, stir and mix for 5-10 min to obtain a low-temperature water-based fire extinguishing agent.

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