An automatic dust falling device based on intelligent building

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of automatic dust fall, and particularly relates to an automatic dust fall equipment based on intelligent buildings, which comprises a base, a docking table, a cylindrical pipe, a slow-pressure water conveying mechanism, a gas pressure hole cleaning mechanism and a multidirectional dust fall mechanism. The docking table is arranged on the upper wall of the base, and the cylindrical pipe is arranged on the upper wall of the docking table. The slow-pressure water conveying mechanism comprises a water pressure assembly and a buffer assembly. The water pressure assembly is arranged on the inner wall of the bottom of the cylindrical pipe, and the buffer assembly is arranged above the water pressure assembly. The gas pressure hole cleaning mechanism comprises an air charging assembly, a gas jetting assembly and a water guide assembly. The automatic dust fall equipment based on intelligent buildings can realize regular automatic cleaning of the spray head, buffer water supply pipe network water pressure fluctuation and suppression of vertical rod resonance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of automated dust suppression technology, specifically referring to an automated dust suppression device based on smart buildings. Background Technology

[0002] During the construction of intelligent buildings, activities such as earthwork excavation, surface exposure, and building construction often generate significant dust, which not only threatens the health of workers but also negatively impacts urban air quality. Therefore, dust suppression equipment is needed to promptly handle the dust.

[0003] Current automated dust suppression equipment based on smart buildings has the following problems: Existing high-pole dust suppression equipment requires workers to disassemble and clean the atomizing nozzles at height when they become clogged. This is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and poses significant safety hazards. The equipment also lacks a periodic automatic nozzle cleaning function. Traditional high-pole dust suppression columns lack a water pressure buffer structure. Fluctuations in water pressure in the water supply network can easily cause the column to resonate with the water pressure fluctuations, resulting in significant swaying of the column and reducing the stability of dust suppression spraying at the construction site. In summary, existing dust suppression equipment in construction sites is insufficient to meet the automation needs of smart construction sites. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the above situation and to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this solution provides an automated dust suppression device based on smart buildings that can achieve periodic automated cleaning of nozzles, buffer water pressure fluctuations in the water supply network, and suppress pole resonance.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this plan is as follows: This plan proposes an automated dust suppression device based on smart buildings, including a base, a docking platform, a cylindrical tube, a pressure-reducing water supply mechanism, a compressed air cleaning mechanism, and a multi-directional dust suppression mechanism. The docking platform is located on the upper wall of the base, and the cylindrical tube is located on the upper wall of the docking platform. The pressure-reducing water supply mechanism includes a water-pressing component and a buffer component. The water-pressing component is located on the inner wall of the bottom of the cylindrical tube, and the buffer component is located above the water-pressing component. The compressed air cleaning mechanism includes an air-inflating component, a jet-airing component, and a water-guiding component. The air-inflating component is located on the upper wall of the cylindrical tube, the jet-airing component is located above the air-inflating component, and the water-guiding component is located on the inner wall of the top of the water-pressing component. The multi-directional dust suppression mechanism includes a water supply component and a spraying component. The water supply component is located on the top side wall of the water-pressing component, and the spraying component is located on the upper wall of the air-inflating component.

[0006] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water-pressing assembly includes a water supply pipe, a water-pressing ring plate, and a water-pressing spring. The water supply pipe passes through the base, the docking platform, and the cylindrical tube. The water-pressing ring plate is slidably disposed on the inner wall of the cylindrical tube above the water supply pipe. The water-pressing spring is disposed between the water-pressing ring plate and the upper wall of the water supply pipe. The buffer assembly includes a strong magnet, a sealing ring, and a piston plate. The strong magnet is slidably disposed on the inner wall of the cylindrical tube above the water-pressing ring plate and is in contact with the upper wall of the water-pressing ring plate. The piston plate is disposed on the upper wall of the strong magnet. The sealing ring is disposed on the outer side of the piston plate and is in contact with the inner wall of the cylindrical tube.

[0007] During installation, the base is fixed at the construction dust suppression point, and the water supply pipe is connected to the construction site's water supply network. In the initial state of the equipment, the water pressure spring is in a compressed state, and the attracting magnet is magnetically attracted to the upper end of the water pressure ring plate. The sealing ring is tightly fitted to the inner wall of the cylindrical tube. Water from the water supply network is sent into the inner cavity of the cylindrical tube through the water supply pipe. As the water pressure at the bottom of the cylindrical tube gradually increases, the water pressure overcomes the spring force of the water pressure spring and pushes the attracting magnet and piston plate upward. The water pressure spring is further compressed and stores energy, and the spring's rebound force continues to increase. When the reset force of the water pressure spring is greater than the magnetic attraction force between the attracting magnet and the water pressure ring plate, the attracting magnet and the water pressure ring plate separate. The water pressure spring releases its elastic potential energy and drives the water pressure ring plate to fall back to its reset position. After being released from the limit of the water pressure ring plate, the high-pressure water flow continues to impact the attracting magnet and piston plate, causing them to move upward. The piston plate squeezes the gas in the upper space of the cylindrical tube.

[0008] Preferably, the inflation assembly includes a lower hemisphere, an inflation tube, and a fixing platform. The fixing platform is disposed on the upper wall of the cylindrical tube, the lower hemisphere is disposed on the upper wall of the fixing platform, and the inflation tube passes through the fixing platform and is connected between the lower hemisphere and the cylindrical tube. The air jet assembly includes a convex plate, an airbag bulb, a one-way air jet valve, and a one-way air intake valve. The convex plate is disposed on the inner wall of the opening of the lower hemisphere, the airbag bulb is connected to the upper wall of the inflation tube, and the airbag bulb is located between the convex plate and the lower hemisphere. Inside the cavity formed by the spherical assembly, multiple sets of one-way jet valves are connected and disposed on the upper wall of the convex spherical plate, and the one-way air intake valve is connected and disposed on the side wall of the lower hemisphere; the water guiding assembly includes a sealing sleeve, a sealing spring, and a locking ring groove. The sealing sleeve is slidably disposed on the inner wall of the top of the cylindrical tube, and the sealing sleeve is through-hole disposed. The sealing spring is disposed between the sealing sleeve and the top wall of the cylindrical tube. The locking ring groove is disposed on the upper wall of the piston plate, and the locking ring groove is open on both sides.

[0009] In use, the gas at the top of the cylindrical tube is pushed into the airbag through the inflation tube. The airbag bulges and deforms, squeezing out the gas inside the cavity formed by the lower hemisphere and the convex plate. The impact gas is ejected through the one-way jet valve. Under the continuous push of the water flow, the piston plate rises and fits against the bottom wall of the sealing sleeve. The piston plate uses the elastic deformation of the sealing spring to push the sealing sleeve to rise.

[0010] As the piston plate moves upward, it forces the gas at the top of the cylindrical tube into the airbag bulb through the inflation tube. The airbag bulb expands and deforms under the pressure, squeezing the air inside the cavity where the lower hemisphere and the convex plate enclose. The high-pressure gas inside the cavity is then ejected directionally through the one-way jet valve. The piston plate continues to move upward until its lower end face contacts the bottom surface of the sealing sleeve. The piston plate then pushes the sealing sleeve upward to compress the sealing spring.

[0011] Specifically, the water supply assembly includes a water supply connector and a water supply pipe. Multiple sets of the water supply connectors are connected and disposed on the top side wall of the cylindrical pipe, and the water supply pipe is connected and disposed at the end of the water supply connector away from the cylindrical pipe. The spraying assembly includes an upper hemisphere, a spraying chamber, and a high-pressure atomizing nozzle. The upper hemisphere is disposed on the upper wall of the lower hemisphere. The end of the water supply pipe away from the water supply connector passes through the upper hemisphere and communicates with the spraying chamber. The spraying chamber is disposed between the upper hemisphere and the convex plate. Multiple sets of the high-pressure atomizing nozzles are connected and disposed on the upper wall of the upper hemisphere. The high-pressure atomizing nozzles and the one-way jet valve are coaxially and horizontally arranged.

[0012] After the sealing sleeve is lifted by the piston plate, the connection between the water supply connector and the cylindrical pipe is opened. The water inside the cylindrical pipe flows into the water supply pipe through the water supply connector and is then transported to the spraying chamber. The water is atomized and sprayed out through the high-pressure atomizing nozzle to achieve dust adsorption and dust reduction at the construction site.

[0013] The beneficial effects achieved by this solution using the above structure are as follows: Compared with existing technologies, this solution combines a pressure-reducing water delivery mechanism, a compressed air cleaning mechanism, and a multi-directional dust suppression mechanism. Through the setting of water pressure components, buffer components, air filling components, air jet components, water guiding components, water supply components, and spraying components, the water pressure of the pipeline supply is used as a power source to convert water energy into high-pressure airflow, which coaxially and in reverse blows the high-pressure atomizing nozzles. The instantaneous high-pressure airflow clears the blocked nozzles, realizing automatic high-altitude periodic cleaning of the nozzles without manual intervention. When the water supply network experiences sudden increases in water pressure or water hammer, the airbag absorbs the kinetic energy of the water pressure impact through its own elastic deformation, buffers the sudden changes in network pressure, reduces the probability of the column being subjected to water pressure impact and causing resonance and shaking, ensures the stability of the pole installation, and improves the efficiency of dust control at the construction site. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this solution; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the combined structure of the water supply component, spraying component and air inflation component in this solution; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the combined structure of the base and the pressure-reducing water conveyance mechanism in this scheme; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the combined structure of the water pressure component and the buffer component in this solution; Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the water guiding component in this solution; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the jet assembly in this solution; Figure 7 This is the main view of this solution; Figure 8 This is a top view of the plan; Figure 9 for Figure 7 Sectional view of AA section; Figure 10 for Figure 9 Enlarged structural view of section I; Figure 11 for Figure 9 Enlarged structural view of Part II.

[0015] The components are as follows: 1. Base, 2. Docking platform, 3. Columnar tube, 4. Pressure-relieving water supply mechanism, 5. Water-pressurizing assembly, 6. Water supply pipe, 7. Water-pressurizing ring plate, 8. Water-pressurizing spring, 9. Buffer assembly, 10. Attracting strong magnet, 11. Sealing ring, 12. Piston plate, 13. Air-pressurized hole-clearing mechanism, 14. Inflation assembly, 15. Lower hemisphere, 16. Inflation pipe, 17. Fixed platform, 18. Air jet assembly, 19. Convex ball plate, 20. Airbag ball, 21. One-way air jet valve, 22. One-way air inlet valve, 23. Multi-directional dust suppression mechanism, 24. Water supply assembly, 25. Water supply connector, 26. Water supply pipe, 27. Spraying assembly, 28. Upper hemisphere, 29. Spraying chamber, 30. High-pressure atomizing nozzle, 31. Water guiding assembly, 32. Sealing sleeve, 33. Sealing spring, 34. Engaging ring groove.

[0016] The accompanying drawings are provided to further understand the present solution and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the present solution to explain the present solution and do not constitute a limitation thereof. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions in this embodiment will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this solution, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this solution without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this solution.

[0018] In the description of this solution, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this solution and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this solution.

[0019] like Figures 1-11 As shown, this solution proposes an automated dust suppression device based on smart buildings, including a base 1, a docking platform 2, a cylindrical tube 3, a pressure-reducing water supply mechanism 4, a compressed air cleaning mechanism 13, and a multi-directional dust suppression mechanism 23. The docking platform 2 is located on the upper wall of the base 1, and the cylindrical tube 3 is located on the upper wall of the docking platform 2. The pressure-reducing water supply mechanism 4 includes a water-pressing component 5 and a buffer component 9. The water-pressing component 5 is located on the bottom inner wall of the cylindrical tube 3, and the buffer component 9 is located above the water-pressing component 5. The compressed air cleaning mechanism 13 includes an air-inflating component 14, a jet-air component 18, and a water-guiding component 31. The air-inflating component 14 is located on the upper wall of the cylindrical tube 3, the jet-air component 18 is located above the air-inflating component 14, and the water-guiding component 31 is located on the top inner wall of the water-pressing component 5. The multi-directional dust suppression mechanism 23 includes a water supply component 24 and a spraying component 27. The water supply component 24 is located on the top side wall of the water-pressing component 5, and the spraying component 27 is located on the upper wall of the air-inflating component 14.

[0020] The water-pressing assembly 5 includes a water supply pipe 6, a water-pressing ring plate 7, and a water-pressing spring 8. The water supply pipe 6 passes through the base 1, the docking platform 2, and the cylindrical tube 3. The water-pressing ring plate 7 is slidably disposed on the inner wall of the cylindrical tube 3 above the water supply pipe 6. The water-pressing spring 8 is disposed between the water-pressing ring plate 7 and the upper wall of the water supply pipe 6. The buffer assembly 9 includes a strong magnet 10, a sealing ring 11, and a piston plate 12. The strong magnet 10 is slidably disposed on the inner wall of the cylindrical tube 3 above the water-pressing ring plate 7, and the strong magnet 10 is in contact with the upper wall of the water-pressing ring plate 7. The piston plate 12 is disposed on the upper wall of the strong magnet 10. The sealing ring 11 is disposed on the outer side of the piston plate 12, and the sealing ring 11 is in contact with the inner wall of the cylindrical tube 3.

[0021] The inflation assembly 14 includes a lower hemisphere 15, an inflation tube 16, and a fixing platform 17. The fixing platform 17 is located on the upper wall of the cylindrical tube 3, and the lower hemisphere 15 is located on the upper wall of the fixing platform 17. The inflation tube 16 passes through the fixing platform 17 and is connected between the lower hemisphere 15 and the cylindrical tube 3. The jet assembly 18 includes a convex ball plate 19, an airbag ball 20, a one-way jet valve 21, and a one-way air intake valve 22. The convex ball plate 19 is located on the inner wall of the opening of the lower hemisphere 15, and the airbag ball 20 is connected to the upper wall of the inflation tube 16, with the airbag ball 20 located on the convex ball plate 19. Inside the cavity formed by the combination with the lower hemisphere 15, multiple sets of one-way jet valves 21 are connected to the upper wall of the convex spherical plate 19, and one-way air inlet valves 22 are connected to the side wall of the lower hemisphere 15; the water guiding assembly 31 includes a sealing sleeve 32, a sealing spring 33, and a locking ring groove 34. The sealing sleeve 32 is slidably disposed on the inner wall of the top of the cylindrical tube 3, and the sealing sleeve 32 is through-hole disposed. The sealing spring 33 is disposed between the sealing sleeve 32 and the top wall of the cylindrical tube 3. The locking ring groove 34 is disposed on the upper wall of the piston plate 12, and the locking ring groove 34 is open on both sides.

[0022] The water supply assembly 24 includes a water supply connector 25 and a water supply pipe 26. Multiple sets of the water supply connectors 25 are connected and disposed on the top side wall of the cylindrical pipe 3. The water supply pipe 26 is connected and disposed at the end of the water supply connector 25 away from the cylindrical pipe 3. The spraying assembly 27 includes an upper hemisphere 28, a spraying chamber 29, and a high-pressure atomizing nozzle 30. The upper hemisphere 28 is disposed on the upper wall of the lower hemisphere 15. The end of the water supply pipe 26 away from the water supply connector 25 passes through the upper hemisphere 28 and is connected to the spraying chamber 29. The spraying chamber 29 is disposed between the upper hemisphere 28 and the convex plate 19. Multiple sets of the high-pressure atomizing nozzle 30 are connected and disposed on the upper wall of the upper hemisphere 28. The high-pressure atomizing nozzle 30 and the one-way jet valve 21 are coaxially and horizontally arranged.

[0023] In practical use, the columnar tube 3 is welded and fixed to the docking platform 2. The docking platform 2 is locked and fixed to the base 1 by bolts and flanges. The lower hemisphere 15 and the upper hemisphere 28 are assembled with flange bolts for sealing. The base 1 is fastened to the dust control point of the construction site. The water supply pipe 6 is connected to the water supply network of the construction site. The water pressure spring 8 is compressed and stores energy. The strong magnet 10 attracts the water pressure ring plate 7 by magnetic force. The airbag ball 20 is in a deflated and contracted state. The sealing ring 11 is sealed and fitted to the inner wall of the cylindrical tube 3. The sealing spring 33 naturally extends. The sealing sleeve 32 seals the connection between the water supply connector 25 and the cylindrical tube 3, and the water circuit is cut off. Through the smart construction site dust online monitoring system, the system adjusts the start and stop of the pipeline water supply according to the real-time dust concentration data on site, thereby controlling the equipment spraying operation. After the water supply network is connected, the water is sent to the bottom of the cylindrical pipe 3 through the water delivery pipe 6. The water pressure gradually increases and overcomes the elastic force of the water pressure spring 8, pushing the strong magnet 10 and piston plate 12 upward. The water pressure spring 8 continues to extend and the rebound force continues to increase. When the elastic force of the water pressure spring 8 is greater than the magnetic attraction force, the strong magnet 10 separates from the water pressure ring plate 7. The rebound of the water pressure spring 8 drives the water pressure ring plate 7 back to its original position. After the water pressure ring plate 7 is no longer limited, the high-pressure water flow continues to push the piston plate 12 upward, squeezing the gas at the top of the cylindrical pipe 3 and forcing it into the airbag ball 20 through the inflation pipe 16. The airbag ball 20 inflates and expands, squeezing the air inside the cavity. The high-pressure gas is coaxially injected into the high-pressure atomizing nozzle 30 through the one-way jet valve 21. The instantaneous high-pressure airflow clears the blockage of the high-pressure atomizing nozzle 30 and completes the automatic unblocking. The piston plate 12 continues to move upward, lifting the sealing sleeve 32 and compressing the sealing spring 33. The water supply connector 25 opens, and the water flows through the water supply connector 25 and the water supply pipe 26 in sequence before entering the spray chamber 29. Finally, the water is atomized by the high-pressure atomizing nozzle 30 and sprayed outward to adsorb dust in the air and achieve dust suppression. When the water pressure in the construction site's water supply network experiences instantaneous surges or water hammer, the excess water pressure pushes the piston plate 12 upwards again, and the excess gas is forced into the airbag ball 20. The airbag ball 20 uses its own elastic deformation to buffer the water pressure impact, absorb the kinetic energy of the water hammer, reduce the resonance sway amplitude of the column tube 3, and ensure the stability of the pole. After the water supply network is shut off, the water inside the cylindrical tube 3 flows back, the piston plate 12 and the magnetic attraction 10 fall downwards with the decrease in water pressure, the airbag ball 20 contracts and returns to its original state, and the internal gas flows back to the upper part of the cylindrical tube 3. After the airbag ball 20 contracts, the internal space of the lower hemisphere 15 becomes larger, and outside air is replenished into the cavity through the one-way air inlet valve 22, reserving an air source for the next air storage and jet. A filter screen can be installed at the inlet end of the one-way air inlet valve 22 to prevent dust and impurities from entering the cavity. When water is supplied again, the above cycle is repeated to continuously achieve automatic unblocking and pressure stabilization and dust reduction.

[0024] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms “comprising,” “including,” or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0025] The present solution and its implementation methods have been described above. This description is not restrictive, and the accompanying drawings are only one embodiment of the present solution; the actual structure is not limited to this. In conclusion, if a person skilled in the art, inspired by this description, designs a similar structure and embodiment without departing from the inventive intent of this solution, such design should fall within the protection scope of this solution.

Claims

1. An automated dust suppression device based on smart buildings, comprising a base, a docking platform, and a cylindrical tube, characterized in that: It also includes a pressure-reducing water delivery mechanism, a compressed air cleaning mechanism, and a multi-directional dust suppression mechanism. The docking platform is located on the upper wall of the base, and the cylindrical tube is located on the upper wall of the docking platform. The pressure-reducing water delivery mechanism includes a water-pressing component and a buffer component. The water-pressing component is located on the inner wall of the bottom of the cylindrical tube, and the buffer component is located above the water-pressing component. The compressed air cleaning mechanism includes an air-inflating component, a jet-airing component, and a water-guiding component. The air-inflating component is located on the upper wall of the cylindrical tube, the jet-airing component is located above the air-inflating component, and the water-guiding component is located on the inner wall of the top of the water-pressing component. The multi-directional dust suppression mechanism includes a water supply component and a spraying component. The water supply component is located on the top side wall of the water-pressing component, and the spraying component is located on the upper wall of the air-inflating component. The water pressure assembly includes a water pressure ring plate; The buffer assembly includes an attractive magnet, a sealing ring, and a piston plate; A strong magnetic attraction is slidably mounted on the inner wall of a cylindrical tube above the pressure ring plate, a piston plate is mounted on the upper wall of the strong magnetic attraction, and a sealing ring is mounted on the outer side of the piston plate. The inflation assembly includes a lower hemisphere and an inflation tube; The jet assembly includes a convex ball plate, an airbag bulb, a one-way jet valve, and a one-way air intake valve; The convex ball plate is located on the inner wall of the opening of the lower hemisphere, the airbag ball is connected to the upper wall of the inflation tube, multiple sets of one-way jet valves are connected to the upper wall of the convex ball plate, and one-way air intake valves are connected to the side wall of the lower hemisphere. The water guiding assembly includes a sealing sleeve, a sealing spring, and a retaining ring groove; The sealing sleeve is slidably disposed on the inner wall of the top of the cylindrical tube, the sealing spring is disposed between the sealing sleeve and the top wall of the cylindrical tube, and the engaging ring groove is disposed on the upper wall of the piston plate.

2. The automated dust suppression equipment based on smart buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water pressure assembly also includes a water supply pipe and a water pressure spring. The water supply pipe passes through the base, the docking platform, and the cylindrical pipe. The water pressure ring plate is slidably disposed on the inner wall of the cylindrical pipe above the water supply pipe. The water pressure spring is disposed between the water pressure ring plate and the upper wall of the water supply pipe.

3. The automated dust suppression equipment based on smart buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The attracting magnet is attached to the upper wall of the water-pressing ring plate, and the sealing ring is attached to the inner wall of the cylindrical tube.

4. The automated dust suppression equipment based on smart buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inflation assembly also includes a fixed platform, which is located on the upper wall of the cylindrical tube. The lower hemisphere is located on the upper wall of the fixed platform, and the inflation tube passes through the fixed platform and is located between the lower hemisphere and the cylindrical tube.

5. An automated dust suppression device based on smart buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The airbag is located inside the cavity formed by the combination of the convex plate and the lower hemisphere.

6. An automated dust suppression device based on smart buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealing sleeve is through-hole shaped, and the engaging ring groove is open on both sides.

7. An automated dust suppression device based on smart buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water supply assembly includes a water supply connector and a water supply pipe. Multiple sets of the water supply connectors are connected and disposed on the top side wall of the cylindrical pipe, and the water supply pipe is connected and disposed at the end of the water supply connector away from the cylindrical pipe.

8. An automated dust suppression device based on smart buildings according to claim 7, characterized in that: The spraying assembly includes an upper hemisphere, a spraying chamber, and high-pressure atomizing nozzles. The upper hemisphere is located on the upper wall of the lower hemisphere. The end of the water supply pipe away from the water supply connector passes through the upper hemisphere and communicates with the spraying chamber. The spraying chamber is located between the upper hemisphere and the convex plate. Multiple sets of high-pressure atomizing nozzles are connected and located on the upper wall of the upper hemisphere. The high-pressure atomizing nozzles and the one-way jet valve are coaxially and horizontally arranged.

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