Composite processing of extraterrestrial ores by in situ crushing and pulverization

Abstract

The application provides a composite processing device and method for in-situ crushing and powdering of extraterrestrial ores, and belongs to the technical field of aerospace. The device solves the problems of poor crushing and grinding performance, high energy consumption and poor processing effect of extraterrestrial in-situ blocky mineral samples. The device comprises a thermal shock pre-cracking module, a vibration-assisted grinding and crushing module, and a vibration screening module. The thermal shock pre-cracking module is used for heating the input blocky mineral to induce cracks. The vibration-assisted grinding and crushing module comprises a rotary drive mechanism for driving the working grinding head to rotate to grind the mineral, and an impact drive mechanism for driving the working grinding head to perform high-frequency reciprocating motion along the axial direction to impact the mineral. The vibration screening module is used for receiving the ground powder and performing screening. The device has a compact structure, is suitable for crushing requirements of extraterrestrial blocky minerals, has low energy consumption, high crushing efficiency and good dissociation degree, and can effectively realize efficient crushing and powdering of extraterrestrial blocky minerals, thereby providing technical support for in-situ utilization of extraterrestrial resources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of aerospace technology, and in particular relates to a composite processing device and method for in-situ crushing and grinding of extraterrestrial ores. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous advancement of global deep space exploration projects, mineral resources on extraterrestrial bodies such as the Moon and asteroids have become the core target of deep space exploration and development. Various extraterrestrial minerals, as the main forms of extraterrestrial resources, are widely distributed and diverse in origin. They not only contain key geological information reflecting the evolutionary history of celestial bodies, but also have extremely high practical utilization value, serving as the core carrier for subsequent in-situ utilization of extraterrestrial resources.

[0003] At present, preliminary progress has been made in the detection and analysis of fine-particle samples in extraterrestrial mineral exploration, but in-situ processing technology for extraterrestrial ores is relatively lagging behind. Due to the special environment of extraterrestrial sites, it is impossible to bring large quantities of ores back to Earth for processing. Therefore, carrying out in-situ processing of extraterrestrial ores has become an urgent technical problem to be solved.

[0004] In-situ processing of extraterrestrial ores serves two purposes. First, it aims to obtain geological information and ore composition from the samples, enabling subsequent analysis and testing to uncover the laws governing celestial evolution. Second, its core purpose is to provide qualified raw materials for the subsequent utilization of extraterrestrial resources. For example, processing can yield uniform and fine ore powder or particles for in-situ metallurgical extraction of metal resources, preparation of building materials to support the construction of extraterrestrial bases, and so on, laying the foundation for long-term extraterrestrial residence and large-scale development.

[0005] Grinding technology has become the preferred method for in-situ processing of extraterrestrial ores due to its advantages such as ensuring fine and uniform particle size distribution, easy material collection, and long equipment life. However, given the strong mechanical properties of extraterrestrial ores, grinding technology alone cannot guarantee that the samples will be ground to the required particle size, and it is energy-intensive and inefficient, making it difficult to meet the requirements of processing efficiency, energy consumption control, and material quality for the utilization of extraterrestrial resources. Referring to thermal shock methods used in surface mining, it is extremely important to develop an extraterrestrial ore processing device that can achieve efficient coordination between thermal shock pre-fracture and subsequent crushing, and organically combine vibration impact and grinding crushing. This device can solve the pain points of poor coordination, high energy consumption, and unsatisfactory processing effect of existing technologies, and provide technical support for the in-situ analysis and subsequent resource utilization of extraterrestrial ores. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, in order to solve the problems of poor coordination between crushing, dissociation, grinding and powdering of extraterrestrial ore samples, high energy consumption and poor processing effect, this invention proposes a composite processing device and method for in-situ crushing and powdering of extraterrestrial ores. It has a compact structure, is adapted to the crushing needs of extraterrestrial ores, has low energy consumption, high crushing efficiency and good dissociation degree, and can effectively realize the efficient crushing and powdering of extraterrestrial ores, providing technical support for the in-situ utilization of extraterrestrial resources.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a composite processing method for in-situ crushing and grinding of extraterrestrial ores, comprising: The thermal shock pre-cracking module is used to heat the input ore to induce cracks; The vibration-assisted grinding and crushing module includes a working grinding head, a rotary drive mechanism, and an impact drive mechanism. The rotary drive mechanism is used to drive the working grinding head to rotate to grind the ore, and the impact drive mechanism is used to drive the working grinding head to reciprocate along the axial direction at high frequency to impact the ore. A vibrating screening module is located below the vibration-assisted grinding and crushing module, and is used to receive the ground powder and screen it. The feed and detection module includes a feed drive mechanism and a pressure detector. The feed drive mechanism is used to adjust the position of the vibration-assisted grinding and crushing module, and the pressure detector is used to monitor the grinding pressure in real time.

[0008] Preferably, the thermal shock pre-cracking module includes: The support box is equipped with an ore feed inlet; Microwave heating device for heating silicate ores with high dielectric loss; An induction heating device is used to heat iron-nickel-rich metallic ores. The microwave heating device and the induction heating device are selected for use based on the characteristics of the ore.

[0009] Preferably, the working grinding head has a conical structure, and its surface is inlaid with grinding head abrasive grains; the particle size of the grinding head abrasive grains is gradually distributed, with large-diameter abrasive grains distributed in the upper region of the grinding head and small-diameter abrasive grains distributed in the lower region; the vibration-assisted grinding and crushing module also includes a progressive adaptive grinding fixture, the inner wall of which is provided with a groove that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, so as to cooperate with the conical grinding head to realize adaptive clamping and progressive grinding of materials.

[0010] Preferably, the impact drive mechanism includes a mating motor, a pawl, and a splined shaft; the rotary drive mechanism includes a rotary motor; the mating motor is connected to the pawl; the working grinding head is connected to the splined shaft 3-6; and the splined shaft is driven by the rotary motor. When processing silicate ores, the rotary motor is started, and when the motor is stationary or reversed, a pure grinding mode is executed. When processing metallic ores, the rotary motor and the cooperating motor rotate in the same direction. Through the cooperation of the pawl and the spline shaft, the working grinding head is driven to generate axial vibration while rotating, thus executing the vibration-assisted grinding mode.

[0011] Preferably, the feed drive mechanism includes a feed drive motor, a feed drive gear, and a lead screw shaft. The feed drive gear is connected to the feed drive motor, and the pressure detector is fixed on the lead screw connector and located at the bottom of the vibration-assisted grinding and crushing module.

[0012] Preferably, it also includes a spare grinding head storage device for storing spare grinding heads of various specifications, and docking with the working grinding head to achieve automatic replacement.

[0013] Preferably, the spare grinding head storage device includes a spare grinding head storage slot and a translation mechanism. The spare grinding head storage slot stores a first spare grinding head and a second spare grinding head. The translation mechanism is used to drive the spare grinding head storage slot to move in a spatial rectangular coordinate system. The vibration-assisted grinding and crushing module also includes a grinding head replacement motor and a rotating connector. The rotating connector can drive the rotary motor and the working grinding head to rotate as a whole to align with the spare grinding head storage slot to complete the loading and unloading of the grinding head.

[0014] Preferably, the vibrating screening module includes multiple screen plates, each screen plate having a progressively smaller aperture from top to bottom. The vibrating screening module is also connected to a vibrating screening motor and vibrating screening damping springs.

[0015] A composite processing method for in-situ crushing and grinding of extraterrestrial ores includes the following steps: S1. Pre-fracture stage: Identify the ore type. If the ore is silicate matrix, use a microwave heating device for thermal shock pre-fracture; if the ore is metal matrix, use an induction heating device for thermal shock pre-fracture. S2. Grinding stage: The pre-cracked ore is fed into the progressive adaptive grinding fixture, and the matching grinding head specifications are selected according to the hardness of the ore. S3. Processing mode selection: For silicate ores, start the rotary motor for pure grinding; for metallic ores, start the rotary motor and the auxiliary motor simultaneously for vibration-assisted grinding. S4. Screening stage: The powder generated by grinding falls into the vibrating screening module, and is screened through multiple screens to separate the powder that meets the particle size requirements. Large particles are returned or discharged. S5. Monitoring and Replacement: The grinding force is monitored in real time by a pressure detector. When the wear of the grinding head reaches the threshold, the spare grinding head storage device is triggered to automatically replace it.

[0016] Preferably, in step S2, during the grinding process, the ore is guided by gravity and the grooves of the clamps. After coarse grinding in the large-diameter abrasive zone, it automatically slides down to the small-diameter abrasive zone to complete fine grinding.

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of the composite processing device and method for in-situ crushing and grinding of extraterrestrial ores described in this invention are: 1. The synergistic effect of thermal shock pre-fracture and mechanical crushing significantly reduces energy consumption: This invention overcomes the limitations of traditional mechanical crushing of high-hardness ores by creatively introducing a thermal shock pre-fracture mechanism based on ore composition identification. Microwave heating is used for silicate ores, and induction heating for metallic ores. This generates significant thermal stress differences at heterogeneous interfaces within the ore (such as between silicate and metal particles, or between different ore crystals), inducing numerous microcracks at the microscopic level. This "peak-shaving and valley-filling" pretreatment effectively weakens the macroscopic mechanical properties of the ore (reducing compressive strength), significantly reducing the workload of subsequent mechanical grinding. Experiments have shown that compared to direct grinding, introducing thermal shock pre-fracture can reduce subsequent crushing energy consumption by more than 30%, greatly improving the sustainability of operations in energy-constrained environments.

[0018] 2. A unique dual-mode drive mechanism, adapted to the complex and ever-changing mechanical properties of extraterrestrial ores: The vibration-assisted grinding and crushing module designed in this invention achieves intelligent switching between two working modes: pure grinding and vibration-rotation composite grinding, through the cooperation of a pawl and a spline shaft.

[0019] For brittle ores (such as basalt): a pure grinding mode is adopted to avoid unnecessary vibration and impact, reduce dust and equipment wear, ensure the integrity of powder morphology, and facilitate subsequent mineral analysis.

[0020] For tough ores (such as iron-nickel alloys): Vibration-assisted grinding mode is adopted, which uses high-frequency impact load to induce fatigue fracture in the material, thus solving the problems of difficult cutting and easy tool sticking of tough metals.

[0021] This site-specific processing strategy greatly expands the applicability of the device, enabling it to handle the complex types of minerals found in the asteroid belt and on the lunar surface.

[0022] 3. Progressive adaptive grinding design enables integrated continuous powder production from coarse to medium to fine grinding: Unlike traditional single-size grinding heads, the working grinding head of this invention adopts a conical structure, and the abrasive grains are distributed in a progressive pattern, larger at the top and smaller at the bottom. Combined with the groove design inside the clamp, which is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, the ore falls naturally under gravity, undergoing a complete process of coarse grinding at the top, medium grinding in the middle, and fine grinding at the bottom. This design not only eliminates the need for multi-stage series crushing equipment, simplifying the process flow, but also achieves adaptive clamping of samples with different particle sizes through physical limiting, preventing slippage and significantly improving crushing efficiency and the uniformity of the output particle size, meeting the stringent requirements for raw material particle size in in-situ resource utilization.

[0023] 4. Intelligent operation and maintenance and modular tool replacement ensure long-term reliability in outdoor environments: Extraterrestrial exploration missions are long-term, and equipment wear and tear is inevitable. This invention integrates a spare grinding head storage and automatic replacement system. Through the lifting and lowering of the feed mechanism in conjunction with the grinding head's tilting mechanism, an automatic tool-changing function similar to that of an industrial robot is achieved. When the pressure sensor detects an abnormal increase in grinding resistance (indicating grinding head wear) or when the preset lifespan is reached, the system can automatically disassemble and install the grinding head. This function completely eliminates the risk of mission termination due to grinding head failure in unattended extraterrestrial environments, significantly improving the device's overall lifecycle reliability and mission robustness.

[0024] 5. Integrated structural design and full-process closed-loop control: This invention highly integrates four functional units—feeding, pre-cracking, grinding, and screening—into a compact frame. A pressure detector provides real-time feedback on the grinding force, and the screening module provides real-time feedback on the output particle size, forming a closed-loop control system. For example, if too many large particles are found after screening, the system can automatically adjust the feed speed or increase the vibration frequency. Furthermore, the frame's open-type heat dissipation structure and shock-absorbing spring design effectively isolate the impact of vibration and shock on the frame and other spaceborne equipment, ensuring stable operation in extreme extraterrestrial environments characterized by microgravity, high vacuum, and large temperature differences.

[0025] 6. High resource utilization rate, facilitating in-situ manufacturing: The vibrating sieving module of this invention adopts a multi-layer sieve plate design, which can perform fine classification of powders. It can not only directly produce high-quality powder that meets requirements for 3D printing or metallurgy, but also automatically return unqualified large particles to the feed inlet for secondary crushing. This design concept of full component utilization maximizes the use of valuable extraterrestrial samples collected, avoids resource waste, and truly realizes the principle of "taking from the earth and using it for the earth," providing a solid material foundation for establishing extraterrestrial scientific research bases. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a side view of the overall structure of the extraterrestrial ore sample pre-cracking grinding and powder making device described in this invention; Figure 2 This is a front view of the core body of the extraterrestrial ore sample pre-cracking grinding and powder making device described in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the ore feeding and thermal shock pre-splitting unit structure described in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the spare grinding head storage device described in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the grinding head feed transmission gear train structure described in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the fixed connection frame structure of the core device for pre-cracking, grinding and powdering of extraterrestrial ore samples according to the present invention. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the grinding head rotation and impact drive module described in this invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rotary motor described in this invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the progressive adaptive grinding head and fixture structure of the sample described in this invention; Figure 10 This is a front view of the progressive adaptive grinding head and fixture described in this invention. Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the ore powder vibrating sieve module of the present invention; In the diagram: Mounting frame base 1-1, Mounting frame right plate 1-2, Mounting frame upper plate 1-3, Mounting frame front plate 1-4, Spare grinding head storage device fixing frame 1-5, Lead screw drive gear protective shell 1-6, Spare grinding head storage device connector 1-7, No. 1 spare grinding head 1-8, No. 2 spare grinding head 1-9, Spare grinding head storage slot 1-10, Microwave heating device 1-11, Induction heating device 1-12, Ore feed inlet 1-13, Feed drive motor 2-1, Feed drive gear 2-2, Gear fixing frame 2-3, Feed output gear and lead screw nut 2-4, Lead screw bearing seat 2-5, Lead screw shaft 2-6, Device support rod 2-7. 2-8 Lead screw connector, 2-9 Pressure detector, 3-1 Vibratory grinding fixed bracket, 3-2 Vertical rod connector, 3-3 Grinding head replacement motor, 3-4 Progressive adaptive grinding fixture A, 3-5 Progressive adaptive grinding fixture B, 3-6 Spline shaft, 3-7 Pawl, 3-8 Matching motor, 3-9 Rotary connector, 3-10 Rotary motor, 3-11 Impact pad, 3-12 Shock absorber spring, 3-13 Working grinding head, 3-14 Grinding head abrasive grain, 4-1 Screening unit housing, 4-2 Powder outlet, 4-3 Vibrating screening motor, 4-4 Pad, 4-5 Screen plate connector, 4-6 Screen plate, 4-7 Vibrating screening shock absorber spring, 4-8 Screen plate. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts relevant to the invention are shown in the drawings, and not all of them. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention.

[0028] See Figure 1-11 This embodiment describes a composite processing device for in-situ crushing and grinding of extraterrestrial ores, comprising a thermal shock pre-cracking module, a vibration-assisted grinding and crushing module, and a vibration screening module, used to complete the vibration grinding and grinding and screening of ore samples.

[0029] The thermal shock pre-crack module is used to heat the input ore to induce cracks. Depending on the target characteristics, it is divided into microwave heating and induction heating. Microwave and induction heating can perform thermal shock pre-cracking on extraterrestrial ore samples, expanding or increasing the ore cracks, and providing more easily crushable ore samples for the vibration-assisted grinding and crushing module.

[0030] For extraterrestrial ores with high dielectric loss and mainly composed of silicates and non-metallic matrices, such as lunar basalt and carbonaceous asteroid ores, microwave heating devices 1-11 are used; while for extraterrestrial ores with excellent conductivity and rich in metallic components such as iron and nickel, such as metallic asteroid ores, induction heating devices 1-12 are used to achieve rapid thermal shock pre-fracture of extraterrestrial ores, forming cracks at the interfaces of different components of the ore to facilitate subsequent dissociation, while inducing micro-cracks inside the ore and weakening its mechanical properties.

[0031] The vibration-assisted grinding and crushing module can achieve two working modes: single grinding and vibration-assisted grinding. Vibration assistance uses a vibrating screen motor 4-3 to provide a high-frequency rotary impact load, driving a conical block to impact the sample. This causes the sample to initially crush and dissociate the ore along the cracks propagated by thermal shock. Grinding and vibration assistance share a single conical block. Different particle sizes of samples are fixed using abrasive particles of varying sizes on the upper and lower surfaces of the conical grinding head and grooves on the support base (wider at the top, narrower at the bottom). To achieve fine-particle crushing and dissociation of target ores with different mechanical properties, spare grinding heads containing abrasive particles of different sizes are configured according to different stiffness requirements. A rotary motor 3-10 drives the grinding head to rotate for grinding and powdering the sample. Larger samples are first processed in the coarse grinding zone at the top of the grinding head, gradually becoming smaller before sliding down the grooves of the support base for fine grinding by the fine-particle abrasive particles below, until the thermally shocked ore is completely crushed and dissociated. The grinding and powdering function processes extraterrestrial ore into fine-particle powder samples using vibration-assisted rotary grinding.

[0032] The vibration-assisted grinding and crushing module includes a vibration grinding fixed bracket 3-1, a vertical rod connector 3-2, a grinding head replacement motor 3-3, a progressive adaptive grinding fixture A3-4, a progressive adaptive grinding fixture B3-5, a spline shaft 3-6, a ratchet pawl 3-7, a mating motor 3-8, a rotary connector 3-9, a rotary motor 3-10, an impact pad 3-11, and a shock-absorbing spring 3-12. The main body of the vibration-assisted grinding and crushing module is mounted on the pressure detector 2-9 by bolts. The vibration grinding fixed bracket 3-1 is connected and supported to the device support rod 2-7 by the vertical rod connector 3-2. The vibration grinding fixed bracket 3-1 is bolted to the pressure detector 2-9. The grinding head replacement motor 3-3 is mounted on the vibration grinding fixed bracket 3-1. The progressive adaptive grinding... The fixture A3-4 is connected and fixed to the progressive adaptive grinding fixture B3-5. The progressive adaptive grinding fixture B3-5 is bolted to the mounting frame base 1-1. The vibratory grinding fixed bracket 3-1 is equipped with a rotating connector 3-9, which is driven by the grinding head changing motor 3-3. The rotating connector 3-9 is equipped with a mating motor 3-8 and a rotary motor 3-10. The mating motor 3-8 is connected to a pawl 3-7. The spline shaft 3-6 is driven by the rotary motor 3-10. The spline shaft 3-6 is equipped with an impact pad 3-11 and a damping spring 3-12 to reduce vibration during vibration impact. The working grinding head 3-13 is threadedly connected to the spline shaft 3-6. The working grinding head 3-13 is inlaid with progressively changing grinding head abrasive grains 3-14.

[0033] The vibrating sieving module is used to finely sieve the ground powder particles into powder samples that meet the requirements, discarding large-diameter powder particles. The vibrating sieving module 4 is driven by a vibrating sieving motor 4-3 to a multi-layer sieve plate 4-6. The sieve plate 4-6 is equipped with progressively finer sieve plates from top to bottom. The ground powder particles are vibrated and sieved multiple times through the sieve plate 4-8, and finally the powder particles that meet the particle size requirements are selected, thus completing the sample crushing, monomer dissociation and powdering.

[0034] The vibrating screening module includes a screening unit housing 4-1, a powder outlet 4-2, a vibrating screening motor 4-3, a gasket 4-4, a screen plate connector 4-5, a screen plate 4-6, a vibrating screening damping spring 4-7, and a screen plate 4-8. The vibrating screening module body is mounted on the mounting frame base 1-1 via an external component. The screening unit housing 4-1 is mounted on the mounting frame base 1-1 via an external component. The powder outlet 4-2 is connected to the screening unit housing 4-1. The vibrating screening motor 4-3 and the screen plate connector 4-5 are mounted on the screening unit housing 4-1. The vibrating screening motor 4-3 is equipped with a gasket 4-4. The screening unit housing 4-1 is equipped with a screen plate 4-6. The screen plate 4-6 is equipped with a vibrating screening damping spring 4-7. The screen plate 4-8 is mounted on the screen plate 4-6. The three layers of progressively finer screen plates can gradually screen out powder that meets the particle size requirements.

[0035] The invention also includes an external housing and a grinding device movement and replacement module. The external housing is used for device protection and support. The main function of the grinding device movement and replacement module is to meet the replacement of the grinding head under different working conditions, so as to ensure stable grinding and powder production of ore.

[0036] The support housing includes a mounting frame base 1-1, a mounting frame right plate 1-2, a mounting frame upper plate 1-3, a mounting frame front plate 1-4, a spare grinding head storage device mounting bracket 1-5, a lead screw drive gear protective shell 1-6, a spare grinding head storage device connector 1-7, a first spare grinding head 1-8, a second spare grinding head 1-9, a spare grinding head storage slot 1-10, a microwave heating device 1-11, an induction heating device 1-12, and an ore feed inlet 1-13. The housing body is bolted to the mounting frame base 1-1. During extraterrestrial operations, the mounting frame base 1-1 is bolted to the rotary motor on the lander's upper plate. The spare grinding head storage device mounting bracket 1-5 is mounted on the mounting frame base 1-1. A spare grinding head storage device connector 1-7 is mounted on the 5th frame via a slide rail. A spare grinding head storage slot 1-10 is bolted to the spare grinding head storage device connector 1-7. Two spare grinding heads, namely spare grinding head 1-8 and spare grinding head 1-9, are mounted on the spare grinding head storage slot 1-10. The right plate 1-2 of the mounting frame is bolted to the mounting frame base 1-1. A screw drive gear protective shell 1-6 is mounted on the right plate 1-2 of the mounting frame. Both the upper plate 1-3 and the front plate 1-4 of the mounting frame have heat dissipation structures. An ore feed inlet 1-13 is mounted on the front plate 1-4 of the mounting frame. An induction heating device 1-12 is mounted on the ore feed inlet 1-13. A microwave heating device 1-11 is mounted on the induction heating device 1-12.

[0037] The grinding device movement and replacement module includes a feed drive motor 2-1, a feed drive gear 2-2, a gear fixing bracket 2-3, a feed output gear and a lead screw nut 2-4, a lead screw bearing seat 2-5, a lead screw shaft 2-6, a device support rod 2-7, a lead screw connector 2-8, and a pressure detector 2-9. The grinding device body is mounted on the right plate 1-2 of the mounting frame. The feed drive motor 2-1 is mounted on the right plate 1-2 of the mounting frame. The feed drive gear 2-2 is supported by the gear fixing bracket 2-3 and is connected to the feed drive motor 2-1. The feed output gear and lead screw nut 2-4 are mounted on the right plate 1-2 of the mounting frame. -4 is driven by the feed drive gear 2-2 through a gear system. The lead screw bearing seat 2-5 is installed on the right plate 1-2 of the mounting frame. The lead screw shaft 2-6 is installed on the lead screw bearing seat 2-5. The lead screw shaft 2-6 cooperates with the feed output gear and the lead screw nut 2-4 to form a lead screw mechanism. One end of the device support rod 2-7 is installed on the right plate 1-2 of the mounting frame, and the other end is fixed to the progressive adaptive grinding fixture 3-4 and the progressive adaptive grinding fixture 3-5. The lead screw connector 2-8 is fixed to the lead screw shaft 2-6. The pressure detector 2-9 is fixed to the lead screw connector 2-8 by bolt connection. The pressure detector 2-9 can monitor the grinding pressure of the vibration-assisted grinding and crushing module 3 in real time.

[0038] The grinding head replacement process described in this invention is as follows: (1) When the vibration grinding process stops, the feed drive motor 2-1 starts, and the feed drive gear 2-2 drives the lead screw shaft 2-6 to start linear motion.

[0039] (2) The lead screw shaft 2-6 drives the lead screw connector 2-8, the vibration grinding fixed bracket 3-1, the working grinding head 3-13 and the grinding head replacement motor 3-3 to move upward together. When it moves upward to the designated position, the feed drive motor 2-1 is turned off.

[0040] (3) Control the movement of the spare grinding head storage tank 1-10, and according to the specified requirements, move it up and down and left and right relative to the spare grinding head storage device fixing frame 1-5 to reach the specified working position.

[0041] (4) When the grinding head is replaced, the working grinding head 3-13, its rotary motor 3-10 and the cooperating motor 3-8 simultaneously rotate around the vibration grinding fixed bracket 3-1 to the designated position by the rotating connector 3-9, and then the motor stops working.

[0042] (5) Move the empty slot of the spare grinding head storage slot 1-10 to the position corresponding to the working grinding head 3-13, and slowly put the grinding head into the slot.

[0043] (6) The rotary motor 3-10 starts and rotates in the opposite direction to unscrew the threaded connection between the spline shaft 3-6 and the working grinding head 3-13. The grinding head is positioned by the buckle at the bottom of the grinding head. At the same time, the spare grinding head storage slot 1-10 slowly moves backward. After the grinding head is completely unloaded, the rotary motor 3-10 is turned off.

[0044] (7) Control the spare grinding head storage tank 1-10 to move up and down as specified, start the rotary motor 3-10, align the grinding head to be replaced with the spline shaft 3-6, slowly move it towards the spline shaft 3-6 while rotating the shaft in the positive direction, and thread the spline shaft 3-6 to the working grinding head 3-13.

[0045] (8) After connection, reverse the steps of replacement once. After the replacement motor rotates back to its original position, it is turned off. After the lead screw shaft 2-6 is driven to its original position, the motor is turned off. At the same time, the pressure detector 2-9 monitors the pressure in real time to prevent accidents from happening and to stop in time.

[0046] (9) After the working grinding head 3-13 is replaced, a new round of vibration grinding process begins.

[0047] Example 1: The process of the thermal shock-vibration grinding and sieving powder preparation device for extraterrestrial samples described in this invention, when dealing with extraterrestrial ores mainly composed of silicate and non-metallic matrices, is as follows: (1) The sample enters the ore feed port 1-13, is heated by microwave heating device 1-11, and then enters the progressive adaptive grinding fixture.

[0048] (2) The rotary motor 3-10 starts, and the motor 3-8 stops or rotates in the opposite direction. The working grinding head 3-13 starts to rotate and cut the sample. The sample is gradually ground until the grinding head and the fixture can no longer fix the sample.

[0049] (3) The vibrating sieve motor 4-3 starts and the sieve plate 4-6 starts vibrating at the same time as the sample grinding procedure begins. Large-diameter particles are discharged from the side by vibration and conveyed, while fine-diameter particles continue to be screened downwards. After multiple layers of screening, they enter the next processing device.

[0050] (4) During the vibration grinding process, the pressure detector 2-9 monitors the pressure changes in real time during the grinding process and adjusts and resolves dangerous working conditions in a timely manner.

[0051] (5) When the required particles have been fully processed or there is no sample left, first turn off the thermal shock pre-crack module, then turn off the mating motor 3-8 and the rotary motor 3-10 in sequence, stop grinding, and turn off the vibrating screen motor 4-3.

[0052] Example 2: The specific process of the extraterrestrial sample thermal shock-vibration grinding and sieving powder preparation device described in this invention when dealing with extraterrestrial ores rich in metal components such as iron and nickel is as follows: (1) The sample enters the ore feed port 1-13, is heated by the induction heating device 1-12, and then enters the progressive adaptive grinding fixture.

[0053] (2) The cooperating motor and the rotary motor 3-10 start at the same time and rotate in the same direction. The working grinding head 3-13 starts to vibrate and impact while rotating to cut the sample. The sample is gradually ground until the grinding head and the fixture can no longer fix the sample.

[0054] (3) The vibrating sieve motor 4-3 starts at the same time as the sample grinding procedure is started. The sieve plate starts to vibrate. Large-diameter particles are discharged from the side by vibration and conveyed. Fine-diameter particles continue to be screened downwards. After multiple layers of screening, they enter the next processing device.

[0055] (4) During the vibration grinding process, the pressure detector 2-9 monitors the pressure changes in real time during the grinding process and can adjust and resolve dangerous working conditions in a timely manner.

[0056] (5) When the required particles have been fully processed or there is no sample left, first turn off the thermal shock pre-crack module, then turn off the mating motor 3-8 and the rotary motor 3-10 in sequence, stop grinding, and turn off the vibrating screen motor 4-3.

[0057] The embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention.

Claims

1. A composite processing method for in-situ crushing and grinding of extraterrestrial ores, characterized in that: include: The thermal shock pre-cracking module is used to heat the input ore to induce cracks; The vibration-assisted grinding and crushing module includes a working grinding head (3-13), a rotary drive mechanism, and an impact drive mechanism. The rotary drive mechanism is used to drive the working grinding head (3-13) to rotate to grind minerals, and the impact drive mechanism is used to drive the working grinding head (3-13) to reciprocate along the axial direction at high frequency to impact the ore. A vibrating screening module is located below the vibration-assisted grinding and crushing module, and is used to receive the ground powder and screen it. The feed and detection module includes a feed drive mechanism and a pressure detector (2-9). The feed drive mechanism is used to adjust the position of the vibration-assisted grinding and crushing module, and the pressure detector (2-9) is used to monitor the grinding pressure in real time.

2. The composite processing device for in-situ crushing and grinding of extraterrestrial ores according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermal shock pre-cracking module includes: The supporting box is equipped with a block mineral inlet (1-13). Microwave heating device (1-11) is used to heat silicate ores with high dielectric loss; Induction heating device (1-12) is used to heat metallic ores rich in iron and nickel; The microwave heating device (1-11) and the induction heating device (1-12) are selected to be activated according to the characteristics of the ore.

3. The composite processing device for in-situ crushing and grinding of extraterrestrial ores according to claim 1, characterized in that: The working grinding head (3-13) has a conical structure, and its surface is inlaid with grinding head abrasive grains (3-14). The particle size of the grinding head abrasive grains (3-14) is gradually distributed, with large-diameter abrasive grains distributed in the upper region of the grinding head and small-diameter abrasive grains distributed in the lower region. The vibration-assisted grinding and crushing module also includes a progressive adaptive grinding fixture. The inner wall of the fixture is provided with a groove that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, so as to cooperate with the conical grinding head to realize the adaptive clamping and progressive grinding of materials.

4. The composite processing device for in-situ crushing and grinding of extraterrestrial ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impact drive mechanism includes a cooperating motor (3-8), a pawl (3-7), and a splined shaft (3-6). The rotary drive mechanism includes a rotary motor (3-10). The cooperating motor (3-8) is connected to the pawl (3-7). The working grinding head (3-13) is connected to the splined shaft (3-6). The splined shaft (3-6) is driven by the rotary motor (3-10). When processing silicate ores, the rotary motor (3-10) starts, and the motor (3-8) stops or reverses to perform pure grinding mode; When processing metallic ores, the rotary motor (3-10) and the cooperating motor (3-8) rotate in the same direction. Through the cooperation of the pawl (3-7) and the spline shaft (3-6), the working grinding head (3-13) is driven to generate axial vibration while rotating, thus executing the vibration-assisted grinding mode.

5. The composite processing device for in-situ crushing and grinding of extraterrestrial ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed drive mechanism includes a feed drive motor (2-1), a feed drive gear (2-2), and a lead screw shaft (2-6). The feed drive gear (2-2) is connected to the feed drive motor (2-1). The pressure detector (2-9) is fixed on the lead screw connector (2-8) and located at the bottom of the vibration-assisted grinding and crushing module.

6. The composite processing device for in-situ crushing and grinding of extraterrestrial ores according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a spare grinding head storage device for storing spare grinding heads of various specifications, which is connected to the working grinding head (3-13) to achieve automatic replacement.

7. The composite processing device for in-situ crushing and grinding of extraterrestrial ores according to claim 6, characterized in that: The spare grinding head storage device includes a spare grinding head storage slot (1-10) and a translation mechanism. The spare grinding head storage slot (1-10) stores a first spare grinding head (1-8) and a second spare grinding head (1-9). The translation mechanism is used to drive the spare grinding head storage slot (1-10) to move in a spatial rectangular coordinate system. The vibration-assisted grinding and crushing module also includes a grinding head replacement motor (3-3) and a rotating connector (3-9). The rotating connector (3-9) can drive the rotary motor (3-10) and the working grinding head (3-13) to rotate as a whole to align with the spare grinding head storage slot (1-10) to complete the loading and unloading of the grinding head.

8. The composite processing device for in-situ crushing and grinding of extraterrestrial ores according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibrating screening module (4) includes a multi-layer screen plate (4-6), and a screen plate (4-8) with a gradually decreasing aperture from top to bottom is installed in the screen plate (4-6). The vibrating screening module (4) is also connected to a vibrating screening motor (4-3) and a vibrating screening damping spring (4-7).

9. A composite processing method for in-situ crushing and grinding of extraterrestrial ores, based on the apparatus described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Pre-splitting stage: Identify the mineral type. If the mineral is a silicate matrix, use a microwave heating device (1-11) for thermal shock pre-splitting; if the mineral is a metallic matrix, use an induction heating device (1-12) for thermal shock pre-splitting. S2. Grinding stage: The pre-cracked mineral is fed into the progressive adaptive grinding fixture, and the matching grinding head specification is selected according to the mineral hardness. S3. Processing mode selection: For silicate minerals, start the rotary motor (3-10) for pure grinding; for metallic minerals, start the rotary motor (3-10) and the auxiliary motor (3-8) simultaneously for vibration-assisted grinding; S4. Screening stage: The powder generated by grinding falls into the vibrating screening module (4), and is screened through multiple screen plates (4-6) to separate the powder that meets the particle size requirements. Large particles are returned or discharged. S5. Monitoring and Replacement: The grinding force is monitored in real time by pressure detectors (2-9). When the wear of the grinding head reaches the threshold, the spare grinding head storage device is triggered to automatically replace it.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S2, during the grinding process, the mineral is guided by gravity and the grooves of the clamp. After coarse grinding in the large-diameter abrasive zone, it automatically slides down to the small-diameter abrasive zone to complete fine grinding.

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