A building decoration garbage full-component integrated resource disposal process

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of building decoration garbage full component integration resource disposal process, belong to solid waste processing technical field.The process includes screening pretreatment, crushing and sorting, shredding packing, dust synergic control four working procedures: screening process separates oversized material, fly ash brick is mixed with soil after crushing and is made roadbed filler, concrete block is crushed and is made sandstone aggregate, and bundle primary shredding is reserved;Crushing and sorting process sand is made to material after screening, and finished product sand is obtained by spiral separation and vibration screen classification, and separated soil is merged into roadbed filler, and combustible material is sent to packing process, and metal recovery equipment is arranged at the front and rear ends of sand making machine;Dust control process is provided with bag dust collector at sand particle vibration screen, and spraying device is provided at chippings soil vibration screen.The application realizes 100% resource utilization of building decoration garbage full component, product meets market standard, metal recovery rate is high, dust pollution is controllable, and the problem of existing technology reseparation, light utilization is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of solid waste resource utilization technology, and specifically relates to an integrated resource utilization process for all components of construction and decoration waste. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid advancement of urbanization and the increasing frequency of renovation of existing buildings in my country, the output of construction and decoration waste has experienced explosive growth. This type of waste differs from single-component demolition waste, exhibiting a highly mixed and complex composition: it includes recyclable metal materials (such as steel bars, wire, and aluminum alloy profiles), wood (such as templates, timber, and wood strips), and plastics (such as PVC pipes, plastic films, and packaging bags), as well as difficult-to-process fabric scraps (such as curtain fragments, carpet scraps, and fiber fabrics), various types of bricks (such as fly ash bricks, sintered bricks, ceramic tiles, and mosaics), high-strength cement blocks, brittle gypsum board, and a large amount of inert materials such as original soil and mortar debris. According to incomplete industry statistics, the total amount of construction and decoration waste generated in my country each year has exceeded 1.5 billion tons. Of this, less than 30% has been initially sorted, while the remaining 70% is disposed of through landfill or open-air dumping. This not only occupies a large amount of valuable land resources, but the mixed heavy metals and organic pollutants can also seep into groundwater with rainwater, polluting it. Lightweight combustible materials such as cloth strips and plastics even pose a risk of spontaneous combustion, which poses a serious threat to environmental safety and ecological stability.

[0003] Current industry solutions for handling construction and decoration waste generally suffer from the flaw of "emphasizing separation but neglecting utilization." Existing mainstream processes often employ a combination of "manual sorting + simple screening": first, large-sized metals and wood are manually removed, then a single-layer vibrating screen separates the waste into "coarse materials larger than 50mm" and "fine materials smaller than 50mm." This method only achieves physical separation of some components and cannot perform deep processing or targeted conversion of the separated products. For example, the separated fly ash bricks and concrete blocks are merely crushed into irregular fragments, which, due to uneven particle size and unstable strength, cannot be directly used in civil engineering; the separated combustible components such as fabric, plastic, and wood, without undergoing shredding and homogenization treatment, have large fluctuations in calorific value and cannot be sold as standardized biofuel; the separated soil and fine particle mixture has a high impurity content and cannot meet the specifications for roadbed filler. In addition, existing processes have significant shortcomings in dust control: dust-generating points such as vibrating screens and crushers often use simple spray dust suppression, with a dust removal efficiency of less than 40%. The dust concentration in the workshop often exceeds the limits stipulated in the "Occupational Exposure Limits for Hazardous Factors in the Workplace", which not only endangers the health of operators but also causes pollution to the surrounding atmospheric environment.

[0004] More critically, existing processes lack a closed-loop design for all components: metal recycling relies solely on manual sorting, resulting in a loss rate of up to 25% for small metals (such as nails and wire fragments); gypsum powder generated after gypsum board crushing is not collected separately, and its mixing with the soil affects the setting performance of roadbed materials; the soil and metal in the shredding process are not separated a second time, leading to excessive ash content in the final fuel product. These deficiencies mean that current construction and decoration waste treatment largely remains at the "reduction" stage, far from meeting the requirements of "resource recovery, harmlessness, and industrialization." A large amount of recyclable components are wasted, and the separated products, due to substandard quality, can only be disposed of at low prices or even re-landfilled, severely restricting the sustainable development of the construction and decoration waste disposal industry.

[0005] Therefore, there is a need for a process that can integrate and co-process all components of construction and decoration waste. Through targeted process design and equipment configuration, it is possible to achieve efficient separation, deep processing and targeted conversion of each component, and finally produce recycled products that meet market standards, thus completely solving the problems of low resource utilization rate, poor product quality and heavy environmental pollution of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides an integrated resource recovery process for all components of construction and decoration waste, in order to solve or alleviate one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and at least provide a beneficial alternative.

[0007] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows: a whole-component integrated resource utilization process for construction and decoration waste, comprising the following steps: Step S1: Screening Pre-treatment: The raw construction and decoration waste is transported to a screening device and screened through a screen with a mesh size of 150-200mm to separate oversized materials from the undersize mixture. The oversized materials include fly ash bricks, large concrete blocks, and cloth clumps. The fly ash bricks are transported to a secondary crusher for crushing. The crushed product is mixed with the original soil separated in the screening process at a mass ratio of 3:1-5:1 to obtain roadbed filler. The large concrete blocks are transported to a dedicated crushing production line. After being crushed by jaw crusher and impact crusher, they are graded into sand and gravel aggregates with particle sizes of 5-10mm, 10-20mm, and 20-31.5mm by a multi-layer vibrating screen. The cloth clumps are transported to a twin-shaft shredder for primary shredding. The shredded material is then transported to the packaging process for later use. Step S2: Crushing and Sorting: The undersize mixture obtained in Step S1 is fed into a sand making machine via a belt conveyor for crushing. After crushing, the material first enters a spiral separator, where sand particles and heavy mixtures are separated by density difference. The sand particles are then conveyed to a first vibrating screen for grading, yielding finished sand with particle sizes of 0-0.15mm, 0.15-0.3mm, 0.3-0.6mm, 0.6-1.18mm, 1.18-2.36mm, and 2.36-4.75mm. The heavy mixture contains crushed combustible materials and soil, which are transported to the second vibrating screen for separation. The separated soil is incorporated into the blending process of the fly ash brick crushing products in step S1, and the separated combustible materials are transported to the packaging process. A first metal recovery device is set at the front end of the sand making machine's feed inlet, and a second metal recovery device is set at the rear end of the sand making machine's discharge outlet. Through the synergistic effect of two-stage magnetic separation and eddy current separation, various metal materials in the mixture, including ferromagnetic metals and non-ferromagnetic metals, are recovered throughout the entire process. Step S3: Shredding and Packaging: The shredded fabric material from Step S1 and the combustible material separated in Step S2 are collected and sent to a fine shredder for secondary shredding. After shredding, the material is separated by a combination of air classification and screening to remove metal fragments and soil, resulting in homogenized combustible fragments. The combustible fragments are then sent to a hydraulic baler for compression and packaging to produce a biofuel product with a density of 0.8-1.2 t / m³. Step S4: Dust Co-control: Differentiated dust control is implemented for the two dust-generating points, the first and second vibrating screens: A bag filter is connected to the top of the sealing cover of the first vibrating screen to absorb and collect fine dust generated during the vibration separation of sand particles through negative pressure, with a dust removal efficiency of over 99%; 3-5 sets of spray heads are evenly arranged above the screen surface of the second vibrating screen along the feeding direction to suppress the diffusion of dust generated during the separation of debris and soil through atomized water curtain, with the spray water pressure controlled at 0.2-0.3MPa, and the duration of a single spray is synchronized with the operating cycle of the vibrating screen.

[0008] Preferably, the sieve surface inclination angle of the sieving equipment in step S1 is 8-12°, the vibration frequency is 15-20Hz, and the sieving time is controlled at 3-5 minutes per batch to ensure that the separation rate of ultra-large materials is ≥98%. The secondary crusher is a hammer crusher with a hammer linear velocity of 25-30 m / s. The particle size of the fly ash brick product after crushing is ≤20 mm, which meets the particle size requirements for mixing with soil. The blades of the dual-shaft shredder rotate at a speed of 80-100 r / min, and the particle size of the material after primary shredding of the cloth is 50-100 mm, which facilitates subsequent secondary shredding and packaging.

[0009] Preferably, the rotor linear velocity of the sand making machine in step S2 is 45-55m / s, and the particle size of the crushed material is ≤5mm. The spiral blade pitch of the spiral separator is 200-250mm, the rotation speed is 10-15r / min, and the mud content of the separated sand particles is ≤3%. The first vibrating screen is a five-layer linear vibrating screen with screen apertures of 4.75mm, 2.36mm, 1.18mm, 0.6mm, 0.3mm, and 0.15mm from top to bottom, and a vibration acceleration of 5-8g, ensuring a sand particle grading accuracy of ≥95%. The second vibrating screen is a double-layer circular vibrating screen with an upper screen aperture of 10mm and a lower screen aperture of 2mm. The content of combustible components in the separated soil is ≤1%, which meets the impurity control requirements of the roadbed fill material.

[0010] Preferably, in step S2, both the first metal recycling device and the second metal recycling device adopt a combination configuration of permanent magnet separator + eddy current separator: The magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet separator is 1200-1500 Gs, and it is used to recover ferromagnetic metals; the rotation speed of the eddy current separator is 1500-2000 r / min, and it is used to recover non-ferromagnetic metals such as aluminum and copper. The comprehensive metal recovery rate of the two-stage metal recycling equipment is ≥99.5%, and the purity of the separated metal products is ≥98%.

[0011] Preferably, the blade gap of the fine shredder in step S3 is 5-10mm, the rotation speed is 150-200r / min, and the particle size of the combustible debris after secondary shredding is ≤20mm, ensuring the combustion stability of the biofuel; the compression force of the hydraulic baler is 200-300t, and the size of the baled biofuel block is 800mm×600mm×400mm, which is convenient for transportation and storage.

[0012] Preferably, the separation equipment in step S3 includes a drum screen installed at the discharge end of the fine shredder and a magnetic separator belt installed at the feed end of the baler. The sieve aperture of the drum screen is 2mm, which is used to separate the original soil mixed in with combustible debris; The magnetic field strength of the magnetic separator belt is 1000-1200 Gs, used to separate residual metal debris; After separation, the ash content of the finished biofuel product is ≤15%, and the calorific value is ≥1800kcal / kg.

[0013] Preferably, the filtration velocity of the bag filter in step S4 is 0.8-1.2 m / min, the filter bag material is polyester needle-punched felt, and the collected dust is returned to the fine sand outlet of the first vibrating screen to realize the resource recycling of dust. The spraying device has a spraying water volume of 0.5-1 L / min·m², and the atomized water droplet particle size is 50-100 μm, forming a full-coverage water curtain with the screen surface of the second vibrating screen, with a dust settling rate of ≥90%.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment, a component synergistic regulation step is also included: When the proportion of fly ash bricks in the original building decoration waste is ≥30%, the mixing ratio of fly ash brick crushing products and soil in step S1 is adjusted to 3:1 to improve the compressive strength of the roadbed fill. When the proportion of combustible components in the original construction and decoration waste is ≥40%, the feeding speed of the fine shredder in step S3 is increased by 20%, and the compression cycle of the baler is shortened by 15% to ensure the production capacity of biofuel is matched. When the metal content in the original building decoration waste is ≥5%, the magnetic field strength of the two-stage metal recycling equipment in step S2 is increased by 10% to improve the metal recycling efficiency.

[0015] Preferably, the various steps of the process are connected by a closed belt conveyor, with no open transfer nodes throughout the entire process; The belt conveyor has a belt speed of 1.2-1.5 m / s, and 3-5 iron removal points are set during the conveying process to further reduce metal interference in subsequent processes; The drive motors of each piece of equipment are all controlled by frequency conversion, and the operating power is dynamically adjusted according to the feed rate, which reduces the unit energy consumption by 15-20% compared with the existing process.

[0016] As a preferred option, a product quality testing step is also included: The compaction degree, CBR value, and moisture content of the prepared subgrade fill material are tested to ensure that they meet the standards for highway subgrade fill material. The crushing value, flaky particle content, and mud content of the prepared sand and gravel aggregates are tested to ensure that they meet the standards for construction sand. The calorific value, ash content, and volatile matter of the produced biofuel are tested to ensure that it meets industrial fuel standards. The purity and impurity content of the recycled metal materials are tested to ensure that they meet the standards for recycled metal raw materials; All product testing data are uploaded to the central control system in real time, enabling full-process quality traceability.

[0017] The embodiments of the present invention have the following advantages due to the adoption of the above technical solutions: First, through a three-stage synergistic process of screening, crushing, and shredding, the directional transformation of all components in construction and decoration waste is achieved: fly ash bricks and concrete blocks are transformed into roadbed fillers and sand and gravel aggregates; combustible components such as fabric, wood, and plastics are transformed into high-calorific-value biofuels; metal materials are recycled throughout the entire process; and soil is mixed into the roadbed fillers as an auxiliary material. No component is discarded, which completely solves the resource waste problem of the existing technology where "separation is the end point".

[0018] Secondly, the screening process ensures the homogeneity of raw materials by classifying and handling oversized materials; the combined use of spiral separator and vibrating screen in the crushing process enables precise grading of sand particles, and the particle size of the produced sand and gravel aggregate meets the requirements of "Construction Sand" (GB / T14684-2022); the homogenization treatment in the shredding and packaging process stabilizes the calorific value of biofuel at 1800-2200 kcal / kg, meeting the fuel standards for industrial boilers; the mixing ratio of soil and fly ash brick crushing products has been verified by the process, and the compaction degree of the resulting roadbed filler can reach more than 95%, which meets the requirements of "Technical Specification for Highway Subgrade Construction" (JTG / T 3610-2019).

[0019] Third, by setting up metal recovery equipment at both the front and rear ends of the sand making machine, and combining it with secondary metal separation in the shredding process, all metal particles with a diameter of ≥0.5mm can be recovered. The total metal recovery rate is more than 30% higher than that of existing technologies, effectively preventing the loss of metal resources.

[0020] Fourth, a baghouse dust collector is installed to meet the dry dust removal requirements at the sand separation point, with a dust removal efficiency of over 99%; a spray device is installed to meet the wet dust suppression requirements at the debris and soil separation point, reducing dust overflow by over 85% and reducing the dust concentration in the workshop to below 5mg / m³, far below the national standard limit, thus achieving clean production.

[0021] Fifth, each process operates independently yet collaboratively, and parameters can be flexibly adjusted according to the fluctuations in the composition of the original waste: when the proportion of bricks in the waste is high, the processing capacity of the secondary crusher can be increased; when the proportion of combustible components is high, the feeding speed of the shredder can be increased. No large-scale modification of the overall equipment is required, making it suitable for different regions and different types of construction and decoration waste treatment scenarios.

[0022] Sixth, the sand and gravel aggregates, roadbed fillers, biofuels, and recycled metals produced by this process can all be sold as commodities. Based on the calculation of processing 100,000 tons of construction and decoration waste per year, the annual output value can reach more than 12 million yuan. At the same time, it can reduce land occupation by about 15 mu and reduce carbon dioxide emissions by about 8,000 tons, realizing the industrial value of "turning waste into treasure".

[0023] The above overview is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and features of the invention will become readily apparent from the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is the overall process flow diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a detailed flowchart of the screening pretreatment process of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a complete flowchart of the metal recycling process of the present invention; Figure 4 This is the dust collaborative control process of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the biofuel preparation process of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] In the following description, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the described embodiments can be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the drawings and description are considered to be exemplary in nature and not restrictive.

[0027] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] Example 1: Construction waste disposal project in a residential community

[0029] Project Overview: The renovation waste in this community mainly comes from the interior renovations of 1,200 households. The total weight of the original waste is 8,000 tons. After pre-processing and sorting, the initial proportions of each component are shown in Table 1.

[0030] Table 1 Initial Proportion of Original Building Decoration Waste Components in Example 1

[0031] Implementation process: Screening pretreatment: 8,000 tons of raw waste are transported to a vibrating screen with a screen aperture of 180 mm, a screen inclination angle of 10°, a vibration frequency of 18 Hz, and screening for 4 minutes per batch. 1,560 tons of oversized materials are separated, including 896 tons of fly ash bricks, 744 tons of concrete blocks, and 820 tons of fabric clumps. 6,440 tons of mixed materials are left over from the screen.

[0032] Fly ash bricks are fed into a hammer crusher with a hammer linear velocity of 28 m / s. The crushed product has a particle size of ≤18 mm. It is mixed with the original soil (1320 tons) separated in the screening process at a mass ratio of 4:1. After being stirred evenly, 2216 tons of roadbed fill material are obtained.

[0033] Concrete blocks are fed into a jaw crusher (feed opening size 600mm×900mm, discharge opening size 50mm), and then into an impact crusher (rotor diameter 1000mm, speed 1000r / min). After being graded by a three-layer vibrating screen, 312 tons of 5-10mm aggregate, 265 tons of 10-20mm aggregate, and 167 tons of 20-31.5mm aggregate are produced.

[0034] The fabric clump is fed into a twin-shaft shredder (blade speed 90r / min). After primary shredding, the material particle size is 60-90mm, and it is then conveyed to a temporary storage bin for later use.

[0035] Crushing and sorting: 6440 tons of undersize mixture are fed into the sand making machine (rotor linear speed 50m / s) via a belt conveyor with a belt speed of 1.3m / s. The crushed material has a particle size ≤4.5mm. The crushed material then enters a spiral separator (screw pitch 220mm, rotation speed 12r / min), separating 2890 tons of sand and leaving 3550 tons of heavy mixture.

[0036] The sand particles are conveyed to a five-layer linear vibrating screen (screen aperture from top to bottom: 4.75mm, 2.36mm, 1.18mm, 0.6mm, 0.3mm, 0.15mm, vibration acceleration: 6g). After grading, the following results are obtained: 412 tons of 0-0.15mm sand, 586 tons of 0.15-0.3mm sand, 723 tons of 0.3-0.6mm sand, 587 tons of 0.6-1.18mm sand, 382 tons of 1.18-2.36mm sand, and 200 tons of 2.36-4.75mm sand.

[0037] The heavy mixture is conveyed to a double-layer circular vibrating screen (10mm screen hole in the upper layer and 2mm screen hole in the lower layer), which separates 1,420 tons of soil (which is incorporated into the roadbed filling process) and 2,130 tons of combustible materials (which are conveyed to the packaging process).

[0038] The first metal recovery device (permanent magnet magnetic separator with a magnetic field strength of 1300Gs + eddy current separator with a speed of 1800r / min) is set at the front end of the sand making machine, and the second metal recovery device (with the same parameters) is set at the rear end. A total of 336 tons of metal are recovered, including 287 tons of ferromagnetic metal and 49 tons of non-ferromagnetic metal.

[0039] Shredding and Packaging: 820 tons of shredded fabric from the primary shredding process and 2,130 tons of combustible material separated from the crushing and sorting process are combined to form a total of 2,950 tons, which are then conveyed to a fine shredder (blade gap 8mm, speed 180r / min). After secondary shredding, the particle size of the material is ≤18mm.

[0040] After being shredded, the material was separated into 120 tons of soil by a drum screen (2mm aperture) (which was returned to the soil mixing stage of the screening process). Then, it was separated into 28 tons of metal fragments by a magnetic separation belt (magnetic field strength 1100Gs) (which were included in the metal recycling products), resulting in 2802 tons of homogenized combustible fragments.

[0041] Combustible debris is fed into a hydraulic baler (compression force 250t) and compressed into biofuel blocks with dimensions of 800mm×600mm×400mm and a density of 1.0t / m³, totaling 2802 tons.

[0042] Dust control: A bag filter (filtration velocity 1.0 m / min, filter bag material polyester needle-punched felt) is connected to the top of the sealing cover of the first vibrating screen to collect 42 tons of fine dust during the sand separation process and return it to the 0-0.15mm sand outlet of the first vibrating screen.

[0043] Four sets of spray heads are arranged above the screen surface of the second vibrating screen (spray water pressure 0.25MPa, spray water volume 0.8L / min·m²), the atomized water droplet particle size is 70μm, the dust settling rate is 92%, and the actual dust concentration in the workshop is 4.2mg / m³.

[0044] Product statistics: The final output of this embodiment was 3,636 tons of roadbed filler, 1,026 tons of sand and gravel aggregate, 2,802 tons of biofuel, and 364 tons of recycled metal, with a resource utilization rate of 100%.

[0045] The quality indicators of each product are shown in Tables 2-5.

[0046] Table 2 Quality Indicators of Subgrade Fill Material in Example 1

[0047] Example 2: Construction Waste Disposal Project of a Commercial Complex

[0048] Project Overview: The construction waste from this commercial complex originated from the demolition of the interior decoration of 50,000 square meters of shops, with a total initial weight of 12,000 tons. The initial proportions of each component are shown in Table 6. Table 6 Initial Proportions of Original Building Decoration Waste Components in Example 2

[0049] Implementation process: Screening pretreatment: 12,000 tons of raw waste were transported to a vibrating screen with a screen aperture of 160 mm, a screen inclination angle of 9°, a vibration frequency of 17 Hz, and a screening time of 3.5 min / batch. 2,280 tons of oversized materials were separated, including 740 tons of fly ash bricks, 936 tons of concrete blocks, and 604 tons of fabric clumps. 9,720 tons of mixed materials were screened out.

[0050] Fly ash bricks are fed into a hammer crusher with a hammer linear velocity of 26 m / s. The crushed product has a particle size of ≤19 mm. It is mixed with the original soil (1620 tons) separated in the screening process at a mass ratio of 3.5:1 to produce 2360 tons of roadbed filler.

[0051] After being crushed by jaw crusher and impact crusher, the concrete blocks are graded by a three-layer vibrating screen, producing 412 tons of 5-10mm aggregate, 368 tons of 10-20mm aggregate, and 156 tons of 20-31.5mm aggregate.

[0052] After the fabric clumps are initially shredded by a twin-shaft shredder (blade speed 85r / min), the material particle size is 70-100mm, and it is temporarily stored for later use.

[0053] Crushing and sorting: 9720 tons of undersize mixed material is fed into the sand making machine (rotor linear speed 48m / s), and the particle size of the crushed material is ≤4.8mm.

[0054] The spiral separator (210mm pitch, 11r / min rotation speed) separated 4,320 tons of sand and 5,400 tons of heavy mixture.

[0055] The sand particles were classified by a five-layer linear vibrating screen (vibration acceleration 5.5g) to obtain 612 tons of 0-0.15mm sand, 876 tons of 0.15-0.3mm sand, 1080 tons of 0.3-0.6mm sand, 867 tons of 0.6-1.18mm sand, 582 tons of 1.18-2.36mm sand, and 303 tons of 2.36-4.75mm sand.

[0056] The heavy mixture was separated into 2,160 tons of soil (included in the roadbed filling process) and 3,240 tons of combustible materials by a double-layer circular vibrating screen.

[0057] The two-stage metal recovery equipment at the front and rear of the sand making machine (permanent magnet magnetic separator with a magnetic field strength of 1250Gs and eddy current separator with a speed of 1700r / min) recovered a total of 816 tons of metal, including 698 tons of ferromagnetic metal and 118 tons of non-ferromagnetic metal.

[0058] Shredding and Packaging: The 604 tons of shredded fabric and 3240 tons of combustible material, totaling 3844 tons, were further shredded by a fine shredder (7mm blade gap, 170r / min) to achieve a particle size ≤19mm. 152 tons of soil were separated by a drum screen (2mm aperture), and 32 tons of metal fragments were separated by a magnetic separation belt (1050Gs magnetic field strength), resulting in 3660 tons of homogenized combustible debris.

[0059] After being compressed by a hydraulic baler (compression force 230t), 3660 tons of biofuel were produced with a density of 0.95t / m³.

[0060] Dust control: The bag filter (filtration velocity 0.9 m / min) collects 58 tons of dust and returns it to the fine sand outlet.

[0061] The second vibrating screen's spray device (water pressure 0.22MPa, water flow 0.7L / min·m²) achieved a dust settling rate of 91%, with a workshop dust concentration of 4.5mg / m³.

[0062] Product statistics: This embodiment produced 4,140 tons of roadbed filler, 936 tons of sand and gravel aggregate, 3,660 tons of biofuel, and 848 tons of recycled metal, with a resource utilization rate of 100%. The quality indicators of each product are shown in Tables 7-10.

[0063] Table 7 Quality Indicators of Subgrade Fill Material in Example 2

[0064] Example 3: Waste disposal project for the renovation of an old residential community

[0065] Project Overview: The waste from the renovation of this old residential community came from the exterior wall renovation and interior simple demolition of three residential buildings. The total weight of the original waste was 6,000 tons, and the initial proportion of each component is shown in Table 11.

[0066] Table 11 Initial Proportion of Original Building Decoration Waste Components in Example 3

[0067] Implementation process: Screening pretreatment: 6,000 tons of raw waste were transported to a vibrating screen with a screen aperture of 190 mm, a screen inclination angle of 11°, a vibration frequency of 19 Hz, and a screening time of 4.5 min / batch. 1,380 tons of oversized materials were separated, including 858 tons of fly ash bricks, 342 tons of concrete blocks, and 180 tons of cloth clumps. 4,620 tons of mixed materials were screened out.

[0068] Fly ash bricks are fed into a hammer crusher with a hammer linear velocity of 29 m / s. The crushed product has a particle size of ≤17 mm. It is mixed with the original soil (1170 tons) separated from the screening process at a mass ratio of 4.8:1 to produce 2028 tons of roadbed filler.

[0069] After the concrete blocks are crushed and graded, 145 tons of 5-10mm aggregate, 112 tons of 10-20mm aggregate, and 85 tons of 20-31.5mm aggregate are produced.

[0070] After the fabric clumps are initially shredded by a twin-shaft shredder (blade speed 95r / min), the material particle size is 50-80mm, and it is temporarily stored for later use.

[0071] Crushing and sorting: 4620 tons of undersized mixed material are injected into the sand making machine (rotor linear speed 52m / s), and the particle size of the crushed material is ≤4.2mm.

[0072] The spiral separator (240mm pitch, 14r / min rotation speed) separated 2079 tons of sand and 2541 tons of heavy mixture.

[0073] The sand particles were classified by a five-layer linear vibrating screen (vibration acceleration 7g) to obtain 296 tons of 0-0.15mm sand, 423 tons of 0.15-0.3mm sand, 520 tons of 0.3-0.6mm sand, 418 tons of 0.6-1.18mm sand, 282 tons of 1.18-2.36mm sand, and 140 tons of 2.36-4.75mm sand.

[0074] The heavy mixture was separated into 1,016 tons of soil (included in the roadbed filling process) and 1,525 tons of combustible materials by a double-layer circular vibrating screen.

[0075] The two-stage metal recovery equipment at the front and rear of the sand making machine (permanent magnet magnetic separator with a magnetic field strength of 1400Gs and eddy current separator with a speed of 1900r / min) recovered a total of 210 tons of metal, including 182 tons of ferromagnetic metal and 28 tons of non-ferromagnetic metal.

[0076] Shredding and Baling: 180 tons of initially shredded fabric and 1525 tons of combustible material, totaling 1705 tons, were further shredded using a fine shredder (9mm blade gap, 190r / min) to achieve a particle size ≤17mm. 98 tons of soil were separated by a drum screen, and 21 tons of metal fragments were separated by a magnetic separation belt (1150Gs magnetic field strength), resulting in 1586 tons of homogenized combustible debris. This debris was then compressed by a hydraulic baler (280t compression force) to produce 1586 tons of biofuel with a density of 1.1t / m³.

[0077] Dust control: The bag filter (filtration velocity 1.1m / min) collects 32 tons of dust and returns it to the fine sand outlet.

[0078] The second vibrating screen's spray device (water pressure 0.28MPa, water flow 0.9L / min·m²) achieved a dust settling rate of 93%, with a workshop dust concentration of 4.0mg / m³.

[0079] Product statistics: This embodiment produced 3044 tons of roadbed filler, 342 tons of sand and gravel aggregate, 1586 tons of biofuel, and 231 tons of recycled metal, with a resource utilization rate of 100%. The quality indicators of each product are shown in Tables 12-15.

[0080] Table 12 Quality Indicators of Subgrade Fill Material in Example 3

[0081] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various variations or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, and these should all be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A fully integrated resource recovery process for construction and decoration waste, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Screening Pre-treatment: The raw construction and decoration waste is transported to a screening device and screened through a screen with a mesh size of 150-200mm to separate oversized materials from the undersize mixture. The oversized materials include fly ash bricks, large concrete blocks, and cloth clumps. The fly ash bricks are transported to a secondary crusher for crushing. The crushed product is mixed with the original soil separated in the screening process at a mass ratio of 3:1-5:1 to obtain roadbed filler. The large concrete blocks are transported to a dedicated crushing production line. After being crushed by jaw crusher and impact crusher, they are graded into sand and gravel aggregates with particle sizes of 5-10mm, 10-20mm, and 20-31.5mm by a multi-layer vibrating screen. The cloth clumps are transported to a twin-shaft shredder for primary shredding. The shredded material is then transported to the packaging process for later use. Step S2: Crushing and Sorting: The undersize mixture obtained in Step S1 is fed into a sand making machine via a belt conveyor for crushing. After crushing, the material first enters a spiral separator, where sand particles and heavy mixtures are separated by density difference. The sand particles are then conveyed to a first vibrating screen for grading, yielding finished sand with particle sizes of 0-0.15mm, 0.15-0.3mm, 0.3-0.6mm, 0.6-1.18mm, 1.18-2.36mm, and 2.36-4.75mm. The heavy mixture contains crushed combustible materials and soil, which are transported to the second vibrating screen for separation. The separated soil is incorporated into the blending process of the fly ash brick crushing products in step S1, and the separated combustible materials are transported to the packaging process. A first metal recovery device is set at the front end of the sand making machine's feed inlet, and a second metal recovery device is set at the rear end of the sand making machine's discharge outlet. Through the synergistic effect of two-stage magnetic separation and eddy current separation, various metal materials in the mixture, including ferromagnetic metals and non-ferromagnetic metals, are recovered throughout the entire process. Step S3: Shredding and Packaging: The shredded fabric material from Step S1 and the combustible material separated in Step S2 are collected and sent to a fine shredder for secondary shredding. After shredding, the material is separated by a combination of air classification and screening to remove metal fragments and soil, resulting in homogenized combustible fragments. The combustible fragments are then sent to a hydraulic baler for compression and packaging to produce a biofuel product with a density of 0.8-1.2 t / m³. Step S4: Dust Co-control: Differentiated dust control is implemented for the two dust-generating points, the first and second vibrating screens: A bag filter is connected to the top of the sealing cover of the first vibrating screen to absorb and collect fine dust generated during the vibration separation of sand particles through negative pressure, with a dust removal efficiency of over 99%; 3-5 sets of spray heads are evenly arranged above the screen surface of the second vibrating screen along the feeding direction to suppress the diffusion of dust generated during the separation of debris and soil through atomized water curtain, with the spray water pressure controlled at 0.2-0.3MPa, and the duration of a single spray is synchronized with the operating cycle of the vibrating screen.

2. The integrated resource utilization process for all components of construction and decoration waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sieve surface inclination angle of the sieve equipment mentioned in step S1 is 8-12°, the vibration frequency is 15-20Hz, and the sieve time is controlled at 3-5min / batch to ensure that the separation rate of oversized materials is ≥98%. The secondary crusher is a hammer crusher with a hammer linear velocity of 25-30 m / s. The particle size of the fly ash brick product after crushing is ≤20 mm, which meets the particle size requirements for mixing with soil. The blades of the dual-shaft shredder rotate at a speed of 80-100 r / min, and the particle size of the material after primary shredding of the cloth is 50-100 mm, which facilitates subsequent secondary shredding and packaging.

3. The integrated resource utilization process for all components of construction and decoration waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotor linear velocity of the sand making machine mentioned in step S2 is 45-55 m / s, and the particle size of the crushed material is ≤5 mm; The spiral blade pitch of the spiral separator is 200-250mm, the rotation speed is 10-15r / min, and the mud content of the separated sand particles is ≤3%. The first vibrating screen is a five-layer linear vibrating screen with screen apertures of 4.75mm, 2.36mm, 1.18mm, 0.6mm, 0.3mm, and 0.15mm from top to bottom, and a vibration acceleration of 5-8g, ensuring a sand particle grading accuracy of ≥95%. The second vibrating screen is a double-layer circular vibrating screen with an upper screen aperture of 10mm and a lower screen aperture of 2mm. The content of combustible components in the separated soil is ≤1%, which meets the impurity control requirements of the roadbed fill material.

4. The integrated resource utilization process for all components of construction and decoration waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, both the first metal recycling device and the second metal recycling device adopt a combination configuration of permanent magnet magnetic separator + eddy current separator: The magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet separator is 1200-1500 Gs, and it is used to recover ferromagnetic metals; the rotation speed of the eddy current separator is 1500-2000 r / min, and it is used to recover non-ferromagnetic metals such as aluminum and copper. The comprehensive metal recovery rate of the two-stage metal recycling equipment is ≥99.5%, and the purity of the separated metal products is ≥98%.

5. The integrated resource utilization process for all components of construction and decoration waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The blade gap of the fine shredder mentioned in step S3 is 5-10mm, the rotation speed is 150-200r / min, and the particle size of the combustible debris after secondary shredding is ≤20mm, to ensure the combustion stability of biofuel. The hydraulic baler has a compression force of 200-300t, and the size of the baled biofuel blocks is 800mm×600mm×400mm, which is convenient for transportation and storage.

6. The integrated resource utilization process for all components of construction and decoration waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The separation equipment mentioned in step S3 includes a drum screen installed at the discharge end of the fine shredder and a magnetic separator belt installed at the feed end of the baler. The sieve aperture of the drum screen is 2mm, which is used to separate the original soil mixed in with combustible debris; The magnetic field strength of the magnetic separator belt is 1000-1200 Gs, used to separate residual metal debris; After separation, the ash content of the finished biofuel product is ≤15%, and the calorific value is ≥1800kcal / kg.

7. The integrated resource utilization process for all components of construction and decoration waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filtration velocity of the baghouse dust collector in step S4 is 0.8-1.2 m / min, the filter bag material is polyester needle-punched felt, and the collected dust is returned to the fine sand outlet of the first vibrating screen to realize the resource reuse of dust. The spraying device has a spraying water volume of 0.5-1 L / min·m², and the atomized water droplet particle size is 50-100 μm, forming a full-coverage water curtain with the screen surface of the second vibrating screen, with a dust settling rate of ≥90%.

8. The integrated resource utilization process for all components of construction and decoration waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes component synergistic regulation steps: When the proportion of fly ash bricks in the original building decoration waste is ≥30%, the mixing ratio of fly ash brick crushing products and soil in step S1 is adjusted to 3:1 to improve the compressive strength of the roadbed fill. When the proportion of combustible components in the original construction and decoration waste is ≥40%, the feeding speed of the fine shredder in step S3 is increased by 20%, and the compression cycle of the baler is shortened by 15% to ensure the production capacity of biofuel is matched. When the metal content in the original building decoration waste is ≥5%, the magnetic field strength of the two-stage metal recycling equipment in step S2 is increased by 10% to improve the metal recycling efficiency.

9. The integrated resource utilization process for all components of construction and decoration waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The various processes in the process are connected by a closed belt conveyor, with no open transfer nodes throughout the entire process; The belt conveyor has a belt speed of 1.2-1.5 m / s, and 3-5 iron removal points are set during the conveying process to further reduce metal interference in subsequent processes; The drive motors of each piece of equipment are all controlled by frequency conversion, and the operating power is dynamically adjusted according to the feed rate, which reduces the unit energy consumption by 15-20% compared with the existing process.

10. The integrated resource utilization process for all components of construction and decoration waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes product quality testing steps: The compaction degree, CBR value, and moisture content of the prepared subgrade fill material are tested to ensure that they meet the standards for highway subgrade fill material. The crushing value, flaky particle content, and mud content of the prepared sand and gravel aggregates are tested to ensure that they meet the standards for construction sand. The calorific value, ash content, and volatile matter of the produced biofuel are tested to ensure that it meets industrial fuel standards. The purity and impurity content of the recycled metal materials are tested to ensure that they meet the standards for recycled metal raw materials; All product testing data are uploaded to the central control system in real time, enabling full-process quality traceability.

Images