A computing method suitable for free forging, die forging and ring rolling process forming

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of forging machine forming technology, and more particularly to a computing method suitable for free forging, die forging, and ring rolling blanking process forming, which comprises the following steps: S1, free forging forming and process treatment; S2, die forging forming and process treatment; S3, ring rolling blanking forming and process treatment; in S1, S11, the metal material is heated to a certain temperature to have good plasticity; S12, the metal material is extruded by a forging machine to change its shape; S13, the shape and size of the metal material are continuously measured and checked during the free forging forming process to ensure that the design requirements are met; S14, after the free forging is completed, the metal material is cooled to a fixed shape. The present application simultaneously realizes the functions of die forging, free forging, and ring rolling blanking on the moving workbench by moving the anvil device, ring rolling rotating arm, moving workbench, and transverse anvil moving device. Meanwhile, a large main cylinder is arranged in the middle of the main machine, and the two side cylinders can realize the function of fast forging.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of forging machine forming technology, and in particular to a calculation method applicable to free forging, die forging, and ring rolling billet forming processes. Background Technology

[0002] In current hydraulic presses, most forging machines have relatively simple functions, with most only capable of free forging or die forging. In the forging industry, several hydraulic presses are needed to complete these functions, which is inefficient and cannot effectively perform these processes. This invention utilizes an upper moving anvil device, a rolling ring arm, a moving worktable, and a transverse moving anvil device to simultaneously realize die forging, free forging, and rolling ring billet preparation on a moving worktable. Furthermore, a large main cylinder is arranged in the center of the main machine, and auxiliary cylinders on both sides enable rapid forging. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems existing in the prior art by proposing a calculation method applicable to free forging, die forging, and ring rolling processes.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A calculation method applicable to free forging, die forging, and ring rolling billet forming processes, wherein the forming process steps include: S1, free forging forming and process treatment; S2, die forging forming and process treatment; S3, ring rolling billet forming and process treatment; S1 includes: S11, heating the metal material to a certain temperature to give it good plasticity; S12. The shape of metal materials is changed by extruding them using a forging machine; S13. During the free forging process, continuously measure and inspect the shape and size of the metal material to ensure that it meets the design requirements; S14. After free forging is completed, it is cooled into a fixed shape; The calculation method for the free forging process is as follows: a. First, determine the mechanical property parameters of the metallic material, including the yield strength σ. y and elastic modulus E; b. Measure the dimensions of the metal material and set its length L. a Width W a and thickness T a ; c. Set the target dimensions of the free forging, and set the target length L. b Target width W b and thickness T b ; d. Calculate the required degree of deformation ε during free forging: ; e. Calculate the required forging force F based on the mechanical properties and degree of deformation of the metallic material: , where A is the original cross-sectional area of ​​the metallic material; S2 includes: S21, designing a mold based on the shape and size of the metal material formed by free forging as described above; S22. When a freely forged metal material is reheated to the forging temperature, the length change caused by thermal expansion during the heating process is calculated as follows: Where ΔL is the change in length, L0 is the initial length, α is the linear thermal expansion coefficient of the metallic material, and ΔT is the change in temperature; S23. The heated metal material is placed on the mold of the forging machine, and the heating temperature is set to 800℃ to 1200℃; S24. Use a forging machine to apply pressure to the metal material, so that it is formed in a mold; S25. The forged metal material is removed from the mold; S26. Perform cooling and heat treatment.

[0005] Furthermore, S3 includes S31, cutting the forged metal material; S32. Heat the cut metal material to the forging temperature; S33. The metal material is formed into the required shape through preliminary free forging; S34. Use a rolling ring structure to stamp metal materials into rings or cylinders: During the stamping process, the pressing speed of the slider (6) is set to 60-140 mm / s, and the return speed is 250-400 mm / s. S35. Finish the metal material after it has been stamped into a ring or cylindrical shape to achieve the required dimensions and surface quality. S36. Annealing or other heat treatments may be performed as needed to improve the properties of the metallic material.

[0006] Furthermore, the relative deformation calculation during the extrusion of the metal material by the forging machine in S12 is as follows: Where: ε1 is the relative deformation, ΔL is the change in length of the metallic material, and L0 is the initial length.

[0007] Furthermore, in S21, the cavity dimensions of the mold are calculated as follows: , where D 型腔 Where is the diameter of the cavity, D is the inner diameter of the molded part, t is the thickness of the metal material, and the length of the cavity is calculated as follows: L 型腔L is the length of the cavity, and L is the length of the metal material. The volume of the cavity can be calculated from this. .

[0008] Furthermore, in step S34, the area of ​​the stamping region when the metal material is stamped into a ring or cylindrical shape is: , where D 外 D represents the outer diameter of a ring-shaped or cylindrical part. 内 The inner diameter of a ring-shaped or cylindrical part is represented by ΔV, which is the amount of deformation of the metal material during stamping. , where V 原始 V is the volume of the original metallic material. 环形 It is the volume of the annular or cylindrical part, where, , where h is the height of the annular or cylindrical part.

[0009] Furthermore, during cooling in S14 and S26, the cooling time Δt of the metal material needs to be calculated separately. m And the cooling time Δt of the mold d The following formula is used to estimate the value based on the lumped parameter method: Cooling time for metallic materials: , where m m It refers to the quality of the metallic material, c p,m It is the specific heat capacity of metallic materials, h m Let A be the convective heat transfer coefficient of the metallic material surface. m T represents the heat transfer surface area of ​​a metallic material. m,初 It is the initial temperature of the metallic material, T m,末 It is the preset temperature at which the metal material finishes cooling, T 环境 It is the ambient temperature; the T mentioned m,初 Set to 950℃-1200℃, the T 环境 Set to 20℃-30℃; Mold cooling time: , where m d It's the quality of the mold, c p,d It is the specific heat capacity of metallic materials, h d Let A be the convective heat transfer coefficient of the mold surface. d T is the heat exchange surface area of ​​the mold. d,初 It is the initial temperature of the mold, T d,末 It is the preset temperature at the end of the mold cooling process.

[0010] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are: This invention proposes a calculation method applicable to free forging, die forging, and ring rolling blank forming processes. By using an upper moving anvil device, a ring rolling arm, a moving worktable, and a transverse moving anvil device, the functions of die forging, free forging, and ring rolling blank forming are simultaneously realized on the moving worktable. At the same time, a large main cylinder is arranged in the middle of the main machine, and the auxiliary cylinders on both sides can realize the function of fast forging. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the forging machine in this invention.

[0012] 1-Main cylinder; 2-Auxiliary cylinder; 3-Tie rod column; 4-Upper crossbeam; 5-Side beam; 6-Slider; 7-Upper anvil moving device; 8-Return cylinder; 9-Grinding ring swing arm; 10-Centering lifting mechanism; 11-Moving worktable; 12-Lower crossbeam; Detailed Implementation

[0013] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0014] Example 1: A calculation method applicable to free forging, die forging, and ring rolling billet forming processes, the forming steps of which include: S1, free forging forming and process treatment; S2, die forging forming and process treatment; S3, ring rolling billet forming and process treatment; S1 includes: S11, heating the metal material to a certain temperature. In this embodiment, the 45# steel billet is heated to 1200°C to give it better plasticity. S12. The shape of the metal material is changed by extrusion during the free forging process using a forging machine. In this embodiment, the forging machine includes a main cylinder 1, an auxiliary cylinder 2, and a tie rod column 3. The main cylinder 1, auxiliary cylinder 2, and tie rod column 3 are located at the upper crossbeam 4. A slider 6 and a lower crossbeam 12 are located below the upper crossbeam 4. The slider 6 and the upper crossbeam 12 are connected by a side beam 5. An upper moving anvil device 7 is provided on the side of the slider 6. The upper moving anvil device 7 includes an upper moving anvil cylinder and an upper anvil plate connected to the upper moving anvil cylinder. A multi-station movable worktable 11 is provided above the lower crossbeam 12. A return cylinder 8 is provided on the outside of the side beam 5 and is movably connected to the slider 6. Centering and lifting mechanisms 10 are provided on both sides of the worktable 11. The two sides of the centering and lifting mechanisms 10 are movably connected to the side beam 5 via guide rails. A rolling ring arm 9 is provided on the front side of the side beam 5. The rolling ring arm 9 is slidably connected to the slider 6. In this embodiment, the extrusion process in the free forging process is as follows: Step 1: The three positions of the worktable 11 are pushed by the cylinder of the transverse anvil moving device. Step 2: The cylinder of the upper anvil moving device 7 pushes the upper anvil plate to the working position. Step 3: The robot clamps the workpiece on the upper anvil plate. The centering and lifting mechanism 10 pushes the metal material to center through the cylinder. Step 4: The system supplies oil to the main cylinder 1 and the auxiliary cylinder 2. The slider moves down and the upper anvil plate in the upper anvil moving device 7 begins to forge the metal material.

[0015] Based on the above, the relative deformation calculation during the extrusion of metal materials by the forging machine in S12 is as follows: Where: ε1 is the relative deformation, ΔL is the change in length of the metal material, and L0 is the original length.

[0016] In this embodiment, it is assumed that a piece of metal with an original length of 100mm needs to be extruded and deformed, with a target deformation degree of 10%. The calculation formula for relative deformation during extrusion is as follows: Substituting L0 as 100mm and ε1 as 10% into the formula, we can calculate ΔL as 10mm. Thus, in this embodiment, the change in material length is 10mm. In this embodiment, the relative deformation of the material can be calculated based on the characteristics of different materials.

[0017] S13. During the forging process, continuously measure and inspect the shape and size of the material to ensure that it meets the design requirements. Specific operating methods include: 1. Before forging, use calipers, micrometers or other measuring tools to check the initial size of the metal material to ensure that it is within the specified tolerance range; 2. During the forging process, use sensors and camera systems to monitor the shape and size changes of the metal material in real time; 3. Perform regular measurements at each stage of forging to ensure that the deformation of the metal material meets expectations; 4. Record all measurement data during the forging process and perform statistical analysis to identify trends and potential problems.

[0018] S14. After free forging is completed, it is cooled into a fixed shape. That is, after free forging, the forging is cooled to room temperature in air.

[0019] Example 2, based on the above examples, includes the following step S2: S21, designing a mold according to the shape and size of the metal material after free forging. In this example, the cavity size of the mold is calculated as follows: , where D 型腔 D is the diameter of the cavity, t is the inner diameter of the formed part, and t is the thickness of the metal material. The mold is designed based on the shape and size of the blank after free forging, with the inner diameter of the formed part set to D = 300mm and the wall thickness t = 50mm. The cavity diameter is calculated as follows: ; The length of the cavity is calculated as follows: L 型腔 L is the length of the cavity, and L is the length of the metal material. The blank length L0 is set to 350mm, and the change due to thermal expansion is considered. In this embodiment, take α= 1.2×10 -5 / ℃, ΔT = 950℃ (heating from room temperature 20℃ to 970℃), then: ; Cavity length: ; Cavity volume (assuming it is cylindrical): ; In this embodiment, the cavity dimensions of the mold are calculated based on the actual situation and the requirements of the molded part.

[0020] Based on the above embodiment, S22, the freely forged metal material is reheated to the forging temperature (950°C). Thermal expansion calculations are performed as above to correct the mold dimensions; S23. The heated metal material is placed on the mold of the forging machine, and the heating temperature is set to 800℃ to 1200℃; S24. Applying pressure to metal materials using a forging machine to form them in a mold is called die forging. S25. The formed metal material is removed from the mold; the metal material is removed from the mold by the ejector cylinder 14 in this embodiment to eject the formed metal material from the mold; S26. Perform cooling and heat treatment.

[0021] The forged part is cooled in air; calculate the cooling time for both the metal material and the die. Ambient temperature T. 环境 =25℃.

[0022] Cooling time Δt of metallic materials m : In this embodiment, the mass m of the metal material is set. m =120kg, specific heat capacity c p,m =0.5KJ / (kg·K)=500J / (kg·K), heat transfer coefficient h m =100w / (m 2 .K), heat exchange surface area A m =0.8m 2 Initial temperature T m,初 =950℃, Ending temperature T m,末 =100℃, .

[0023] Mold cooling time Δt d : The mold material is H13 steel, and its mass is m. d =500kg, specific heat capacity c p,d =460J / (kg·K), heat transfer coefficient h d =80W / (m 2 .K)(The heat dissipation of the mold surface is slightly poor), heat exchange surface area A d =1.5m 2， Initial temperature T d,初 =300℃ (after preheating) End temperature T d,末 =50℃, .

[0024] Continuing on the basis of the above embodiments, S3 includes S31, cutting the forged metal material into ring blanks of the required size; S32. Heat the cut metal material to the forging temperature (1150℃). S33. To achieve the desired shape of metal materials through free forging; S34. A rolling ring structure is used to stamp metal materials into a ring or cylindrical shape. In this embodiment, the rolling ring structure consists of a slider 6 and a rolling ring arm 9 on a forging machine, which work together to stamp the metal material into a ring or cylindrical shape. Stamping parameters: slider pressing speed 100mm / s, return speed 300mm / s. Area of ​​the stamping region (i.e., area of ​​the annular end face): Take the outer diameter D 外 =500mm, inner diameter D 内 =400mm, then , Material deformation Original volume V 原始 The blank before cutting was measured to be 3.2 × 10⁻⁶.6 mm 3 Volume of the ring-shaped component (height h = 150 mm). , Here, V 环形 Greater than V 原始 This is because the material is stretched and thinned during the ring rolling process, and the volume should be conserved. In actual operation, the wall thickness and height need to be controlled to ensure V. 环形 =V 原始 In this embodiment, if the volumes are not equal, the target size needs to be adjusted. S35. The metal material after ring rolling is precision machined to achieve the required dimensions and surface quality; S36. Annealing or other heat treatments may be performed as needed to improve the properties of the metallic material.

[0025] Example 2 is basically the same as Example 1, except that: The metal material was changed to 42CrMo, and the heating temperature was adjusted to 1100℃.

[0026] The degree of free forging deformation ε=0.25, and the corresponding yield strength σ is used when calculating the forging force. y =600MPa.

[0027] The pressing speed of the slider during ring rolling is set to 60 mm / s, and the return speed is 250 mm / s.

[0028] In the cooling calculation, the ambient temperature is taken as 20℃, the initial temperature of the metal material is taken as 1200℃, and the final temperature is taken as 150℃. The calculated cooling time is: , The other steps are the same as in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0029] The above specific embodiments fully demonstrate the application methods of all formulas in the technical solution, and are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A calculation method applicable to free forging, die forging, and ring rolling processes, characterized in that, The forming process includes the following steps: S1, free forging and processing; S2, die forging and processing; S3, ring rolling and billet forming and processing. S1 includes: S11, heating the metal material to a certain temperature to give it good plasticity; S12. The shape of metal materials is changed by extruding them using a forging machine; S13. During the free forging process, continuously measure and inspect the shape and size of the metal material to ensure that it meets the design requirements; S14. After free forging is completed, it is cooled into a fixed shape; The calculation method for the free forging process is as follows: a. First, determine the mechanical property parameters of the metallic material, including the yield strength σ. y and elastic modulus E; b. Measure the dimensions of the metal material and set its length L. a Width W a and thickness T a ; c. Set the target dimensions of the free forging, and set the target length L. b Target width W b and thickness T b ; d. Calculate the required degree of deformation ε during free forging: ; e. Calculate the required forging force F based on the mechanical properties and degree of deformation of the metallic material: , where A is the original cross-sectional area of ​​the metallic material; S2 includes: S21, designing a mold based on the shape and size of the metal material formed by free forging as described above; S22. When a freely forged metal material is reheated to the forging temperature, the length change caused by thermal expansion during the heating process is calculated as follows: Where ΔL is the change in length, L0 is the initial length, α is the linear thermal expansion coefficient of the metallic material, and ΔT is the change in temperature; S23. The heated metal material is placed on the mold of the forging machine, and the heating temperature is set to 800℃ to 1200℃; S24. Use a forging machine to apply pressure to the metal material, so that it is formed in a mold; S25. The forged metal material is removed from the mold; S26. Perform cooling and heat treatment.

2. The calculation method applicable to free forging, die forging, and ring rolling processes as described in claim 1, characterized in that, S3 includes S31, cutting the forged metal material; S32. Heat the cut metal material to the forging temperature; S33. The metal material is formed into the required shape through preliminary free forging; S34. Use a rolling ring structure to stamp metal materials into rings or cylinders: During the stamping process, the pressing speed of the slider (6) is set to 60-140 mm / s, and the return speed is 250-400 mm / s. S35. Finish the metal material after it has been stamped into a ring or cylindrical shape to achieve the required dimensions and surface quality. S36. Annealing or other heat treatments may be performed as needed to improve the properties of the metallic material.

3. The calculation method applicable to free forging, die forging, and ring rolling processes as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The relative deformation calculation during the extrusion of metal materials by the forging machine in S12 is as follows: Where: ε1 is the relative deformation, ΔL is the change in length of the metallic material, and L0 is the initial length.

4. The calculation method applicable to free forging, die forging, and ring rolling processes as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S21, the cavity dimensions of the mold are calculated as follows: , where D 型腔 Where is the diameter of the cavity, D is the inner diameter of the molded part, t is the thickness of the metal material, and the length of the cavity is calculated as follows: L 型腔 L is the length of the cavity, and L is the length of the metal material. The volume of the cavity can be calculated from this. .

5. The calculation method applicable to free forging, die forging, and ring rolling processes as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S34, the area of ​​the stamping region when the metal material is stamped into a ring or cylindrical shape is: , where D 外 D represents the outer diameter of a ring-shaped or cylindrical part. 内 The inner diameter of a ring-shaped or cylindrical part is represented by ΔV, which is the amount of deformation of the metal material during stamping. , where V 原始 V is the volume of the original metallic material. 环形 It is the volume of the annular or cylindrical part, where, , where h is the height of the annular or cylindrical part.

6. The calculation method applicable to free forging, die forging, and ring rolling processes according to claim 1, characterized in that: During cooling in S14 and S26, the cooling time Δt of the metal material needs to be calculated separately. m And the cooling time Δt of the mold d The following formula is used to estimate the value based on the lumped parameter method: Cooling time for metallic materials: , where m m It refers to the quality of the metallic material, c p,m It is the specific heat capacity of metallic materials, h m Let A be the convective heat transfer coefficient of the metallic material surface. m T represents the heat transfer surface area of ​​a metallic material. m,初 It is the initial temperature of the metallic material, T m,末 It is the preset temperature at which the metal material finishes cooling, T 环境 It is the ambient temperature; the T mentioned m,初 Set to 950℃-1200℃, the T 环境 Set to 20℃-30℃; Mold cooling time: , where m d It's the quality of the mold, c p,d It is the specific heat capacity of metallic materials, h d Let A be the convective heat transfer coefficient of the mold surface. d T is the heat exchange surface area of ​​the mold. d,初 It is the initial temperature of the mold, T d,末 It is the preset temperature at the end of the mold cooling process.

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