Photovoltaic cell slicing and laser grooving processing system, method, device and storage medium

Abstract

The application provides a photovoltaic cell slicing laser slotting processing system, method, device and storage medium, relates to the photovoltaic cell processing technical field, and the system comprises: a laser regulation module is used to generate a laser beam, and the phase and amplitude of the laser beam are adjusted; a dynamic focusing module is used to adjust the laser focus of the laser beam according to the position information, thickness information and environmental parameters of the photovoltaic cell slice; a motion control module is used to control the photovoltaic cell slice to move to a target position according to the laser focus; a slotting processing module is used to control the laser beam to perform slotting processing on the photovoltaic cell slice; and a detection feedback module is used to detect the processed photovoltaic cell slice, and evaluate the processing quality according to the detection result. The application effectively improves the slotting precision, improves the overall production efficiency, and ensures that high-quality slotting effects can be stably output under different environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic cell processing technology, specifically to a photovoltaic cell slicing laser grooving processing system, method, equipment, and storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] Against the backdrop of global energy structure transformation, the photovoltaic industry, as an important component of the renewable energy system, is in a phase of rapid development. As a core component of photovoltaic power generation systems, the production efficiency and quality of photovoltaic cells directly determine the conversion efficiency and industrialization cost of photovoltaic energy. Among these processes, the laser slicing and grooving technology is a crucial step in photovoltaic cell manufacturing, and its technological level has a vital impact on the photoelectric conversion performance and overall efficiency of the cells.

[0003] However, current laser grooving technology for photovoltaic cell slicing still faces several pressing technical challenges. Regarding focusing methods, traditional fixed focal length designs lack flexibility, failing to adapt to variations in photovoltaic cell slice thickness and thus hindering precision, resulting in poor grooving quality stability. In terms of processing efficiency, single-beam processing is limited by energy density and range, making it difficult to meet the demands of large-scale photovoltaic production, significantly increasing production costs and time. Furthermore, existing simple multi-beam stacking techniques fail to achieve precise coordinated control of beam phase, amplitude, and polarization state parameters, preventing effective energy coupling and synergy between beams. This leads to uneven energy distribution and inconsistent groove depth and width during grooving, ultimately affecting the stability of grooving quality. Therefore, it is crucial to address the low precision and quality issues in current photovoltaic cell slicing laser grooving technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a photovoltaic cell slicing laser grooving processing system, method, equipment and storage medium, which effectively solves the problem of low precision and quality of slicing laser grooving in the photovoltaic cell production process in the prior art.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a laser grooving processing system for slicing photovoltaic cells, the system comprising: A laser control module is used to generate a laser beam and adjust the phase and amplitude of the laser beam; The dynamic focusing module is used to adjust the laser focus of the laser beam based on the position information, thickness information and environmental parameters of the photovoltaic cell slice; The motion control module is used to control the photovoltaic cell slice to move to the target position according to the laser focus; The grooving module is used to control the laser beam to perform grooving on the photovoltaic cell slices; The inspection feedback module is used to inspect the processed photovoltaic cell slices and evaluate the processing quality based on the inspection results.

[0006] In an optional implementation, the laser control module includes: The laser generating unit is used to generate infrared laser beams, green laser beams, and ultraviolet laser beams. An optical modulation unit is used to adjust the phase and amplitude of the infrared laser beam, the green laser beam, and the ultraviolet laser beam, respectively.

[0007] In an optional implementation, the dynamic focusing module includes: A position detection unit is used to detect the position of the photovoltaic cell slice and obtain the position information; A thickness detection unit is used to detect the thickness of the photovoltaic cell slice and obtain the thickness information; An environmental monitoring unit is used to monitor the temperature, humidity, and air pressure of the processing environment where the photovoltaic cell slices are located in real time, and to obtain the environmental parameters. A focusing control unit is used to adjust focusing parameters according to the position information, the thickness information, and the environmental parameters to obtain the laser focus.

[0008] In an optional implementation, the motion control module includes: A parameter calculation unit is used to calculate the motion parameters of the photovoltaic cell slice based on the laser focus, the motion parameters including movement parameters and rotation parameters; A motor control unit is used to control a target motor to drive the photovoltaic cell slice to the target position according to the motion parameters. The target motor includes a linear motor and a rotary motor.

[0009] In an optional implementation, the motion control module further includes: A backup control unit is used to continue controlling the target motor when the motor control unit fails. The motion prediction unit is used to predict and adjust motion deviations based on the operating data of the target motor and the material parameters of the photovoltaic cell slice.

[0010] In an optional implementation, the grooving module includes: A slicing preheating unit is used to control the infrared laser beam to preheat the photovoltaic cell slices; The preliminary grooving unit is used to control the green laser beam to perform preliminary grooving on the photovoltaic cell slice; A fine grooving unit is used to control the ultraviolet laser beam to finely groove the photovoltaic cell slice; A polarization control unit is used to control the infrared laser beam, the green laser beam, and the ultraviolet laser beam to work together in the target polarization state.

[0011] In an optional implementation, the detection feedback module includes: The slicing inspection unit is used to perform image inspection, optical inspection and laser ultrasonic inspection on the processed photovoltaic cell slices to obtain inspection results. The inspection results include at least image inspection results, slicing grooving parameters and internal defects of the slices. The quality assessment unit evaluates the processing quality of the processed photovoltaic cell slices based on the test results and generates processing recommendations based on the processing quality.

[0012] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for laser grooving of photovoltaic cell slices, the method being applied to the photovoltaic cell laser grooving system described in the first aspect of the present invention, the method comprising: A laser beam is generated, and the phase and amplitude of the laser beam are adjusted. The laser focus of the laser beam is adjusted based on the location, thickness, and environmental parameters of the photovoltaic cell slices. The photovoltaic cell slice is controlled to move to the target position based on the laser focus; The laser beam is controlled to perform grooving processing on the photovoltaic cell slices; The processed photovoltaic cell slices are inspected, and the processing quality is evaluated based on the inspection results.

[0013] Thirdly, the present invention provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the photovoltaic cell slicing laser grooving processing method as described in the second aspect of the present invention.

[0014] Fourthly, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the photovoltaic cell slicing laser grooving processing method as described in the second aspect of the present invention.

[0015] The photovoltaic cell slicing laser grooving system, method, equipment, and storage medium provided by this invention utilize dynamic focusing technology to adjust the laser focus position in real time, ensuring the laser is always precisely focused on the target position of the photovoltaic cell slice. This significantly reduces problems such as uneven grooving width and inconsistent depth caused by focus deviation, effectively improving grooving accuracy and meeting the stringent requirements of photovoltaic cell high-precision processing. The multi-laser beam collaborative mode avoids the tedious process of repeated processing with a single laser beam, significantly shortening processing time and improving overall production efficiency, which is beneficial for large-scale mass production of photovoltaic cells. Simultaneously, it can monitor environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, and air pressure in real time. When the environment changes, it automatically adjusts the focusing algorithm to compensate for the impact of environmental factors on laser focusing and processing quality, ensuring stable output of high-quality grooving results under different environments and guaranteeing the continuity and stability of production. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a first schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic cell slicing laser grooving processing system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a second schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic cell slicing laser grooving processing system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a third schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic cell slicing laser grooving processing system provided in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a fourth schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic cell slicing laser grooving processing system provided in this embodiment of the invention; Figure 5 This is the fifth schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic cell slicing laser grooving processing system provided in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is the sixth schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic cell slicing laser grooving processing system provided in this embodiment of the invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic cell slicing laser grooving processing method provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Explanation of key component symbols: 100. Photovoltaic cell slicing laser grooving processing system; 110. Laser control module; 111. Laser generation unit; 112. Optical modulation unit; 120. Dynamic focusing module; 121. Position detection unit; 122. Thickness detection unit; 123. Environmental monitoring unit; 124. Focusing control unit; 130. Motion control module; 131. Parameter calculation unit; 132. Motor control unit; 133. Control backup unit; 134. Motion prediction unit; 140. Grooving processing module; 141. Slicing preheating unit; 142. Preliminary grooving unit; 143. Fine grooving unit; 144. Polarization control unit; 150. Detection feedback module; 151. Slicing detection unit; 152. Quality assessment unit; 300. Electronic equipment; 310. Processor; 320. Communication interface; 330. Memory; 340. Communication bus. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be further described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this invention. It should be noted that the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0020] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0021] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0022] Laser grooving, a crucial step in photovoltaic cell manufacturing, significantly impacts the photoelectric conversion performance and overall efficiency of the cells. However, current laser grooving technology faces several pressing technical challenges. Regarding focusing methods, traditional fixed-focal-length designs lack flexibility, failing to adapt to variations in photovoltaic cell slice thickness and hindering precision adjustments, resulting in poor grooving quality stability. In terms of processing efficiency, single-beam processing is limited by energy density and range, making it difficult to meet the demands of large-scale photovoltaic production, significantly increasing production costs and time. Furthermore, existing simple multi-beam stacking techniques fail to achieve precise coordinated control of beam phase, amplitude, and polarization state parameters, preventing effective energy coupling and synergy between beams. This leads to uneven energy distribution and inconsistent groove depth and width during grooving, ultimately affecting the stability of grooving quality. Therefore, it is urgent to address the low precision and quality issues in current laser grooving technologies for photovoltaic cell production.

[0023] Example 1 This invention provides a photovoltaic cell slicing laser grooving processing system, which effectively solves the problem of low precision and quality in the existing photovoltaic cell slicing laser grooving process. Figure 1 This is a first schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic cell slicing laser grooving processing system provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the photovoltaic cell slicing laser grooving processing system 100 includes a laser control module 110, a dynamic focusing module 120, a motion control module 130, a grooving processing module 140, and a detection feedback module 150.

[0024] The laser control module 110 is used to generate a laser beam and adjust the phase and amplitude of the laser beam. Figure 2 This is a second schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic cell slicing laser grooving processing system provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown, the laser control module 110 includes a laser generation unit 111 and an optical modulation unit 112.

[0025] In this embodiment of the invention, the laser generating unit 111 includes three independent high-stability laser generators that produce three laser beams of different wavelengths: a 1064nm infrared laser beam, a 532nm green laser beam, and a 355nm ultraviolet laser beam. These three laser beams have different characteristics, enabling them to complement each other. The infrared laser beam has strong penetrating power, making it suitable for preheating and preliminary processing of thicker materials. The green laser beam has good material absorption characteristics, which can reduce the heat-affected zone while ensuring a certain processing depth. The ultraviolet laser beam has extremely high photon energy, enabling nonlinear interactions with materials to achieve micro-machining and high-quality grooving effects.

[0026] In this embodiment of the invention, three laser generators are independently equipped with FPGA driver modules. These FPGA driver modules can quickly process complex logic operations and control commands, ensuring the efficient operation of the laser generators. The FPGA driver modules pre-store parameter mapping tables for continuous wave, pulse wave, and ultrashort pulse modes, including wavelength, energy, and frequency, providing precise parameter data for laser processing. During actual processing, these parameters are accessed in real time via a high-speed SPI bus, enabling rapid and accurate adjustment of the laser generator's operating state to meet different processing requirements.

[0027] In this embodiment of the invention, the three laser generators can rapidly switch between continuous wave, pulsed wave, and ultrashort pulse modes, a feature that greatly expands the system's application range. The continuous wave mode is suitable for processing scenarios requiring continuous and stable energy output, such as large-area preheating of materials. The pulsed wave mode, by adjusting the pulse frequency and energy, enables precise material removal, suitable for both roughing and finishing stages. The ultrashort pulse mode, with its extremely high peak power and extremely short pulse duration, allows for instantaneous micro-machining of materials, reducing the heat-affected zone and improving processing quality, making it particularly suitable for high-precision slicing and grooving of photovoltaic cell wafers.

[0028] Optionally, the output wavelength accuracy of each laser beam can be set to ±0.5nm, ensuring high consistency and stability. This allows for precise application to the photovoltaic cell wafer material during processing, reducing uneven energy distribution caused by wavelength deviations and ensuring dimensional accuracy and edge quality of the grooving. The energy adjustment resolution can be set to 0.05W, enabling the system to precisely adjust the laser energy according to different processing requirements, such as photovoltaic cell wafers of varying thicknesses and materials. This avoids material damage due to excessive energy or ineffective grooving due to insufficient energy. The pulse frequency adjustment resolution can be set to 0.05kHz, allowing for flexible control of the laser pulse output to meet the precise pulse frequency requirements of different processing techniques, thus improving processing flexibility and adaptability.

[0029] The optical modulation unit 112 is used to adjust the phase and amplitude of the infrared laser beam, green laser beam, and ultraviolet laser beam, respectively. In this embodiment of the invention, the optical modulation unit 112 uses a high-speed liquid crystal-based modulation device to precisely modulate the phase and amplitude of the laser beams, achieving efficient collaborative control of multiple beams. During multi-beam collaborative processing, precise adjustment of phase and amplitude can control the interference and superposition effects between beams, enabling the laser energy to form an optimal distribution in the processing area, thereby improving processing efficiency and quality.

[0030] Optionally, phase modulation is based on a liquid crystal spatial light modulator, which can achieve a phase modulation range of ±8°, corresponding to a wavefront shift of ±λ / 4, where λ represents the laser wavelength, thus providing a hardware foundation for precise control of the laser beam phase. Simultaneously, a Shack-Hartmann sensor is used to monitor the phase difference of each beam in real time, with a monitoring accuracy of ±5°, ensuring timely understanding of the phase state and providing a basis for subsequent adjustments.

[0031] Optionally, amplitude modulation is achieved by integrating an InGaAs power detector and an acousto-optic modulator. The power detector has a measurement accuracy of ±0.1%, enabling precise measurement of laser energy. The acousto-optic modulator has a response time of less than 1µs, achieving rapid response and energy regulation. A third-order polynomial model of the acousto-optic modulator's driving voltage and output energy can be established to effectively compensate for the nonlinearity error of the acousto-optic modulator and improve energy regulation accuracy. The determination coefficient of this third-order polynomial model is greater than 0.999. Simultaneously, during high-speed processing, a raised cosine filtering algorithm can be used to control energy fluctuations within ±3%, ensuring energy stability during processing. High-speed processing is defined as processing speeds greater than 1000mm / s, and the cutoff frequency of the raised cosine filtering algorithm is 500Hz.

[0032] In this embodiment of the invention, by linking phase modulation and amplitude modulation, the energy density fluctuation of the focal spot is ensured to be less than ±5%, so that the phase and amplitude of the laser beam cooperate with each other during the processing to maintain a stable focal spot energy distribution, thereby improving the quality and stability of laser grooving.

[0033] The dynamic focusing module 120 is used to adjust the laser focus of the laser beam based on the position information, thickness information and environmental parameters of the photovoltaic cell slice. Figure 3 This is a third schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic cell slicing laser grooving processing system provided in this embodiment of the invention, as shown below. Figure 3 As shown, the dynamic focusing module 120 includes a position detection unit 121, a thickness detection unit 122, an environmental monitoring unit 123, and a focusing control unit 124.

[0034] The position detection unit 121 is used to detect the position of the photovoltaic cell slice and obtain position information. In this embodiment of the invention, the position detection unit 121 can be a high-precision grating ruler, which is installed on the guide rail of the photovoltaic cell slice motion platform to ensure that it can accurately detect the position changes of the photovoltaic cell slice. By monitoring the position changes of the photovoltaic cell slice in the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis directions in real time, position information is obtained.

[0035] The thickness detection unit 122 is used to detect the thickness of the photovoltaic cell slice and obtain thickness information. In this embodiment of the invention, the thickness detection unit 122 adopts a capacitive thickness sensor. This capacitive thickness sensor uses a non-contact measurement method, closely adhering to the surface of the photovoltaic cell slice material without affecting its movement. A dynamically changing capacitor structure is formed between the photovoltaic cell slice material and the electrode plate of the capacitive thickness sensor. At this time, the photovoltaic cell slice material can be regarded as part of the capacitor's dielectric. Its thickness change directly affects the capacitance value. By accurately measuring the change in capacitance value, the thickness of the photovoltaic cell slice material can be deduced, thus obtaining thickness information.

[0036] The environmental monitoring unit 123 is used to monitor the temperature, humidity, and air pressure of the photovoltaic cell slicing environment in real time to obtain environmental parameters. Environmental factors have a potential impact on laser focusing accuracy; for example, temperature changes may cause thermal expansion and contraction of materials, humidity changes may affect the performance of optical components, and air pressure changes may alter laser propagation characteristics. In this embodiment of the invention, the environmental monitoring unit 123 employs high-precision temperature and humidity sensors and air pressure sensors to monitor the temperature, humidity, and air pressure of the processing environment in real time to obtain environmental parameters.

[0037] The focusing control unit 124 is used to adjust the focusing parameters according to position information, thickness information, and environmental parameters to obtain the laser focus. In this embodiment of the invention, the focusing control unit 124 employs a high-speed digital signal processor (DSP) and an electrically controlled zoom lens. The DSP can quickly process data transmitted from the position detection unit 121, thickness detection unit 122, and environmental monitoring unit 123, and generate corresponding control commands according to preset rules and algorithms. For example, when environmental parameters exceed the preset range, the DSP will automatically adjust the focusing control algorithm to compensate for the influence of environmental factors on focusing accuracy, ensuring the timeliness and accuracy of focusing adjustment. Position information and thickness information provide important references for focusing control, ensuring that the laser can be accurately focused on the target position of the slice, and adjusting the focusing parameters according to the slice thickness to ensure processing quality. The electrically controlled zoom lens is connected to the DSP. The response time of the electrically controlled zoom lens is less than 10μs, which can adjust the focal length according to the focusing parameters in a very short time to adapt to the rapidly changing needs during photovoltaic cell slicing processing.

[0038] Optionally, the focusing control unit 124 is also equipped with an adaptive optics element. This element can acquire a 32×32 pixel light spot array via a Shack-Hartmann sensor, calculate the centroid offset using an FPGA in parallel, and convert it into wavefront error. When the wavefront error exceeds ±0.1λ, the adaptive optics element immediately corrects the laser beam wavefront in real time. This real-time monitoring and correction mechanism effectively eliminates wavefront distortion caused by various factors during laser beam propagation, ensuring the roundness and symmetry of the focused spot. This keeps the deviation between the laser beam focus and the surface of the sliced ​​material within ±0.5μm, guaranteeing that the depth, width, and shape of the groove meet design requirements, thus improving grooving accuracy and product quality.

[0039] In this embodiment of the invention, the adaptive optics element can be a thin-film deformable mirror. This thin-film deformable mirror has a response time of less than 1 ms and a surface shape accuracy of 7 nm, enabling timely adjustment of the mirror shape based on wavefront distortion information fed back by the Shack-Hartmann sensor. The high surface shape accuracy ensures the quality of the corrected laser beam wavefront. The thin-film deformable mirror adjusts its surface shape in real time via a piezoelectric ceramic actuator. This piezoelectric ceramic actuator features high precision and high response speed, allowing for precise control of the movement of each unit of the deformable mirror, thereby achieving accurate correction of the laser beam wavefront.

[0040] Meanwhile, the focusing control unit 124 acquires the laser power signal collected by the InGaAs power detector to ensure accurate monitoring of laser energy. The stability of laser power has a significant impact on the processing effect. By monitoring the power signal in real time, the laser output can be adjusted in a timely manner to ensure consistent processing quality.

[0041] Furthermore, for the sensor data acquired by each sensor, a combination of median filtering and Kalman filtering can be used to eliminate sensor noise. Median filtering can effectively remove impulse noise, while Kalman filtering can provide optimal signal estimation, further reducing noise interference and improving data accuracy and reliability. Recording the collected sensor data provides a basis for subsequent data analysis and system optimization. By analyzing historical data, potential problems in system operation can be identified, allowing for further optimization of the focusing control algorithm and improvement of system performance and stability.

[0042] The motion control module 130 is used to control the movement of the photovoltaic cell slice to the target position according to the laser focus. Figure 4 This is a fourth schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic cell slicing laser grooving processing system provided in this embodiment of the invention, as shown below. Figure 4 As shown, the motion control module 130 includes a parameter calculation unit 131, a motor control unit 132, a control backup unit 133, and a motion prediction unit 134.

[0043] The parameter calculation unit 131 is used to calculate the motion parameters of the photovoltaic cell slice based on the laser focus. These motion parameters include movement parameters and rotation parameters. The movement parameters include the direction and distance of movement. Based on the current and target positions of the laser focus, a path planning algorithm, such as the A* algorithm or Dijkstra's algorithm, is used to determine the optimal movement path of the photovoltaic cell slice on the processing plane, thereby calculating the direction and distance of movement. The rotation parameters include at least the rotation angle. When the photovoltaic cell slice needs to be tilted or processed at a specific angle, the rotation angle needs to be calculated. Vector operations and matrix transformation algorithms can be used to handle spatial geometric relationships to obtain the rotation angle.

[0044] The motor control unit 132 is used to control the target motor to drive the photovoltaic cell slices to the target position according to the motion parameters. The target motor includes a linear motor and a rotary motor. In this embodiment of the invention, high-precision linear and rotary motors are used. The positioning accuracy of the linear motor is ±0.0005mm, the repeatability is ±0.0002mm, and the maximum speed is 1200mm / s. The positioning accuracy of the rotary motor is ±0.0005°, the repeatability is ±0.0002°, and the maximum speed is 1200r / min.

[0045] The backup control unit 133 is used to continue controlling the target motor when the motor control unit fails. This backup control unit 133 employs a hot backup method, meaning the primary and backup control units operate simultaneously. Under normal operating conditions, the motor control unit 132 is responsible for performing motion control tasks, while the backup control unit 133 remains in standby mode, but both synchronize data in real time. This synchronization includes motion parameters, status information, and control commands, ensuring that the backup control unit 133 has a comprehensive understanding of the operating status of the motor control unit 132.

[0046] The motion prediction unit 134 is used to predict and adjust motion deviations based on the operating data of the target motor and the material parameters of the photovoltaic cell slices. In this embodiment of the invention, the motion prediction unit 134 uses a Kalman filter algorithm for motion trajectory prediction, taking the motor operating data as input to the Kalman filter algorithm to update the system state estimate. Photovoltaic cell slices of different materials and thicknesses have different physical properties, such as hardness and elastic modulus. These properties affect the interaction process between the laser and the slice, thereby affecting the load and motion trajectory of the target motor. Incorporating these properties into the Kalman filter algorithm can improve the accuracy of motion trajectory prediction. By analyzing the motor operating data and the material properties of the slices, the Kalman filter algorithm can predict potential deviations in the motion trajectory in advance. When a motion deviation is predicted, the motor control unit 132 will adjust the control commands in a timely manner, enabling the target motor to move along the predetermined trajectory, thereby correcting the motion deviation and ensuring the accuracy of the slotting position.

[0047] The grooving module 140 is used to control the laser beam to groove the photovoltaic cell slices. Figure 5 This is the fifth schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic cell slicing laser grooving processing system provided in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 5 As shown, the grooving processing module 140 includes a slice preheating unit 141, a preliminary grooving unit 142, a fine grooving unit 143, and a polarization control unit 144. Multiple laser beams act simultaneously on the photovoltaic cell slices according to preset energy, pulse frequency, phase difference, and polarization state to perform grooving processing.

[0048] The slicing preheating unit 141 is used to control the laser generator to generate a 1064nm infrared laser beam to preheat the photovoltaic cell slices, reduce material brittleness, and reduce edge chipping during the photovoltaic cell slicing process.

[0049] The preliminary grooving unit 142 is used to control the laser generator to generate a 532nm green laser beam to perform preliminary grooving on the photovoltaic cell slices and determine the basic shape and position of the groove.

[0050] The fine grooving unit 143 is used to control the laser generator to generate a 355nm ultraviolet laser beam to finely groove the photovoltaic cell slices, thereby improving the flatness and precision of the groove wall.

[0051] The polarization control unit 144 is used to control the coordinated action of the infrared laser beam, the green laser beam, and the ultraviolet laser beam under the target polarization state. In this embodiment of the invention, the polarization control unit 144 enables the laser beams of different wavelengths to work in a coordinated manner under a specific polarization state through a polarization controller. For example, the 1064nm infrared laser beam and the 532nm green laser beam are orthogonally polarized, reducing interference and energy loss between the beams and optimizing the interaction between the laser and the sliced ​​material.

[0052] Optionally, a processing parameter template library can be established to provide standardized processing parameters for photovoltaic cell slices of different specifications and types. When switching processing modes or processing photovoltaic cell slices of different specifications, the current mode output is first turned off to avoid potential energy interference and instability during mode switching, ensuring the safety of the processing. Then, the target mode parameters are loaded into the register, enabling the new processing parameters to be applied to the laser generator quickly and accurately, reducing switching time. Finally, the energy and frequency deviations are calibrated using a PID algorithm. The PID algorithm features fast response and precise adjustment, enabling calibration of energy and frequency deviations in a very short time, ensuring the stability and consistency of the laser output.

[0053] The inspection feedback module 150 is used to inspect the processed photovoltaic cell slices and evaluate the processing quality based on the inspection results. Figure 6 This is the sixth schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic cell slicing laser grooving processing system provided in this embodiment of the invention, as shown below. Figure 6 As shown, the detection feedback module 150 includes a slice detection unit 151 and a quality assessment unit 152.

[0054] The slicing inspection unit 151 is used to perform image inspection, optical inspection, and laser ultrasonic inspection on the processed photovoltaic cell slices to obtain inspection results. The inspection results include at least image inspection results, slicing grooving parameters, and internal defects of the slices. The slicing inspection unit 151 uses a high-speed camera to acquire images of the processed photovoltaic cell slices in real time, and is equipped with an optical sensor with an accuracy of ±0.005µm to detect grooving width, grooving depth, and edge roughness. Laser ultrasonic inspection equipment is used to detect internal defects of the processed photovoltaic cell slices.

[0055] In this embodiment of the invention, a high-speed camera can capture details during the processing with extremely high temporal and spatial resolution. During the grooving process, it can clearly record images of the interaction between the laser and the slice, the formation and removal of chips, and the dynamic changes in the grooving. A large amount of grooving image data is collected by the high-speed camera and annotated to mark various defect types, such as cracks, burrs, and incomplete grooving. Then, this annotated data is used to train a deep learning model such as TensorFlow, enabling the model to learn the characteristics of different defects. The trained model is integrated into the slice detection unit 151, which analyzes the images captured by the high-speed camera in real time during processing and automatically identifies the defect types during the grooving process.

[0056] In this embodiment of the invention, the optical sensor can detect slicing and grooving parameters such as groove width, groove depth, and edge roughness in real time. It utilizes optical principles, such as laser interferometry and triangulation, to perform non-contact measurements on the grooved surface, offering high precision and high speed. During processing, the optical sensor can provide real-time feedback of measurement data, providing a basis for adjusting processing parameters.

[0057] In this embodiment of the invention, the laser ultrasonic testing equipment uses a pulsed laser to irradiate the surface of the processed photovoltaic cell slice. The energy of the pulsed laser is absorbed, causing thermal expansion and subsequently generating ultrasonic waves. These ultrasonic waves propagate within the slice, and when they encounter internal cracks or delamination, reflection and scattering occur. An ultrasonic sensor receives these propagating ultrasonic signals and converts them into electrical signals. Signal analysis and processing techniques such as Fourier transform and wavelet analysis are used to extract characteristic information such as frequency, amplitude, and phase from the electrical signals, thereby determining whether defects exist within the slice and the type and location of those defects.

[0058] The quality assessment unit 152 assesses the processing quality of the processed photovoltaic cell slices based on the test results and generates processing recommendations based on the processing quality.

[0059] In this embodiment of the invention, after identifying defects in the grooving process based on image detection, the quality assessment unit 152 generates corresponding processing suggestions based on preset rules and experiential knowledge. For example, for crack defects, it suggests adjusting parameters such as laser power and scanning speed; for burr defects, it suggests optimizing tool or laser cutting parameters.

[0060] In this embodiment of the invention, the Python Scikit-learn library is used to process and analyze historical processing data. This historical processing data includes processing parameters (such as laser power, scanning speed, and focal point position), slicing and grooving parameters (such as groove width, groove depth, and defect type), and processing quality indicators (such as grooving accuracy and surface roughness). Through data preprocessing and feature extraction, the raw data is converted into a format suitable for machine learning models. Then, appropriate machine learning algorithms, such as decision trees, support vector machines, and neural networks, are selected to establish a processing quality prediction model. Finally, through continuous learning and analysis of historical processing data, the machine learning algorithm can automatically adjust the model's parameters, improving the model's prediction accuracy.

[0061] In this embodiment of the invention, internal defects and residual stress distribution of the slices are obtained through laser ultrasonic testing. Combined with the detection results of atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, the processing quality is comprehensively evaluated. Laser ultrasonic testing mainly targets internal defects, while the detection results of atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy focus on the detection of surface microstructure and structure. The combination of the three can comprehensively and accurately evaluate the processing quality of photovoltaic cell slices.

[0062] The photovoltaic cell slicing laser grooving system provided in this invention utilizes dynamic focusing technology to adjust the laser focus position in real time, ensuring the laser is always precisely focused on the target location of the photovoltaic cell slice. This significantly reduces problems such as uneven grooving width and inconsistent depth caused by focus deviation, effectively improving grooving accuracy and meeting the stringent requirements of high-precision processing for photovoltaic cells. Simultaneously, it can monitor environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, and air pressure in real time. When the environment changes, it automatically adjusts the focusing algorithm to compensate for the impact of environmental factors on laser focusing and processing quality, ensuring stable output of high-quality grooving results under different environments and guaranteeing the continuity and stability of production.

[0063] Example 2 Based on the same technical concept as in Embodiment 1, this embodiment of the invention provides a method for laser grooving of photovoltaic cell slices, which is applied to the photovoltaic cell slice laser grooving system 100 in Embodiment 1. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic cell slicing laser grooving processing method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 7 As shown, the method includes the following steps: S100 generates a laser beam and adjusts the phase and amplitude of the laser beam.

[0064] In this embodiment of the invention, three laser beams of different wavelengths are generated by three independent high-stability laser generators, namely an infrared laser beam of 1064nm, a green laser beam of 532nm, and an ultraviolet laser beam of 355nm. The phase and amplitude of the laser beams are precisely modulated by a high-speed modulation device based on liquid crystal, thereby realizing efficient collaborative control of multiple beams.

[0065] S200: Adjust the laser focus of the laser beam based on the location, thickness, and environmental parameters of the photovoltaic cell slice.

[0066] In this embodiment of the invention, the location information, thickness information, and environmental parameters of the photovoltaic cell slice are acquired. The location and thickness information provide important references for focusing control, ensuring that the laser can be accurately focused on the target position of the slice. The focusing parameters are adjusted according to the slice thickness to ensure processing quality. When the environmental parameters exceed the preset range, the focusing control algorithm is automatically adjusted to compensate for the impact of environmental factors on focusing accuracy, ensuring the timeliness and accuracy of focusing adjustment.

[0067] S300: Controls the movement of photovoltaic cell slices to the target position based on the laser focus.

[0068] In this embodiment of the invention, the motion parameters of the photovoltaic cell slice are calculated based on the laser focus, and the target motor is controlled to drive the photovoltaic cell slice to the target position based on the motion parameters. Furthermore, the motion deviation is predicted and adjusted based on the operating data of the target motor and the material parameters of the photovoltaic cell slice.

[0069] S400 controls the laser beam to perform grooving processing on photovoltaic cell slices.

[0070] In this embodiment of the invention, multiple laser beams are controlled to act simultaneously on photovoltaic cell slices according to preset energy, pulse frequency, phase difference and polarization state to perform grooving processing.

[0071] S500: Inspect the processed photovoltaic cell slices and evaluate the processing quality based on the inspection results.

[0072] In this embodiment of the invention, the processed photovoltaic cell slices are subjected to image detection, optical detection, and laser ultrasonic detection to obtain detection results. The detection results include at least image detection results, slicing grooving parameters, and internal defects of the slices. Simultaneously, the processing quality of the processed photovoltaic cell slices is evaluated based on the detection results, and processing suggestions are generated based on the processing quality.

[0073] The photovoltaic cell slicing laser grooving processing method provided in this invention uses a multi-laser beam division of labor and cooperation mode, which avoids the tediousness of repeated processing with a single laser beam, significantly shortens the processing time, improves the overall production efficiency, and is conducive to the large-scale mass production of photovoltaic cells.

[0074] It is understood that the implementation method of the photovoltaic cell slicing laser grooving processing system described in Embodiment 1 above is also applicable to this embodiment and can achieve the same technical effect, so it will not be described again here.

[0075] Example 3 Based on the same concept, embodiments of the present invention also provide an electronic device. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the electronic device 300 may include a processor 310, a communication interface 320, a memory 330, and a communication bus 340, wherein the processor 310, the communication interface 320, and the memory 330 communicate with each other via the communication bus 340. The processor 310 can call logical instructions in the memory 330 to execute the steps of the photovoltaic cell slicing laser grooving processing method as described in the above embodiments. For example, it includes: S100 generates a laser beam and adjusts the phase and amplitude of the laser beam; S200: Adjust the laser focus of the laser beam based on the location information, thickness information, and environmental parameters of the photovoltaic cell slice; S300: Control the movement of the photovoltaic cell slice to the target position according to the laser focus; S400: Control the laser beam to perform grooving processing on photovoltaic cell slices; S500: Inspect the processed photovoltaic cell slices and evaluate the processing quality based on the inspection results.

[0076] The processor 310 can be a central processing unit (CPU). The processor can also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, or combinations of the above types of chips.

[0077] Furthermore, the logical instructions in the aforementioned memory 330 can be implemented as software functional units and, when sold or used as independent products, can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, essentially, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0078] The memory 330 may include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store the operating system and applications required for at least one function; the data storage area may store data created by the processor, etc. Furthermore, the memory may include high-speed random access memory and non-transitory memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-transitory solid-state storage device. In some embodiments, the memory may optionally include memory remotely located relative to the processor, which can be connected to the processor via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, corporate intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.

[0079] Example 4 Based on the same concept, embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program containing at least one piece of code executable by a master control device to control the master control device to implement the steps of the photovoltaic cell slicing laser grooving processing method as described in the above embodiments. For example, it includes: S100 generates a laser beam and adjusts the phase and amplitude of the laser beam; S200: Adjust the laser focus of the laser beam based on the location information, thickness information, and environmental parameters of the photovoltaic cell slice; S300: Control the movement of the photovoltaic cell slice to the target position according to the laser focus; S400: Control the laser beam to perform grooving processing on photovoltaic cell slices; S500: Inspect the processed photovoltaic cell slices and evaluate the processing quality based on the inspection results.

[0080] Based on the same technical concept, this embodiment of the invention also provides a computer program, which, when executed by a master control device, is used to implement the above-described method embodiments.

[0081] The computer program may be stored, in whole or in part, on a computer-readable storage medium packaged with the processor, or in part or in whole on a memory not packaged with the processor.

[0082] Based on the same technical concept, embodiments of the present invention also provide a processor for implementing the above-described method embodiments. The processor may be a chip.

[0083] In summary, the photovoltaic cell slicing laser grooving system, method, equipment, and storage medium provided by this invention, through dynamic focusing technology, can adjust the laser focus position in real time, ensuring that the laser is always precisely focused on the target position of the photovoltaic cell slice. This greatly reduces problems such as uneven grooving width and inconsistent depth caused by focus deviation, effectively improving grooving accuracy and meeting the stringent requirements of photovoltaic cells for high-precision processing. The multi-laser beam collaborative mode avoids the tedious process of repeated processing with a single laser beam, significantly shortening processing time and improving overall production efficiency, which is beneficial for large-scale mass production of photovoltaic cells. Simultaneously, it can monitor environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, and air pressure in real time. When the environment changes, it automatically adjusts the focusing algorithm to compensate for the impact of environmental factors on laser focusing and processing quality, ensuring stable output of high-quality grooving effects under different environments, and guaranteeing the continuity and stability of production.

[0084] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0085] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

[0086] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser grooving processing system for slicing photovoltaic cells, characterized in that, The system includes: A laser control module is used to generate a laser beam and adjust the phase and amplitude of the laser beam; The dynamic focusing module is used to adjust the laser focus of the laser beam based on the position information, thickness information and environmental parameters of the photovoltaic cell slice; The motion control module is used to control the photovoltaic cell slice to move to the target position according to the laser focus; The grooving module is used to control the laser beam to perform grooving on the photovoltaic cell slices; The inspection feedback module is used to inspect the processed photovoltaic cell slices and evaluate the processing quality based on the inspection results.

2. The photovoltaic cell slicing laser grooving system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laser control module includes: The laser generating unit is used to generate infrared laser beams, green laser beams, and ultraviolet laser beams. An optical modulation unit is used to adjust the phase and amplitude of the infrared laser beam, the green laser beam, and the ultraviolet laser beam, respectively.

3. The photovoltaic cell slicing laser grooving system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic focusing module includes: A position detection unit is used to detect the position of the photovoltaic cell slice and obtain the position information; A thickness detection unit is used to detect the thickness of the photovoltaic cell slice and obtain the thickness information; An environmental monitoring unit is used to monitor the temperature, humidity, and air pressure of the processing environment where the photovoltaic cell slices are located in real time, and to obtain the environmental parameters. A focusing control unit is used to adjust focusing parameters according to the position information, the thickness information, and the environmental parameters to obtain the laser focus.

4. The photovoltaic cell slicing laser grooving system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The motion control module includes: A parameter calculation unit is used to calculate the motion parameters of the photovoltaic cell slice based on the laser focus, the motion parameters including movement parameters and rotation parameters; A motor control unit is used to control a target motor to drive the photovoltaic cell slice to the target position according to the motion parameters. The target motor includes a linear motor and a rotary motor.

5. The photovoltaic cell slicing laser grooving system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The motion control module also includes: A backup control unit is used to continue controlling the target motor when the motor control unit fails. The motion prediction unit is used to predict and adjust motion deviations based on the operating data of the target motor and the material parameters of the photovoltaic cell slice.

6. The photovoltaic cell slicing laser grooving system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The grooving processing module includes: A slicing preheating unit is used to control the infrared laser beam to preheat the photovoltaic cell slices; The preliminary grooving unit is used to control the green laser beam to perform preliminary grooving on the photovoltaic cell slice; A fine grooving unit is used to control the ultraviolet laser beam to finely groove the photovoltaic cell slice; A polarization control unit is used to control the infrared laser beam, the green laser beam, and the ultraviolet laser beam to work together in the target polarization state.

7. The photovoltaic cell slicing laser grooving system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection feedback module includes: The slicing inspection unit is used to perform image inspection, optical inspection and laser ultrasonic inspection on the processed photovoltaic cell slices to obtain inspection results. The inspection results include at least image inspection results, slicing grooving parameters and internal defects of the slices. The quality assessment unit evaluates the processing quality of the processed photovoltaic cell slices based on the test results and generates processing recommendations based on the processing quality.

8. A method for laser grooving of photovoltaic cell slices, characterized in that, The method is applied to the photovoltaic cell slicing laser grooving processing system according to any one of claims 1-7, and the method includes: A laser beam is generated, and the phase and amplitude of the laser beam are adjusted. The laser focus of the laser beam is adjusted based on the location, thickness, and environmental parameters of the photovoltaic cell slices. The photovoltaic cell slice is controlled to move to the target position based on the laser focus; The laser beam is controlled to perform grooving processing on the photovoltaic cell slices; The processed photovoltaic cell slices are inspected, and the processing quality is evaluated based on the inspection results.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, The processor executes the computer program to implement the photovoltaic cell slicing laser grooving processing method as described in claim 8.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the laser grooving processing method for photovoltaic cell slicing as described in claim 8.

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