A laser engraving positioning device and a positioning method for a workpiece

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of laser processing, in particular to a laser etching positioning device and a positioning method for a workpiece. The laser etching positioning device comprises an operation table, a light plate and two trapezoidal plates. The light plate is horizontally fixed on the operation table. The trapezoidal plates are arranged on the light plate through driving mechanisms. The device further comprises side plates and pressing plates. The side plates are respectively arranged on the trapezoidal plates through elastic assemblies. The pressing plates are respectively arranged on the operation table through lifting assemblies. The lifting assemblies are respectively connected with the elastic assemblies through time-delay transmission assemblies. In the application, the side plates are combined with the elastic assemblies to flexibly clamp the workpiece. The buffering effect of the elastic assemblies avoids rigid collision damage to the workpiece and simultaneously accumulates elastic potential energy. Through linkage design of the time-delay transmission assemblies, the elastic potential energy is converted into the downward pressing action of the pressing plates after lateral positioning is completed. The timing cooperation of lateral clamping and top pressing is realized. The workpiece is finally pressed and fixed only after complete positioning, so that interference between positioning and pressing actions is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser processing technology, specifically a laser engraving positioning device and a method for positioning workpieces. Background Technology

[0002] Laser engraving relies on a laser to generate a high-energy laser beam of a specific wavelength through stimulated emission. This beam is then focused by a lens to form a tiny spot with high power density, using thermal effects as the core energy to remove excess material.

[0003] In the field of laser engraving, precise spatial positioning of the workpiece is essential for achieving high-precision pattern etching. With the widespread adoption of automated production lines, vision positioning systems are widely used in laser engraving equipment, determining the workpiece's processing coordinates through camera image acquisition and recognition. However, in actual production, the camera's accuracy in recognizing the workpiece's edge contours is often limited due to the metal workpiece's material, surface reflectivity, and interference from ambient light, leading to positioning deviations and consequently affecting the accuracy of the laser engraved pattern's position.

[0004] Existing laser engraving positioning devices mostly use rigid clamps to hold and fix the workpiece. While this clamping method can provide stable fixing force, it is prone to causing surface damage to the workpiece due to mechanical hard contact during the clamping process. This is especially true for precision electronic components or workpieces with surface coatings, where even slight bumps can lead to product scrap. In addition, traditional positioning devices usually only provide a single action of lateral clamping or top pressing, making it difficult to achieve the timing coordination of lateral positioning and top pressing. This often results in the workpiece being clamped and fixed before it is fully positioned, or the top pressing action being delayed after lateral clamping, causing the workpiece to tilt and resulting in a shift in the positioning reference.

[0005] In terms of processing requirements, some workpieces require double-sided laser engraving or bottom processing. However, existing devices usually place the workpiece directly on the worktable, with the bottom of the workpiece in contact with the worktable. This not only limits the accessibility of bottom processing but also poses a risk of the laser beam damaging the worktable. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a laser engraving positioning device and a positioning method for workpieces, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A laser engraving positioning device includes an operating table, a light plate, and two trapezoidal plates. The light plate is horizontally fixed on the operating table and uses backlighting to make the workpiece to be processed above it clearer. The two trapezoidal plates are symmetrically arranged on the light plate by a driving mechanism. The driving mechanism can drive the two trapezoidal plates to move closer to each other to lift the metal workpiece from the light plate for laser cutting and engraving. It also includes two side plates and two pressure plates. The two side plates are slidably mounted on the two trapezoidal plates by two sets of elastic components. When the two side plates abut against the two ends of the workpiece and the two trapezoidal plates continue to move closer, the two sets of elastic components will activate. The two pressure plates are symmetrically arranged on the operating table by two sets of lifting components, and the two sets of lifting components are connected to the two sets of elastic components by two sets of time-delay transmission components. When the two sets of elastic components move, the two lifting components will delay and drive the two pressure plates to press the top of the workpiece. The light plate is also provided with a centering component, which can clamp the front and rear ends of the workpiece.

[0008] The laser engraving positioning device as described above: The drive mechanism includes a bidirectional lead screw and a stepper motor, and the bidirectional lead screw is horizontally rotatably mounted on the optical plate; The two trapezoidal plates are horizontally symmetrically slidably disposed on the smooth plate and threadedly engaged with the bidirectional lead screw, while the stepper motor is vertically fixedly disposed on the operating table.

[0009] The laser engraving positioning device as described above: A rotating shaft is vertically rotatable on the operating platform, and the bottom of the rotating shaft is coaxially and fixedly connected to the output end of the stepper motor. A driving bevel gear is coaxially fixedly mounted on the top of the rotating shaft, and a driven bevel gear that meshes with the driving bevel gear is coaxially fixedly mounted on the bidirectional lead screw.

[0010] The laser engraving positioning device as described above: The elastic component includes a rotating rod, a sleeve, and a collar. The rotating rod is horizontally arranged and one end is rotatably connected to one side of the side plate. The side plate is horizontally slidably arranged on the top surface of the trapezoidal plate. The sleeve is sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating rod and rotatably arranged on the smooth plate. The collar is sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating rod and fixedly mounted on the trapezoidal plate. Both the sleeve and the collar are slidably engaged with the rotating rod.

[0011] The laser engraving positioning device as described above: The outer wall of the rotating rod is fixedly provided with a protruding post along its length direction, and the inner wall of the sleeve is provided with a groove along its length direction. The protruding post is embedded in the groove and slides with each other. The inner wall of the collar is fitted with rolling steel balls, and the outer wall of the rotating rod is provided with a spiral groove along its length. The steel balls are also fitted with rolling steel balls in the spiral groove. The outer wall of the rotating rod is fitted with a spring, and the two ends of the spring abut against the side plate and the collar, respectively. A large bevel gear is coaxially fixed on the outer wall of the sleeve.

[0012] The laser engraving positioning device as described above: The lifting assembly includes a bracket, a threaded rod, and a threaded sleeve. The bracket is fixedly mounted on the smooth plate, the threaded rod is vertically rotatably mounted on the bracket, and the threaded sleeve is threadedly engaged with the threaded rod. A vertical plate is fixedly mounted on the bracket, and a limiting groove is vertically provided on the vertical plate. A sliding column is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the threaded sleeve, and the sliding column is located in the limiting groove and is slidably engaged.

[0013] The laser engraving positioning device as described above: The time-delay transmission assembly includes a drive screw, a transmission shaft, and a cross plate. The drive screw and the transmission shaft are both vertically rotatably mounted on the bracket. A collar and a ring are respectively fixedly mounted on the cross plate. The collar and the ring are slidably sleeved on the outer walls of the drive screw and the transmission shaft, respectively. The collar is threadedly engaged with the screw. A small bevel gear that meshes with the large bevel gear is coaxially fixed on the drive screw. When the drive screw rotates, the collar, the cross plate and the ring will move down synchronously.

[0014] The laser engraving positioning device as described above: The inner wall of the ring is fitted with rolling balls, and the outer wall of the drive shaft is provided with a straight groove and a spiral groove from top to bottom along its length. The bottom end of the straight groove is connected to the top end of the spiral groove, and the rolling balls are also fitted into the straight groove. A drive pulley is coaxially fixed on the drive shaft, and a driven pulley is coaxially fixed on the threaded rod. The drive pulley and the driven pulley are connected by a toothed belt.

[0015] The laser engraving positioning device as described above: The centering component includes a baffle and a pusher plate arranged symmetrically at the front and back. The baffle is fixedly connected to the light plate, and the pusher plate is horizontally slidably disposed on the light plate. An electric push rod is fixedly mounted horizontally on the light plate, and the output end of the electric push rod is fixedly connected to the push plate.

[0016] A method for positioning a workpiece, using the aforementioned laser engraving positioning device, includes the following steps: Step 1: Place the workpiece on the light plate, turn on the backlight of the light plate to improve the clarity of the workpiece outline, and activate the centering component to clamp the front and rear ends of the workpiece, so that the workpiece is centered in the horizontal plane. Step 2: Start the drive mechanism to move the two trapezoidal plates closer to each other along the surface of the smooth plate. The trapezoidal plates use their wedge structure to lift the workpiece from the surface of the smooth plate during horizontal movement. At the same time, the trapezoidal plates move the side plates toward the workpiece. The side plates abut against the end of the workpiece to achieve lateral positioning. As the trapezoidal plates continue to move closer, the elastic component undergoes elastic deformation, so that the side plates form a flexible clamp on the workpiece. The elastic component transmits the action to the time-delay transmission component. Step 3: The time-delay transmission component performs time-delay transmission under the continuous action of the elastic component. After the lateral clamping is completely stable, the driving lifting component drives the pressure plate to descend and press the top of the workpiece, so as to achieve all-round fixation of the workpiece when it is lifted and detached from the bare plate. Step 4: After processing, the drive mechanism reverses to separate the trapezoidal plate from the opposite side, the elastic component resets, the time-delay transmission component moves in the opposite direction to make the pressure plate rise first to release the top clamping, then the side plate releases the workpiece, the workpiece falls back to the surface of the smooth plate, the centering component resets, and the workpiece is removed.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The backlighting of the light plate improves the clarity of the workpiece outline, enabling the laser engraving machine's camera to more accurately lock onto the processing area and reduce errors. The drive mechanism drives the trapezoidal plate to symmetrically lift the workpiece, so that the surface to be processed is suspended off the surface of the light plate. This not only protects the light plate from laser engraving damage, but also provides operating space for bottom processing. 2. In terms of clamping and positioning, the cooperation between the side plate and the elastic component realizes the flexible clamping of the workpiece. When the trapezoidal plate continues to approach, the buffering effect of the elastic component avoids damage to the workpiece from rigid collisions, while accumulating elastic potential energy. Through the linkage design of the time-delay transmission component, the elastic potential energy is converted into the downward pressing action of the pressure plate after the lateral positioning is completed, realizing the timing coordination of lateral clamping and top pressing, ensuring that the workpiece is finally pressed after it is fully positioned, and avoiding interference between the positioning and pressing actions. 3. The centering component clamps the front and rear ends of the workpiece and the left and right sides of the side plates to form a four-sided positioning reference, ensuring that the workpiece is accurately centered in the horizontal plane. Combined with the top pressing of the pressure plate, it forms a stable and fixed state in all directions, which improves the stability and processing accuracy of the workpiece during laser engraving. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the laser engraving positioning device; Figure 2 Cross-sectional view of the operating table and light plate in the laser engraving positioning device; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 4Cross-sectional views of the trapezoidal plate, side plate, sleeve, collar, and large bevel gear in the laser engraving positioning device; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view at point B in the middle; Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing the disassembled elastic component in the laser engraving positioning device; Figure 7 Cross-sectional view of the bracket, horizontal plate and circular ring in the laser engraving positioning device; Figure 8 for Figure 7 Enlarged view at point C; Figure 9 for Figure 7 Enlarged view at point D; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the disassembled lifting component and time-delay transmission component in the laser engraving positioning device.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. Control panel; 2. Plain plate; 3. Trapezoidal plate; 4. Side plate; 5. Pressure plate; 6. Bidirectional lead screw; 7. Stepper motor; 8. Rotating shaft; 9. Driving bevel gear; 10. Driven bevel gear; 11. Rotating rod; 1101. Protruding post; 1102. Spiral groove; 12. Sleeve; 1201. Groove; 13. Collar; 14. Steel ball; 15. Spring; 16. Large bevel gear; 17. Support; 18. 19. Threaded rod; 20. Threaded sleeve; 21. Vertical plate; 22. Limiting groove; 23. Sliding column; 24. Drive screw; 25. Transmission shaft; 26. Straight groove; 27. Helical groove; 28. Horizontal plate; 29. ​​Ring; 20. Circular ring; 21. Small bevel gear; 22. Ball bearing; 33. Driven pulley; 34. Toothed belt; 35. Baffle; 36. Push plate; 37. Electric push rod. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0021] Please see Figure 1-10 As an embodiment of the present invention, a laser engraving positioning device includes an operating table 1, a light plate 2, and two trapezoidal plates 3. The light plate 2 is horizontally fixed on the operating table 1, and the backlight makes the workpiece to be processed above it clearer. The two trapezoidal plates 3 are symmetrically arranged on the light plate 2 by a driving mechanism. The driving mechanism can drive the two trapezoidal plates 3 to move closer to each other to lift the metal workpiece from the light plate 2 for laser cutting and laser engraving. It also includes two side plates 4 and two pressure plates 5. The two side plates 4 are slidably disposed on the two trapezoidal plates 3 by two sets of elastic components. When the two side plates 4 abut against the two ends of the workpiece and the two trapezoidal plates 3 continue to move closer, the two sets of elastic components will act. The two pressure plates 5 are symmetrically arranged on the operating table 1 by two sets of lifting components, and the two sets of lifting components are connected to the two sets of elastic components by two sets of time-delay transmission components. When the two sets of elastic components are activated, the two lifting components will delay and drive the two pressure plates 5 to press the top of the workpiece. The light plate 2 is also provided with a centering component, which can clamp the front and rear ends of the workpiece.

[0022] In this embodiment, the light plate 2 is horizontally fixed on the operating table 1 to provide backlight illumination for the workpiece placed above it, making the outline of the workpiece clearly visible. Two trapezoidal plates 3 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the light plate 2 through a drive mechanism. When the drive mechanism is activated, the two trapezoidal plates 3 move closer to each other and use their wedge structure to lift the workpiece from the surface of the light plate 2 while moving horizontally, so that the laser beam will not damage the components below the workpiece during the laser cutting and engraving process. The side plate 4 is slidably mounted on the trapezoidal plate 3 and connected by an elastic component. When the trapezoidal plate 3 moves the side plate 4 toward the workpiece, the side plate 4 first abuts against the end of the workpiece to achieve lateral positioning. If the trapezoidal plate 3 continues to move closer, the elastic component undergoes elastic deformation to absorb the continued displacement of the trapezoidal plate 3, so that the side plate 4 achieves flexible clamping while maintaining close contact with the workpiece, thus avoiding rigid collision damage to the workpiece. The movement of the elastic component is transmitted to the lifting component through the time-delay transmission component. This transmission path has a time-delay characteristic, ensuring that the lateral clamping action is completely stable before the lifting component drives the pressure plate 5 to descend and press the top of the workpiece, thus achieving the timing coordination of lateral positioning and top pressing. Meanwhile, the centering component is set on the light plate 2, which clamps the front and rear ends of the workpiece before, during or after the workpiece is lifted, and together with the side plates 4 on both sides, forms a four-sided positioning reference in the horizontal plane to ensure that the workpiece is accurately centered.

[0023] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the driving mechanism includes a bidirectional lead screw 6 and a stepper motor 7, wherein the bidirectional lead screw 6 is horizontally rotatably mounted on the light plate 2; The two trapezoidal plates 3 are horizontally symmetrically slidably disposed on the light plate 2 and threadedly engaged with the bidirectional lead screw 6; the stepper motor 7 is vertically fixedly disposed on the operating table 1. A rotating shaft 8 is vertically rotatable on the operating table 1, and the bottom of the rotating shaft 8 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the output end of the stepper motor 7. A driving bevel gear 9 is coaxially fixedly mounted on the top of the rotating shaft 8, and a driven bevel gear 10 that meshes with the driving bevel gear 9 is coaxially fixedly mounted on the bidirectional lead screw 6.

[0024] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 After the stepper motor 7 starts, its output end drives the rotating shaft 8 to rotate around the vertical axis. The active bevel gear 9 at the top of the rotating shaft 8 rotates synchronously, and drives the driven bevel gear 10 and the bidirectional lead screw 6 to rotate around the horizontal axis through tooth surface meshing. Since the two trapezoidal plates 3 form a threaded fit with the bidirectional lead screw 6 and the horizontal sliding limit is located on the smooth plate 2, the rotational motion of the bidirectional lead screw 6 is converted into the linear displacement of the trapezoidal plates 3, so that the two trapezoidal plates 3 move horizontally towards each other or separate away from each other along the surface of the smooth plate 2, thereby realizing the lifting or releasing action of the workpiece.

[0025] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the elastic component includes a rotating rod 11, a sleeve 12 and a collar 13. The rotating rod 11 is horizontally arranged and one end is rotatably connected to one side of the side plate 4. The side plate 4 is horizontally slidably arranged on the top surface of the trapezoidal plate 3. The sleeve 12 is sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating rod 11 and rotatably arranged on the smooth plate 2. The collar 13 is sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating rod 11 and fixedly mounted on the trapezoidal plate 3. Both the sleeve 12 and the collar 13 are slidably engaged with the rotating rod 11. The outer wall of the rotating rod 11 is fixedly provided with a protruding post 1101 along its length direction, and the inner wall of the sleeve 12 is provided with a groove 1201 along its length direction. The protruding post 1101 is embedded in the groove 1201 and slides with each other. The inner wall of the collar 13 is fitted with a steel ball 14. The outer wall of the rotating rod 11 is provided with a spiral groove 1102 along its length. The steel ball 14 is also fitted with the spiral groove 1102. The outer wall of the rotating rod 11 is fitted with a spring 15. The two ends of the spring 15 abut against the side plate 4 and the collar 13 respectively. The outer wall of the sleeve 12 is coaxially fixed with a large bevel gear 16.

[0026] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6When the trapezoidal plate 3 moves the side plate 4 toward the workpiece, and the side plate 4 comes into contact with the workpiece, the trapezoidal plate 3 continues to move. The collar 13 fixed on the trapezoidal plate 3 then approaches the side plate 4. The spring 15 is compressed and generates elastic force, so that the side plate 4 maintains flexible clamping of the workpiece. During this process, the steel ball 14 in the collar 13 rolls along the spiral groove 1102 on the outer wall of the rotating rod 11, driving the rotating rod 11 to rotate around its own axis. The rotating rod 11 drives the sleeve 12 to rotate around its axis through the sliding engagement of the outer wall protrusion 1101 and the inner wall groove 1201 of the sleeve 12. This causes the large bevel gear 16 fixed on the outer wall of the sleeve 12 to rotate synchronously, transmitting power to the subsequent time-delay transmission assembly. At the same time, the rotating rod 11 slides axially relative to the collar 13 and the sleeve 12 to adapt to the change in distance between the trapezoidal plate 3 and the side plate 4. The cooperation of the protrusion 1101 and the groove 1201 allows the rotating rod 11 and the sleeve 12 to still rotate during the sliding process.

[0027] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the lifting assembly includes a bracket 17, a threaded rod 18 and a threaded sleeve 19. The bracket 17 is fixedly mounted on the light plate 2, the threaded rod 18 is vertically rotatably mounted on the bracket 17, and the threaded sleeve 19 is threadedly engaged with the threaded rod 18. A vertical plate 20 is vertically fixed on the bracket 17, and a limiting groove 2001 is vertically provided on the vertical plate 20. A sliding column 21 is fixedly provided on the outer wall of the threaded sleeve 19, and the sliding column 21 is located in the limiting groove 2001 and slides in fit.

[0028] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 10 The threaded rod 18 rotates around the vertical axis on the bracket 17. Since the threaded sleeve 19 forms a threaded engagement with the threaded rod 18, and the sliding column 21 on the outer wall of the threaded sleeve 19 is embedded in the limiting groove 2001 of the vertical plate 20 and slides in the vertical direction, the rotational freedom of the threaded sleeve 19 is restricted, so that the threaded sleeve 19 can only move up and down in the vertical direction. Thus, the rotational motion of the threaded rod 18 is converted into the linear lifting motion of the threaded sleeve 19, which in turn drives the pressure plate 5 to descend to press the top of the workpiece or to rise to release the workpiece.

[0029] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the time-delay transmission assembly includes a drive screw 22, a transmission shaft 23 and a horizontal plate 24. The drive screw 22 and the transmission shaft 23 are both vertically rotatably mounted on the bracket 17. A collar 25 and a ring 26 are respectively fixedly mounted on the horizontal plate 24. The collar 25 and the ring 26 are slidably sleeved on the outer walls of the drive screw 22 and the transmission shaft 23, respectively. The collar 25 is threadedly engaged with the drive screw 22. A small bevel gear 27 that meshes with the large bevel gear 16 is coaxially fixed on the drive screw 22. When the drive screw 22 rotates, the collar 25, the cross plate 24 and the ring 26 will move down synchronously. The inner wall of the ring 26 is fitted with rolling balls 28. The outer wall of the transmission shaft 23 is provided with a straight groove 2301 and a spiral groove 2302 from top to bottom along its length direction. The bottom end of the straight groove 2301 is connected to the top end of the spiral groove 2302. The rolling balls 28 are also fitted in the straight groove 2301. A drive pulley 29 is coaxially fixed on the drive shaft 23, and a driven pulley 30 is coaxially fixed on the threaded rod 18. The drive pulley 29 and the driven pulley 30 are connected by a toothed belt 31.

[0030] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 7 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 The rotation of the large bevel gear 16 drives the small bevel gear 27 and the drive screw 22 to rotate around the vertical axis on the bracket 17. Through the threaded engagement, the ring 25 drives the horizontal plate 24 and the ring 26 to move down synchronously. In the initial stage of downward movement, the balls 28 on the inner wall of the ring 26 slide down along the straight groove 2301 on the outer wall of the transmission shaft 23. At this time, the transmission shaft 23 remains stationary, the threaded rod 18 does not rotate, and the pressure plate 5 maintains its initial position, forming a delay stage. When the balls 28 slide down to the bottom of the straight groove 2301 and enter the spiral groove 2302, the balls 28 roll in the spiral groove 2302 and drive the transmission shaft 23 to rotate around the vertical axis. The driving pulley 29 fixed to the transmission shaft 23 drives the driven pulley 30 and the threaded rod 18 to rotate synchronously through the toothed belt 31, thereby driving the threaded sleeve 19 to move down in the vertical direction, and finally driving the pressure plate 5 to descend and press the top of the workpiece.

[0031] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the centering component includes a baffle 32 and a pusher 33 symmetrically arranged front and back. The baffle 32 is fixedly connected to the light plate 2, and the pusher 33 is horizontally slidably arranged on the light plate 2. An electric push rod 34 is horizontally fixed on the light plate 2, and the output end of the electric push rod 34 is fixedly connected to the push plate 33.

[0032] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 4After the electric push rod 34 is started, its output end pushes the push plate 33 to slide horizontally along the surface of the light plate 2, so that the push plate 33 moves toward the baffle 32 fixed on the light plate 2. Through the cooperation between the push plate 33 and the baffle 32, the workpiece is clamped from the front and rear directions, and the workpiece is centered in the horizontal plane.

[0033] In this embodiment, a laser generator is also included. The laser generator is mounted on the operating table 1 via a three-axis drive mechanism. Under the action of the three-axis drive mechanism, the laser generator can move along the X, Y, and Z axes to process the workpiece.

[0034] A method for positioning a workpiece, using the aforementioned laser engraving positioning device, includes the following steps: Step 1: Place the workpiece on the light plate, turn on the backlight of the light plate to improve the clarity of the workpiece outline, and activate the centering component to clamp the front and rear ends of the workpiece, so that the workpiece is centered in the horizontal plane. Step 2: Start the drive mechanism to move the two trapezoidal plates closer to each other along the surface of the smooth plate. The trapezoidal plates use their wedge structure to lift the workpiece from the surface of the smooth plate during horizontal movement. At the same time, the trapezoidal plates move the side plates toward the workpiece. The side plates abut against the end of the workpiece to achieve lateral positioning. As the trapezoidal plates continue to move closer, the elastic component undergoes elastic deformation, so that the side plates form a flexible clamp on the workpiece. The elastic component transmits the action to the time-delay transmission component. Step 3: The time-delay transmission component performs time-delay transmission under the continuous action of the elastic component. After the lateral clamping is completely stable, the driving lifting component drives the pressure plate to descend and press the top of the workpiece, so as to achieve all-round fixation of the workpiece when it is lifted and detached from the bare plate. Step 4: After processing, the drive mechanism reverses to separate the trapezoidal plate from the opposite side, the elastic component resets, the time-delay transmission component moves in the opposite direction to make the pressure plate rise first to release the top clamping, then the side plate releases the workpiece, the workpiece falls back to the surface of the smooth plate, the centering component resets, and the workpiece is removed.

[0035] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0036] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A laser engraving positioning device, comprising an operating table (1), a light plate (2), and two trapezoidal plates (3), characterized in that, The light plate (2) is horizontally fixed on the operating table (1), and the two trapezoidal plates (3) are symmetrically arranged on the light plate (2) by a driving mechanism. The driving mechanism can drive the two trapezoidal plates (3) to move closer to each other to lift the metal workpiece from the light plate (2) for laser cutting and engraving. It also includes two side plates (4) and two pressure plates (5). The two side plates (4) are slidably disposed on the two trapezoidal plates (3) by two sets of elastic components. When the two side plates (4) abut against the two ends of the workpiece, and the two trapezoidal plates (3) continue to approach each other, the two sets of elastic components will move. The two pressure plates (5) are respectively symmetrically arranged on the operating table (1) through two sets of lifting components. The two sets of lifting components are respectively connected to the two sets of elastic components through two sets of time-delay transmission components. When the two sets of elastic components are activated, the two lifting components will delay and drive the two pressure plates (5) to press the top of the workpiece. The light plate (2) is also provided with a centering component, which can clamp the front and rear ends of the workpiece.

2. The laser engraving positioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The driving mechanism includes a bidirectional lead screw (6) and a stepper motor (7), and the bidirectional lead screw (6) is horizontally rotatably mounted on the light plate (2); The two trapezoidal plates (3) are horizontally symmetrically slidably disposed on the light plate (2) and threadedly engaged with the bidirectional lead screw (6), and the stepper motor (7) is vertically fixedly disposed on the operating table (1).

3. The laser engraving positioning device according to claim 2, characterized in that, A rotating shaft (8) is vertically rotatably mounted on the operating table (1), and the bottom of the rotating shaft (8) is coaxially and fixedly connected to the output end of the stepper motor (7). The top of the rotating shaft (8) is coaxially fixed with a driving bevel gear (9), and the bidirectional lead screw (6) is coaxially fixed with a driven bevel gear (10) that meshes with the driving bevel gear (9).

4. The laser engraving positioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic component includes a rotating rod (11), a sleeve (12) and a collar (13). The rotating rod (11) is horizontally arranged and one end is rotatably connected to one side of the side plate (4). The side plate (4) is horizontally slidably arranged on the top surface of the trapezoidal plate (3). The sleeve (12) is sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating rod (11) and rotatably arranged on the smooth plate (2). The collar (13) is sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating rod (11) and fixedly mounted on the trapezoidal plate (3). Both the sleeve (12) and the collar (13) are in sliding fit with the rotating rod (11).

5. The laser engraving positioning device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The outer wall of the rotating rod (11) is fixedly provided with a protruding post (1101) along its length direction, and the inner wall of the sleeve (12) is provided with a groove (1201) along its length direction. The protruding post (1101) is embedded in the groove (1201) and slides in cooperation with each other. The inner wall of the collar (13) is fitted with a steel ball (14) rolling. The outer wall of the rotating rod (11) is provided with a spiral groove (1102) along its length. The steel ball (14) is also fitted with the spiral groove (1102) rolling. The outer wall of the rotating rod (11) is fitted with a spring (15). The two ends of the spring (15) abut against the side plate (4) and the collar (13) respectively. The outer wall of the sleeve (12) is coaxially fixed with a large bevel gear (16).

6. The laser engraving positioning device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The lifting assembly includes a bracket (17), a threaded rod (18), and a threaded sleeve (19). The bracket (17) is fixedly mounted on the light plate (2), the threaded rod (18) is vertically rotatably mounted on the bracket (17), and the threaded sleeve (19) is threadedly engaged with the threaded rod (18). A vertical plate (20) is vertically fixed on the bracket (17), and a limiting groove (2001) is vertically provided on the vertical plate (20). A sliding column (21) is fixed on the outer wall of the threaded sleeve (19), and the sliding column (21) is located in the limiting groove (2001) and slides.

7. A laser engraving positioning device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The time-delay transmission assembly includes a drive screw (22), a transmission shaft (23), and a cross plate (24). The drive screw (22) and the transmission shaft (23) are both vertically rotatably mounted on the bracket (17). A collar (25) and a ring (26) are respectively fixedly mounted on the cross plate (24). The collar (25) and the ring (26) are slidably sleeved on the outer walls of the drive screw (22) and the transmission shaft (23), respectively. The collar (25) is threadedly engaged with the screw (22). A small bevel gear (27) is coaxially fixed on the drive screw (22) and meshes with the large bevel gear (16). When the drive screw (22) rotates, the collar (25), the cross plate (24) and the ring (26) will move down synchronously.

8. The laser engraving positioning device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The inner wall of the ring (26) is fitted with rolling balls (28), and the outer wall of the drive shaft (23) is provided with a straight groove (2301) and a spiral groove (2302) from top to bottom along its length direction. The bottom end of the straight groove (2301) is connected to the top end of the spiral groove (2302), and the rolling balls (28) are also fitted in the straight groove (2301). A drive pulley (29) is coaxially fixed on the drive shaft (23), and a driven pulley (30) is coaxially fixed on the threaded rod (18). The drive pulley (29) and the driven pulley (30) are connected by a toothed belt (31).

9. The laser engraving positioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The centering component includes a baffle (32) and a pusher (33) symmetrically arranged front and back. The baffle (32) is fixedly connected to the light plate (2), and the pusher (33) is horizontally slidably arranged on the light plate (2). An electric push rod (34) is fixedly mounted horizontally on the light plate (2), and the output end of the electric push rod (34) is fixedly connected to the push plate (33).

10. A method for positioning a workpiece, using the laser engraving positioning device as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Place the workpiece on the light plate, turn on the backlight of the light plate to improve the clarity of the workpiece outline, and activate the centering component to clamp the front and rear ends of the workpiece, so that the workpiece is centered in the horizontal plane. Step 2: Start the drive mechanism to move the two trapezoidal plates closer to each other along the surface of the smooth plate. The trapezoidal plates use their wedge structure to lift the workpiece from the surface of the smooth plate during horizontal movement. At the same time, the trapezoidal plates move the side plates toward the workpiece. The side plates abut against the end of the workpiece to achieve lateral positioning. As the trapezoidal plates continue to move closer, the elastic component undergoes elastic deformation, so that the side plates form a flexible clamp on the workpiece. The elastic component transmits the action to the time-delay transmission component. Step 3: The time-delay transmission component performs time-delay transmission under the continuous action of the elastic component. After the lateral clamping is completely stable, the driving lifting component drives the pressure plate to descend and press the top of the workpiece, so as to achieve all-round fixation of the workpiece when it is lifted and detached from the bare plate. Step 4: After processing, the drive mechanism reverses to separate the trapezoidal plate from the opposite side, the elastic component resets, the time-delay transmission component moves in the opposite direction to make the pressure plate rise first to release the top clamping, then the side plate releases the workpiece, the workpiece falls back to the surface of the smooth plate, the centering component resets, and the workpiece is removed.

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