Machine tool fixture with quick change structure

Abstract

The application discloses a machine tool clamp with a quick replacement structure and relates to the technical field of machining. A fixed sliding block at the bottom of a bearing table is used to move on a sliding rail, the top of the bearing table supports and loads a clamp device, a tool holder is arranged in the clamp device, the tool holder is fixed by extrusion through the clamp device, so that the quick connection and replacement of components are realized, the installation difficulty of equipment is reduced, and the tool holder can be conveniently replaced after being seriously worn. Meanwhile, the surface of the tool is washed by a wind power device, so that the surface of the component is cleaned, the accumulation of surface debris of the tool is prevented, the tool is prevented from causing scratches on a workpiece during machining, and the service life of the component is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of machining technology, specifically to a machine tool fixture with a quick-change structure. Background Technology

[0002] Machine tool fixtures are a general term for clamping systems. They are mounted on machine tools to constrain the workpiece's degrees of freedom, fix the workpiece's spatial position relative to the cutting tool and machine tool, and ensure stable and precise workpiece positioning during machining. They eliminate unnecessary workpiece movement through positioning constraints and counteract displacement deviations caused by cutting vibrations and cutting forces through clamping force. This unifies the machining datum for batches of workpieces, ensuring consistency in dimensional and geometrical accuracy. Simultaneously, it eliminates the need for individual workpiece alignment and adjustment processes, simplifies clamping operations, and is adaptable to various machining conditions such as cutting, grinding, and milling. It is a core process device connecting machine tools and workpieces, enabling standardized batch machining.

[0003] In the existing technology, machine tool fixtures with quick-change structures have higher overall manufacturing costs and more potential failure points due to increased structural complexity. Long-term high-frequency disassembly and assembly will degrade the positioning reference accuracy, and chips and impurities are prone to accumulate at the tool position, resulting in a greater workload for daily maintenance and cleaning. The overall rigidity is weaker than that of integrated fixtures, making them prone to slight displacements that affect machining stability. Therefore, a new design has been developed to address these issues. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems mentioned above, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a machine tool fixture with a quick-change structure, comprising:

[0005] The support platform has a square block structure and a fixed slider at the bottom of the support platform. A clamping device is fixedly connected to the top of the support platform. A tool holder is installed inside the clamping device. A wind power device is fixedly connected to one side of the outside of the support platform.

[0006] The clamping device includes:

[0007] The fixture platform has a square shell, fixture slots are provided on both sides of the top of the fixture platform, and a shell groove is provided on the outer side of the fixture platform. A tool holder is provided inside the shell groove.

[0008] The first electric actuator has a cylindrical block structure. The top of the clamping platform is fixedly connected to the first electric actuator near the clamping slot. A buffer device is fixedly connected to the output end of the first electric actuator.

[0009] The clamping device further includes:

[0010] A clamp base is disposed on the top of the support platform, and the bottom of the clamp base is fixedly connected to the top of the support platform;

[0011] The connecting shaft has a column-shaped structure. The outer side of the connecting shaft is rotatably connected to the top of the clamp base. A motor is fixedly connected inside the clamp base at a position corresponding to the connecting shaft. The output end of the motor is fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting shaft.

[0012] A bearing housing is fixedly connected to the outside of the connecting shaft. The bearing housing has slots at the four corners of its bottom. A second electric push rod is fixedly connected to the top of the clamp base at a position corresponding to the slot of the housing. The second electric push rod is plugged into and out of the slot of the housing.

[0013] The bottom of the fixture platform is provided with a platform slot, and there are several platform slots. The inner side of each platform slot is equipped with a connecting end, and the bottom of the connecting end is fixedly connected to the top of the bearing housing.

[0014] The fixture platform has a sliding groove inside near the housing groove. The inner side of the sliding groove is slidably connected to the outer side of the tool holder. The outer side of the buffer device is plugged into and adapted to the top of the tool holder.

[0015] A support column is fixedly connected to the center of the top of the bearing housing. The outer side of the support column penetrates the interior of the fixture platform and extends outward. A fixing block is threadedly connected to the top of the support column.

[0016] An annular block is fitted on the top of the fixture platform near the support column. A rubber ring is fixedly connected to the top of the annular block and the fixing block. The fixing block and the rubber ring fit together to increase the sealing between the components, increase the wear resistance of the components through the rubber ring, reduce the wear between the components, attenuate the vibration amplitude of the components, improve the stability of the equipment connection, and prevent the components from loosening. The bottom of the fixing block is fitted and connected to the outside of the rubber ring.

[0017] The buffer device includes a buffer housing with a spring strip inside. The spring strip pushes the buffer block to contact the top of the tool holder. Through the reaction of the components, the buffer block compresses and contracts the spring strip, thereby playing a role in shock absorption and buffering, reducing the impact pressure on the components, reducing the wear of the components, and thus extending the service life of the equipment and reducing damage to the cutting tools. A buffer block is slidably connected to the inner side of the buffer housing.

[0018] The tool holder includes a tool block and a tool holder housing. The tool block has a tool groove on its outer side, and the tool groove and the plastic block have a gradually widening structure. A plastic block is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tool holder housing at the corresponding position of the tool groove. The tool groove of the tool block and the plastic block are pressed together. As the tool block is fully inserted into the tool holder housing, the tool groove and the plastic block are interlocked. In this way, through the interlocking of multiple components, on the one hand, the tool holder housing covers the tool block, which has a certain protective effect and reduces wear on the tool surface. On the other hand, the interlocking of multiple components improves the stability of the components during installation. The tool groove and the plastic block are plug-in and pluggable.

[0019] The wind power device includes a wind base, a support rod fixedly connected to one side of the wind base, and a wind frame rotatably connected to the top of the support rod. A frame groove is formed on one side of the wind frame, and a fan is fixedly connected to the outside of the wind frame near the frame groove. The wind frame rotates on the support rod, allowing adjustment of the wind direction and position to ensure normal operation of the equipment. The fan generates airflow that washes away chips adhering to the cutting area, quickly removing them and preventing chip accumulation that could scratch or chip the cutting edge. It also accelerates heat dissipation, reduces wear and thermal deformation caused by high cutting temperatures, maintains clean tool positioning references, ensures dimensional accuracy, reduces cutting fluid usage, and improves the machining environment. A perforated plate is fixedly connected to the outside of the fan near the frame groove, and a grid plate is fixedly connected to the outside of the fan away from the perforated plate. The perforated plate and grid plate act as a barrier to prevent external impurities from entering the fan and ensuring continuous operation.

[0020] This invention provides a machine tool fixture with a quick-change structure. It has the following advantages:

[0021] 1. The machine tool fixture with a quick-change structure keeps the tool holder and the fixture slot in a horizontal position, then pushes the tool holder into the fixture slot, and then pushes the buffer device into the tool holder through the first electric push rod, thereby achieving the function of quickly fixing the tool, reducing the difficulty of equipment replacement, reducing the reference wear caused by frequent disassembly and assembly, and improving the overall machining continuity and production efficiency of the lathe.

[0022] II. This machine tool fixture with a quick-change structure supports the equipment with a fixture base. The connecting shaft is rotated by a motor to adjust the orientation of the cutting tools. The fixture device is equipped with multiple cutting tools, which facilitates tool rotation and eliminates the downtime waiting time caused by manual disassembly and reassembly of tool holders and tool resetting. This allows the equipment to continuously complete multiple turning operations without interrupting the machining process, effectively improving the continuity of machine tool processing and overall production efficiency. At the same time, it unifies the positioning reference of each cutting tool, stabilizes the dimensional accuracy of batch processing, and adapts to the flexible processing needs of various workpieces.

[0023] Third, the machine tool fixture with quick-change structure has a carrier housing that supports the fixture platform. A second electric push rod is installed on the top of the fixture base. After the carrier housing rotates with the connecting shaft, the second electric push rod is inserted into the slot of the housing. This serves to position the components and support them, preventing them from shaking and improving the stability of the equipment during operation.

[0024] IV. The machine tool fixture with quick-change structure has a support column at the bottom of the support housing. When the fixture platform is installed, the middle part of the fixture platform is inserted into the support column. Then, the bottom slot of the fixture platform fits into the connecting end. Through the cooperation between the components, the stability of the components during installation is improved. Then, the fixture platform is fixed by rotating the fixing block on the top of the support column.

[0025] 5. In this machine tool fixture with a quick-change structure, when the fixing block is threaded into the top of the support column, the fixing block and the rubber ring engage to increase the sealing between components, increase the wear resistance of the components through the rubber ring, reduce wear between components, at the same time, attenuate the vibration amplitude of the components, improve the stability of the equipment connection, and prevent the components from loosening. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the wind power device structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the support platform structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting shaft structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cushioning device structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the tool block structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the fixing block structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the chute structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the housing slot structure of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the fan structure of the present invention.

[0035] In the diagram: 1. Support platform; 2. Clamping device; 3. Tool holder; 4. Pneumatic device; 201. Clamp base; 202. Motor; 203. Connecting shaft; 204. Support housing; 205. Clamp platform body; 206. Clamp slot; 207. First electric push rod; 208. Housing groove; 209. Buffer device; 210. Support column; 211. Fixing block; 212. Annular block; 213. Rubber ring; 214. Sliding... 215. Slot; 216. Platform slot; 217. Connecting end; 218. Housing slot; 2091. Second electric push rod; 2092. Buffer housing; 2093. Spring bar; 2094. Buffer block; 31. Tool block; 32. Tool groove; 33. Tool holder housing; 34. Plastic block; 41. Wind power base; 42. Support rod; 43. Wind power frame; 44. Frame groove; 45. Mesh plate; 46. Fan; 47. Grating plate. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] First embodiment, such as Figures 1 to 2 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: a machine tool fixture with a quick-change structure, comprising:

[0038] The support platform 1 has a square block structure and a fixed slider at the bottom. A clamping device 2 is fixedly connected to the top of the support platform 1, and a tool holder 3 is installed inside the clamping device 2. A wind power device 4 is fixedly connected to one side of the support platform 1. The fixed slider at the bottom of the support platform 1 is used to move on the slide rail. The top of the support platform 1 supports and loads the clamping device 2. The tool holder 3 is installed inside the clamping device 2 and is clamped and fixed by the clamping device 2. This enables quick connection and replacement of parts, reduces the difficulty of equipment installation, and facilitates replacement of tools when they are severely worn. At the same time, the wind power device 4 washes the surface of the tool with air, thereby cleaning the surface debris of the parts, preventing the accumulation of debris on the tool surface, avoiding scratches on the workpiece, and extending the service life of the parts.

[0039] The second embodiment is based on the first embodiment; please refer to [link / reference]. Figures 3 to 8 As shown, the clamping device 2 includes:

[0040] The fixture platform 205 has a square shell. The top two sides of the fixture platform 205 are provided with fixture slots 206. The outer side of the fixture platform 205 is provided with a shell groove 208. The tool holder 3 is provided inside the shell groove 208.

[0041] The first electric push rod 207 has a cylindrical block structure. The top of the fixture platform 205 is fixedly connected to the first electric push rod 207 near the fixture slot 206. A buffer device 209 is fixedly connected to the output end of the first electric push rod 207. The tool holder 3 is kept horizontal with the fixture slot 206. Then, the tool holder 3 is pushed into the fixture slot 206. Then, the first electric push rod 207 controls the buffer device 209 to be pushed into the tool holder 3. This achieves the function of quickly fixing the tool, reducing the difficulty of equipment replacement, reducing the reference wear caused by frequent disassembly and assembly, and improving the overall machining continuity and production efficiency of the lathe.

[0042] The clamping device 2 also includes:

[0043] The clamp base 201 is disposed on the top of the support platform 1, and the bottom of the clamp base 201 is fixedly connected to the top of the support platform 1.

[0044] The connecting shaft 203 has a cylindrical structure. Its outer side is rotatably connected to the top of the fixture base 201. A motor 202 is fixedly connected inside the fixture base 201 at a corresponding position to the connecting shaft 203. The output end of the motor 202 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting shaft 203. The fixture base 201 supports the equipment. The motor 202 controls the rotation of the connecting shaft 203, thereby adjusting the tool orientation. Multiple tools are installed inside the fixture device 2, facilitating tool rotation and eliminating downtime caused by manual tool clamping and readjustment. This allows the equipment to continuously complete multiple turning operations without interrupting the machining process, effectively improving machine tool processing continuity and overall production efficiency. Simultaneously, it unifies the positioning reference of each tool, stabilizes the dimensional accuracy of batch processing, and adapts to the flexible machining needs of various workpieces.

[0045] A bearing housing 204 is fixedly connected to the outside of the connecting shaft 203. The bearing housing 204 has housing slots 217 at its four bottom corners. A second electric push rod 218 is fixedly connected to the top of the clamp base 201 at a position corresponding to the housing slot 217. The second electric push rod 218 is plug-in compatible with the housing slot 217. The bearing housing 204 supports the clamp platform 205. The second electric push rod 218 is located on the top of the clamp base 201. After the bearing housing 204 rotates with the connecting shaft 203, the second electric push rod 218 inserts into the housing slot 217. This serves two purposes: positioning the component and supporting it, preventing it from shaking and improving the stability of the equipment during operation.

[0046] The fixture platform 205 has several platform slots 215 at its bottom. Connecting ends 216 are inserted into the inner sides of each platform slot 215, and the bottom of each connecting end 216 is fixedly connected to the top of the supporting housing 204. By engaging multiple connecting ends 216 with multiple platform slots 215, the friction between components is increased, improving their stability. Furthermore, the tension between the components further enhances their stability.

[0047] A sliding groove 214 is provided inside the fixture platform 205 near the housing recess 208. The inner side of the sliding groove 214 is slidably connected to the outer side of the tool holder 3, and the outer side of the buffer device 209 is plugged into the top of the tool holder 3. The bottom of the tool holder 3 is slidably connected to the inner side of the sliding groove 214, which facilitates pushing the tool holder 3 into the fixture platform 205. The sliding groove 214 guides and positions the tool holder 3, reducing subsequent calibration steps and further improving the stability of the tool holder 3 during installation.

[0048] A support column 210 is fixedly connected to the center of the top of the bearing housing 204. The outer side of the support column 210 penetrates the interior of the fixture platform 205 and extends outward. A fixing block 211 is threadedly connected to the top of the support column 210. The bottom of the support column 210 is located at the top of the bearing housing 204. When the fixture platform 205 is installed, the middle part of the fixture platform 205 is inserted into the support column 210. Then, the bottom slot 215 of the fixture platform 205 fits into the connecting end 216. Through the mutual cooperation between the components, the stability of the components during installation is improved. Then, the fixing block 211 rotates on the top of the support column 210 to fix the fixture platform 205.

[0049] An annular block 212 is fitted onto the top of the fixture platform 205 near the support column 210. A rubber ring 213 is fixedly connected to the top of the annular block 212 and the fixing block 211. The bottom of the fixing block 211 is fitted into the outer side of the rubber ring 213. When the fixing block 211 is threaded into the top of the support column 210, the fixing block 211 and the rubber ring 213 engage, thereby increasing the sealing between components, increasing the wear resistance of components through the rubber ring 213, reducing wear between components, attenuating the vibration amplitude of components, improving the stability of the equipment connection, and preventing components from loosening.

[0050] The buffer device 209 includes a buffer housing 2091, inside which a spring strip 2092 is disposed, and a buffer block 2093 is slidably connected to the inner side of the buffer housing 2091. As the first electric push rod 207 clamps the top of the tool holder 3, it pushes the buffer block 2093 to contact the top of the tool holder 3. Through the reaction action of the components, the buffer block 2093 compresses and contracts the spring strip 2092, thereby playing a role in shock absorption and buffering, reducing the impact pressure on the components, reducing the wear of the components, thereby extending the service life of the equipment and reducing damage to the cutting tools.

[0051] The third embodiment is based on embodiments one and two; please refer to [link / reference]. Figures 5 to 9 As shown, the tool holder 3 includes a tool block 31 and a tool holder housing 33. A tool groove 32 is formed on the outer side of the tool block 31. A plastic block 34 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tool holder housing 33 at a location corresponding to the tool groove 32. The tool groove 32 and the plastic block 34 are mutually insertable and removable. The tool groove 32 and the plastic block 34 adopt a gradually widening structure. The tool groove 32 of the tool block 31 and the plastic block 34 are pressed together. As the tool block 31 is fully inserted into the tool holder housing 33, the tool groove 32 and the plastic block 34 interlock. Through the interlocking of multiple components, the tool holder housing 33 covers the tool block 31, providing a certain degree of protection and reducing wear on the tool surface. Furthermore, the interlocking of multiple components improves the stability of the components during installation.

[0052] The wind power device 4 includes a wind power base 41, a support rod 42 fixedly connected to one side of the wind power base 41, a wind power frame 43 rotatably connected to the top of the support rod 42, a frame groove 44 opened on one side of the wind power frame 43, a fan 46 fixedly connected to the outside of the wind power frame 43 near the frame groove 44, a perforated plate 45 fixedly connected to the outside of the fan 46 near the frame groove 44, and a grid plate 47 fixedly connected to the outside of the fan 46 away from the perforated plate 45. The perforated plate 45 and the grid plate 47 serve to block external impurities, preventing them from entering the fan 46 and ensuring its continuous operation. Meanwhile, the fan frame 43 rotates on the support rod 42, allowing adjustment of the airflow direction to ensure normal operation of the equipment. The fan 46 generates airflow that washes away the cutting edge, quickly removing chips adhering to the cutting area and preventing chip accumulation that could cause scratches or chipping. It also accelerates heat dissipation, reduces wear and thermal deformation caused by high cutting temperatures, maintains clean tool positioning references, ensures dimensional accuracy, reduces the use of cutting fluid, and improves the machining environment.

[0053] In use, the tool holder 3 is placed inside the clamping table 205, and the first electric push rod 207 squeezes and clamps it from the top of the tool holder 3, thereby quickly fixing the component.

[0054] The bottom block of the tool holder 3 is slidably connected to the slide groove 214, which facilitates pushing it into the tool holder 3 and guides the installation of the tool holder 3, thereby playing a role in component positioning. It works in conjunction with the first electric push rod 207, which facilitates the first electric push rod 207 to clamp the tool holder 3.

[0055] The fixture table 205 is equipped with multiple tool holders 3 to facilitate subsequent rotation and replacement. The motor 202 controls the connecting shaft 203 to rotate, and the connecting shaft 203 drives the fixture table 205 to turn, thereby facilitating the rotation of the tool and making it easier to replace the tool.

[0056] Multiple different types of cutting tools are installed inside the fixture table 205, or the cutting tools are severely worn. By rotating them, the equipment can continue to operate, reduce the equipment replacement time, and ensure continuous operation. This allows the equipment to complete multiple turning processes without interrupting the processing flow, effectively improving the continuity of machine tool processing and overall production efficiency. At the same time, it unifies the positioning reference of each cutting tool, stabilizes the dimensional accuracy of batch processing, and adapts to the flexible processing needs of various workpieces.

[0057] The wind power device 4 is fixed-point steered by the support rod 42, so that the wind power device 4 is directed toward the tool working point. The wind power washes the tool, thereby quickly blowing away the chips attached to the cutting area of ​​the tool, avoiding the accumulation of iron chips and entanglement of the tool, which can cause machining scratches and chipping. At the same time, it accelerates the heat dissipation of the tool, reduces the wear and thermal deformation caused by the high temperature of cutting, keeps the tool positioning reference clean, ensures the machining dimensional accuracy, and can also reduce the use of cutting fluid and improve the machining environment.

[0058] Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

Claims

1. A machine tool fixture with a quick-change structure, characterized in that, include: The support platform (1) has a square block structure and a fixed slider at the bottom of the support platform (1). A clamping device (2) is fixedly connected to the top of the support platform (1). A tool holder (3) is provided inside the clamping device (2). A wind power device (4) is fixedly connected to one side of the outside of the support platform (1). The clamping device (2) includes: The fixture platform (205) has a square shell. Fixture slots (206) are provided on both sides of the top of the fixture platform (205). A shell groove (208) is provided on the outer side of the fixture platform (205). A tool holder (3) is provided inside the shell groove (208). The first electric push rod (207) has a cylindrical block structure. The top of the clamping platform (205) is fixedly connected to the first electric push rod (207) near the clamping slot (206). A buffer device (209) is fixedly connected to the output end of the first electric push rod (207).

2. A machine tool fixture with a quick-change structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping device (2) further includes: A clamp base (201) is provided on the top of the support platform (1), and the bottom of the clamp base (201) is fixedly connected to the top of the support platform (1); The connecting shaft (203) has a column-shaped structure. The outer side of the connecting shaft (203) is rotatably connected to the top of the clamp base (201). The clamp base (201) is fixedly connected to a motor (202) at a position corresponding to the connecting shaft (203). The output end of the motor (202) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting shaft (203).

3. A machine tool fixture with a quick-change structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connecting shaft (203) is fixedly connected to the outer side of the bearing housing (204). The bearing housing (204) has a housing slot (217) at the four corners of the bottom. The top of the clamp base (201) is fixedly connected to a second electric push rod (218) at a position corresponding to the housing slot (217). The second electric push rod (218) is plugged into and adapted to the housing slot (217).

4. A machine tool fixture with a quick-change structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the fixture platform (205) is provided with a platform slot (215), and there are several platform slots (215). The inner side of several platform slots (215) is equipped with a connecting end (216), and the bottom of the connecting end (216) is fixedly connected to the top of the bearing housing (204).

5. A machine tool fixture with a quick-change structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixture platform (205) has a sliding groove (214) located inside near the housing groove (208). The inner side of the sliding groove (214) is slidably connected to the outer side of the tool holder (3), and the outer side of the buffer device (209) is plugged into and adapted to the top of the tool holder (3).

6. A machine tool fixture with a quick-change structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: A support column (210) is fixedly connected to the top center of the bearing housing (204). The support column (210) extends outward through the inside of the clamping platform (205) and is threaded to the top of the support column (210).

7. A machine tool fixture with a quick-change structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The top of the clamp platform (205) is fitted with an annular block (212) near the support column (210). The top of the annular block (212) is fixedly connected to the fixing block (211) with a rubber ring (213). The bottom of the fixing block (211) is fitted to the outside of the rubber ring (213).

8. A machine tool fixture with a quick-change structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer device (209) includes a buffer housing (2091), a spring strip (2092) is provided inside the buffer housing (2091), and a buffer block (2093) is slidably connected to the inner side of the buffer housing (2091).

9. A machine tool fixture with a quick-change structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The tool holder (3) includes a tool block (31) and a tool holder housing (33). A tool groove (32) is provided on the outer side of the tool block (31). A plastic block (34) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tool holder housing (33) at the corresponding position of the tool groove (32). The tool groove (32) and the plastic block (34) are plugged and matched.

10. A machine tool fixture with a quick-change structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wind power device (4) includes a wind power base (41), a support rod (42) is fixedly connected to one side of the wind power base (41), a wind power frame (43) is rotatably connected to the top of the support rod (42), a frame groove (44) is opened on one side of the wind power frame (43), a fan (46) is fixedly connected to the outside of the wind power frame (43) near the frame groove (44), a perforated plate (45) is fixedly connected to the outside of the fan (46) near the frame groove (44), and a grid plate (47) is fixedly connected to the outside of the fan (46) away from the perforated plate (45).

Images