Vehicle window assembly and vehicle

Abstract

The application provides a vehicle window assembly and a vehicle. The vehicle window assembly comprises a glass substrate, a signal collection area, and a heating wire. The heating wire is provided with a matte structure for producing diffuse reflection of optical signals. At least part of the matte structure is arranged in the signal collection area. The application converts the specular reflection of light encountering the heating wire into diffuse reflection by arranging the matte structure on the heating wire. The diffraction energy is dispersed in multiple directions, the formation of a single main diffraction fringe is destroyed, the specular reflection and regular refraction phenomena when the light irradiates the heating wire are weakened, the optical defects such as the wire drawing, diffraction and glare produced by the light passing through the heating wire are effectively inhibited, the picture distortion and stray light interference when the optical sensor collects external light such as vehicle lights and traffic signal lights are avoided, and the accuracy of optical signal collection is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of glass technology, specifically relating to automotive window assemblies and vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy vehicles, the signal acquisition area of ​​intelligent assisted driving systems is receiving increasing attention. However, this area is relatively enclosed, and in low-temperature environments, moisture can easily enter and cause fogging on the glass surface, which is difficult to dissipate and can obstruct the camera's field of view. Therefore, heating wires are typically installed in the signal acquisition area of ​​the car window and energized to heat the glass locally, thereby achieving a defogging and defrosting effect.

[0003] However, when the camera in the signal acquisition area captures traffic lights and vehicle lights ahead, the light passing through the heating wire in the signal acquisition area will produce light filamentation or diffraction phenomena, affecting the accuracy of signal acquisition. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the first aspect of this application provides a vehicle window assembly, said vehicle window assembly: Glass substrate; A signal acquisition area is disposed on the glass substrate and is used for optical signal transmission; A heating wire is provided, which is arranged opposite to the signal acquisition area. The heating wire has a matte structure, which is used to cause diffuse reflection of optical signals. At least a portion of the matte structure is located within the signal acquisition area.

[0005] The heating wire includes a conductor and an insulating layer covering the periphery of the conductor; The matte structure is disposed on the insulating layer; or, the matte structure is disposed on the conductor and the insulating layer.

[0006] The matte structure includes a plurality of protrusions arranged along the extension direction of the conductor, and / or the plurality of protrusions arranged along the circumferential direction of the conductor.

[0007] Wherein, the height of the protrusion is H, the radial dimension of the conductor is D, and the ratio of the height H to the radial dimension D is 0.001~0.1.

[0008] The plurality of protrusions are arranged at equal intervals, the distance between two adjacent protrusions is L, the radial dimension of the conductor is D, and the ratio of distance L to radial dimension D is 0.001 to 0.25.

[0009] The shape of the plurality of protrusions includes at least one of triangle, arc, rectangle, and trapezoid.

[0010] The surface reflectivity RL of the heating wire is less than 1%.

[0011] The surface roughness of the heating wire with the matte structure is 0.01μm~10μm.

[0012] The window assembly also includes a field of view area, which is located within the signal acquisition area; At least a portion of the heating wire is disposed in the field of view, and the heating wire is arranged around the field of view.

[0013] The heating line includes a longitudinal heating strip that passes through the field of view. The side of the field of view is inclined relative to the vertical direction, and the angle α between the longitudinal heating strip and the side is 0~90°.

[0014] The heating line also includes a transverse heating strip that connects to the longitudinal heating strip, and the transverse heating strip is positioned to avoid the field of view.

[0015] The heating line, at least one of which is located in the field of view, has the matte structure.

[0016] The heating wire includes a conductor and an insulating layer covering the periphery of the conductor, and the matte structure is disposed on the insulating layer; The insulating layer is made of a matting agent, which includes at least one of fumed silica, precipitated barium sulfate, organic particles, and talc.

[0017] The heating wire includes a conductor and an insulating layer covering the periphery of the conductor, and the matte structure is disposed on the insulating layer; The matte structure is prepared by sandblasting or scraping.

[0018] The heating wire includes a conductor, an insulating layer covering the periphery of the conductor, and the matte structure is disposed on the conductor; The matte structure is prepared by chemical etching or plasma treatment.

[0019] The glass substrate comprises a first glass plate, an intermediate adhesive layer, and a second glass plate stacked sequentially, and the heating wire is disposed between the intermediate adhesive layer and the second glass plate.

[0020] A second aspect of this application provides a vehicle comprising a body and a window assembly as provided in the first aspect of this application, the window assembly being disposed on the body.

[0021] The window assembly and vehicle provided in this application, by setting a matte structure on the heating wire, converts the specular reflection of light when it encounters the heating wire into diffuse reflection, thereby dispersing diffraction energy to multiple directions, destroying the formation of a single main diffraction fringe, weakening specular reflection and regular refraction phenomena when light shines on the heating wire, effectively suppressing optical defects such as wire drawing, diffraction, and glare caused by light passing through the heating wire, avoiding image distortion and stray light interference when optical sensors collect external light such as vehicle lights and traffic lights, and improving the accuracy of optical signal acquisition. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of this application will be described below.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the phenomenon of wire drawing or diffraction in related technologies.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a window assembly provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heating wire provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heating wire provided for another embodiment of this application.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a heating wire provided for another embodiment of this application.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heating wire provided in another embodiment of this application.

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heating wire provided in another embodiment of this application.

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a window assembly provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0031] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a window assembly provided for another embodiment of this application.

[0032] Labeling: Window assembly 1, glass substrate 10, signal acquisition area 101, field of view 102, short focal length area 1021, long focal length area 1022, side 1023, first glass plate 11, intermediate adhesive layer 12, second glass plate 13, heating wire 20, conductor 21, insulating layer 22, matte structure 23, protrusion 231, longitudinal heating strip 24, transverse heating strip 25, optical sensor 30. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The following are preferred embodiments of this application. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of this application, and these improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of this application.

[0034] Before introducing the technical solution of this application, let's go over the technical issues in related technologies in detail.

[0035] The surface of the heating wire is usually smooth, which makes it easy for the light source to undergo specular reflection on the surface. Especially when the light is perpendicular to the direction of the heating wire, it can form a very long beam of light, which is actually a wire drawing or diffraction phenomenon, affecting the accuracy of signal acquisition.

[0036] In view of this, in order to solve the above problems, please refer to the following: Figures 1-3 This embodiment provides a vehicle window assembly 1, which includes a glass substrate 10, a signal acquisition area 101, and a heating wire 20. The signal acquisition area 101 is disposed on the glass substrate 10 and is used for optical signal transmission. The heating wire 20 and the signal acquisition area 101 are disposed opposite to each other. The heating wire 20 is provided with a matte structure 23, which is used to generate diffuse reflection of the optical signal. At least a portion of the matte structure 23 is disposed within the signal acquisition area 101.

[0037] Optionally, the window assembly 1 is applied to a vehicle, and the glass substrate 10 can be used as the vehicle's windshield, side window, corner window, rear windshield, sunroof, etc. The window assembly 1 provided in this application is particularly suitable for complex driving lighting scenarios such as nighttime, backlighting, and oncoming traffic, which can ensure the accuracy of optical signal acquisition by optical sensors on the vehicle and improve the stability of environmental recognition in the intelligent driving system.

[0038] Optionally, the glass substrate 10 can be a single piece of glass or a laminated glass. Further, when the glass substrate 10 is a laminated glass, the glass substrate 10 includes a first glass plate 11, an intermediate adhesive layer 12, and a second glass plate 13 stacked sequentially.

[0039] The first glass plate 11 can serve as the outer glass panel of a vehicle. The thickness of the first glass plate 11 is 0.7 mm to 4.0 mm, and its visible light transmittance is ≥70%. For example, the first glass plate 11 is transparent glass, wherein the total iron content (calculated as Fe2O3) is less than or equal to 0.1%, even less than or equal to 0.05%, and further less than or equal to 0.01%, and the visible light transmittance is 80% to 95%. For example, the first glass plate 11 can be 2.1 mm thick transparent glass with a visible light transmittance of 89%. The thickness of the first glass plate 11 is preferably 1.6 mm to 3.5 mm.

[0040] The second glass panel 13 can be used as the interior glass panel of a vehicle. The thickness of the second glass panel 13 is 0.7 mm to 4.0 mm, and the visible light transmittance of the second glass panel 13 is ≥70%. For example, the second glass panel 13 is transparent glass or colored glass. The total iron content (calculated as Fe2O3) of the transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.1%, even less than or equal to 0.05%, and further less than or equal to 0.01%, and the visible light transmittance of the transparent glass is 80% to 95%. The total iron content (calculated as Fe2O3) of the colored glass is 0.1% to 0.8%, preferably 0.1% to 0.5%, and the visible light transmittance of the colored glass is 70% to 90%. For example, the second glass panel 13 can be 2.1 mm thick transparent glass with a visible light transmittance of 89%, or 1.6 mm thick green glass with a visible light transmittance of 83%, or 2.1 mm thick green glass with a visible light transmittance of 80%.

[0041] The intermediate adhesive layer 12 can be a transparent thermoplastic polymer film or a colored thermoplastic polymer film. Optionally, the thickness of the intermediate adhesive layer 12 is 0.38 mm to 2.28 mm, specifically, examples include 0.38 mm, 0.76 mm, 1.14 mm, 1.52 mm, 1.9 mm, or 2.28 mm. Preferably, the thickness of the intermediate adhesive layer 12 is 0.76 mm. Optionally, the visible light transmittance of the intermediate adhesive layer 12 is greater than or equal to 85%, specifically, examples include 85%, 90%, or 95%. Optionally, the haze of the intermediate adhesive layer 12 is less than or equal to 1%, specifically, examples include 1%, 0.8%, 0.6%, or 0.4%. Optionally, the material of the thermoplastic polymer film can be selected from at least one of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyurethane (PU), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), and ionic polymer (SGP). Colored thermoplastic polymer films can be selected from gray, green, or blue thermoplastic polymer films.

[0042] For example, the intermediate adhesive layer 12 can be a single-layer or multi-layer structure. Examples of multi-layer structures include double-layer, triple-layer, quadruple-layer, and five-layer structures. The intermediate adhesive layer 12 can also have other functions, such as providing at least one colored area as a shaded zone to reduce sunlight interference with the human eye, adding infrared absorbers to provide sun protection or heat insulation, adding ultraviolet absorbers to provide ultraviolet protection, or having at least one layer of the multi-layer structure with a higher plasticizer content to provide sound insulation.

[0043] In one embodiment, the glass substrate 10 includes a first glass plate 11, an intermediate adhesive layer 12, and a second glass plate 13 stacked sequentially, and the heating wire 20 is disposed between the intermediate adhesive layer 12 and the second glass plate 13.

[0044] Therefore, by placing the heating wire 20 between the intermediate adhesive layer 12 and the second glass plate 13, this embodiment can reduce the contact of water vapor and dust with the heating wire 20, prevent structural corrosion, stabilize heating and optical performance, avoid the heating wire 20 being exposed and worn, oxidized and aged, and improve the durability and weather resistance of the window assembly 1.

[0045] Optionally, the window glass assembly further includes an optical sensor 30, which is disposed on the side of the glass substrate 10 facing the interior of the vehicle and is disposed corresponding to the signal acquisition area 101.

[0046] The signal acquisition area 101 can be understood as the signal transmission area of ​​the optical sensor 30 on the glass substrate 10. Optical signals can penetrate the signal acquisition area 101.

[0047] The optical sensor 30 is capable of emitting optical signals that can pass through the signal acquisition area 101 and reach the outside world, while external optical signals can also pass through the signal acquisition area 101 and be received by the optical sensor 30. Optionally, the optical sensor 30 includes at least an image sensor, such as a camera, which can acquire images of the external environment through the signal acquisition area 101. Optionally, the optical sensor 30 is selected from at least one of a visible light camera, an infrared camera, and a lidar.

[0048] The glass substrate 10 has an inner surface and an outer surface that are disposed opposite to each other, and the optical sensor 30 is disposed facing the inner surface. The outer surface of the glass substrate 10 corresponding to the signal acquisition area 101 is provided with a protrusion, and the inner surface of the glass substrate 10 corresponding to the signal acquisition area 101 is provided with a recess.

[0049] The heating wire 20 is used to heat the glass substrate 10, which can locally heat the signal acquisition area 101, quickly eliminate the fogging and frosting problems of the glass substrate 10 in low temperature environment, and ensure the clear field of vision of the intelligent driving camera.

[0050] The matte structure 23 can reduce specular reflection of the heating wire and enhance diffuse reflection of the heating wire, so as to suppress optical defects such as wire drawing, diffraction, and glare caused by light passing through the heating wire 20.

[0051] Optionally, the matte structure 23 is integrated with the conductor as a single structure, or the matte structure 23 and the conductor are separate structures, with the matte structure 23 disposed on the outer surface of the conductor.

[0052] In another embodiment, the surface reflectivity RL of the heating wire 20 is less than 1%.

[0053] The surface reflectance RL of the heating line 20 can be exemplified as 1%, 0.9%, 0.8%, 0.7%, 0.6%, 0.5%, 0.4%, 0.3%, 0.2%, or 0.1%, etc.

[0054] Therefore, by limiting the surface reflectivity RL of the heating line 20 to <1%, this embodiment precisely limits the optical performance of the heating line 20, reduces the surface reflection intensity of the heating line 20, greatly reduces the problems of specular reflection and glare under direct beam illumination, reduces stray light interference in vehicle headlights and strong light environments, and further improves the accuracy of signal acquisition.

[0055] In another embodiment, the surface roughness of the heating line 20 with the matte structure 23 is 0.01 μm to 10 μm.

[0056] The surface roughness of the heating line 20 with the matte structure 23 can be specifically exemplified as 0.01μm, 0.05μm, 1μm, 1.5μm, 2μm, 2.5μm, 3μm, 3.5μm, 4μm, 4.5μm, 5μm, 5.5μm, 6μm, 6.5μm, 7μm, 7.5μm, 8μm, 8.5μm, 9μm, 9.5μm, or 10μm, etc.

[0057] If the surface roughness of the heating line 20 with the matte structure 23 is less than 0.01μm, the surface of the heating line 20 will be too smooth. When light passes through the heating line 20, it is easy to produce specular reflection, and the light wire drawing or diffraction phenomenon will be obvious, affecting the accuracy of signal acquisition.

[0058] If the surface roughness of the heating line 20 with the matte structure 23 is greater than 10μm, the surface of the heating line 20 will be too rough. When light passes through the heating line 20, excessive diffuse reflection will easily occur, resulting in a blurred camera image and reduced contrast. Furthermore, the rough surface of the heating line 20 is prone to wear and aging.

[0059] Therefore, by limiting the surface roughness of the heating line 20 with the matte structure 23 to 0.01μm~10μm, this embodiment not only controls the surface of the heating line 20 to achieve stable diffuse reflection, but also avoids excessive diffuse reflection of light, prevents the camera image from becoming blurry and the contrast from decreasing, adapts to the imaging requirements of in-vehicle high-definition cameras, and further improves the accuracy of signal acquisition.

[0060] In summary, the window assembly 1 provided in this embodiment, by setting a matte structure 23 on the heating line 20, converts the specular reflection of light when it encounters the heating line 20 into diffuse reflection, thereby dispersing diffraction energy to multiple directions, destroying the formation of a single main diffraction fringe, weakening the specular reflection and regular refraction phenomena when light shines on the heating line 20, effectively suppressing optical defects such as wire drawing, diffraction, and glare caused by light passing through the heating line 20, avoiding image distortion and stray light interference when the optical sensor collects external light such as vehicle lights and traffic lights, and improving the accuracy of optical signal acquisition.

[0061] The following is a detailed description of the matte structure 23: Please refer to this as well. Figures 1-7 In one embodiment, the heating wire 20 includes a conductor 21 and an insulating layer 22 covering the periphery of the conductor 21.

[0062] The matte structure 23 is disposed on the insulating layer 22; or, the matte structure 23 is disposed on the conductor 21 and the insulating layer 22.

[0063] Conductor 21 covers the outer peripheral side of insulating layer 22. Conductor 21 is conductive, and the material of conductor 21 is a conductive material. Optionally, the material of conductor 21 is selected from pure metals or alloys, for example, the material of conductor 21 includes copper.

[0064] The insulating layer 22 is insulating, and the material of the insulating layer 22 is an insulating material. Optionally, the material of the insulating layer 22 is selected from resins, for example, the material of the insulating layer 22 includes at least one of polyester, polyurethane, and polyimide.

[0065] For example, a matte structure 23 is disposed on an insulating layer 22.

[0066] For example, a matte structure 23 is provided between the conductor 21 and the insulating layer 22.

[0067] This embodiment limits the matte structure 23 to be selectively disposed on a single structure or a double structure of the conductor 21 and the insulating layer 22, so that the matte structure 23 can be flexibly modified according to the manufacturing process and material characteristics of the heating wire 20, reducing the difficulty of production and processing and improving the adaptability of the solution.

[0068] Furthermore, a matte structure 23 is provided on both the conductor 21 and the insulating layer 22 to further improve the effect of suppressing wire drawing, diffraction, and glare, and further improve the accuracy of optical signal acquisition.

[0069] Please refer to this as well. Figures 3-7 In another embodiment, the matte structure 23 includes a plurality of protrusions 231 arranged along the extension direction of the conductor 21, and / or the plurality of protrusions 231 arranged along the circumferential direction of the conductor 21.

[0070] Furthermore, the shape of the plurality of protrusions 231 includes at least one of triangle, arc, rectangle, and trapezoid.

[0071] When light is incident, the triangular protrusion 231 can use its sharp edges to form large-angle scattering, the arc-shaped protrusion 231 can achieve continuous deflection and uniform diffuse reflection of light, and the rectangular and trapezoidal protrusions 231 can form multi-directional reflection through the combination of planes and slopes.

[0072] This embodiment further defines the shape of the protrusion 231, changes the original regular propagation path of light, breaks the coherence conditions required for periodic structure diffraction, thereby significantly weakening or even eliminating the light filamentation and diffraction phenomenon, and ensuring that the signal acquisition area 101 obtains a clear and interference-free optical signal.

[0073] Optionally, the distance between two adjacent protrusions 231 is equal; or, the distance between some two adjacent protrusions 231 is equal, while the distance between other two adjacent protrusions 231 is not equal; or, the distance between two adjacent protrusions 231 is not equal.

[0074] Among them, multiple protrusions 231 form concave and convex surfaces on the heating wire 20, which can effectively reduce specular reflection of the heating wire 20 and enhance diffuse reflection of the heating wire 20, so as to suppress optical defects such as wire drawing, diffraction, and glare caused by light passing through the heating wire 20.

[0075] For example, multiple protrusions 231 are arranged along the extension direction of conductor 21.

[0076] For example, multiple protrusions 231 are arranged along the circumferential direction of conductor 21.

[0077] For example, multiple protrusions 231 are arranged not only along the extension direction of conductor 21, but also along the circumferential direction of conductor 21.

[0078] Optionally, two adjacent protrusions 231 are positioned opposite each other. For example, the protrusions 231 in the first column and the second column are aligned.

[0079] Alternatively, two adjacent protrusions 231 may be arranged in an orthogonal arrangement. For example, the protrusions 231 in the first column may be aligned with the gaps between adjacent protrusions 231 in the second column.

[0080] Therefore, this embodiment forms a concave-convex surface on the heating wire 20 by setting multiple protrusions 231, and the protrusions 231 are arranged along the extension direction and / or circumferential direction of the conductor 21, so as to achieve diffuse reflection of light at various angles, further improve the effect of suppressing wire drawing, diffraction and glare, and further improve the accuracy of optical signal acquisition.

[0081] Furthermore, such as Figure 6 As shown, the height of the protrusion 231 is H, the radial dimension of the conductor 21 is D, and the ratio of the height H to the radial dimension D is 0.001~0.1.

[0082] The ratio of height H to radial dimension D can be exemplified by values ​​such as 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.015, 0.02, 0.025, 0.03, 0.035, 0.04, 0.045, 0.05, 0.055, 0.06, 0.065, 0.07, 0.075, 0.08, 0.085, 0.09, 0.095, or 0.1.

[0083] If the height H and radial dimension D are less than 0.001, the height of the protrusion 231 will be too small, the surface of the heating wire 20 will be too smooth, and when light passes through the heating wire 20, specular reflection will easily occur, and the light wire drawing or diffraction phenomenon will be obvious, affecting the accuracy of signal acquisition.

[0084] If the height H and radial dimension D are greater than 0.1, the height of the protrusion 231 will be too large. When light passes through the heating wire 20, excessive diffuse reflection will easily occur, resulting in a blurry camera image and reduced contrast. Furthermore, the protrusion 231 is prone to stress concentration, which may cause the heating wire 20 to crack and the insulation layer 22 to break.

[0085] Therefore, by limiting the ratio of height H to radial dimension D to 0.001~0.1, this embodiment precisely balances the optical improvement effect and the structural strength of the heating wire 20. This not only controls the surface of the heating wire 20 to achieve stable diffuse reflection, but also avoids excessive diffuse reflection of light, preventing the camera image from becoming blurry and the contrast from decreasing. This adapts to the imaging requirements of in-vehicle high-definition cameras and further improves the accuracy of signal acquisition.

[0086] Furthermore, such as Figure 7 As shown, the plurality of protrusions 231 are equally spaced, the distance between two adjacent protrusions 231 is L, the radial dimension of the conductor 21 is D, and the ratio of distance L to radial dimension D is 0.001~0.25.

[0087] Distance L refers to the distance between the center points of two adjacent protrusions 231. Multiple protrusions 231 are equally spaced and exhibit periodic undulations, so distance L can also be understood as the periodic distance between the multiple protrusions 231.

[0088] The ratio of distance L to radial dimension D can be exemplified by values ​​such as 0.001, 0.003, 0.005, 0.008, 0.01, 0.012, 0.014, 0.016, 0.018, 0.02, 0.022, or 0.025.

[0089] If the ratio of distance L to radial dimension D is less than 0.001, the multiple protrusions 231 will be arranged too densely, which will easily affect the thermal conductivity and electrical stability of the heating wire 20 and reduce the reliability of the heating wire 20.

[0090] If the ratio of distance L to radial dimension D is greater than 0.025, the multiple protrusions 231 will be too sparsely arranged, which will easily lead to local reflection and diffraction residue problems, and poor optical uniformity in the signal acquisition area 101.

[0091] Therefore, by limiting the ratio of distance L to radial dimension D and setting multiple protrusions 231 at equal intervals, this embodiment reasonably limits the arrangement and density of the protrusions 231, which not only controls the surface of the heating wire 20 to achieve stable diffuse reflection and improves the optical uniformity in the signal acquisition area 101, but also reduces the manufacturing cost and process complexity of the heating wire 20, avoids affecting the thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity stability of the heating wire 20, and improves the reliability of the heating wire 20.

[0092] Please refer to this as well. Figures 1-9 In another embodiment, the window assembly 1 further includes a field of view 102, which is located within the signal acquisition area 101.

[0093] At least a portion of the heating wire 20 is disposed in the field of view 102, and the heating wire 20 is arranged around the field of view 102.

[0094] The field of view 102 is used to transmit optical signals from the optical sensor 30 and is the core imaging area of ​​the optical sensor 30. The field of view 102 refers to the area formed by projecting the FOV area of ​​the camera onto the glass substrate 10. The field of view 102 includes a short focal length area 1021 and a long focal length area 1022. The short focal length area 1021 can be the area formed by projecting the FOV area of ​​a 120° short focal length camera onto the glass substrate 10. The long focal length area 1022 can be the area formed by projecting the FOV area of ​​a 30° long focal length camera onto the glass substrate 10.

[0095] At least a portion of the heating wire 20 is disposed around the field of view 102. For example, the heating wire 20 is disposed around the short focal length region 1021. As another example, the heating wire 20 is disposed around the long focal length region 1022.

[0096] Therefore, this embodiment, by having at least a portion of the heating wire 20 surround the field of view 102, changes the heating wire 20 from a straight line shape in related technologies to a wraparound shape, reduces or even avoids the heating wire 20 laterally passing through the field of view 102, disrupts the regularity of diffraction fringes, optimizes the structural setting of the heating wire 20, further suppresses optical defects such as wire drawing, diffraction, and glare caused by light passing through the heating wire 20, further avoids image distortion and stray light interference when the optical sensor collects external light such as vehicle lights and traffic lights, and further improves the accuracy of optical signal acquisition.

[0097] Furthermore, such as Figure 9 As shown, the heating line 20 includes a longitudinal heating strip 24 that passes through the field of view 102. The side 1023 of the field of view 102 is inclined relative to the vertical direction, and the angle α between the longitudinal heating strip 24 and the side 1023 is 0~90°.

[0098] The vertical direction is perpendicular to the horizontal direction. Side 1023 includes a left side and a right side. For example, the left side of the field of view 102 is inclined relative to the vertical direction. As another example, the right side of the field of view 102 is inclined relative to the vertical direction.

[0099] The included angle α between the longitudinal heating strip 24 and the side edge 1023 can be exemplified as 0, 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, 35°, 40°, 45°, 50°, 55°, 60°, 65°, 70°, 75°, 80°, 85°, or 90°, etc.

[0100] Therefore, this embodiment limits the angle α between the longitudinal heating strip 24 and the side 1023, and arranges the longitudinal heating line 20 at an angle to disrupt the regularity of light diffraction, effectively suppressing regular diffraction fringes and light filamentation, dispersing the light refraction angle, reducing the accumulation of stray light in a fixed direction, and further improving the imaging quality of the field of view 102.

[0101] Furthermore, such as Figure 8 As shown, the heating line 20 also includes a transverse heating strip 25 that connects to the longitudinal heating strip 24, and the transverse heating strip 25 is arranged to avoid the field of view 102.

[0102] A horizontal heating strip 25 connects two adjacent vertical heating strips 24. The horizontal heating strip 25 is located between the field of view 102 and the signal acquisition area 101.

[0103] Therefore, by limiting the setting of the horizontal heating strip 25 to avoid the field of view 102, this embodiment can reduce the obstruction of light, reduce the diffraction stripes and light streaking phenomena caused by external light hitting the heating line, weaken the specular reflection and regular refraction phenomena when light shines on the heating line 20, avoid image distortion and stray light interference when the optical sensor collects external light such as vehicle lights and traffic lights, and improve the accuracy of optical signal acquisition.

[0104] Furthermore, the heating line 20, which is at least located in the field of view 102, has the matte structure 23.

[0105] For example, the heating line 20 located in the field of view 102 has a matte structure 23, while the heating line 20 located outside the field of view 102 does not have a matte structure 23.

[0106] For example, the heating wire 20 located in the field of view 102 has a matte structure 23, and the heating wire 20 located outside the field of view 102 also has a matte structure 23.

[0107] Therefore, by limiting the position of the matte structure 23 on the heating line 20, this embodiment achieves a differentiated structural design, simplifies the processing technology, and reduces production costs while ensuring the optical optimization effect of the core field of view 102.

[0108] In some embodiments, the heating wire 20 includes a conductor 21, an insulating layer 22 covering the periphery of the conductor 21, and the matte structure 23 is disposed on the insulating layer 22.

[0109] The insulating layer 22 is made of a matting agent, which includes at least one of fumed silica, precipitated barium sulfate, organic particles, and talc.

[0110] The insulating layer 22 is made of insulating varnish and matting agent. The matting agent can destroy the smoothness of the varnish film surface, forming diffuse reflection of light, thus presenting a matte effect, while significantly increasing the surface roughness.

[0111] Optionally, the particle size of fumed silica is 5 nm to 20 nm. Fumed silica has good dispersibility, uniform haze, and high light transmittance, which can be >90%.

[0112] Precipitated barium sulfate has a particle size of 100nm~500nm. Precipitated barium sulfate is low in cost and has good chemical resistance.

[0113] The organic particles have a particle size of 1μm to 5μm. PMMA can be used for the organic particles, allowing for precise control of particle size and a soft matte finish.

[0114] Talc has a particle size of 500nm~1000nm. Talc is extremely inexpensive and has a noticeable matte finish.

[0115] Therefore, this embodiment achieves a matte effect by modifying the material of the insulating layer 22. The matting agent can be evenly dispersed inside the insulating layer 22, weakening the light transmission and reflection capabilities of the insulating layer 22 as a whole. The optical optimization effect is long-lasting and stable, and it can be adapted to the mass production process of laminated glass without additional complex processing, making it highly producible. Furthermore, there are many types of matting agents, which can be flexibly adjusted according to cost, weather resistance, and light transmission requirements, making it widely adaptable.

[0116] In some embodiments, the heating wire 20 includes a conductor 21, an insulating layer 22 covering the periphery of the conductor 21, and the matte structure 23 is disposed on the insulating layer 22.

[0117] The matte structure 23 is prepared by sandblasting or scraping.

[0118] In the sandblasting process, the conductor 21, which has already been coated with a smooth insulating layer 22, undergoes micron-level sandblasting. This method allows for precise control of roughness.

[0119] In the scraping process, the conductor 21 with a smooth insulating layer 22 is lightly scraped through a specially made rough surface or a rotating brush to increase its roughness.

[0120] Therefore, this embodiment uses physical processing without chemical additives, making it highly environmentally friendly. It does not affect the insulation and weather resistance of the insulation layer 22. The process is simple, highly controllable, and allows for precise control of surface roughness, resulting in high consistency in batch processing. Furthermore, it only modifies the outer surface of the insulation layer 22 without damaging the internal conductor 21 structure, ensuring the stability of the heating wire 20's conductivity and heating function.

[0121] In some embodiments, the heating wire 20 includes a conductor 21, an insulating layer 22 covering the periphery of the conductor 21, and the matte structure 23 is disposed on the conductor 21.

[0122] The matte structure 23 is prepared by chemical etching or plasma treatment.

[0123] In the chemical etching process, by selecting a suitable chemical etchant, it reacts with the conductor 21, but the reaction rate and manner do not uniformly dissolve the entire surface, thus forming a microscopic uneven structure.

[0124] In the ion processing, a rough structure can be etched by bombarding the surface of conductor 21 with low-temperature plasma.

[0125] Therefore, this embodiment reduces the metallic reflectivity of conductor 21 by preparing a matte structure 23 on the surface of conductor 21 through chemical etching and plasma treatment processes. Furthermore, chemical etching or plasma treatment processes can precisely control the microstructure size to meet the requirements of fine optical parameters. At the same time, it does not increase the thickness of the coating, thus avoiding the increase in the overall thickness of the heating wire 20 from affecting the bonding and assembly of the laminated glass.

[0126] This application also provides a vehicle, the vehicle including a body and a window assembly as described above, the window assembly being disposed on the body.

[0127] The vehicle provided in this application, by adopting the window assembly provided in this application, uses a matte structure on the heating wire to convert the specular reflection of light when it encounters the heating wire into diffuse reflection, thereby dispersing diffraction energy to multiple directions, destroying the formation of a single main diffraction fringe, weakening specular reflection and regular refraction phenomena when light shines on the heating wire, effectively suppressing optical defects such as wire drawing, diffraction, and glare caused by light passing through the heating wire, avoiding image distortion and stray light interference when optical sensors collect external light such as vehicle lights and traffic lights, and improving the accuracy of optical signal acquisition.

[0128] To make the objectives and advantages of this application clearer, the effects of the window assembly of this application will be further explained in detail below with reference to specific comparative examples and embodiments.

[0129] Considering the thinness of the heating wire, the reflectivity of the heating wire was indirectly measured to verify the effect of the surface after roughening. The test method is as follows: cut a sample with the heating wire from the finished product. The size is not limited, as long as the sample contains the heating wire. For the test results of Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1-6, please refer to Table 1 and Table 2.

[0130] Table 1: Reflectivity parameters of heating wires in Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1-6

[0131] Table 2: Roughness parameters of heating wires in Examples 1-4

[0132] In summary, as shown in Tables 1 and 2, the window assembly and vehicle provided in this application, by setting a matte structure on the heating line, can control the surface reflectivity and surface roughness of the heating line, so that the specular reflection of light when it encounters the heating line is converted into diffuse reflection, thereby dispersing diffraction energy to multiple directions, destroying the formation of a single main diffraction fringe, weakening the specular reflection and regular refraction phenomena when light shines on the heating line, effectively suppressing optical defects such as wire drawing, diffraction, and glare caused by light passing through the heating line, avoiding image distortion and stray light interference when the optical sensor collects external light such as vehicle lights and traffic lights, and improving the accuracy of optical signal acquisition.

[0133] Unless otherwise stated or in case of conflict, the terms or phrases used in this application shall have the following meanings: In this application, terms such as "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature.

[0134] In this application, "one or more" refers to any one, any two, or any two or more of the listed items. "Several" refers to any two or more.

[0135] In this application, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0136] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part. They can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. They can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0137] In this application, the terms "embodiment" and "implementation" mean that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of these phrases in various locations throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor are they independent or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive with other embodiments. Those skilled in the art will understand, explicitly and implicitly, that the embodiments described in this application can be combined with other embodiments. Furthermore, it should be understood that the features, structures, or characteristics described in the various embodiments of this application can be arbitrarily combined to form yet another embodiment that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of this application, provided there is no contradiction between them.

[0138] The above description represents some embodiments of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of this application, and these improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A vehicle window assembly (1), characterized in that, The window assembly (1) includes: Glass substrate (10); A signal acquisition area (101) is disposed on the glass substrate (10) and is used for optical signal transmission; A heating wire (20) is provided opposite to the signal acquisition area (101). The heating wire (20) is provided with a matte structure (23). The matte structure (23) is used to generate diffuse reflection of optical signals. At least a portion of the matte structure (23) is provided in the signal acquisition area (101).

2. The window assembly (1) as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The heating wire (20) includes a conductor (21) and an insulating layer (22) covering the periphery of the conductor (21); The matte structure (23) is disposed on the insulating layer (22); or, the matte structure (23) is disposed on the conductor (21) and the insulating layer (22).

3. The window assembly (1) as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The matte structure (23) includes a plurality of protrusions (231) arranged along the extension direction of the conductor (21), and / or the plurality of protrusions (231) arranged along the circumferential direction of the conductor (21).

4. The window assembly (1) as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The height of the protrusion (231) is H, the radial dimension of the conductor (21) is D, and the ratio of the height H to the radial dimension D is 0.001~0.

1.

5. The window assembly (1) as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The plurality of protrusions (231) are arranged at equal intervals, the distance between two adjacent protrusions (231) is L, the radial dimension of the conductor (21) is D, and the ratio of distance L to radial dimension D is 0.001~0.

25.

6. The window assembly (1) as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The shape of the plurality of protrusions (231) includes at least one of triangle, arc, rectangle, and trapezoid.

7. The window assembly (1) as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The surface reflectivity RL of the heating wire (20) is less than 1%.

8. The window assembly (1) as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The surface roughness of the heating line (20) with the matte structure (23) is 0.01 μm to 10 μm.

9. The window assembly (1) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The window assembly (1) further includes a field of view (102), which is located within the signal acquisition area (101); At least a portion of the heating wire (20) is disposed in the field of view (102), and the heating wire (20) is arranged around the field of view (102).

10. The window assembly (1) as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The heating line (20) includes a longitudinal heating strip (24) that passes through the field of view (102). The side (1023) of the field of view (102) is inclined relative to the vertical direction, and the angle α between the longitudinal heating strip (24) and the side (1023) is 0~90°.

11. The window assembly (1) as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that, The heating line (20) also includes a transverse heating strip (25) that connects the longitudinal heating strip (24), and the transverse heating strip (25) is arranged to avoid the field of view (102).

12. The window assembly (1) as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The heating line (20) located at least in the field of view (102) has the matte structure (23).

13. The window assembly (1) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The heating wire (20) includes a conductor (21) and an insulating layer (22) covering the periphery of the conductor (21), and the matte structure (23) is disposed on the insulating layer (22); The material of the insulating layer (22) includes a matting agent, which includes at least one of fumed silica, precipitated barium sulfate, organic particles, and talc.

14. The window assembly (1) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The heating wire (20) includes a conductor (21) and an insulating layer (22) covering the periphery of the conductor (21), and the matte structure (23) is disposed on the insulating layer (22); The matte structure (23) is prepared by sandblasting or scraping.

15. The window assembly (1) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The heating wire (20) includes a conductor (21) and an insulating layer (22) covering the periphery of the conductor (21), and the matte structure (23) is disposed on the conductor (21); The matte structure (23) is prepared by chemical etching or plasma treatment.

16. The window assembly (1) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The glass substrate (10) includes a first glass plate (11), an intermediate adhesive layer (12), and a second glass plate (13) stacked in sequence, and the heating wire (20) is disposed between the intermediate adhesive layer (12) and the second glass plate (13).

17. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes a body and a window assembly (1) as described in any one of claims 1-16, the window assembly (1) being disposed on the body.

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