Intelligent sand-proof ventilation mechanism for plateau railway vehicle

Abstract

This invention discloses an intelligent sand-proof ventilation mechanism for plateau railway vehicles, relating to the field of railway vehicle air conditioning technology. It includes a train air conditioning unit with multiple air inlets. Each air inlet contains three filters arranged in a linear array. The side of the filters facing the air inlet opening is the sand-filtering side, and the side away from the air inlet opening is the air-inlet side. Each air inlet contains a sand-proof ventilation component to prevent sand particles from clogging the filters and affecting the ventilation effect of the train air conditioning unit. Through the operation of the sand-proof ventilation component, a function is designed to collect and discharge the detached sand particles. This ensures that the removed sand particles do not simply bounce back and fly towards the sand-filtering side, but are effectively captured by the collection structure on the sand-filtering side, blocking their path to be re-entrained by the main airflow. This ensures that the removed sand particles are directionally transported to a specific external location for discharge, away from the air inlet to avoid secondary inhalation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of air conditioning technology for railway vehicles, specifically to an intelligent sand-proof ventilation mechanism for high-altitude railway vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] During operation, fresh air conditioning units draw in a large amount of sand particles of varying sizes. Existing air conditioning units generally lack efficient self-cleaning mechanisms; sand and dust quickly clog the filter pores within a short time. As operating time increases, sand particles continue to accumulate, further reducing the filter's permeability. Simultaneously, in high-altitude areas where the air is thin, the air conditioning system must maintain a high volume of fresh air to ensure adequate oxygen partial pressure inside the vehicle. Even slight clogging of the filter can significantly impact ventilation efficiency and increase system energy consumption.

[0003] Patent publication number CN114750793B discloses an air conditioning unit with sand-proof function, a sand-proof control method, and a rail vehicle. The patent describes the technical feature of "using a centrifugal sand removal device as a secondary filter; fresh air enters the centrifugal sand removal device after being filtered by a primary filter. The primary filter removes rainwater and large particles of sand, while the centrifugal sand removal device filters smaller particles, which helps improve the sand removal efficiency and effect of the centrifugal sand removal device."

[0004] However, this technology primarily relies on centrifugal force for sand separation, and its separation efficiency is closely related to particle quality. For small-particle, low-density dust such as fine sand and loess commonly found in plateau regions, centrifugal force is often insufficient for effective separation. This results in these fine particles still entering subsequent filtration units with the airflow. Long-term accumulation not only reduces overall filtration efficiency but may also cause wear and tear on internal components such as air ducts and fans in air conditioning systems. Furthermore, during long-term use, the internal channels of centrifugal sand removal devices are prone to accumulation of sticky fine sand or dust. As sediment increases, changes in channel morphology affect airflow organization and centrifugal effect, leading to a gradual decrease in sand removal efficiency and a decline in the system's sand control performance.

[0005] To address this, an intelligent sand-proof ventilation mechanism for high-altitude railway vehicles is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent sand-proof ventilation mechanism for high-altitude railway vehicles to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an intelligent sand-proof ventilation mechanism for plateau railway vehicles, comprising a train air conditioning unit. The train air conditioning unit has multiple air inlets, and each air inlet has three filters installed in a linear array. The side of the filter facing the air inlet opening is the sand-filtering side, and the side away from the air inlet opening is the air-inlet side. Each air inlet is equipped with a sand-proof ventilation component, which is used to prevent sand particles from clogging the filters and thus affecting the ventilation effect of the train air conditioning unit. The sand-proof ventilation component includes three backflushing plates and three sand-collecting covers. Each backflushing plate has multiple air holes, and each sand-collecting cover has an opening on one side. An adjacent backflushing plate and a sand-collecting cover form a group. The backflushing plate and the sand-collecting cover in the same group correspond to one filter. The backflushing plate and the sand-collecting cover in the same group are located on both sides of the filter. The backflushing plate is located on the air-inlet side of the filter, and the side of the backflushing plate with air holes faces the air-inlet side of the filter. The sand-collecting cover is located on the sand-filtering side of the filter, and the side of the air hole opening faces the air-inlet side of the filter.

[0008] Furthermore, the sand-proof ventilation component also includes an equipment trough, which is located at the bottom of the air inlet trough wall on the side away from the filter. A servo motor is fixedly connected to one end of the equipment trough wall. The servo motor has a fixed end and an output shaft. A reciprocating lead screw is fixedly connected to the output shaft end of the servo motor. A sliding plate is slidably connected to the wall of the equipment trough. A rotating ring is rotatably connected to the bottom of the sliding plate. An air pump is fixedly connected to the top of the sliding plate. An upper pipe trough is opened at the top of the air inlet trough wall. Three upper band grooves are opened in a straight line at the top of the air inlet trough wall. The upper band grooves are connected to the interior of the upper pipe grooves. A lower pipe trough is opened at the bottom of the air inlet trough wall. Two lower band grooves are opened at the bottom of the air inlet trough wall. The lower band grooves are connected to the lower pipe. The interiors of the troughs are interconnected. A side trough is provided on the side of the train's air conditioning unit near the air inlet. The side trough is connected to the interior of the lower pipe trough. A vent pipe is slidably connected in the upper trough, and a sand discharge pipe is slidably connected in the lower pipe trough. A rubber belt is fixedly connected in each upper trough, lower trough, and side trough. Three air inlets are fixedly connected to the bottom of the vent pipe, and three sand discharge pipes are fixedly connected to the top of the sand discharge pipe. Three backflushing plates are fixedly connected to the bottom of each air inlet pipe, and three sand collection covers are fixedly connected to the top of each sand discharge pipe. Each sand collection cover has an opening on the side away from the corresponding sand discharge pipe. A vibrator is fixedly connected to the top of the slide plate, and two sets of connecting rods are provided in the air inlet.

[0009] Furthermore, the train's air conditioning units are equipped with intelligent control panels.

[0010] Furthermore, the swivel ring is sleeved on the outside of the reciprocating lead screw, and the swivel ring is slidably connected to the threaded groove of the reciprocating lead screw. The servo motor is controlled by the intelligent control panel of the train air conditioning unit.

[0011] Furthermore, the backflush plate and the sand collection hood in the same group are positioned correspondingly, and the backflush plate and the sand collection hood are of equal width. The backflush plate is attached to the air intake side of the filter screen, and there is a gap between the sand collection hood and the filter screen.

[0012] Furthermore, the air inlet pipe near the equipment slot is fixedly connected to the air pump, and the operation of the air pump is controlled by the intelligent control panel of the train's air conditioning unit.

[0013] Furthermore, all three air intake pipes are slidably connected to the adjacent upper belt groove, and all three air intake pipes pass through the upper belt groove. The two lower sand pipes located inside the air inlet are slidably connected to a lower belt groove, and both of the lower sand pipes pass through the lower belt groove.

[0014] Furthermore, the end of the sand discharge pipe furthest from the equipment tank extends outside the air inlet, and the end of the sand discharge pipe furthest from the equipment tank is bent downwards.

[0015] Furthermore, the rubber belt is fixedly connected to both ends of the groove wall in the upper groove, lower groove, and side groove, and is also fixedly connected to the air inlet pipe that slides in the upper groove, the sand discharge pipe that slides in the lower groove, and the sand discharge pipe that passes through the side groove.

[0016] Furthermore, a set of connecting rods includes four rods, and two sets of connecting rods are respectively located between the two gaps formed by the three filter screens. The two ends of the connecting rods are respectively fixedly connected to the side of the adjacent backflushing plate and the sand collection cover that is close to it. The vibrating end of the vibrator abuts against the backflushing plate on the side close to the equipment tank.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0018] By utilizing the sand-proof ventilation components, a shielding and covering structure is designed to temporarily cut off the airflow attraction of sand particles attached to the filter screen. At the same time, combined with the airflow counter-impact and vibration, sand particles can be effectively removed, thus avoiding the situation where small-diameter, low-density dust such as fine sand and loess is difficult to remove.

[0019] By utilizing the sand-proof ventilation components, a reverse-jet vibration structure was designed to move horizontally back and forth on the filter surface to achieve zoned sand removal. The sand removal process is synchronized with the ventilation operation of the train's air conditioning unit on the plateau railway vehicles. When the reverse-jet vibration structure moves to a certain area of ​​the filter, it immediately performs strong back-blowing and vibration on that area of ​​the filter, forcibly removing the sand and dust clogging the filter, clearing the pores of the filter and restoring the air permeability of that area. This ensures that the filter is always in a state where some areas are being sand-removed while the rest are operating normally, thus maintaining stable overall ventilation resistance and guaranteeing a continuous supply of fresh air to the plateau railway vehicles and efficient operation of the train's air conditioning unit.

[0020] Through the operation of the sand prevention and ventilation components, multi-layer filter screens are used for graded filtration, intercepting sand step by step from coarse to fine. Each filter screen corresponds to a set of reverse jet vibration structure, realizing the synchronous sand removal work of each filter screen and ensuring the long-term stable graded filtration efficiency of each filter screen.

[0021] By utilizing the sand-proof ventilation components, the system is designed to collect and discharge the removed sand particles. This ensures that the removed sand particles do not simply bounce back and fly towards the filter side, but are effectively captured by the collection structure on the filter side. This blocks the path of the sand particles being re-entrained by the main airflow, ensuring that the removed sand particles are directed to a specific external location for discharge, away from the air inlet to avoid secondary inhalation. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall device of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the location of the train air conditioning unit, air inlet, filter, and other structures of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the train air conditioning unit, air inlet, filter, and other structures of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the positions of the equipment slot, servo motor, reciprocating lead screw, and other structures of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the positions of the air inlet, filter, sand collection cover, and other structures of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the positions of the upper tube groove, upper band groove, lower tube groove, and other structures of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the positions of the lower tube groove, lower strip groove, and side strip groove of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the positions of the anti-jet plate, sand collection cover, and other structures of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the air inlet, vent pipe, sand discharge pipe, and other structures of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the positions of the ventilation pipe, sand discharge pipe, rubber belt, and other structures of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 11 This is an exploded view of the reciprocating lead screw, slide plate, swivel, and other structures of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 12This is an exploded schematic diagram of the sand collection cover, ventilation pipe, and other structures of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram showing the positions of the ventilation pipe, sand discharge pipe, rubber belt, and other structures of the present invention.

[0035] In the picture:

[0036] 11. Train air conditioning unit; 12. Air inlet; 13. Filter;

[0037] Sandproof ventilation components:

[0038] 21. Equipment slot; 22. Servo motor; 23. Reciprocating lead screw; 24. Slide plate; 25. Rotary ring; 26. Air pump; 27. Upper pipe slot; 28. Upper belt slot; 29. ​​Lower pipe slot; 210. Lower belt slot; 211. Side belt slot; 212. Vent pipe; 213. Sand discharge pipe; 214. Rubber belt; 215. Air inlet pipe; 216. Sand discharge pipe; 217. Backflush plate; 218. Air hole; 219. Sand collection cover; 220. Vibrator; 221. Connecting rod. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0040] The embodiments provided by this invention:

[0041] Please see Figures 1 to 13 As shown, an intelligent sand-proof ventilation mechanism for plateau railway vehicles includes a train air conditioning unit 11. The train air conditioning unit 11 has multiple air inlets 12, and each air inlet 12 has three filters 13 installed in a linear array.

[0042] The train air conditioning unit 11, air inlet 12, and filter 13 are all existing known technologies. The air inlet 12 is the intake of fresh air from outside the train air conditioning unit 11, and the filter 13 is used to filter sand particles in the fresh air. Furthermore, the filtration precision of the three filters 13 within a single air inlet 12 varies, decreasing from large to small from the outside to the inside of the air inlet 12, thus achieving graded sand filtration. Sand particles can be intercepted step by step according to size, preventing a single filter 13 from being densely clogged by filters 13 of different particle sizes in a short period.

[0043] In the prior art, multiple fans are installed inside the air inlet 12. These fans are used to draw fresh air from the outside into the air inlet 12. This is a known technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0044] Among them, the side of the filter 13 facing the opening of the air inlet 12 is the sand filtering side, and the side away from the opening of the air inlet 12 is the air intake side.

[0045] Each air inlet 12 is equipped with a sand-proof ventilation component, which is used to prevent sand particles from clogging the filter screen 13 and thus affecting the ventilation effect of the train air conditioning unit 11.

[0046] The sand-proof ventilation component includes an equipment slot 21, which is located at the bottom of the air inlet 12, away from the filter screen 13. A servo motor 22 is fixedly connected to one end of the equipment slot 21. The servo motor 22 has a fixed end and an output shaft. A reciprocating lead screw 23 is fixedly connected to the output shaft end of the servo motor 22. A sliding plate 24 is slidably connected to the wall of the equipment slot 21. A rotating ring 25 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the sliding plate 24. An air pump 26 is fixedly connected to the top of the sliding plate 24. An upper pipe slot 27 is opened at the top of the air inlet 12. Three upper band slots 28 are opened in a straight line at the top of the air inlet 12. The upper band slots 28 are connected to the interior of the upper pipe slots 27. A lower pipe slot 29 is opened at the bottom of the air inlet 12. Two lower band slots 210 are opened at the bottom of the air inlet 12. The lower band slots 210 are connected to the interior of the lower pipe slots 29. The train air conditioning unit 11 has a [missing information - likely a design feature] on the side near the air inlet 12. The side groove 211 is connected to the interior of the lower pipe groove 29. The upper groove 28 is slidably connected to the vent pipe 212, and the lower pipe groove 29 is slidably connected to the sand discharge pipe 213. Each upper groove 28, lower groove 210, and side groove 211 is fixedly connected to a rubber belt 214. The bottom of the vent pipe 212 is fixedly connected to three air inlet pipes 215, and the top of the sand discharge pipe 213 is fixedly connected to three sand discharge pipes 216. The bottom end of each air inlet pipe 215 is fixedly connected to a backflushing plate 217. Each backflushing plate 217 has multiple air holes 218 evenly opened on the side away from the corresponding air inlet pipe 215. The top end of each sand discharge pipe 216 is fixedly connected to a sand collection cover 219. The side of each sand collection cover 219 away from the corresponding sand discharge pipe 216 is set as an opening. The top of the slide plate 24 is fixedly connected to a vibrator 220, and two sets of connecting rods 221 are provided in the air inlet 12.

[0047] In the prior art, the train air conditioning unit 11 is equipped with an intelligent control panel, which is not shown in the figure. This is existing known technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0048] Where: Reference Figure 9 , Figure 11As shown, the reciprocating lead screw 23 is a known prior art technology. The reciprocating lead screw 23 has two internally connected but oppositely patterned threaded grooves. A swivel ring 25 is fitted around the outside of the reciprocating lead screw 23. A protrusion is fixedly connected to the top of the inner ring surface of the swivel ring 25, and this protrusion is slidably connected within the threaded groove of the reciprocating lead screw 23. That is, the swivel ring 25 is slidably connected to the threaded groove of the reciprocating lead screw 23.

[0049] Regarding the previous point, it should be added that: the reciprocating screw 23, the rotating ring 25, and the sliding plate 24 constitute a linear reciprocating motion structure in the prior art, that is, as the reciprocating screw 23 rotates, the sliding plate 24 can reciprocate within the equipment slot 21. This reciprocating motion is driven by a servo motor 22, which is controlled by the intelligent control panel of the train air conditioning unit 11.

[0050] The system consists of three groups: one adjacent backflushing plate 217 and one sand collection hood 219. Each group of backflushing plate 217 and sand collection hood 219 corresponds to one filter screen 13. Within the same group, the backflushing plate 217 and sand collection hood 219 are located on opposite sides of the filter screen 13. Specifically, the backflushing plate 217 is located on the air inlet side of the filter screen 13, with the side of the backflushing plate 217 with the air hole 218 facing the air inlet side of the filter screen 13. The sand collection hood 219 is located on the sand-filtering side of the filter screen 13, with the opening side of the air hole 218 facing the air inlet side of the filter screen 13.

[0051] Regarding the previous point, it is necessary to add: (Refer to...) Figure 4 As shown, the backflushing plate 217 and the sand collecting hood 219 in the same group are positioned correspondingly, and the widths of the backflushing plate 217 and the sand collecting hood 219 are equal. Their function is to allow the airflow ejected from the air hole 218 to enter the sand collecting hood 219. (Refer to...) Figure 9 As shown, the backflushing plate 217 is attached to the air inlet side of the filter screen 13, and its function is to ensure that the airflow ejected from the air hole 218 can act on the filter screen 13. A gap is left between the sand collection cover 219 and the filter screen 13, and its function is to ensure that the sand particles attached to the sand-filtering side of the filter screen 13 can enter the coverage area of ​​the sand collection cover 219 through the gap.

[0052] Where: Reference Figure 3 as well as Figures 8 to 10As shown, the air inlet pipe 215 near the equipment slot 21 is fixedly connected to the air pump 26. Its function is to allow the airflow ejected by the air pump 26 to flow directly through the air inlet pipe 215 to the adjacent backflushing plate 217, and also through the air inlet pipe 215 to the vent pipe 212, and then through the vent pipe 212 and other air inlet pipes 215 connected to the vent pipe 212 to the corresponding backflushing plate 217. Specifically, through the cooperation of the air inlet pipe 215 and the vent pipe 212, the airflow ejected by the air pump 26 can be simultaneously ejected from the air holes 218 on the three backflushing plates 217. Specifically, the operation of the air pump 26 is controlled by the intelligent control panel of the train air conditioning unit 11.

[0053] Where: Reference Figure 3 and Figure 9 As shown, all three air intake pipes 215 are slidably connected to the adjacent upper groove 28, and all three air intake pipes 215 pass through the upper groove 28.

[0054] Where: Reference Figure 3 , Figure 5 as well as Figure 9 As shown, the end of the sand discharge pipe 213 furthest from the equipment tank 21 extends outside the air inlet 12, and the other end of the sand discharge pipe 213 is bent downwards. This serves to allow the sand discharge pipe 213 to discharge the sand particles inside the air inlet 12 outside, and to direct the sand particles away from the air inlet 12 by bending it, thereby preventing the discharged sand particles from being sucked back into the air inlet 12.

[0055] Where: Reference Figure 3 and Figure 9 As shown, the sand collection cover 219 corresponding to the filter 13 located on one side of the air inlet 12 is located outside the air inlet 12, that is, the other two sand collection covers 219 are located inside the air inlet 12.

[0056] Regarding the previous point, it is necessary to add: (Refer to...) Figure 3 and Figure 9 As shown, the two downpipes 216 located inside the air inlet 12 are slidably connected to a lower strip groove 210, and both downpipes 216 pass through the lower strip groove 210.

[0057] Where: Reference Figure 3 , Figure 4 as well as Figure 10 and Figure 13As shown, the rubber belt 214 is fixedly connected to both ends of the groove wall in the upper groove 28, lower groove 210, and side groove 211, respectively, and is also fixedly connected to the air inlet pipe 215 sliding in the upper groove 28, the sand discharge pipe 216 sliding in the lower groove 210, and the sand discharge pipe 213 passing through the side groove 211. The function of the rubber belt 214 is to seal the upper groove 28, lower groove 210, and side groove 211 while ensuring that the air inlet pipe 215, sand discharge pipe 216, and sand discharge pipe 213 can move freely, so as to prevent sand particles from passing through the upper groove 28, lower groove 210, and side groove 211, thereby ensuring the comprehensiveness of the three filters 13 for graded filtration.

[0058] Where: Reference Figure 4 , Figure 8 As shown, a set of connecting rods 221 includes four rods. Two sets of connecting rods 221 are respectively located between the two gaps formed by the three filters 13, and the two ends of the connecting rods 221 are respectively fixedly connected to the side of the adjacent backflushing plate 217 and sand collection cover 219. The function of the connecting rods 221 is to connect the three sets of backflushing plates 217 and sand collection cover 219 into a whole with the cooperation of the vent pipe 212, the air inlet pipe 215, the sand discharge pipe 216, and the backflushing plate 217, so that the three sets of backflushing plates 217 and sand collection cover 219 can be driven by the slide plate 24 to perform linear reciprocating motion.

[0059] Specifically, the vibrating end of vibrator 220 contacts the backflushing plate 217 near the side of equipment trough 21. Its function is as follows: Based on the above description, since the three sets of backflushing plates 217 and sand collection covers 219 are connected as a whole, and the three backflushing plates 217 are respectively attached to the air inlet side of the adjacent filter screen 13, the vibration of vibrator 220 can transmit vibration to the three backflushing plates 217 and the three sand collection covers 219. When the three backflushing plates 217 vibrate, they can apply vibration from the air inlet side to the sand-collecting side to the corresponding filter screen 13. When the three sand collection covers 219 vibrate, they can shake off the sticky fine sand or dust adhering to the inner wall. Specifically, the operation of vibrator 220 is controlled by the intelligent control panel of train air conditioning unit 11.

[0060] In the initial stage of the sand-proof ventilation component, when the plateau railway vehicles do not need to be ventilated by the train air conditioning unit 11, the internal structure of the sand-proof ventilation component is as follows: under the control of the intelligent control panel of the train air conditioning unit 11, the servo motor 22, air pump 26, and vibrator 220 are not started.

[0061] When the sand-proof ventilation components are in operation, i.e., when the train air conditioning unit 11 is running and ventilation operations are required for the plateau railway vehicles, multiple fans in the air inlet 12 start up to draw fresh air from the outside into the air inlet 12. The fresh air from the outside is filtered by three filters 13 to remove sand particles. The sand particles are attracted by the wind force of the fans and are adsorbed and remain on the sand-filtering side of each filter 13. The fresh air after removing the sand particles is input into the plateau railway vehicles by the train air conditioning unit 11, thereby realizing ventilation and air conditioning inside the plateau railway vehicles.

[0062] At this time, the sand-proof ventilation components are operating as follows:

[0063] At this time, the intelligent control panel of the train's air conditioning unit 11 controls the servo motor 22, air pump 26, and vibrator 220 to operate simultaneously. As the servo motor 22 operates, its output shaft rotates, driving the reciprocating screw 23 to rotate synchronously. While the reciprocating screw 23 rotates, it tends to deflect the slide plate 24 along the thread groove via the rotating ring 25. However, because the slide plate 24 is slidably limited by the groove wall of the equipment slot 21, it is unaffected by the deflection. During this process, the protrusion of the rotating ring 25 slides within the thread groove of the reciprocating screw 23, causing the rotating ring 25 to deflect along the thread groove of the reciprocating screw 23, thus causing a corresponding rotation at the bottom of the slide plate 24. Therefore, as the reciprocating screw 23 rotates, the slide plate 24 is driven by the reciprocating screw 23 to perform linear reciprocating motion along the equipment slot 21.

[0064] As the slide plate 24 reciprocates linearly along the equipment groove 21, as explained above, "with the cooperation of the vent pipe 212, the inlet pipe 215, the sand discharge pipe 216, and the backflushing plate 217, the three sets of backflushing plates 217 and the sand collection cover 219 are connected as a whole, so that the three sets of backflushing plates 217 and the sand collection cover 219 can be driven by the slide plate 24 to perform linear reciprocating motion." Therefore, at this time, the three sets of backflushing plates 217 and the sand collection cover 219 are driven to perform synchronous linear reciprocating motion. As the backflushing plates 217 and the sand collection cover 219 move, their horizontal positions on the filter screen 13 change accordingly.

[0065] While the servo motor 22 is running, the air pump 26 is driven synchronously by the intelligent control panel of the train air conditioning unit 11. The jet nozzle of the air pump 26 injects airflow into each backflushing plate 217 through the air inlet pipe 215 and the vent pipe 212. The airflow then exits through the air holes 218 into the filter screen 13 within each backflushing plate 217. This ensures that the portion of each filter screen 13 corresponding to the position of the backflushing plate 217 is blown by the airflow from the air inlet side to the filter sand side. Simultaneously, because the backflushing plate 217 covers this portion of the filter screen 13 being blown by the airflow, this covered portion of the filter screen 13 is not exposed to the wind force attraction range of the fan in the air inlet 12. Therefore, the portion of the filter screen 13 covered by the backflushing plate 217 is not affected by the wind force attraction of the fan in the air inlet 12 and is subjected to reverse impact by the airflow ejected from the air holes 218. This causes the sand particles previously adsorbed on the filter screen 13 to be pushed towards the opening side of the air inlet 12 by the counter-impact airflow. Meanwhile, the opening side of the sand collection hood 219 in the same group faces the side of the counter-impact plate 217 with its air holes 218. The sand particles propelled by the counter-impact airflow then enter the sand collection hood 219 through the opening. Under the continuous airflow from the air pump 26, the counter-impact airflow passes through the filter screen 13 and enters the sand collection hood 219 and the sand discharge pipe 213, finally exiting the air inlet 12 through the bent end of the sand discharge pipe 213. During this process, the airflow within the sand discharge pipe 213 causes the detached sand particles to move synchronously, allowing the sand particles detached from the filter screen 13 by the counter-impact airflow to exit the air inlet 12 through the bent end of the sand discharge pipe 213.

[0066] During the operation of the air pump 26, the vibrator 220 is synchronously driven by the intelligent control panel of the train air conditioning unit 11. As the vibrator 220 operates, it vibrates towards the adjacent backflushing plates 217. Since the three sets of backflushing plates 217 and the sand collection covers 219 are connected as a whole, and the three backflushing plates 217 are respectively attached to the air intake side of the adjacent filter screen 13, the vibration of the vibrator 220 can be transmitted to the three backflushing plates 217 and the three sand collection covers 219. When the three backflushing plates 217 vibrate, they can apply vibration from the air intake side to the sand-filtering side to the corresponding filter screen 13. This ensures that the sand particles on the sand-filtering side of the filter screen 13 are not only subjected to the back impact of the airflow, but also to the vibration, ensuring that they can be removed from the filter screen 13. Furthermore, when the three sand collection hoods 219 vibrate, they can shake off the sticky fine sand or dust adhering to the inner wall. The shaken-off sticky fine sand or dust can also be discharged from the inside of the air inlet 12 through the bend end of the sand discharge pipe 213 under the action of airflow. This avoids the accumulation of sticky fine sand or dust in the flow channel inside the sand collection hoods 219, which would affect the sand removal efficiency.

[0067] As the three sets of backwash plates 217 and sand collection covers 219 reciprocate linearly, they continuously reciprocate horizontally on the corresponding filter screens 13. This causes the positions of the backwash plates 217 and sand collection covers 219 on the filter screens 13 to continuously change, thereby enabling the backwash plates 217 and sand collection covers 219 to remove sand from different positions on the filter screens 13, thus ensuring the comprehensiveness of the sand removal work on the filter screens 13.

[0068] It is important to note that during the movement of the backwash plate 217 and the sand collection hood 219, the aforementioned "gap between the sand collection hood 219 and the filter screen 13, which ensures that sand particles attached to the filter screen 13 can pass through this gap and enter the coverage area of ​​the sand collection hood 219" prevents the sand particles on the filter screen 13 from moving synchronously with the movement of the sand collection hood 219. Furthermore, the statement that "the backwash plate 217 and the sand collection hood 219 in the same group are positioned correspondingly, and the widths of the backwash plate 217 and the sand collection hood 219 are equal, which allows the airflow ejected from the air holes 218 to enter the sand collection hood 219" ensures that sand particles propelled by the backwash airflow enter the interior of the sand collection hood 219, rather than being blown away by the airflow into the air inlet 12, thus ensuring the effectiveness of sand removal.

[0069] In summary, the following beneficial effects can be achieved through the operation of the sand-proof ventilation components:

[0070] By operating the sand-proof ventilation components, a shielding and covering structure is designed to temporarily cut off the airflow attraction of sand particles attached to the filter screen 13. At the same time, combined with the airflow counter-impact and vibration, sand particles can be effectively removed, thus avoiding the situation where small-particle-size, low-density dust such as fine sand and loess is difficult to remove.

[0071] By operating the sand-proof ventilation components, a reverse jet vibration structure is designed to move horizontally back and forth on the surface of the filter screen 13 to achieve zoned sand removal. The sand removal process is synchronized with the ventilation operation of the train air conditioning unit 11 on the plateau railway vehicles. When the reverse jet vibration structure moves to a certain area of ​​the filter screen 13, it immediately performs strong back-blowing and vibration on the filter screen 13 in that area, forcibly removing the sand and dust clogging the filter screen 13, clearing the pores of the filter screen 13 and restoring the air permeability of that area. This ensures that the filter screen 13 is always in a state where some areas are being sanded and the rest are working normally, thus maintaining a stable overall ventilation resistance and ensuring a continuous supply of fresh air to the plateau railway vehicles and the efficient operation of the train air conditioning unit 11.

[0072] Through the operation of the sand prevention and ventilation components, multi-layer filter screens 13 are used for graded filtration, intercepting sand step by step from coarse to fine. Each filter screen 13 corresponds to a set of reverse jet vibration structure, realizing the synchronous sand removal work of each filter screen 13 and ensuring the long-term stable graded filtration efficiency of each filter screen 13.

[0073] By operating the sand-proof ventilation components, the design incorporates the function of collecting and discharging the sand particles after they have been removed. This ensures that the removed sand particles do not simply bounce and fly back towards the filter side, but are effectively captured by the collection structure on the filter side, blocking their path to be re-entrained by the main airflow. This ensures that the removed sand particles are directed to a specific external location for discharge, away from the air inlet 12 to avoid secondary inhalation.

[0074] It should be noted that the terms “comprising,” “including,” or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0075] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention.

Claims

1. A smart sand-proof ventilation mechanism for plateau railway vehicles, comprising a train air conditioning unit (11), wherein the train air conditioning unit (11) has multiple air inlets (12), and each air inlet (12) has three filters (13) installed in a linear array, wherein the side of the filter (13) facing the opening of the air inlet (12) is the sand-filtering side, and the side away from the opening of the air inlet (12) is the air-inlet side, characterized in that: Each air inlet (12) is equipped with a sand-proof ventilation component. The sand-proof ventilation component is used to prevent sand particles from clogging the filter screen (13) and thus affecting the ventilation effect of the train air conditioning unit (11). The sand-proof ventilation component includes three backflushing plates (217) and three sand collection covers (219). Each backflushing plate (217) has multiple air holes (218). Each sand collection cover (219) has an opening on one side. An adjacent backflushing plate (217) and a sand collection cover (219) form a group. The backflush plate (217) and the sand collection cover (219) correspond to a filter screen (13). The backflush plate (217) and the sand collection cover (219) in the same group are located on both sides of the filter screen (13). The backflush plate (217) is located on the air inlet side of the filter screen (13), and the side of the backflush plate (217) with the air hole (218) faces the air inlet side of the filter screen (13). The sand collection cover (219) is located on the sand filtering side of the filter screen (13), and the side with the opening of the air hole (218) faces the air inlet side of the filter screen (13).

2. The intelligent sand-proof ventilation mechanism for plateau railway vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sand-proof ventilation assembly also includes an equipment trough (21), which is located at the bottom of the air inlet (12) on the side away from the filter screen (13). A servo motor (22) is fixedly connected to one end of the equipment trough (21). The servo motor (22) has a fixed end and an output shaft. A reciprocating lead screw (23) is fixedly connected to the output shaft end of the servo motor (22). A sliding plate (24) is slidably connected to the wall of the equipment trough (21). A rotating ring (25) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the sliding plate (24). (24) has an air pump (26) fixedly connected to its top. The top of the air inlet (12) has an upper pipe groove (27) and three upper band grooves (28) in a straight line. The upper band grooves (28) are connected to the interior of the upper pipe grooves (27). The bottom of the air inlet (12) has a lower pipe groove (29) and two lower band grooves (210) at the bottom of the air inlet (12). The lower band grooves (210) are connected to the interior of the lower pipe grooves (29). The unit (11) has a side strip groove (211) on the side near the air inlet (12). The side strip groove (211) is connected to the interior of the lower pipe groove (29). A vent pipe (212) is slidably connected in the upper strip groove (28), and a sand discharge pipe (213) is slidably connected in the lower pipe groove (29). A rubber strip (214) is fixedly connected in each upper strip groove (28), lower strip groove (210), and side strip groove (211). The bottom of the vent pipe (212) is fixedly connected to three air inlet pipes (214). 5) The top of the sand discharge pipe (213) is fixedly connected to three sand discharge pipes (216), three backflushing plates (217) are fixedly connected to the bottom of each air inlet pipe (215), three sand collection hoods (219) are fixedly connected to the top of each sand discharge pipe (216), and each sand collection hood (219) is set with an opening on the side away from the corresponding sand discharge pipe (216). The top of the slide plate (24) is fixedly connected to a vibrator (220), and two sets of connecting rods (221) are provided in the air inlet (12).

3. The intelligent sand-proof ventilation mechanism for plateau railway vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The train's air conditioning unit (11) is equipped with an intelligent control panel.

4. The intelligent sand-proof ventilation mechanism for plateau railway vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that: The swivel (25) is sleeved on the outside of the reciprocating screw (23), and the swivel (25) is slidably connected to the threaded groove of the reciprocating screw (23). The servo motor (22) is controlled by the intelligent control panel of the train air conditioning unit (11).

5. The intelligent sand-proof ventilation mechanism for plateau railway vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that: The backflush plate (217) and the sand collection hood (219) in the same group are in the same position, and the backflush plate (217) and the sand collection hood (219) are of equal width. The backflush plate (217) fits against the air intake side of the filter screen (13), and there is a gap between the sand collection hood (219) and the filter screen (13).

6. The intelligent sand-proof ventilation mechanism for plateau railway vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that: The air inlet pipe (215) near the equipment slot (21) is fixedly connected to the air pump (26), and the operation of the air pump (26) is controlled by the intelligent control panel of the train air conditioning unit (11).

7. The intelligent sand-proof ventilation mechanism for plateau railway vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that: All three air intake pipes (215) are slidably connected to the adjacent upper band groove (28), and all three air intake pipes (215) pass through the upper band groove (28). The two lower sand pipes (216) located inside the air inlet (12) are slidably connected to a lower band groove (210), and both lower sand pipes (216) pass through the lower band groove (210).

8. The intelligent sand-proof ventilation mechanism for plateau railway vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that: The end of the sand discharge pipe (213) away from the equipment tank (21) extends out of the air inlet (12), and the end of the sand discharge pipe (213) away from the equipment tank (21) is bent downward.

9. The intelligent sand-proof ventilation mechanism for plateau railway vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rubber belt (214) is fixedly connected to both ends of the groove wall in the upper groove (28), lower groove (210), and side groove (211), and is fixedly connected to the air inlet pipe (215) sliding in the upper groove (28), the sand discharge pipe (216) sliding in the lower groove (210), and the sand discharge pipe (213) passing through the side groove (211).

10. The intelligent sand-proof ventilation mechanism for plateau railway vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that: A set of connecting rods (221) includes four rods. The two sets of connecting rods (221) are located between the two gaps formed by the three filter screens (13). The two ends of the connecting rods (221) are fixedly connected to the side of the adjacent backflushing plate (217) and the sand collection cover (219). The vibrating end of the vibrator (220) abuts against the backflushing plate (217) on the side of the equipment tank (21).

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