A graphitization safety production management method and system and a storage medium

Abstract

This invention discloses a method, system, and medium for safe production management in graphitization. It employs a three-tiered safety protection architecture to control the graphitization production process, including a process control level, a safety limitation level, and a safety protection level. The process control level is controlled by a main PLC controller performing normal process control. The safety limitation level consists of two independent PLC safety limitation systems that monitor key parameters such as temperature and pressure. When these parameters exceed safety protection thresholds, an orderly shutdown is executed. The safety protection level triggers emergency cooling and pressure relief via purely mechanical or hardware-connected circuits when all three systems fail. The system utilizes a redundant design with three pressure sensors and nine temperature sensors. The sensor layout is layered according to the temperature field distribution of the graphitization furnace, and a temperature-pressure compensation algorithm dynamically corrects the collected values, achieving a shift from passive over-limit alarm response to proactive prediction and compensation control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of graphitization production technology, and in particular to a method, system and storage medium for safe production management in graphitization. Background Technology

[0002] Graphitization is a core process in the production of anode materials, operating at temperatures exceeding 2000℃ and involving high-current power supply and complex material handling, making it a typical high-risk process. Currently, safety management at graphitization production sites relies primarily on manual inspections and experience-based judgment, with operators periodically checking furnace temperature, current distribution, and equipment operating status. However, manual inspections inherently suffer from response delays, failing to detect real-time changes in the furnace temperature field, abnormal current distribution, and potential thermal runaway risks. Statistics show that over 70% of explosions and fires in the chemical industry occur within 5 minutes of a leak, making traditional manual management methods ill-suited to the stringent emergency response requirements of the high-risk graphitization process.

[0003] The safety management systems of existing graphitization production enterprises are generally still at the stage of experience-based management and institutional constraints, lacking intelligent safety protection measures that match the characteristics of the process. On the one hand, management relies on personal experience and employees passively obey orders. Frontline employees may conceal minor problems or hidden dangers out of concern for punishment, preventing management from obtaining accurate risk information. On the other hand, traditional management models focus on handling superficial problems and individual incidents, lacking effective control over systemic process safety elements such as equipment integrity management, change management, and contractor management. In addition, there is a severe shortage of compound talents in the industry who are familiar with graphitization processes and proficient in modern safety management. This gap in professional capabilities further restricts the improvement of safety management levels. At the same time, against the backdrop of increasingly stringent energy consumption control policies and intensified industry competition, graphitization costs account for approximately 50% of the total cost of anode materials. Problems such as large fluctuations in product qualification rates and inaccurate energy consumption control caused by traditional extensive management directly weaken the market competitiveness of enterprises.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, some enterprises have attempted to introduce conventional industrial automation control systems. However, these systems often employ a single-node, single-system control architecture. If a controller or sensor malfunctions, the entire safety protection system faces the risk of shutdown. Furthermore, existing systems rely excessively on the measured values ​​of a single sensor for data acquisition, failing to fully utilize the strong coupling relationship between temperature and pressure in the graphitization process. This prevents proactive prediction and compensation control of changes in the furnace's internal state, leaving safety protection at the level of passively responding to over-limit alarms. Therefore, developing a safety production management method and system that matches the high-risk characteristics of graphitization processes and possesses high reliability and proactive predictive capabilities has become an urgent technical problem to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method, system, and storage medium for safe production management in graphitization, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for safe production management in graphitization, comprising the following steps:

[0007] A three-tiered security architecture is employed to control the graphitization production process. This three-tiered security architecture includes:

[0008] Process control level: Normal process control of the graphitization process is performed by the main PLC controller, including temperature control and pressure control;

[0009] Safety Limit Level: Two independent PLC safety limit systems monitor key temperature and pressure parameters respectively. When either parameter exceeds the preset safety protection threshold, an orderly shutdown of the furnace and heating is executed, and an early warning is sent to the main PLC controller.

[0010] Safety protection level: When both the process control level and the safety limit level fail, a fail-safe mechanism is triggered to perform emergency cooling and emergency depressurization through purely mechanical or hardware wiring circuits;

[0011] The key temperature and pressure parameters are acquired through redundant sensors, and the acquired values ​​are dynamically corrected using a temperature-pressure compensation algorithm. The temperature-pressure compensation algorithm is based on the coupling relationship between temperature and pressure inside the graphitization furnace.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution, the redundant sensors are configured as follows:

[0013] Redundant data acquisition was performed using three pressure sensors and nine temperature sensors. The final parameter values ​​of all key signals were calculated using the arithmetic mean of the measurements from multiple sensors.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution, the nine temperature sensors are arranged as follows:

[0015] The graphitization furnace is arranged in three layers along its height: top, middle, and bottom. Each layer is equipped with three temperature sensors. The three pressure sensors are positioned away from the top of the furnace to reduce measurement errors caused by differences in heat diffusion rates.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution, the temperature-pressure compensation algorithm adopts at least one of the following: a compensation algorithm based on the thermodynamic law of conservation of energy, a least squares fitting compensation algorithm based on linear regression, and a compensation algorithm based on HHL quantum computing.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution, the security protection threshold is set as follows:

[0018] Based on the maximum normal operating pressure of the equipment, the safety limit pressure is set to 102.5% of the maximum normal operating pressure, and the safety limit pressure is set to 107.5% of the maximum normal operating pressure. Based on the maximum normal operating temperature of the equipment, the safety limit temperature is set to 5°C above the maximum normal operating temperature, and the safety limit temperature is set to 15°C above the maximum normal operating temperature.

[0019] Secondly, the present invention provides a safety production management system for graphitization, comprising:

[0020] The main PLC controller is used to perform normal process control of the graphitization process;

[0021] Two independent PLC safety limiting systems, namely a temperature protection PLC system and a pressure protection PLC system, are used to independently monitor key temperature and pressure parameters and take over control when the parameters exceed the safety protection threshold.

[0022] The redundant sensor module includes multiple pressure sensors and multiple temperature sensors, and the output signals of all sensors are transmitted to the main PLC controller and two independent PLC safety limit systems, respectively.

[0023] A dual power supply conversion system is used to automatically switch to backup power supply when the main power supply fails;

[0024] The mechanical interlocking system consists of microswitches installed on movable and detachable parts, used to prevent heating operation when the parts are not in place;

[0025] The hard mechanical safety system consists of multiple sets of safety relay circuits. When all three independent PLC systems fail or the emergency stop device is triggered, heating is stopped and an alarm is triggered by switching between normally open and normally closed contacts.

[0026] The temperature-pressure compensation module, integrated into the main PLC controller and / or two independent PLC safety limit systems, is used to dynamically compensate and correct the sensor-acquired values ​​based on the coupling relationship between temperature and pressure.

[0027] As a preferred technical solution, the dual power supply conversion system adopts an STS static transfer switch with a switching time of 5~10ms. The STS static transfer switch detects the status of the main power supply and the backup power supply in real time. When the characteristics of the main power supply deviate from the specified limit, it automatically switches the load to the backup power supply and automatically switches back when the main power supply is restored.

[0028] As a preferred technical solution, in the mechanical interlocking system, two sets of microswitches are provided at each movable and detachable component for redundant judgment. The microswitches are normally open contact type. When the component moves into position, the microswitch closes, and the PLC system allows heating to work after receiving the feedback signal; when the component leaves position, the microswitch opens and heating is prohibited.

[0029] As a preferred technical solution, a fail-safe mechanism module is also included, which is configured as follows:

[0030] When any sensor data is abnormal, any PLC system fails to receive a heartbeat signal within a predetermined time, the CRC check of the heartbeat data packet fails, or any PLC system actively reports an internal hardware error, the PLC system that is still working normally takes over the control, executes the heating stop operation, and issues an alarm; when three independent PLC systems fail simultaneously, the hard mechanical safety system is triggered, and the heating system is disconnected through the mechanical interlocking of the safety relay contacts.

[0031] Thirdly, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the graphitization safety production management method as described in any of the preceding claims.

[0032] Most existing safety management systems adopt a single-node, single-system control architecture, which has significant shortcomings. If any node or controller fails, the entire safety system may shut down, which is unacceptable in high-risk scenarios such as graphitization production. To address this issue, this solution employs a multi-level safety protection architecture and incorporates redundancy design for critical nodes to minimize the risks associated with single-point failures. Furthermore, a dual-power conversion system is added, automatically switching to backup power in the event of a main power failure to prevent the safety protection system from collapsing due to power outages.

[0033] In terms of data acquisition, many current systems rely excessively on readings from single sensors, resulting in insufficient accuracy and reliability. However, in actual production, there is a clear correlation between temperature and pressure within the graphitization furnace, making it easy to misjudge based on a single parameter. This solution introduces a temperature-pressure relationship formula, combining real-time temperature and pressure data to dynamically predict temperature trends within the furnace. The results obtained are more accurate than those from a single sensor.

[0034] In summary, this patent makes three main contributions. First, the three-tiered safety protection architecture, coupled with modular redundancy and a dual-power supply design, effectively addresses common issues such as single-node failures, system malfunctions, and power outages, resulting in higher overall system reliability. Second, it directly integrates the temperature-pressure relationship and temperature field distribution patterns into the safety protection system. Third, and most importantly, this mechanism no longer passively waits for parameters to exceed limits before triggering an alarm; instead, it proactively predicts and compensates for these parameters based on their coupling relationship, transforming safety management in graphitization production from a reactive response to an active protection approach, substantially improving both safety and operational reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a functional schematic diagram of the isostatic pressure safety protection system of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the working logic of a PLC system;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a functional architecture diagram for automatic switching control of dual power supplies.

[0038] Figure 4 This is the overall architecture diagram of the safety protection system for isostatic pressing equipment;

[0039] Figure 5 This is the quantum circuit diagram for the HHL algorithm. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0041] It should be understood that the step numbers or level numbers used in the text are for the convenience of description only and are not intended to limit the order of execution or the importance of the levels.

[0042] It should be understood that the terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0043] The terms “comprising” and “including” indicate the presence of the described feature, whole, step, operation, element and / or component, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections thereof.

[0044] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a functional schematic diagram of the isostatic pressure safety protection system provided by the present invention. An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for safe production management in graphitization, which controls the graphitization production process based on a three-level safety protection architecture. Figure 1 As shown, the three-level security protection architecture includes Level 1 process control level, Level 2 security restriction level, and Level 3 security protection level.

[0045] At Level 1 process control, the main PLC controller is responsible for normal process control, including temperature and pressure control. Based on temperature and pressure values ​​collected from redundant sensors and corrected using a temperature-pressure compensation algorithm, the main PLC controller adjusts the heating power and pressurization devices in real time to maintain the furnace temperature and pressure within the normal operating range. If the main PLC system malfunctions, the safety limiting system intervenes and takes full control.

[0046] At Level 2 safety limit, two independent PLC safety limit systems are set up to monitor key temperature and pressure parameters respectively. When either parameter exceeds the preset safety protection threshold, the system executes an orderly shutdown, stops heating, sends an early warning to the main PLC, and displays the warning information on the HMI (Human-Machine Interface). If the parameter exceeds the limit value, the system executes emergency depressurization, emergency cooling, and alarm. If the safety limit level system fails, the highest level protection system will intervene and take full control.

[0047] At Level 3 safety protection, a fail-safe mechanism is triggered when both the process control level and the safety limitation level fail. Specifically, when all three independent systems fail, final protection is triggered via purely mechanical or hardware-connected circuitry, executing emergency cooling and depressurization operations.

[0048] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the working logic of the PLC system provided by the present invention. In this embodiment, three independent PLC control systems are set up, including a main PLC system and two independent PLC safety limiting systems, namely a temperature protection PLC system and a pressure protection PLC system.

[0049] like Figure 2As shown, the main PLC system is responsible for executing the normal functions of the temperature and pressure equipment. Based on the average values ​​of sensor parameters and the results after temperature and pressure compensation, it precisely controls the heating system, performing operations such as stopping heating, cooling the furnace, and depressurizing the furnace. Under normal circumstances, the main PLC system automatically determines whether the temperature and pressure values ​​have reached the threshold values, and automatically stops heating when the threshold values ​​are reached. When the pressure value exceeds the safety limit, that is, the pressure exceeds 102.5% of the maximum value, it indicates that the main PLC system may be malfunctioning. At this time, the other two independent PLC systems take over the protection function.

[0050] An independent temperature protection PLC system is responsible for real-time monitoring of whether the temperature exceeds the limit. When the temperature exceeds the safe limit, the temperature protection PLC system takes over control, stops the heating system and issues a temperature warning; when the temperature exceeds the safe limit, the heating system stops and an alarm is triggered simultaneously.

[0051] An independent pressure protection PLC system is responsible for real-time monitoring of pressure limits. When the pressure exceeds the safe limit, the pressure protection PLC system takes over control, stops the heating system, and issues a pressure warning; when the pressure exceeds the safe limit, an alarm is also triggered. Both the temperature and pressure protection PLC systems have internal programs that calculate the average value of sensor parameters and perform temperature-pressure compensation to accurately determine sensor parameter values, thereby improving safety levels.

[0052] In this embodiment, the threshold values ​​for the temperature protection system and the pressure protection system are set as follows: the maximum normal operating pressure of the equipment is 200 MPa, the safety limit pressure is set to 1.05 × 200 MPa = 210 MPa, and the safety limit pressure is set to 1.1 × 200 MPa = 220 MPa; the maximum normal operating temperature of the equipment is 145℃, the safety limit temperature is set to 150℃, and the safety limit temperature is set to 160℃.

[0053] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a functional architecture diagram of the dual-power automatic switching control provided by the present invention. The embodiments of the present invention employ a redundant power supply mechanism. The dual-power switching system monitors the status of the main power supply and the backup power supply in real time. When the main power supply fails, it automatically switches to the backup power supply. Furthermore, it can be configured by the controller to automatically switch back to the main power supply when the main power supply is restored.

[0054] like Figure 3As shown, the dual power supply conversion system relies on automatic transfer switches to autonomously detect the power supply status in real time, enabling automatic switching between primary and backup power supplies. The dual power supply transfer switch uses an STS static transfer switch instead of an ATS electromagnetic transfer switch. The STS employs high-power thyristor control, reducing the switching time to 5-10ms, preventing load power outages; while the ATS uses excitation drive control, resulting in mechanical delays and switching times of tens to hundreds of milliseconds, which can cause load power outages. The core control principle of the STS static transfer switch is: when the monitored power supply characteristics deviate from the limits specified by the dual power supply conversion controller, it automatically switches the load from the abnormal power supply to the available normal power supply, simultaneously triggering an alarm.

[0055] Please see Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a general architecture diagram of the safety protection system for a thermostatic pressure equipment provided by the present invention. Figure 4 As shown, the embodiments of the present invention include a main PLC system, an independent temperature protection PLC system, an independent pressure protection PLC system, a redundant sensor module including 3 pressure sensors and 9 temperature sensors, a dual power supply conversion system, a mechanical interlocking system, an emergency stop device, a hard mechanical safety system, and a temperature-pressure compensation module.

[0056] In terms of redundancy design for the data acquisition module, three pressure sensors and nine temperature sensors are used for redundancy. All critical signal values ​​(temperature and pressure) are averaged to calculate the final parameters, preventing malfunctions or failures due to single sensor failures. The final parameters are calculated from the sensor data using the following formula:

[0057] A = (A1 + A2 + A3) / 3

[0058] Where A is the final parameter value, and A1, A2, and A3 are the measurement values ​​of the three sensors.

[0059] Regarding the temperature sensor layout, during the heating process of the graphitization furnace, the pressure rises as the furnace temperature increases and decreases when heating stops. During pressure reduction, heat diffuses upwards from the bottom and middle of the furnace, resulting in a smaller temperature difference at the top than at the bottom of the container cavity. Therefore, the nine temperature sensors are arranged in three layers: top, middle, and bottom, with three sensors in each layer. Regarding the pressure sensor layout, according to the kinetic energy theorem, temperature diffusion accelerates when heating stops, with a higher heat diffusion rate at the top resulting in lower pressure. Therefore, the three pressure sensors are positioned far from the top of the furnace to reduce measurement errors.

[0060] The mechanical interlocking system mainly consists of microswitches, installed at various movable and detachable parts, such as the doors of high-pressure sealed containers and protective doors. The microswitches use normally open contacts; once the moving part is in position, the microswitch closes, and the PLC system receives a feedback signal before heating can begin. If the moving part moves away, the microswitch contacts open, and heating cannot proceed. To ensure safety and reliability, two sets of microswitches are used at each moving part for redundant judgment.

[0061] Emergency stop devices are used to handle emergencies. Multiple emergency stop devices can be added in the machine room. The emergency stop button is directly connected to the PLC system control signal line in the safety relay. Once the emergency stop button is pressed, the safety relay control signal is disconnected, performing emergency braking and providing the highest level of protection for the hard mechanical safety system. However, the PLC system remains powered and its stored data is not affected.

[0062] The hard mechanical safety system provides the highest level of protection and is primarily controlled by multiple sets of safety relay circuits. These circuits control the heating system via normally open and normally closed contacts. When the safety relays do not receive control signals from the PLC system (i.e., all three independent PLC systems malfunction), or when the emergency stop button is pressed, the normally open contact circuit of the safety relays opens, and the normally closed contact circuit closes, stopping heating and triggering an alarm.

[0063] The temperature-pressure compensation algorithm of this invention can employ a compensation algorithm based on the thermodynamic law of conservation of energy, a least-squares fitting compensation algorithm based on linear regression, or a compensation algorithm based on HHL quantum computing.

[0064] Temperature-pressure compensation algorithm one:

[0065] The temperature-pressure process utilizes Pascal's law for omnidirectional uniform pressing, but in practice... With a constant container volume, an increase in furnace pressure leads to an increase in overall density and thus a rise in mass. Conversely, during depressurization, the exhaust gas is expelled, resulting in a decrease in overall density and a fall in mass. Therefore, it should be considered a compressible fluid. The flow process generates pressure and temperature deviations, leading to sensor parameter errors and reduced processing accuracy. Thus, temperature-pressure compensation is necessary. Based on the thermodynamic law of conservation of energy, the temperature change after pressurization or depressurization within the furnace is summarized as follows:

[0066]

[0067] in, The pressure inside the furnace after the pressurization or depressurization is completed. This refers to the volume of material inside the furnace after pressurization or depressurization. The initial pressure inside the furnace. This represents the initial volume inside the furnace. The specific heat capacity of the heat transfer oil. For the quality of heat transfer oil, It is the ratio of the work lost during heating or cooling to the total energy increase or decrease of the system. Used to predict the temperature change after the pressure increase or decrease ends.

[0068] The formula for calculating the specific heat capacity of a material is:

[0069]

[0070] Where T is the temperature of the heat transfer oil.

[0071] The temperature-pressure coupling coefficient K, with units of MPa / ℃, is used to represent the effect of a 1℃ change in temperature on the measured pressure value. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0072]

[0073] in, This refers to the change in pressure after the pressurization or depressurization process has ended. This refers to the temperature change after pressurization or depressurization.

[0074] The formula for calculating the temperature deviation after the pressurization or depressurization is:

[0075]

[0076] in, The temperature after the pressure increase or decrease is completed. The initial temperature. This refers to the temperature change after pressurization or depressurization.

[0077] Combining formulas (9), (10), (11), and (12), the compensated pressure value is:

[0078]

[0079] in, This refers to the pressure inside the container after the pressurization or depressurization process is completed. The temperature deviation after the pressurization or depressurization ends is represented by K, which is the temperature-pressure coupling coefficient.

[0080] It is important to note that The coefficients and K-coefficient need to be calibrated and obtained when the thermostatic pressure equipment is unloaded (i.e., when no material is placed in the container), and recalibration and recalculation are required every time the equipment is changed or the heat transfer oil is changed. Coefficient and K coefficient.

[0081] The compensated parameters can improve the precision of processing control and also enable predictive protection against "hidden" over-temperature and over-pressure, thereby improving safety performance.

[0082] Temperature-pressure compensation algorithm two:

[0083] Given experimental data satisfying ax + by = m, where x (pressure), y (temperature), and m (process parameters) are vectors, we establish a temperature-pressure relationship model and use the least squares method to fit the data to solve for the coefficients a and b. The established objective function is as follows:

[0084]

[0085] Where J(a,b) is the loss function, representing the sum of squared errors between the predicted and actual values.

[0086] The relational model can be simplified to By constructing the design matrix X and the target vector M, we can obtain the following:

[0087]

[0088] Then, the coefficient solution can be obtained as follows:

[0089]

[0090] Combining the above solution methods, at least 10 sets of temperature and pressure data should be collected under stable operating conditions. , , Then calculate the matrix. and :

[0091]

[0092] Thus, it is known and Therefore, it is possible to calculate .

[0093] In actual processing, the specific steps of the real-time compensation stage are as follows:

[0094] Collect real-time pressure and temperature

[0095] Calculate theoretical values

[0096] Calculation error

[0097] like

[0098] Temperature-pressure compensation algorithm three:

[0099] The HHL algorithm utilizes quantum properties to solve systems of linear equations. The problem of solving a system of linear equations can be summarized as follows: given an N×N invertible matrix A and an N×1 vector b, how to find an N×1 vector x that satisfies the following equation:

[0100]

[0101] Here, A is the system matrix constructed from the collected temperature-pressure data. This algorithm requires matrix A to be a sparse Hermitian matrix. If A does not satisfy the Hermitian condition, then A is constructed into a Hermitian matrix, as follows:

[0102]

[0103] x is the compensation coefficient vector to be solved, and b is the observed temperature-pressure deviation vector.

[0104] By solving the inverse of the matrix Get x= b.

[0105] Since all the eigenvectors of the Hermitian matrix A form an orthonormal basis in Hilbert space, we can obtain the following using quantum properties:

[0106]

[0107] The HHL algorithm mainly consists of three steps: phase estimation, controlled rotation, and inverse phase estimation, requiring three registers. (where n = logN), the first register is an auxiliary qubit, the second register is used to temporarily store the eigenvalue, and the third register is used to store the vector b. The specific steps of the algorithm are as follows:

[0108] The third register is prepared using a unitary transform. The initial state Evolving into a quantum state ,Right now

[0109]

[0110] Using quantum phase estimation on the second and third registers, we can obtain

[0111]

[0112] by As a control bit, use f( By rotating the auxiliary qubit and storing the eigenvalues ​​in the amplitude, we can obtain...

[0113]

[0114] Unwinding operation: Performing inverse phase estimation to untangle the second register from the other two registers yields the following result.

[0115]

[0116] If the measurement of the first register yields a result of 1, then the quantum state is obtained.

[0117]

[0118] Temperature stratification and appropriate placement of temperature sensors

[0119] During the heating process of the graphitization furnace, the pressure inside the furnace increases when the temperature rises and decreases when heating stops. When the pressure drops, the heat from the bottom and middle of the furnace spreads upward, resulting in a smaller temperature difference in the upper part of the container cavity than in the lower part. Therefore, the nine temperature sensors should be arranged in three layers: top, middle, and bottom.

[0120] Similarly, since the temperature inside the furnace diffuses faster when heating stops, according to the kinetic energy theorem:

[0121]

[0122] Then we have:

[0123]

[0124] in, For the pressure inside the furnace, For thermal diffusion rate, For the pressure at the top of the furnace, The heat diffusion rate at the top of the furnace, due to Larger, therefore higher pressure This means that the pressure inside the furnace is higher. Therefore, the three pressure sensors should be placed far away from the top of the furnace to reduce measurement errors.

[0125] like Figure 5 As shown, the HHL algorithm mainly consists of three steps: phase estimation, controlled rotation, and inverse phase estimation. It requires three registers: the first register is an auxiliary qubit, the second register temporarily stores eigenvalues, and the third register stores the vector b. The HHL algorithm uses quantum properties to solve the linear equation system Ax=b, where A is the system matrix constructed from the collected temperature-pressure data, x is the compensation coefficient vector to be solved, and b is the observed temperature-pressure deviation vector. x=A⁻¹b is obtained by solving the inverse of the matrix. This algorithm is suitable for fast compensation coefficient calculation in large-scale data scenarios.

[0126] This invention also includes a fail-safe mechanism. In the event of any system or power supply failure, the existing normal control system will stop the heater and pressurizer, and trigger an alarm. Sensor data is simultaneously transmitted to the main PLC system and two independent PLC safety limiting systems. Each PLC system performs its own sensor average value calculation and temperature-pressure compensation. During normal operation, the main PLC system performs the normal functions of the graphitization safety production management system. If any abnormal sensor data is detected, the fail-safe mechanism is triggered and an alarm is triggered.

[0127] Three independent PLC systems continuously monitor their respective system's heartbeat signals and determine faults based on the following conditions: First, if no heartbeat signal is received within a predetermined time; second, the heartbeat data packet CRC check fails; third, the PLC system actively reports an internal hardware error. If any of these conditions exist, the PLC system is considered faulty, and the normally functioning PLC system takes over control. The HMI system displays an anomaly and issues an alarm. If all three independent PLC systems fail simultaneously, the highest level of safety is triggered. In the hard mechanical safety system, due to the lack of PLC control signals, the safety relay contacts open, disconnecting the heating system and triggering an alarm via mechanical interlock.

[0128] When the main power supply fails, the dual power transfer switch automatically switches to the backup power supply to power the system. The dual power transfer switch controller simultaneously sends alarm signals to the main PLC system and the two independent PLC safety limiting systems. The main PLC system executes the fail-safe mechanism, shutting down in an orderly manner and triggering an alarm. If the main PLC system fails at this time, the two independent PLC safety limiting systems take over control and continue to execute the fail-safe mechanism.

[0129] This invention also provides a safety production management system for graphitization, including a main PLC controller, two independent PLC safety limiting systems, redundant sensor modules, a dual power conversion system, a mechanical interlocking system, a hard mechanical safety system, and a temperature-pressure compensation module. The connection relationships and working principles of the above modules are described in the foregoing method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0130] This invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps described above for the graphitization safety production management method.

[0131] It should be noted that the sequence numbers of the above embodiments of the present invention are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0132] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for safe production management in graphitization, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: A three-tiered security architecture is employed to control the graphitization production process. This three-tiered security architecture includes: Process control level: Normal process control of the graphitization process is performed by the main PLC controller, including temperature control and pressure control; Safety Limit Level: Two independent PLC safety limit systems monitor key temperature and pressure parameters respectively. When either parameter exceeds the preset safety protection threshold, an orderly shutdown of the furnace and heating is executed, and an early warning is sent to the main PLC controller. Safety protection level: When both the process control level and the safety limit level fail, a fail-safe mechanism is triggered to perform emergency cooling and emergency depressurization through purely mechanical or hardware wiring circuits; The key temperature and pressure parameters are acquired through redundant sensors, and the acquired values ​​are dynamically corrected using a temperature-pressure compensation algorithm. The temperature-pressure compensation algorithm is based on the coupling relationship between temperature and pressure inside the graphitization furnace.

2. The method for safe production management in graphitization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The redundant sensors are configured as follows: Redundant data acquisition was performed using three pressure sensors and nine temperature sensors. The final parameter values ​​of all key signals were calculated using the arithmetic mean of the measurements from multiple sensors.

3. The method for safe production management in graphitization according to claim 2, characterized in that, The arrangement of the nine temperature sensors is as follows: The graphitization furnace is arranged in three layers along its height: top, middle, and bottom. Each layer is equipped with three temperature sensors. The three pressure sensors are positioned away from the top of the furnace to reduce measurement errors caused by differences in heat diffusion rates.

4. The method for safe production management in graphitization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature-pressure compensation algorithm employs at least one of the following: a compensation algorithm based on the thermodynamic law of conservation of energy, a least squares fitting compensation algorithm based on linear regression, and a compensation algorithm based on HHL quantum computing.

5. The method for safe production management in graphitization according to claim 1, characterized in that, The security protection threshold is set as follows: Based on the maximum normal operating pressure of the equipment, the safety limit pressure is set to 102.5% of the maximum normal operating pressure, and the safety limit pressure is set to 107.5% of the maximum normal operating pressure. Based on the maximum normal operating temperature of the equipment, the safety limit temperature is set to 5°C above the maximum normal operating temperature, and the safety limit temperature is set to 15°C above the maximum normal operating temperature.

6. A safety production management system for graphitization, characterized in that, include: The main PLC controller is used to perform normal process control of the graphitization process; Two independent PLC safety limiting systems, namely a temperature protection PLC system and a pressure protection PLC system, are used to independently monitor key temperature and pressure parameters and take over control when the parameters exceed the safety protection threshold. The redundant sensor module includes multiple pressure sensors and multiple temperature sensors, and the output signals of all sensors are transmitted to the main PLC controller and two independent PLC safety limit systems, respectively. A dual power supply conversion system is used to automatically switch to backup power supply when the main power supply fails; The mechanical interlocking system consists of microswitches installed on movable and detachable parts, used to prevent heating operation when the parts are not in place; The hard mechanical safety system consists of multiple sets of safety relay circuits. When all three independent PLC systems fail or the emergency stop device is triggered, heating is stopped and an alarm is triggered by switching between normally open and normally closed contacts. The temperature-pressure compensation module, integrated into the main PLC controller and / or two independent PLC safety limit systems, is used to dynamically compensate and correct the sensor-acquired values ​​based on the coupling relationship between temperature and pressure.

7. The safety production management system for graphitization according to claim 6, characterized in that, The dual power supply conversion system uses an STS static transfer switch with a switching time of 5~10ms. The STS static transfer switch detects the status of the main power supply and the backup power supply in real time. When the characteristics of the main power supply deviate from the specified limit, it automatically switches the load to the backup power supply and automatically switches back when the main power supply is restored.

8. The safety production management system for graphitization according to claim 6, characterized in that, In the mechanical interlocking system, two sets of microswitches are set at each movable and detachable component for redundant judgment. The microswitches are normally open contact type. When the component moves into position, the microswitches close, and the PLC system receives a feedback signal to allow heating to work. When the component moves out of position, the microswitches open and heating is prohibited.

9. The safety production management system for graphitization according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a fail-safe mechanism module, which is configured as follows: When any sensor data is abnormal, any PLC system fails to receive a heartbeat signal within a predetermined time, the CRC check of the heartbeat data packet fails, or any PLC system actively reports an internal hardware error, the PLC system that is still working normally takes over the control, executes the heating stop operation, and issues an alarm; when three independent PLC systems fail simultaneously, the hard mechanical safety system is triggered, and the heating system is disconnected through the mechanical interlocking of the safety relay contacts.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When executed by a processor, the computer program implements the steps of the method for safe production management of graphitization as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

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