Self-cleaning photovoltaic glass composite coating and preparation method

Abstract

This invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic glass coating materials, and discloses a self-cleaning photovoltaic glass composite coating and its preparation method. The composite coating uses PDMS as an organic continuous matrix and surface-modified silica-encapsulated titanium dioxide particles as an inorganic dispersed phase, with the inorganic dispersed phase uniformly dispersed within the PDMS matrix. The preparation process includes in-situ composite silica / titanium dioxide sol, adding a modifier to form a paste, then mixing, dispersing, and degassing it with a PDMS precursor while hot to obtain a composite slurry, which is then sprayed onto the outer surface of the photovoltaic glass and cured stepwise through a gradient temperature program to form a stable composite coating on the photovoltaic glass. This technical solution simultaneously satisfies the requirements of light transmittance, hydrophobicity, self-cleaning, durability, and excellent light transmittance retention, making it suitable for long-term service in high-humidity, high-salt seawater environments. This invention also provides a non-transitory readable recording medium storing the method program and a system containing the medium, which can call the program and execute the above method through processing circuitry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic glass coating materials technology, and discloses a self-cleaning photovoltaic glass composite coating, method, recording medium and system. Background Technology

[0002] Flexible solar cells have promising applications in fields such as marine exploration and underwater equipment. However, the marine environment is harsh, and salt, microorganisms, and algae in seawater can easily adhere to the surface of the cells, causing dirt and blocking sunlight, which significantly reduces the power generation efficiency of the cells.

[0003] Current solutions to this problem have significant drawbacks: manual cleaning is costly and inconvenient; traditional antifouling coatings often contain harmful substances that can easily pollute the marine environment, and some coatings also have problems such as poor light transmittance and reduced photoelectric conversion efficiency of batteries.

[0004] As a photocatalytic material, it can decompose organic pollutants. However, pure titanium dioxide coatings are brittle and superhydrophilic. The water film formed will affect light transmittance, and the adhesion to flexible substrates is weak. It will also attract dust. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is flexible, chemically stable, and has strong hydrophobicity. Silica can improve the mechanical strength and transparency of the coating. However, due to its strong hydrophobicity, it is difficult to retain water, which will make it difficult for photocatalytic decomposition of organic matter to occur. Conversely, its strong hydrophilicity will form a water film, which will inhibit the self-cleaning property of water droplets carrying away dust. Existing technologies cannot prepare a durable coating that simultaneously satisfies light transmittance, hydrophobicity, self-cleaning, and is compatible with flexible batteries.

[0005] In addition, existing surface protection solutions mostly focus on conventional atmospheric or outdoor environments, and do not fully take into account the long-term service requirements of extreme underwater conditions such as high humidity and high salt. In underwater photovoltaic applications, coatings have limitations in terms of environmental durability, light transmittance retention, or process feasibility. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a self-cleaning photovoltaic glass composite coating, comprising PDMS as an organic continuous matrix and surface-modified silica-coated titanium dioxide particles as an inorganic dispersed phase, wherein the inorganic dispersed phase is uniformly dispersed in the PDMS matrix; the surface modification is achieved by adding a modifier and deionized water to the surface of the silica-coated titanium dioxide particles to perform a dehydration condensation reaction, thereby removing most of the hydroxyl groups on the particle surface.

[0007] Preferably, the modifier is a hydrophobic alkylsilane.

[0008] Preferably, the hydrophobic alkylsilane is selected from one or more of octadecyltrimethoxysilane, perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane, and dimethyldimethoxysilane.

[0009] Preferably, the hydrophobic alkylsilane is perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane.

[0010] This invention also provides a method for preparing a self-cleaning photovoltaic glass composite coating, comprising the following steps: S1. Using dispersed titanium dioxide as the core, silica / titanium dioxide sol is composited in situ on its surface; S2. Add hydrophobic alkylsilane and deionized water to silica / titanium dioxide sol, stir and reflux at 70-80℃ for 6-8 hours to carry out surface hydroxyl grafting and blocking reaction, thereby achieving silica / titanium dioxide sol modification; S3. Connect the modified reaction system to a rotary evaporator and evaporate it under a 60°C water bath to remove most of the ethanol, water and reaction byproducts, and obtain a semi-solid modified silica / titanium dioxide paste. S4. While still hot, mix the semi-solid modified silica / titanium dioxide paste with Sylgard 184 Part A by mechanical stirring at 500 rpm and ultrasonic treatment in pulse mode in an ice-water bath for ten minutes to fully mix and disperse; then add Sylgard 184 Part B and continue mechanical stirring at 500 rpm until homogeneous, to generate a composite slurry with PDMS as the organic continuous matrix and modified silica particles and modified titanium dioxide particles as the inorganic dispersed phases, with the inorganic dispersed phases uniformly dispersed in the PDMS matrix; Sylgard 184 Part A is the PDMS silicone rubber matrix, and Sylgard 184 Part B is the PDMS silicone rubber curing agent.

[0011] S5. The composite slurry is vacuum degassed for 1 hour, then sprayed onto the outer surface of the photovoltaic glass, and cured stepwise through a gradient temperature program to complete the preparation of the self-cleaning photovoltaic glass composite coating.

[0012] Preferably, the in-situ composite silica / titanium dioxide sol process includes the following steps: dissolving tetraethyl orthosilicate in anhydrous ethanol, synthesizing silica microsphere sol under alkaline conditions of ammonia water (pH 7-8), and obtaining silica sol after removing ammonia; using a tetraisopropyl titanate solution dissolved in anhydrous ethanol as a titanium-containing raw material, slowly adding silica sol dropwise at 25-30℃ and 500 rpm while stirring for 20-40 minutes, and continuing stirring for 3-6 hours after the addition is complete to obtain a uniform silica / titanium dioxide sol without precipitation.

[0013] Preferably, the hydrophobic alkylsilane is selected from one or more of octadecyltrimethoxysilane, octyltriethoxysilane, and dimethyldimethoxysilane.

[0014] Preferably, the hydrophobic alkylsilane is octyltriethoxysilane.

[0015] Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a non-transient readable recording medium for storing one or more programs containing multiple instructions, which, when executed, cause the processing circuit to perform the above-described method for preparing a self-cleaning photovoltaic glass composite coating.

[0016] Another aspect of the present invention provides a system for preparing a self-cleaning photovoltaic glass composite coating, including a processing circuit and a memory electrically coupled thereto. The memory is configured to store at least one program, the program containing multiple instructions. The processing circuit runs the program and can execute the above-described method for preparing a self-cleaning photovoltaic glass composite coating.

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, the self-cleaning photovoltaic glass composite coating preparation method, recording medium, and system provided by this invention have the following beneficial effects: (1) SiO2 / TiO2 composite sol was prepared by in-situ synthesis technology to avoid the introduction of powder agglomeration into light scattering centers and ensure high initial transmittance of the coating; (2) The composite particles are modified with silane coupling agents, which not only imparts hydrophobicity but also achieves chemical bonding and anchoring with PDMS, while retaining the photocatalytic activity of TiO2. (3) The concept of “functional concentrated masterbatch” is innovatively introduced. High solid content paste is prepared by rotary evaporation to solve the compatibility problem with PDMS and ensure the uniform distribution of functional particles; (4) By using mechanical stirring and ultrasonic synergistic dispersion, the functional particles are dispersed at the nanoscale in PDMS to form a "particle-embedded elastomer" structure, thereby improving the mechanical properties and flexibility compatibility of the coating. The design employs a stepped thermosetting process to release internal stress in the coating, promote dense bonding at the interface, prevent microcracks, warping, or peeling, and improve durability in underwater environments. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the underwater application scenario of the self-cleaning coating in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the contact angle variation during a tape peeling cycle test in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the contact angle variation during a friction cycle test in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a graph showing the change in light transmittance of the coating before and after the bending test in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without innovative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] The following examples cover a self-cleaning photovoltaic glass composite coating and its preparation method.

[0021] The self-cleaning photovoltaic glass composite coating comprises PDMS as an organic continuous matrix and surface-modified silica-coated titanium dioxide particles as an inorganic dispersed phase, with the inorganic dispersed phase uniformly dispersed in the PDMS matrix. Surface modification is achieved by adding a modifier and deionized water to the surface of the silica-coated titanium dioxide particles, undergoing a dehydration condensation reaction to remove most of the hydroxyl groups from the particle surface. The preparation process includes the following steps: Step 1: Preparation of SiO2 / TiO2 composite sol Using 8-10 mL of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the silicon source, dissolved in 90 mL of anhydrous ethanol, SiO2 microsphere sol was synthesized under alkaline conditions (pH 7-8) created by 3.65 mL of 25% ammonia solution. After removing the ammonia, silica sol was obtained. A 1.01 mL solution of tetraisopropyl titanate dissolved in 10 mL of anhydrous ethanol was used as the titanium-containing raw material. The silica sol was slowly added dropwise at 25-30℃ and 500 rpm, and stirred for 20-40 minutes. After the addition was complete, stirring continued for 3-6 hours to obtain a uniform, precipitate-free SiO2 / TiO2 composite sol. This means that titanium dioxide was synthesized in situ on the silica sol, thus avoiding powder agglomeration and achieving a more uniform dispersion.

[0022] Step 2: Surface Modification Add 0.2g of perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane and 0.1mL of deionized water to the above composite sol, connect a round-bottom flask to a condenser, and stir and reflux at 70-80℃ for 6-8 hours to carry out the surface hydroxyl grafting and blocking reaction, thereby achieving the modification of silica / titanium dioxide sol and realizing the hydrophobicity of composite particles.

[0023] Step 3: Preparation of functional concentrated paste Connect the modified reaction system to a rotary evaporator and evaporate it in a 60°C water bath to remove most of the ethanol, water and reaction byproducts. Stop evaporating when the material becomes viscous and forms a semi-solid SiO2 / TiO2 paste (5-10g remaining). Do not evaporate it to dryness.

[0024] Step 4: Precision lamination with PDMS Take 20.5 g of Sylgard 184 Part A into a beaker, and transfer the concentrated paste from step three into it while it is still hot. Mix and disperse it thoroughly by mechanical stirring at 500 rpm and ultrasonic treatment in pulse mode under ice-water bath for ten minutes. Then add 1.05 g of Sylgard 184 Part B and continue mechanical stirring at 500 rpm until homogeneous to generate a composite slurry with PDMS as the organic continuous matrix and modified silica particles and modified titanium dioxide particles as the inorganic dispersed phases, with the inorganic dispersed phases uniformly dispersed in the PDMS matrix.

[0025] Step 5: Coating and Stepped Curing The mixture was degassed at room temperature under a vacuum of -0.1 MPa for 1 hour, and then coated onto a clean photovoltaic glass surface using a spraying method. It was then cured in stages using a gradient temperature program: 40℃ for 1 hour → 60℃ for 1 hour → 80℃ for 4 hours, ultimately forming a transparent and robust functional integrated coating.

[0026] Compiling the above methods and steps into a program and storing it on a hard disk or other non-transitory storage medium constitutes an embodiment of the "non-transitory readable recording medium" of the present invention; while electrically connecting the storage medium to a computer processor and completing the preparation of a self-cleaning photovoltaic glass composite coating through data processing constitutes an embodiment of the "preparation system for a self-cleaning photovoltaic glass composite coating" of the present invention.

[0027] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computers or available storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0028] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0029] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0030] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0031] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-cleaning photovoltaic glass composite coating, characterized in that, The method includes using PDMS as an organic continuous matrix and surface-modified silica-coated titanium dioxide particles as an inorganic dispersed phase, with the inorganic dispersed phase uniformly dispersed in the PDMS matrix; the surface modification is achieved by adding a modifier and deionized water to the surface of the silica-coated titanium dioxide particles to carry out a dehydration condensation reaction, thereby removing most of the hydroxyl groups on the particle surface.

2. The self-cleaning composite coating for photovoltaic glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The modifier is a hydrophobic alkylsilane.

3. The self-cleaning composite coating for photovoltaic glass according to claim 2, characterized in that, The hydrophobic alkylsilane is selected from one or more of octadecyltrimethoxysilane, perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane, and dimethyldimethoxysilane.

4. The self-cleaning composite coating for photovoltaic glass according to claim 3, characterized in that, The hydrophobic alkylsilane is perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane.

5. A method for preparing a self-cleaning photovoltaic glass composite coating, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Using dispersed titanium dioxide as the core, silica / titanium dioxide sol is composited in situ on its surface; S2. Add hydrophobic alkylsilane and deionized water to silica / titanium dioxide sol, stir and reflux at 70-80℃ for 6-8 hours to carry out surface hydroxyl grafting and blocking reaction, thereby achieving silica / titanium dioxide sol modification; S3. Connect the modified reaction system to a rotary evaporator and evaporate it under a 60°C water bath to remove most of the ethanol, water and reaction byproducts, and obtain a semi-solid modified silica / titanium dioxide paste. S4. While still hot, mix the semi-solid modified silica / titanium dioxide paste with Sylgard 184 Part A by mechanical stirring at 500 rpm and ultrasonic treatment in pulse mode in an ice-water bath for ten minutes to fully mix and disperse; then add Sylgard 184 Part B and continue mechanical stirring at 500 rpm until homogeneous, to generate a composite slurry with PDMS as the organic continuous matrix and modified silica particles and modified titanium dioxide particles as the inorganic dispersed phases, with the inorganic dispersed phases uniformly dispersed in the PDMS matrix; S5. The composite slurry is vacuum degassed for 1 hour, then sprayed onto the outer surface of the photovoltaic glass, and cured stepwise through a gradient temperature program to complete the preparation of the self-cleaning photovoltaic glass composite coating.

6. The method for preparing the self-cleaning photovoltaic glass composite coating according to claim 5, characterized in that, The in-situ composite silica / titanium dioxide sol process includes the following steps: dissolving tetraethyl orthosilicate in anhydrous ethanol, synthesizing silica microsphere sol under alkaline conditions of ammonia water (pH 7-8), and obtaining silica sol after removing ammonia; using a tetraisopropyl titanate solution dissolved in anhydrous ethanol as a titanium-containing raw material, slowly adding silica sol dropwise at 25-30℃ and 500 rpm while stirring for 20-40 minutes, and continuing stirring for 3-6 hours after the addition is complete to obtain a uniform silica / titanium dioxide sol without precipitation.

7. The method for preparing the self-cleaning photovoltaic glass composite coating according to claim 6, characterized in that, The hydrophobic alkylsilane is selected from one or more of octadecyltrimethoxysilane, octyltriethoxysilane, and dimethyldimethoxysilane.

8. The method for preparing the self-cleaning photovoltaic glass composite coating according to claim 7, characterized in that, The hydrophobic alkylsilane is octyltriethoxysilane.

9. A non-transitory readable recording medium for storing one or more programs containing multiple instructions, characterized in that, When the instruction is executed, the processing circuit will perform the preparation method of the self-cleaning photovoltaic glass composite coating according to any one of claims 5-8.

10. A system for preparing a self-cleaning photovoltaic glass composite coating, comprising a processing circuit and a memory electrically coupled thereto, characterized in that, The memory is configured to store at least one program, the program containing multiple instructions, and the processing circuit runs the program to perform a method for preparing a self-cleaning photovoltaic glass composite coating as described in any one of claims 5-8.

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