A composite ecological remediation agent, a preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a composite ecological restoration agent and a preparation method and application thereof, relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, and comprises a basic matrix agent, a water and heat preserving agent, a stabilizer, a microbial agent, a promoter, an enhancer, a glue agent, and plant seeds, wherein the basic matrix agent is 40-60 parts; the water and heat preserving agent is 15-25 parts; the stabilizer is 10-20 parts; the microbial agent is 5-10 parts; the promoter is 3-8 parts; the enhancer is 5-15 parts; the glue agent is 5-30 parts; and the plant seeds are 5-10 parts. The basic matrix agent provides fertility and structural support and rapidly rebuilds the ecological base of soil. The water and heat preserving agent can synergistically regulate water and temperature, reduces dry cracking, freezing and thawing, and runoff erosion. The stabilizer significantly improves the cohesion and shear strength of soil through cementation and film forming. The enhancer forms a three-dimensional reinforced network, anchors soil particles, and enhances the overall anti-seismic and anti-sliding capacity. Meanwhile, the microbial agent and the promoter activate the biological function of soil, accelerate vegetation recovery, and form a double protection system. The components are optimized in the ratio, which guarantees physical stability, promotes ecological succession, and realizes rapid and sustainable restoration of fragile areas after an earthquake.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological restoration technology, and in particular to a composite ecological restoration agent, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] High-altitude earthquake zones are characterized by fragile ecosystems, infertile soil, and difficulties in vegetation restoration. These areas typically face complex environmental challenges such as low temperatures, oxygen deficiency, strong ultraviolet radiation, large diurnal temperature variations, and soil loosening and landslides caused by earthquakes. Traditional ecological restoration materials often struggle to function effectively under these extreme conditions.

[0003] Ecological restoration in high-altitude earthquake zones requires materials with the following characteristics: (1) excellent water and heat retention properties to cope with drought and low temperatures; (2) good erosion resistance to prevent wind and rain erosion; (3) enhanced soil stability to prevent landslides and debris flows caused by earthquakes; (4) promotion of microbial growth and plant root development; and (5) environmental friendliness and biodegradability. Existing technologies cannot meet these requirements simultaneously.

[0004] Currently, an ecological restoration material suitable for high-altitude areas has been disclosed, which can be produced on-site in high-altitude areas to reduce transportation costs. However, its seismic performance and soil stabilization capacity are limited. Alternatively, although the vegetation pack can provide good heat preservation and water retention, it does not take into account the anti-erosion and anti-landslide performance under earthquake conditions. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of ecological restoration substrate that is specifically suitable for the special environment of high-altitude strong earthquake zones to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to propose a composite ecological restoration agent, its preparation method, and its application, aiming to solve the problems of poor erosion resistance, landslide resistance, seismic performance, and soil stability under earthquake conditions in the existing technology.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this invention proposes a composite ecological restoration agent, which comprises: a base matrix agent (40-60 parts); a water-retaining and heat-insulating agent (15-25 parts); a stabilizer (10-20 parts); a microbial agent (5-10 parts); a promoter (3-8 parts); a reinforcing agent (5-15 parts); an adhesive (5-30 parts); and plant seeds (5-10 parts).

[0007] In one embodiment, the base substrate agent comprises at least two of yak manure, topsoil, humus, and EM fermentation agent; and / or, The water-retaining and heat-insulating agent includes at least one of polyacrylamide water-retaining agent, polystyrene foam particles, and bentonite; and / or, The stabilizer includes hemihydrate phosphogypsum, methylcellulose, and sodium lignosulfonate; and / or, The microbial inoculant includes nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and Pseudomonas spp.; and / or, The promoter includes bio-humic acid fertilizer, slow-release compound fertilizer, and wood vinegar; and / or, The reinforcing agent includes wood fiber, plant straw, and waste textile fiber; and / or, The plant seeds include at least one of tall fescue seeds, ryegrass seeds, crested wheatgrass seeds, and alfalfa seeds; and / or, The adhesive includes an aqueous solution of sodium alginate.

[0008] In one embodiment, the base substrate agent comprises yak dung and topsoil, wherein the mass ratio of the yak dung to the topsoil is (1~2):1; and / or, The water-retaining and heat-insulating agent comprises polyacrylamide water-retaining agent, polystyrene foam particles, and bentonite, wherein the mass ratio of the polyacrylamide water-retaining agent, the polystyrene foam particles, and the bentonite is (2-4):(1-3):(2-5); and / or, The stabilizer comprises hemihydrate phosphogypsum, methylcellulose, and sodium lignosulfonate, wherein the mass ratio of the hemihydrate phosphogypsum, the methylcellulose, and the sodium lignosulfonate is (5-8):(1-2):(1-2); and / or, The microbial agent includes nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and *Pseudomonas* spp., wherein the mass ratio of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria, the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and the *Pseudomonas* spp. is (2-3):(1-2):(1-2); and / or, The accelerator comprises bio-humic acid fertilizer, slow-release compound fertilizer, and wood vinegar, wherein the mass ratio of the bio-humic acid fertilizer, the slow-release compound fertilizer, and the wood vinegar is (3-5):(1-3):(1-2); and / or, The reinforcing agent includes wood fiber, plant straw and waste textile fiber, and the mass ratio of the wood fiber, the plant straw and the waste textile fiber is (2-4):(1-3):(1-2).

[0009] This invention also provides a method for preparing a composite ecological restoration agent, the method comprising the following steps: S1. The base matrix agent, water-retaining and heat-insulating agent, stabilizer, microbial agent, accelerator and reinforcing agent are pretreated respectively to obtain pretreated base matrix agent, pretreated water-retaining and heat-insulating agent, pretreated stabilizer, pretreated microbial agent, pretreated accelerator and pretreated reinforcing agent; S2. Mix the pretreated base matrix agent, the pretreated water-retaining and heat-insulating agent, the pretreated stabilizer, the pretreated microbial agent, the pretreated promoter, and the pretreated enhancer to obtain a mixture, and granulate the mixture to obtain a compound; S3. The pretreated microbial agent is mixed with an adhesive to form a microbial agent slurry. The microbial agent slurry is then coated onto the mixture and dried to obtain the composite ecological restoration agent.

[0010] In one embodiment, step S2, prior to granulation of the mixture, includes: mixing the mixture with water and adjusting the humidity to 30-40%; and / or, The particle size of the mixture is 3-8 mm.

[0011] In one embodiment, in step S3, the drying temperature is 30~50°C; and / or, The moisture content of the dried composite ecological restoration agent is less than 15%.

[0012] This invention provides an application of a composite ecological restoration agent, the application steps of which include: Provide the composite ecological restoration agent as described in any of the above, or mix the composite ecological restoration agent with the area to be restored as described above, to restore the area to be restored.

[0013] In one embodiment, the amount of the composite ecological restoration agent applied per unit area of ​​the area to be restored is 30-100 kg / m²; and / or, The thickness of the composite ecological restoration agent is 3-8 cm.

[0014] In one embodiment, the composite ecological restoration agent may be in the form of tablets, liquids, or granules.

[0015] In this invention, a basic matrix agent provides fertility and structural support, rapidly rebuilding the soil's ecological base. A water-retaining and heat-insulating agent synergistically regulates moisture and temperature, reducing cracking, freeze-thaw cycles, and runoff erosion. A stabilizer significantly enhances soil cohesion and shear strength through cementation and film formation. Containing fiber-reinforcing materials (reinforcing agents) and bonding stabilizing components (stabilizers), it forms a three-dimensional reinforced network and cemented structure in the soil, significantly improving the shear strength and overall stability of the repaired soil. This provides a fundamental guarantee for the excellent anti-erosion effect (soil erosion reduced by more than 90%) and rapid vegetation establishment (coverage exceeding 85%). Simultaneously, microbial agents and promoters activate soil biological functions, accelerating vegetation recovery and forming a dual protection system of "engineering reinforcement + biological self-healing." The proportions of each component are optimized to ensure physical stability and promote ecological succession, thereby achieving rapid, long-term, and sustainable repair of vulnerable areas after earthquakes. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Where specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer shall apply. Where the manufacturers of reagents or instruments are not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially. Furthermore, the meaning of "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel solutions; for example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, or solution B, or a solution where both A and B are satisfied simultaneously. In addition, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] Ecological restoration in high-altitude earthquake zones requires materials with the following characteristics: (1) excellent water and heat retention properties to cope with drought and low temperatures; (2) good erosion resistance to prevent wind and rain erosion; (3) enhanced soil stability to prevent landslides and debris flows caused by earthquakes; (4) promotion of microbial growth and plant root development; and (5) environmental friendliness and biodegradability. Existing technologies cannot meet these requirements simultaneously.

[0018] Currently, an ecological restoration material suitable for high-altitude areas has been disclosed, which can be produced on-site in high-altitude areas to reduce transportation costs. However, its seismic performance and soil stabilization capacity are limited. Alternatively, although the vegetation pack can provide good heat preservation and water retention, it does not take into account the anti-erosion and anti-landslide performance under earthquake conditions. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of ecological restoration substrate that is specifically suitable for the special environment of high-altitude strong earthquake zones to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0019] In view of this, the present invention proposes a composite ecological restoration agent. The main purpose of the present invention is to propose a composite ecological restoration agent, its preparation method and application, aiming to solve the problems of poor erosion resistance, landslide resistance, seismic performance and soil stability under earthquake conditions in the prior art.

[0020] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes a composite ecological restoration agent, which comprises: a basic matrix agent: 40-60 parts; a water-retaining and heat-insulating agent: 15-25 parts; a stabilizer: 10-20 parts; a microbial agent: 5-10 parts; a promoter: 3-8 parts; a reinforcing agent: 5-15 parts; and plant seeds: 5-10 parts.

[0021] In this invention, a basic matrix agent provides fertility and structural support, rapidly rebuilding the soil's ecological base. A water-retaining and heat-insulating agent synergistically regulates moisture and temperature, reducing cracking, freeze-thaw cycles, and runoff erosion. A stabilizer significantly enhances soil cohesion and shear strength through cementation and film formation. A reinforcing agent forms a three-dimensional reinforced network, anchoring soil particles and enhancing overall earthquake and landslide resistance. Simultaneously, microbial agents and promoters activate soil biological functions, accelerating vegetation recovery and forming a dual protection system of "engineering reinforcement + biological self-healing." The proportions of each component are optimized to ensure physical stability while promoting ecological succession, thereby achieving rapid, long-term, and sustainable restoration of vulnerable areas after earthquakes.

[0022] In some embodiments, the base substrate agent includes at least two of yak manure, topsoil, humus, and EM fermentation agent. Yak manure is rich in organic matter and microbial nutrients, while topsoil retains the original soil structure and seed bank. The two work together to quickly rebuild soil fertility and microecology, providing physical support and nutrient basis for plant germination and root growth, significantly increasing vegetation coverage, and enhancing the surface's resistance to erosion.

[0023] In some embodiments, the water-retaining and heat-insulating agent includes at least one of polyacrylamide water-retaining agent, polystyrene foam particles, and bentonite; polyacrylamide (PAM) absorbs water and forms a gel, reducing soil erosion; polystyrene foam particles form a heat insulation layer to buffer the temperature difference between day and night, while bentonite expands when it comes into contact with water, sealing soil pores and inhibiting deep seepage. The above components are used to maintain soil moisture and temperature stability under drought or freeze-thaw cycle conditions, preventing post-earthquake slope cracking, frost heave, and slippage.

[0024] In some embodiments, the stabilizer comprises hemihydrate phosphogypsum, methylcellulose, and sodium lignosulfonate. It is understood that hemihydrate phosphogypsum hydrates to form dihydrate gypsum crystals, which cement soil particles; methylcellulose forms a polymer network, enhancing aggregate strength; and sodium lignosulfonate has both binding and dispersing effects, improving soil structure. Using the above components can significantly improve soil shear strength and cohesion, effectively suppressing the sliding and collapse of loose soil after earthquakes.

[0025] In some embodiments, the microbial agent includes nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and Pseudomonas spp. The nitrogen-fixing bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen, the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria activate insoluble phosphorus, and the Pseudomonas spp. promote plant stress resistance and organic matter degradation. The use of multi-species synergistic construction of functional microbial communities can accelerate nutrient cycling in barren and earthquake-damaged soils and promote the establishment of pioneer plants.

[0026] In some embodiments, the promoter includes bio-humic acid fertilizer, slow-release compound fertilizer, and wood vinegar; wherein, humic acid improves the physical and chemical properties of the soil, slow-release compound fertilizer provides long-lasting nutrition, and wood vinegar contains organic acids and phenolic substances, which stimulate root development and inhibit bacteria, shorten the vegetation recovery cycle, enhance plant stress resistance, and form a stable vegetation cover layer.

[0027] In some embodiments, the reinforcing agent includes wood fiber, plant straw and waste textile fiber. The natural and recycled fibers are interwoven into a three-dimensional mesh skeleton to anchor soil particles, which can significantly improve the tensile and shear strength of the repair layer and effectively resist soil displacement and surface erosion caused by earthquake vibration.

[0028] In some embodiments, the plant seeds include at least one of tall fescue seeds, ryegrass seeds, crested wheatgrass seeds, and alfalfa seeds. Using the above-mentioned plant seeds, a three-dimensional reinforced network and cemented structure can be formed in the soil with the adhesive, which significantly improves the shear strength and overall stability of the remediated soil.

[0029] In some embodiments, the adhesive comprises an aqueous solution of sodium alginate, which serves as a microbial coating carrier to achieve sustained-release protection.

[0030] In some embodiments, the base substrate agent comprises yak manure and topsoil, wherein the mass ratio of yak manure to topsoil is (1~2):1; in the above components, excessive manure leading to salinization or seedling burn is avoided, while ensuring sufficient nutrient supply. This constructs a highly active and structurally stable soil substrate, significantly promoting the germination and root development of pioneer plants, accelerating surface cover, and reducing rainwater erosion and wind erosion.

[0031] In some embodiments, the water-retaining and heat-insulating agent includes polyacrylamide water-retaining agent, polystyrene foam particles, and bentonite. The mass ratio of the polyacrylamide water-retaining agent, the polystyrene foam particles, and the bentonite is (2-4):(1-3):(2-5). Bentonite has the highest proportion in the ratio, which strengthens sealing and bonding; PAM is the second highest, which ensures water absorption capacity; and the foam particles are in an appropriate amount to avoid excessive looseness, prevent post-earthquake slope cracking, frost heave, or mudflow, and improve erosion resistance.

[0032] In some embodiments, the stabilizer includes hemihydrate phosphogypsum, methylcellulose, and sodium lignosulfonate, wherein the mass ratio of the hemihydrate phosphogypsum, the methylcellulose, and the sodium lignosulfonate is (5-8):(1-2):(1-2). In this ratio, hemihydrate phosphogypsum is the main component, providing the primary cementing effect, while the other two components serve as auxiliary toughening and dispersing agents. This significantly improves the shear strength, cohesion, and seismic and anti-sliding properties of the repair layer, effectively suppressing the displacement and collapse of loose soil under seismic disturbance.

[0033] In some embodiments, the microbial agent includes nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and Pseudomonas spp., and the mass ratio of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria, the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and the Pseudomonas spp. is (2-3):(1-2):(1-2). Using the above-mentioned microbial agent can rapidly rebuild functional microbial communities, drive nutrient cycling, shorten the ecological restoration cycle, and achieve a virtuous cycle of "promoting planting with bacteria and consolidating soil with planting".

[0034] In some embodiments, the promoter includes bio-humic acid fertilizer, slow-release compound fertilizer, and wood vinegar, wherein the mass ratio of the bio-humic acid fertilizer, the slow-release compound fertilizer, and the wood vinegar is (3-5):(1-3):(1-2). Within the above ratio range, humic acid is the main component, while also considering both improvement and nutrition. The compound fertilizer and wood vinegar assist in regulation and control, synergistically enhancing plant stress resistance and growth rate, thereby achieving rapid vegetation coverage and forming a long-term ecological barrier.

[0035] In some embodiments, the reinforcing agent comprises wood fiber, plant straw, and waste textile fiber, wherein the mass ratio of the wood fiber, plant straw, and waste textile fiber is (2-4):(1-3):(1-2). This forms a three-dimensional mesh-like reinforced structure, significantly improving the erosion resistance, shear resistance, and seismic resistance of the repair layer, effectively anchoring the surface soil, and preventing landslides and erosion.

[0036] This invention also provides a method for preparing a composite ecological restoration agent, the method comprising the following steps: S1. The base matrix agent, water-retaining and heat-insulating agent, stabilizer, microbial agent, accelerator and reinforcing agent are pretreated respectively to obtain pretreated base matrix agent, pretreated water-retaining and heat-insulating agent, pretreated stabilizer, pretreated microbial agent, pretreated accelerator and pretreated reinforcing agent; S2. Mix the pretreated base matrix agent, the pretreated water-retaining and heat-insulating agent, the pretreated stabilizer, the pretreated accelerator and the pretreated reinforcing agent to obtain a mixture, and granulate the mixture to obtain a compound; S3. The pretreated microbial agent is mixed with an adhesive to form a microbial agent slurry. The microbial agent slurry is then coated onto the mixture and dried to obtain the composite ecological restoration agent.

[0037] In the technical solution of the present invention, step S1 pre-treats each component to ensure uniform particle size, absence of contaminants, and stability of active ingredients. In step S2, the mixture of each component is granulated to form a porous and stable granular matrix, which is more conducive to water penetration, root penetration, and microbial colonization. In step S3, the pre-treated microbial agent is mixed with plant seeds and adhesive for fermentation, so that the composite microbial community can be quickly established and stably survived after being applied to barren soil, forming a virtuous cycle and promoting plant growth.

[0038] It should be noted that, in some embodiments, the pretreatment microbial agent step includes: separately expanding the culture of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and Pseudomonas spp., and then mixing them in a certain proportion to achieve an agent concentration of 10. 9 With a concentration of CFU / g or higher, the nitrogen fixed by nitrogen-fixing bacteria and the phosphorus activated by phosphate-solubilizing bacteria can be utilized by Pseudomonas and plant roots. In turn, plant root exudates and organic matter provide carbon and energy sources for these bacteria. This mutual metabolic support allows the complex microbial community to be quickly established and stably maintained after being applied to infertile soil, forming a virtuous cycle and promoting plant growth.

[0039] Preferably, the mass ratio of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and *Pseudomonas* is (2-3):(1-2):(1-2). Within this range, after the community is applied to the soil, it can quickly initiate a micro-ecological cycle of "nitrogen fixation-phosphorus release-growth promotion," rapidly breaking through the nutrient limitations of post-earthquake barren soil and strongly promoting the establishment of pioneer plants and root development. The vigorous growth of plants, in turn, further nourishes and stabilizes the microbial community by consolidating the soil through the root system and providing organic matter, thus forming a virtuous ecological cycle of "promoting planting with bacteria and consolidating soil with plants." This biological process, combined with the physical reinforcement provided by stabilizers and enhancers, achieves a mechanism for "rapid, long-lasting, and sustainable" ecological restoration.

[0040] In some embodiments, step S2, the steps before granulating the mixture include: mixing the mixture with water, adjusting the humidity to 30-40%, and the particle size of the mixture being 3-8 mm. Within the above humidity range, it is beneficial for particle formation. Controlling the particle size of the mixture within the above range takes into account air permeability, water retention and construction convenience, and is conducive to water penetration, root penetration and microbial colonization.

[0041] In some embodiments, in step S3, the drying temperature is 30~50℃; the moisture content of the dried composite ecological restoration agent is less than 15%, which avoids the high temperature of granulation killing microorganisms, while the adhesive forms a protective film, which plays the role of slow-release bacterial agent, and the low moisture content ensures storage stability.

[0042] This invention provides an application of a composite ecological restoration agent, the application steps of which include: Provide the composite ecological restoration agent as described in any of the above, or mix the composite ecological restoration agent with the area to be restored as described above, to restore the area to be restored.

[0043] In some embodiments, the amount of the composite ecological restoration agent applied per unit area of ​​the area to be restored is 30-100 kg / m²; and / or, The thickness of the composite ecological restoration agent is 3-8 cm.

[0044] Within the aforementioned range, ensuring sufficient functional components per unit area helps maintain moisture, nutrients, and microbial activity, thereby improving repair efficiency.

[0045] In some embodiments, the composite ecological restoration agent is in the form of tablets or liquids. To adapt to different terrains and improve the flexibility of emergency restoration, the composite ecological restoration agent can be applied directly in granular form or mixed into the damaged soil. The granular structure is resistant to rainwater erosion and facilitates mechanized construction. It can also be made into tablets or liquids. Tablets are suitable for fixed-point application on steep slopes, while liquids are suitable for spraying large areas of exposed surfaces.

[0046] The beneficial effects and advantages of this invention are as follows: (1) Multifunctional integration: This invention integrates multiple functions such as water retention and heat preservation, soil stabilization, microbial growth promotion and plant growth promotion, which can effectively cope with the complex environmental challenges of high-altitude strong earthquake zones.

[0047] (2) Excellent seismic stability: Through the synergistic effect of stabilizers and reinforcing agents, the soil’s erosion resistance and seismic stability are significantly improved, effectively preventing landslides and debris flows.

[0048] (3) Good environmental adaptability: Water-retaining and heat-insulating agents can effectively cope with drought and low temperature conditions in high-altitude areas; microbial agents and promoters can promote plant growth and accelerate ecological restoration.

[0049] (4) Environmentally friendly: It mainly uses locally available materials and biodegradable components, and will not cause secondary pollution to the environment.

[0050] (5) Convenient construction: It can be constructed using conventional methods such as topsoil spraying, without the need for special equipment, and is suitable for large-scale application in high-altitude areas.

[0051] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following embodiments are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0052] Unless otherwise specified, the materials, reagents, and instruments used in the following examples and comparative examples are all available through conventional commercial channels. All proportions are by mass.

[0053] 1. Base matrix agent Yak dung: It is collected from the pastoral areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, naturally air-dried until the moisture content is less than 20%, and then crushed through a 10-mesh sieve to remove large impurities.

[0054] Topsoil stripping: The topsoil (0-20cm) of the undisturbed natural grassland surrounding the project area is taken, air-dried, crushed and sieved through a 2mm sieve for later use.

[0055] The steps for obtaining humus are as follows: S1. Pretreatment: Immerse the biomass raw material (a mixture of wood chips and leaves) in deionized water, with the water covering the waste by 2 cm or more. Rinse 1-3 times until the solution is clear. Dry at 80-120℃ for 3-5 hours, then crush and pass through a 60-200 mesh sieve to obtain biomass powder.

[0056] S2. Pre-reaction: Biomass powder and iron powder are mixed in a weight ratio of 50:1 and reacted in an ultrasonic cleaner for 2 hours at a reaction frequency of 20kHz, a reaction power of 60W, and a reaction temperature of 25℃.

[0057] S3. Hydrothermal humification reaction: The hydrothermal pre-reaction solution and sodium hydroxide are mixed evenly by ultrasonication at a weight ratio of 5:1 (biomass powder: sodium hydroxide) (frequency 20kHz, power 60W, time 0.5h). The hydrothermal humification reaction is carried out in a reactor at temperatures of 160, 180, 200 and 220℃ for 2h to obtain a humic solution.

[0058] S4. Humus Recovery: The humus-containing solution after the hydrothermal humification reaction is subjected to solid-liquid separation. The separated solid is placed in an oven and dried at 80°C to obtain solid humus (RS). The pH of the separated liquid is adjusted to 1-2 with 1 mol / L dilute sulfuric acid. After centrifugation, the solid is collected, washed, and dried to obtain humus.

[0059] 2. Water-retaining and heat-insulating agent Polyacrylamide (PAM) water-retaining agent: industrial grade, anionic, molecular weight 8-15 million, particle size 80-100 mesh.

[0060] Polystyrene foam granules: obtained by recycling and crushing waste packaging materials, with a particle size range of 2-5mm and an apparent density of 15-20kg / m³.

[0061] Bentonite: Sodium-based bentonite, montmorillonite content ≥85%, 200-mesh sieve passing rate ≥95%.

[0062] 3. Stabilizer Hemihydrate phosphogypsum: a chemical byproduct, the main component of which is CaSO4·0.5H2O, with a purity of ≥90%, and is used after drying at 120℃.

[0063] Methylcellulose (MC): chemically pure, viscosity 4000 mPa·s (2% aqueous solution, 20℃).

[0064] Sodium lignosulfonate: a byproduct of the papermaking industry, with a lignin content ≥55%, in powder form.

[0065] 4. Microbial inoculants Nitrogen-fixing bacteria: The strain was *Azotobacter chroococcum*, purchased from Shanghai Preservation Microbiology Co., Ltd. (SHMCC), product number SMHCC D73201. It was activated and propagated on nitrogen-free medium before use.

[0066] Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria: The strain was *Pseudomonas fluorescens*, which has phosphate-solubilizing function. It was purchased from Beijing Huayan Microbial Culture Research Center (HYCC), catalog number HYCC54316. It was activated and propagated on Monkina organic phosphorus medium before use.

[0067] Pseudomonas (growth-promoting bacteria): The strain was *Pseudomonas putida*, purchased from HYCC, catalog number HYCC54720. It was activated and propagated on LB medium before use.

[0068] EM (Effective Microorganisms) fermentation agent: purchased from Weifang Yihao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., mainly containing a complex microbial community including photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and yeast, with an effective viable count ≥ 2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g.

[0069] 5. Accelerators Biological humic acid fertilizer: humic acid content ≥50%, powder.

[0070] Slow-release compound fertilizer: N-P2O5-K2O content is 15-15-15, coated type, particle size 2-4mm.

[0071] Wood vinegar: obtained by dry distillation of bamboo, pH 2.5-3.5, organic acid content ≥8%.

[0072] 6. Reinforcing agent Wood fiber: Pine mechanical pulp fiber, 1-3mm in length.

[0073] Plant straw: Wheat straw, crushed to a length of 1-5cm.

[0074] Waste textile fibers: recycled and crushed fibers from cotton textiles, with a length of 2-10mm.

[0075] 7. Other additives and materials Adhesive: 2% sodium alginate (SA) aqueous solution, as a biodegradable coating material.

[0076] Plant seeds: Tall fescue seeds: purity ≥98%, germination rate ≥85%; Ryegrass seeds: purity ≥98%, germination rate ≥90%; Leymus chinensis seeds: purity ≥95%, germination rate ≥80%; Alfalfa seeds: purity ≥99%, germination rate ≥90%.

[0077] 8. Major Instruments and Equipment Incubator, shaker, autoclave; Electronic balance, pH meter, moisture analyzer; Crusher, granulator (adjustable aperture), fluidized bed coating machine (or simple spray coating device); Constant temperature drying oven; Artificial rainfall simulation device, soil shearing device, digital camera (for vegetation cover analysis). Example

[0078] A composite ecological restoration agent, the composite ecological restoration agent comprising 50 parts of basic substrate agent (26 parts yak dung, 15 parts topsoil, 6 parts humus; 3 parts EM fermentation agent); 20 parts of water-retaining and heat-insulating agent (8 parts of polyacrylamide water-retaining agent, 4 parts of polystyrene foam particles, and 8 parts of bentonite). Stabilizer 15 parts (10 parts hemihydrate phosphogypsum, 3 parts methylcellulose, 2 parts sodium lignosulfonate). Eight microbial inoculants (three nitrogen-fixing bacteria, two phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and three Pseudomonas spp.). Accelerator 6 parts (3 parts bio-humic acid fertilizer, 2 parts slow-release compound fertilizer, 1 part wood vinegar). 10 parts reinforcing agent (4 parts wood fiber, 3 parts plant straw, 3 parts waste textile fiber). 8 parts adhesive (8 parts 2% sodium alginate (SA) aqueous solution); Eight portions of plant seeds (two portions of tall fescue seeds, one portion of ryegrass seeds, two portions of crested wheatgrass seeds, and three portions of alfalfa seeds).

[0079] The composite ecological restoration agent is prepared through the following steps: Step S1: Mix yak dung and stripped topsoil, adjust the moisture content to 25%, add 3 parts of EM bacteria fermentation agent, and ferment at 50℃ for 18 days to obtain a decomposed basic substrate. Step S2: Mix polyacrylamide water-retaining agent, polystyrene foam particles and bentonite, add 1.5 times the weight of water, and stir to form a gel-like substance; Step S3: Heat-treat the hemihydrate phosphogypsum at 135°C for 1.5 hours, then mix it with methylcellulose and sodium lignosulfonate, and grind it until the particle size is less than 0.5 mm. Step S4, Pretreatment of microbial agents: Expand the culture of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and Pseudomonas spp. separately.

[0080] Expanded culture: Slant seed cultures of each strain were inoculated into their respective suitable sterile liquid media (Ashbe nitrogen-free medium for nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Monkina organic-phosphorus medium for phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and LB medium for Pseudomonas) and incubated at 30°C and 150 rpm for 36 hours to achieve a viable cell concentration of 1×10⁻⁶ for each strain. 9 CFU / mL or higher.

[0081] 2. Collection and concentration of bacterial cells: Centrifuge the above culture medium at 4℃ and 5000 rpm for 15 minutes, discard the supernatant, and obtain bacterial sludge.

[0082] 3. Preparation of bacterial suspension: The bacterial sludge was resuspended with sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and the final concentration of the concentrated bacterial suspension was adjusted to approximately 5 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL. The accurate concentration of each bacterial suspension can be determined simultaneously using the plate count method.

[0083] Step S5: Mix all the above components, add an appropriate amount of water to adjust the humidity to 35%, and then feed it into a granulator for granulation, controlling the particle size to 3-8mm; during the granulation process, add 8 parts of plant seeds (2 parts of tall fescue seeds, 1 part of ryegrass seeds, 2 parts of crested wheatgrass seeds, and 3 parts of alfalfa seeds), mix the microbial agent with the adhesive (2% sodium alginate (SA) aqueous solution) (at a mass ratio of 1:2) to form a microbial agent slurry, coat the particles with a coating thickness of 0.8mm; dry the coated particles at a low temperature of 40℃ until the moisture content is less than 15%, to obtain the composite ecological restoration agent. Example

[0084] The preparation method of the composite ecological restoration agent in Example 2 is similar to that in Example 1, except that the mass fractions of the components are different. The specific components of the composite ecological restoration agent in Example 2 are as follows: 55 parts of basic substrate agent (28 parts yak dung, 15 parts topsoil, 7 parts humus; 5 parts EM fermentation agent); 22 parts of water-retaining and heat-insulating agent (10 parts of polyacrylamide water-retaining agent, 5 parts of polystyrene foam particles, and 7 parts of bentonite). Stabilizer 18 parts (12 parts hemihydrate phosphogypsum, 4 parts methylcellulose, 2 parts sodium lignosulfonate). Nine microbial inoculants (four nitrogen-fixing bacteria, two phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and three Pseudomonas spp.). 7 parts of accelerator (4 parts of bio-humic acid fertilizer, 2 parts of slow-release compound fertilizer, and 1 part of wood vinegar). 12 parts reinforcing agent (5 parts wood fiber, 4 parts plant straw, 3 parts waste textile fiber). 9 parts adhesive (9 parts 2% sodium alginate (SA) aqueous solution); Eight portions of plant seeds (two portions of tall fescue seeds, one portion of ryegrass seeds, two portions of crested wheatgrass seeds, and three portions of alfalfa seeds). Example

[0085] The preparation method of the composite ecological restoration agent in Example 3 is similar to that in Example 1, except that the mass fractions of the components are different. The specific components of the composite ecological restoration agent in Example 3 are as follows: 40 parts of basic substrate agent (20 parts yak dung, 12 parts topsoil, 4 parts humus; 4 parts EM fermentation agent). 15 parts of water-retaining and heat-insulating agent (7 parts of polyacrylamide water-retaining agent, 3 parts of polystyrene foam particles, and 5 parts of bentonite). Stabilizer 10 parts (7 parts hemihydrate phosphogypsum, 2 parts methylcellulose, 1 part sodium lignosulfonate); Five portions of microbial inoculants (two portions of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, one portion of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and two portions of Pseudomonas spp.). Three parts of accelerator (1 part of bio-humic acid fertilizer, 1 part of slow-release compound fertilizer, and 1 part of wood vinegar). Five parts reinforcing agent (two parts wood fiber, two parts plant straw, and one part waste textile fiber). 15 parts adhesive (15 parts 2% sodium alginate (SA) aqueous solution); Five portions of plant seeds (1 portion of tall fescue seeds, 1 portion of ryegrass seeds, 1 portion of crested wheatgrass seeds, and 2 portions of alfalfa seeds). Example

[0086] The preparation method of the composite ecological restoration agent in Example 4 is similar to that in Example 1, except that the mass fractions of the components are different. The specific components of the composite ecological restoration agent in Example 3 are as follows: 60 parts of basic substrate agent (30 parts yak dung, 20 parts topsoil, 5 parts humus; 5 parts EM fermentation agent); 25 parts of water-retaining and heat-insulating agent (12 parts of polyacrylamide water-retaining agent, 6 parts of polystyrene foam particles, and 7 parts of bentonite). Stabilizer 20 parts (13 parts hemihydrate phosphogypsum, 5 parts methylcellulose, 2 parts sodium lignosulfonate); 10 portions of microbial inoculants (5 portions of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 2 portions of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and 3 portions of Pseudomonas spp.). Eight parts of accelerator (five parts of bio-humic acid fertilizer, two parts of slow-release compound fertilizer, and one part of wood vinegar). 15 parts reinforcing agent (6 parts wood fiber, 5 parts plant straw, 4 parts waste textile fiber). 10 parts adhesive (10 parts 2% sodium alginate (SA) aqueous solution); Ten portions of plant seeds (3 portions of tall fescue seeds, 1 portion of ryegrass seeds, 3 portions of crested wheatgrass seeds, and 3 portions of alfalfa seeds).

[0087] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 lies in the composition of the composite ecological restoration agent. The composite ecological restoration agent in Comparative Example 1 comprises: 73 parts of a basic matrix agent (43 parts yak dung, 30 parts topsoil), 20 parts of a water-retaining and heat-insulating agent (8 parts polyacrylamide water-retaining agent, 4 parts polystyrene foam particles, 8 parts bentonite), 6 parts of a promoter (3 parts bio-humic acid fertilizer, 2 parts slow-release compound fertilizer, 1 part wood vinegar), and 10 parts of a reinforcing agent (4 parts wood fiber, 3 parts plant straw, 3 parts waste textile fiber). The preparation method omits the steps of stabilizer activation and microbial inoculant propagation; the remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0088] Comparative Example 2 uses the ecological restoration agent disclosed in CN115336517A, specifically the components of Example 1 of that patent.

[0089] The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 lies in the composition of the composite ecological restoration agent. The composite ecological restoration agent of Comparative Example 3 contains an additive without the reinforcing agent.

[0090] Compared with Example 1, Comparative Example 4 is different in that the microbial inoculants (nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and Pseudomonas spp.) and their related pretreatment and addition steps (step S4) are completely omitted. The remaining components, proportions and preparation steps are exactly the same as those in Example 1.

[0091] The performance of the composite ecological restoration agents prepared in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-4 was tested to assess their comprehensive ecological restoration efficiency in a simulated high-altitude, strong earthquake zone environment. The core indicators included: soil erosion resistance, vegetation establishment speed and coverage, and long-term stability of the restoration body. 1. Testing method: 1.1 Grouping of test samples: Experimental group: Composite ecological restoration agents prepared in Examples 1, 2, 3 and 4.

[0092] Control group: Comparative example 1 (without stabilizer and microbial agent), comparative example 2 (the vegetative pack disclosed in CN115336517A), comparative example 3 and comparative example 4.

[0093] At least three parallel samples should be set up for each group to reduce error.

[0094] 1.2 Test Environment and Platform Artificial climate simulation chambers or field test sites similar to the target environment (such as earthquake-damaged slopes at an altitude of >3000 meters) can be used.

[0095] Key environmental parameters should be controlled or recorded: diurnal temperature cycle (-5°C to 25°C), UV intensity, and periodic spray simulated rainfall (e.g., 30 mm / h for 15 minutes) to simulate runoff scouring.

[0096] Understandably, for the sake of fair comparison, all test samples were applied according to their own designed formulations and instructions, without the addition of any additional microorganisms or materials not contained in the product itself.

[0097] 1.3 The specific steps are as follows: Preparation of test slope: A sandy loam slope of uniform size (1m×2m, slope 30°) was set up in the test area and pre-compacted to the same degree of compaction to simulate loose soil after the earthquake.

[0098] Sample application: Strictly follow the recommended best application method for each product (such as topsoil spraying) and the same unit area application rate of 50 kg / m² and application thickness of 5 cm, and evenly cover the corresponding slope surface with the repair agent of each experimental group and control group.

[0099] Maintenance and management: All slopes are maintained under the same conditions: daily watering (to keep the substrate moist), no additional fertilization (unless the product itself contains fertilizer), and daily environmental data are recorded.

[0100] 1.4 Observation and Measurement: Coverage testing method: Refer to the "Standard for Monitoring and Evaluation of Soil and Water Conservation in Production and Construction Projects" (GB / T 51240-2018)-3 and the "Technical Specification for Ecological Environment Status Evaluation" (HJ 192-2015)-1.

[0101] Method for testing soil loss: The mathematical model method is recommended in accordance with the Ministry of Water Resources' "Guidelines for Calculating Soil Loss in Production and Construction Projects" (SL 773-2018).

[0102] Shear strength testing method: The theoretical basis for calculation is the Mohr-Coulomb shear strength formula.

[0103] in: : Soil shear strength, in kilopascals (kPa), i.e., “Soil Shear Strength” in Table 1; c is cohesion, reflecting the bond between soil particles (kPa); σ is the normal stress (vertical pressure, kPa) on the shear plane. The internal friction angle is the angle (°) that reflects the frictional characteristics between soil particles.

[0104] The test results are shown in Table 1: Table 1 Example 1 0.45 45 86 28 The surface is intact and the root network is well-developed. Example 2 0.43 44 82 27 The surface is intact and the root network is well-developed. Example 3 0.45 43 83 26 The surface is intact and the root network is well-developed. Example 4 0.44 43 80 25 The surface is intact and the root network is well-developed. Comparative Example 1 5.5 9 28 8.8 The surface is severely eroded and the vegetation is sparse. Comparative Example 2 2.8 23 60 17 Slight localized erosion, but the coverage is acceptable. Comparative Example 3 1.2 38 68 19 The surface has slight cracks, and the vegetation cover is moderate. Comparative Example 4 1.8 22 55 16 Vegetation grows slowly, has low coverage, and has limited resistance to erosion. As shown in Table 1, compared to Comparative Examples 1-4, the composite ecological restoration agents provided in Examples 1-4 of this invention exhibit significantly better soil erosion resistance, faster vegetation establishment speed, higher final coverage, and stronger overall stability of the restoration body under the same environmental and maintenance conditions. Comparative Example 1, lacking stabilizers and microbial agents, lacks the crucial support of chemical bonding and physical reinforcement networks in its restoration body, and also suffers from low soil biological activity, thus exhibiting the worst erosion resistance and vegetation restoration effect, with all performance indicators significantly inferior to this invention. Comparative Example 2, primarily focusing on water retention, heat preservation, and basic soil improvement... The invention lacks a dedicated stabilizer and reinforcing agent synergistic system for improving soil mechanical properties and also lacks a composite functional microbial agent that can quickly initiate nutrient cycling. Therefore, the long-term shear strength and erosion resistance of the remediation are still limited, and the overall remediation effect is significantly inferior to the examples. Comparative Example 3, by removing the reinforcing agent, cannot construct a network support system, resulting in a decrease in the overall stability of the remediation. Comparative Example 4, by removing the microbial agent, completely removed the optimized compounded microbial agent (nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and Pseudomonas), although retaining all physical reinforcement components (stabilizer and reinforcing agent), its remediation system lacks the crucial "biological engine." Test data clearly show that its vegetation recovery speed (22% coverage in 1 month), final vegetation coverage (55% in 3 months), and remediation shear strength (16 kPa) are all significantly lower than those of the embodiments of the present invention. This directly proves that the "optimized compounded microbial agent after separate expanded cultivation" used in the present invention is not a simple auxiliary additive, but a core element for realizing a dual protection system of "engineering reinforcement + biological self-healing." This microbial agent rapidly constructs a functional microbial community that integrates nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, and plant growth promotion. In the early stages of remediation, it powerfully drives soil nutrient cycling, overcoming nutrient limitations in infertile soils and significantly promoting the establishment and root development of pioneer plants. The rapid growth of these plants not only increases surface cover and reduces soil erosion, but their developed root systems and the extracellular polysaccharides secreted by the microorganisms further enhance the soil's biocementation, thus providing a continuous and strengthened biological stabilization effect on top of physical reinforcement. Therefore, without this composite microbial agent, even with an intact physical structure, the remediation system will lose its crucial ability to rapidly initiate ecological succession and achieve long-term self-sustaining remediation.

[0105] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite ecological restoration agent, characterized in that, The composite ecological restoration agent comprises, by weight parts: Base matrix agent: 40-60 parts; Water-retaining and heat-insulating agent: 15-25 parts; Stabilizer: 10-20 parts; Microbial inoculant: 5-10 parts; Accelerator: 3-8 parts; Enhancer: 5-15 parts; Adhesive: 5-30 parts; and Plant seeds: 5-10 parts.

2. The composite ecological restoration agent as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The base substrate agent includes at least two of yak manure, topsoil, humus, and EM fermentation agent; and / or, The water-retaining and heat-insulating agent includes at least one of polyacrylamide water-retaining agent, polystyrene foam particles, and bentonite; and / or, The stabilizer includes hemihydrate phosphogypsum, methylcellulose, and sodium lignosulfonate; and / or, The microbial inoculant includes nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and Pseudomonas spp.; and / or, The promoter includes bio-humic acid fertilizer, slow-release compound fertilizer, and wood vinegar; and / or, The reinforcing agent includes wood fiber, plant straw, and waste textile fiber; and / or, The plant seeds include at least one of tall fescue seeds, ryegrass seeds, crested wheatgrass seeds, and alfalfa seeds; and / or, The adhesive includes an aqueous solution of sodium alginate.

3. The composite ecological restoration agent as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The base substrate agent comprises yak dung and topsoil, wherein the mass ratio of the yak dung to the topsoil is (1~2):1; and / or, The water-retaining and heat-insulating agent comprises polyacrylamide water-retaining agent, polystyrene foam particles, and bentonite, wherein the mass ratio of the polyacrylamide water-retaining agent, the polystyrene foam particles, and the bentonite is (2-4):(1-3):(2-5); and / or, The stabilizer comprises hemihydrate phosphogypsum, methylcellulose, and sodium lignosulfonate, wherein the mass ratio of the hemihydrate phosphogypsum, the methylcellulose, and the sodium lignosulfonate is (5-8):(1-2):(1-2); and / or, The microbial agent includes nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and *Pseudomonas* spp., wherein the mass ratio of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria, the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and the *Pseudomonas* spp. is (2-3):(1-2):(1-2); and / or, The accelerator comprises bio-humic acid fertilizer, slow-release compound fertilizer, and wood vinegar, wherein the mass ratio of the bio-humic acid fertilizer, the slow-release compound fertilizer, and the wood vinegar is (3-5):(1-3):(1-2); and / or, The reinforcing agent includes wood fiber, plant straw and waste textile fiber, and the mass ratio of the wood fiber, the plant straw and the waste textile fiber is (2-4):(1-3):(1-2).

4. A method for preparing a composite ecological restoration agent as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The preparation method of the composite ecological restoration agent includes the following steps: S1. The base matrix agent, water-retaining and heat-insulating agent, stabilizer, microbial agent, accelerator and reinforcing agent are pretreated respectively to obtain pretreated base matrix agent, pretreated water-retaining and heat-insulating agent, pretreated stabilizer, pretreated microbial agent, pretreated accelerator and pretreated reinforcing agent; S2. Mix the pretreated base matrix agent, the pretreated water-retaining and heat-insulating agent, the pretreated stabilizer, the pretreated microbial agent, the pretreated promoter, and the pretreated enhancer to obtain a mixture, and granulate the mixture to obtain a compound; S3. The pretreated microbial agent is mixed with plant seeds and adhesive to form a microbial agent slurry. The microbial agent slurry is then coated onto the mixture and dried to obtain the composite ecological restoration agent.

5. The preparation method of the composite ecological restoration agent as described in claim 4, characterized in that, In step S2, the steps prior to granulation of the mixture include: mixing the mixture with water and adjusting the humidity to 30-40%; and / or, The particle size of the mixture is 3-8 mm.

6. The preparation method of the composite ecological restoration agent as described in claim 4, characterized in that, In step S3, the drying temperature is 30~50℃; and / or, The moisture content of the dried composite ecological restoration agent is less than 15%.

7. The application of a composite ecological restoration agent, characterized in that, The steps of the application include: Provides a composite ecological restoration agent prepared by the preparation method of the composite ecological restoration agent as described in any one of claims 1 to 3 or as described in any one of claims 4 to 6; The composite ecological restoration agent is mixed with the area to be restored to repair the area.

8. The application as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The amount of the composite ecological restoration agent applied per unit area of ​​the area to be restored is 30-100 kg / m²; and / or, The thickness of the composite ecological restoration agent is 3-8 cm.

9. The application as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The composite ecological restoration agent may be in the form of tablets, liquids, or granules.

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