A tobacco field soil conditioner, its preparation method and application

Abstract

The application discloses a tobacco field soil conditioner and a preparation method and application thereof. The soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: biomass ash 20-30%, biochemical potassium fulvate 10%, attapulgite 10-15%, diatomite 15-20%, broken eggshell 15-20% and edible mushroom residue 10-20%. The tobacco field soil conditioner is prepared by scientific compounding of the components, and is applied to an acidic tobacco field soil. The soil pH is increased by 0.2 units, the tobacco plant root activity is increased by 14.3%, the tobacco leaf potassium content is increased by 4.3%, the biomass is increased by 6.1%, and the content of effective cadmium in the soil can be effectively reduced. The tobacco field soil conditioner provides a good soil environment for the growth of tobacco plants, promotes the healthy growth of the tobacco plants, and further improves the yield and quality of tobacco leaves.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of soil improvement technology, specifically relating to a tobacco field soil conditioner, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, and unreasonable agricultural production methods, soils are facing numerous problems, such as soil acidification, salinization, compaction, declining fertility, and heavy metal pollution. These problems not only lead to soil degradation, affecting crop growth, development, yield, and quality, but may also endanger human health through the food chain, thus hindering the sustainable development of agriculture and the safety of the ecological environment.

[0003] Soil conditioners (also commonly known as soil amendments) have received widespread attention as an important means of improving soil physicochemical properties, enhancing soil fertility, and remediating soil pollution. Currently, there are many types of soil conditioners on the market, mainly including lime-based, gypsum-based, organic material-based, microbial, and mineral-based ones. However, existing conditioners often suffer from problems in practical applications, such as limited functionality, limited improvement effects, short-term effects, high costs, or potential secondary pollution. For example, while simple lime-based conditioners can quickly neutralize soil acidity, long-term and excessive use can easily lead to soil compaction and nutrient imbalance; some organic conditioners, although they can improve soil structure, release nutrients slowly and are not effective in remediating heavy metal pollution.

[0004] Chinese patent CN107032935A discloses an attapulgite-based trace element soil conditioner and its preparation method, comprising the following ingredients in the indicated weight ratios: 4-8 parts attapulgite, 8-10 parts peat moss, 3-5 parts wood ash, and 4-8 parts eggshell fragments. This soil conditioner is used for acidic soil conditioning, effectively increasing soil pH. Furthermore, the eggshell fragments have a passivating effect on heavy metals in the soil, providing good remediation for acidic heavy metal-contaminated soils. It improves soil permeability while effectively preventing compaction. In rapeseed fields, its application can increase the number of rapeseed flowers, average plant height, and a more vibrant green color. Chinese Patent Publication No. CN107118018A discloses a soil conditioner, its preparation method, and its application, designed to address the shortcomings of existing land improvement and remediation methods, such as poor remediation effects and difficulty in vegetation growth after remediation. The soil conditioner comprises the following components by weight: 50-60 parts wood fiber, 14-18 parts biochar, 25-30 parts humus, 10-15 parts mushroom residue, 3-6 parts polysaccharide, 1-3 parts seaweed extract, 1-2 parts carboxymethyl chitosan, 1-3 parts biochemical potassium humate, 1-3 parts diatomaceous earth, 3-5 parts shell powder, 0.001-0.005 parts Trichoderma, 0.001-0.005 parts nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and 0.001-0.005 parts compound Bacillus. This soil conditioner can improve the root length, vegetation cover, and underground biomass of ryegrass and tall fescue. Chinese Patent Publication No. CN 116514604 A discloses a multi-component composite soil conditioner and its preparation method, comprising 20-80 parts of attapulgite powder, 40-80 parts of slaughterhouse livestock and poultry blood adsorption precipitate and fermented edible fungi residue, 5-20 parts of potassium humate, and 0.1-2 parts of microbial inoculant. This soil conditioner can improve soil acidification, soil compaction, and loosen the soil; enhance soil fertility and fertilizer retention, and improve crop resistance to stress and disease; reduce soil heavy metal pollution; significantly improve crop photosynthesis; promote root development and nutrient absorption; enhance crop resistance to stress, cold, drought, pests, and continuous cropping; protect flowers and fruits; promote early maturity; increase yield; and improve crop quality.

[0005] Although various soil conditioners exist and have achieved some success in improving specific soil problems, tobacco-growing soils have more specific and stringent requirements regarding soil physical structure, nutrient status, pH value, and rhizosphere microecological environment. As an economic crop, the production of high-quality tobacco leaves requires suitable soil aeration, water and fertilizer retention capacity, balanced nutrient supply, and low heavy metal content. Existing conditioners often struggle to simultaneously meet the diverse needs of tobacco growth. For example, while some conditioners can improve soil structure, they are less effective at increasing the content of essential nutrients such as potassium and magnesium. Furthermore, some conditioners, when remediating heavy metal pollution, may affect the absorption of other essential minerals by tobacco, thus impacting the quality and safety of the tobacco leaves.

[0006] Chinese patent CN104789229A discloses a tobacco stalk biochar-based soil conditioner and a method for improving tobacco field soil. Its main purpose is to enrich, absorb, and degrade heavy metal elements, thereby effectively remediating tobacco field soil contaminated with heavy metals. Chinese patent CN105859479A discloses a method for improving tobacco field soil. The soil conditioner used in this method can increase soil organic matter content, improve soil water retention, promote root development in the early stages of tobacco plant growth, promote early and rapid growth of tobacco plants, increase tobacco leaf yield, increase the proportion of medium and high-grade tobacco leaves, increase tobacco leaf output value, improve tobacco leaf quality, coordinate chemical components, increase total sugar content and potassium ion content, decrease chloride ion content, increase tobacco leaf aroma and oil content, and improve the smoking quality of tobacco leaves.

[0007] However, the aforementioned soil conditioners for tobacco fields still have room for improvement in comprehensively enhancing soil fertility, optimizing rhizosphere microecology, and balancing soil pH. Therefore, developing a specialized soil conditioner that can simultaneously address issues such as soil acidification, compaction, uneven fertility, potential heavy metal risks, and low rhizosphere microbial activity in tobacco cultivation, while also being cost-effective and environmentally friendly, is of great significance for promoting the sustainable development of the tobacco industry.

[0008] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the background section above is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to provide a tobacco field soil conditioner, its preparation method, and its application, which solves the technical problem that tobacco plant growth is inhibited and tobacco quality is reduced due to soil acidification and compaction. The tobacco field soil conditioner of this invention can improve the pH of acidic tobacco field soil, the root activity of tobacco plants, the potassium content of tobacco leaves, and biomass.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a tobacco field soil conditioner comprising the following components in parts by weight: Biomass ash 20-30% 10% potassium humate (biochemical) 10-15% attapulgite Diatomaceous earth 15-20% 15-20% of the eggshells are broken. Edible mushroom residue 10-20%.

[0011] The biomass ash used in this invention not only contains abundant mineral elements such as potassium, calcium, and magnesium, providing essential nutrients for tobacco plant growth, but its alkaline properties also effectively neutralize acidic tobacco field soil, gradually raising the soil pH to a range suitable for tobacco growth, alleviating the stress of soil acidification on tobacco plant roots, and reducing the bioavailability of heavy metals in the soil. Biochemical potassium humate, as a high-quality organic colloid, has excellent complexing and adsorption properties. On the one hand, it can improve soil aggregate structure, enhance soil water and fertilizer retention capacity and aeration, and improve soil compaction; on the other hand, it can promote the absorption and utilization of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium by tobacco plant roots, especially playing a positive role in increasing the potassium content of tobacco leaves, while also stimulating root cell division and growth, enhancing root vitality. Attapulgite and diatomaceous earth, as natural mineral adsorbents, possess a large specific surface area and porous structure. They can adsorb harmful heavy metal ions in the soil, reducing their bioavailability and mitigating the potential harm of heavy metals to tobacco plants. Simultaneously, they can adsorb nutrient ions such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, reducing nutrient runoff loss and thus improving fertilizer utilization. Furthermore, they can regulate soil porosity, further optimizing soil physical properties and creating a favorable environment for root growth. Crushed eggshells, rich in calcium carbonate and other components, slowly release calcium ions that not only continuously neutralize soil acidity and improve soil buffering capacity, but also increase soil aeration and permeability. During decomposition, eggshell fragments provide carbon and nitrogen sources for soil microorganisms, promoting their reproduction and activity. Edible mushroom residue contains abundant organic matter, amino acids, and various beneficial microorganisms. When applied to the soil, it can significantly increase the soil organic matter content and improve soil fertility. At the same time, the microbial community it carries can optimize the rhizosphere microecological environment, inhibit the growth of harmful pathogens, enhance the disease resistance of tobacco plants, and ultimately promote the healthy growth of tobacco plants, improve the biomass and overall quality of tobacco leaves.

[0012] Preferably, the biomass ash is the ash from the combustion of biomass in a tobacco curing oven.

[0013] Preferably, the edible mushroom residue is selected from at least one of shiitake mushroom residue and wood ear mushroom residue.

[0014] Preferably, each component passes through a 20-mesh sieve.

[0015] A second objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing the aforementioned tobacco field soil conditioner, the method comprising: Biomass ash, biochemical potassium humate, attapulgite, diatomaceous earth, crushed eggshells, and edible mushroom residue are each passed through a 20-mesh sieve and then mixed in proportion.

[0016] The third objective of this invention is to provide the application of the aforementioned tobacco field soil conditioner in acidic tobacco field soil, thereby increasing the pH of the acidic tobacco field soil, the root activity of tobacco plants, the potassium content of tobacco leaves, and the biomass of tobacco plants, while reducing the content of available cadmium in the soil.

[0017] The tobacco field soil conditioner, its preparation method, and its application of the present invention solve the problems of inhibited tobacco plant growth and reduced tobacco quality caused by soil acidification and compaction in tobacco fields, and have the following advantages: The soil conditioner for tobacco fields of this invention, through the scientific compounding of its components, when applied to acidic tobacco field soil (pH 5.8), increases soil pH by 0.2 units, tobacco root activity by 14.3%, tobacco leaf potassium content by 4.3%, biomass by 6.1%, and soil available cadmium content by approximately 20.8%. Furthermore, the preparation method of this invention is simple and easy to implement; the components are simply sieved and mixed in proportion, requiring no complex chemical reactions or high-temperature treatments, thus reducing production costs and energy consumption. The raw materials are widely available, particularly biomass ash and edible mushroom residue, which are agricultural wastes that can be utilized, reducing environmental pollution and turning waste into treasure, aligning with the development concepts of green agriculture and a circular economy. Applying this soil conditioner to acidic tobacco field soil can specifically address common problems in acidic tobacco fields such as low pH, poor soil structure, nutrient imbalance, and unfavorable rhizosphere environment, thereby comprehensively improving the quality of tobacco field soil and providing a strong guarantee for the production of high-quality tobacco leaves. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] It should be noted that: Unless otherwise specified in the examples, conditions should be followed according to standard conditions or the manufacturer's recommendations. Instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all commercially available products. Raw materials and reagents whose manufacturers are not specified are all commercially available goods or can be prepared using known methods.

[0020] In this invention, all features defined in the form of numerical ranges or percentage ranges, such as numerical values, quantities, contents, and concentrations, are used only for simplicity and convenience. Accordingly, the description of numerical ranges or percentage ranges should be considered as covering and specifically disclosing all possible sub-ranges and individual numerical values ​​(including integers and fractions) within those ranges.

[0021] The features mentioned in this invention can be combined arbitrarily, and all possible combinations should be considered within the scope of this specification, provided that there is no contradiction in the combination of these features. Each feature disclosed in the specification can be replaced by any alternative feature that provides the same, equivalent, or similar purpose. Therefore, unless otherwise specified, the disclosed features are merely general examples of equivalent or similar features.

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0023] This invention provides a tobacco field soil conditioner, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: Biomass ash 20-30% 10% potassium humate (biochemical) 10-15% attapulgite Diatomaceous earth 15-20% 15-20% of the eggshells are broken. Edible mushroom residue 10-20%.

[0024] Furthermore, the biomass ash is the ash produced after biomass combustion in a tobacco curing oven.

[0025] Furthermore, the edible mushroom residue is selected from at least one of shiitake mushroom residue and wood ear mushroom residue.

[0026] Furthermore, each component is passed through a 20-mesh sieve.

[0027] The method for preparing the above-mentioned tobacco field soil conditioner includes: Biomass ash, biochemical potassium humate, attapulgite, diatomaceous earth, crushed eggshells, and edible mushroom residue are each passed through a 20-mesh sieve and then mixed in proportion.

[0028] The following examples illustrate in detail the tobacco field soil conditioner, its preparation method, and its application provided by the present invention.

[0029] Example 1 A soil conditioner for tobacco fields, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 25% biomass ash 10% potassium humate (biochemical) 12% of attapulgite 18% diatomaceous earth Broken eggshells 17% Edible mushroom residue 18%.

[0030] Weigh the above components according to the proportions, pass them through a 20-mesh sieve, and mix them thoroughly to obtain the tobacco field soil conditioner.

[0031] The soil conditioner for tobacco fields prepared in this embodiment was tested in acidic tobacco field soil (pH 5.8) using a pot experiment. Two treatments were set up: CK: no soil conditioner applied, and T1: 0.2% of the soil conditioner from this embodiment was added. Each treatment was repeated 6 times.

[0032] One month after transplanting the flue-cured tobacco, soil pH and available cadmium content, as well as root activity, potassium content in tobacco leaves and biomass of the tobacco plants were measured. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0033] Table 1 shows the results of the pot experiment. As can be seen from the results in Table 1, compared with the control group CK without the conditioner, the treatment T1 with the soil conditioner of this embodiment showed significant improvements in all indicators: soil pH increased from 5.8 to 6.0, an increase of 0.2 units, reaching a more suitable pH range for tobacco growth; the available cadmium content in the soil decreased from 0.24 mg / kg to 0.19 mg / kg, a decrease of approximately 20.8%; root activity of tobacco plants increased from 83.12 µg / g / h to 95.01 µg / g / h, an increase of approximately 14.3%; potassium content of tobacco leaves increased from 3.50% to 3.65%, an increase of approximately 4.3%; and tobacco plant biomass increased from 3.11 g / plant to 3.30 g / plant, an increase of approximately 6.1%. This indicates that the soil conditioner of this embodiment can effectively improve acidic tobacco field soil, increase root activity, potassium content of tobacco leaves, and biomass of tobacco plants, and can effectively reduce the content of available cadmium in the soil.

[0034] Although the present invention has been described in detail through the preferred embodiments above, it should be understood that the above description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention. Various modifications and substitutions to the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art after reading the above description. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A soil conditioner for tobacco fields, characterized in that, This soil conditioner contains the following components in parts by weight: Biomass ash 20-30% 10% potassium humate (biochemical) 10-15% attapulgite Diatomaceous earth 15-20% 15-20% of the eggshells are broken. Edible mushroom residue 10-20%.

2. The tobacco field soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The biomass ash is the ash produced after biomass combustion in a tobacco curing oven.

3. The tobacco field soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The edible mushroom residue is selected from at least one of shiitake mushroom residue and wood ear mushroom residue.

4. The tobacco field soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Each component passed through a 20-mesh sieve.

5. The method for preparing the tobacco field soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The method includes: Biomass ash, biochemical potassium humate, attapulgite, diatomaceous earth, crushed eggshells, and edible mushroom residue are each passed through a 20-mesh sieve and then mixed in proportion.

6. The application of the tobacco field soil conditioner as described in any one of claims 1 to 4 in acidic tobacco field soil, characterized in that, It can increase the pH of acidic tobacco fields, the root activity of tobacco plants, the potassium content of tobacco leaves, and the biomass of tobacco plants, while reducing the content of available cadmium in the soil.

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