A net-spraying concrete slope maintenance anti-cracking device and method

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of slope protection and concrete curing, and particularly relates to a net-sprayed concrete slope curing and anti-cracking device and method. The technical scheme is as follows: a net-sprayed concrete slope curing and anti-cracking device, a slope base body, a net-sprayed concrete layer arranged on the surface of the slope base body, a moisture-retaining curing blanket covering the surface of the net-sprayed concrete layer, the moisture-retaining curing blanket being fixed with the slope by means of the existing steel mesh and anchor nails on the slope base body, and a moisture-proof and heat-insulating film arranged on the surface of the moisture-retaining curing blanket; and a porous drip irrigation pipe is embedded in the moisture-retaining curing blanket, and a plurality of water dripping holes are uniformly arranged on the porous drip irrigation pipe. The present application provides a net-sprayed concrete slope curing and anti-cracking device and method, the covering layer is stably attached to the net-sprayed concrete layer, and active and reliable water supplement for large-inclination slope surfaces is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of slope protection and concrete curing technology, and specifically relates to a device and method for preventing cracking in shotcrete slope curing. Background Technology

[0002] Shotcrete slope protection is a widely used slope reinforcement method in highway, railway, water conservancy and municipal engineering projects. Its construction process typically involves spraying a concrete layer of a certain thickness onto a slope surface where steel mesh has been laid and anchor nails (13) have been installed. However, this concrete layer is thin and has a large surface area. After molding, it is exposed to the natural environment for a long time, and is prone to cracking due to water loss and shrinkage during the early curing stage, seriously affecting the durability and safety of the slope protection structure. Therefore, timely and effective early moisturizing curing of shotcrete slopes is a key aspect of the project.

[0003] Currently, existing technologies for curing concrete on steep slopes mainly focus on the following three aspects, but each has obvious limitations: Firstly, there are methods for controlling the spray curing process. For example, existing technologies disclose schemes that quantitatively control the humidity of concrete surfaces by real-time collection of parameters such as ambient temperature, humidity, and wind speed, and calculating spraying duration and intervals based on mathematical models. These methods typically employ overall spraying or sprinkling. However, for steep slopes, sprayed water is easily lost along the slope runoff, and evaporation losses are significant due to wind influence, resulting in uneven humidity distribution and short water retention time, making it difficult to achieve a uniform and long-lasting moisturizing effect. Furthermore, these schemes only provide control logic and do not involve integrated load-bearing, water-retention, and heat-insulating devices adapted to the slope's physical structure.

[0004] Secondly, passive moisture-retaining covering materials. A common practice is to cover the concrete surface with materials such as moisture-retaining curing cloth or water-retaining curing membrane, relying on the material's own water absorption and retention properties to slow down moisture evaporation. These materials are mostly designed for planar or near-planar components. Their shortcomings are: as a passive water retention method, they lose their curing function once the initial water storage is depleted, requiring repeated manual removal of the membrane for water replenishment, making the curing process discontinuous, time-consuming, and labor-intensive; furthermore, when used flat on steep slopes, the covering material is prone to sliding, bulging, or curling at the ends due to its own weight, detaching from the slope surface and losing its moisture-retaining and heat-insulating functions.

[0005] Thirdly, there is the shotcrete and anchor support structure for slopes. This method focuses on improving slope stability and bearing capacity through a combination of anchor bolts, grouting, steel mesh, and shotcrete. The technical emphasis is on the structural support itself, without addressing early moisture retention and shrinkage crack control after the shotcrete has formed. The curing of the shotcrete layer still relies on traditional manual or external spraying methods. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a device and method for preventing cracking of shotcrete slopes, wherein the covering layer is stably attached to the shotcrete layer, and active and reliable water replenishment is achieved on slopes with large inclination angles.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: A device for preventing cracking of shotcrete slopes includes a slope substrate with a shotcrete layer on its surface. The surface of the shotcrete layer is covered with a moisture-retaining curing blanket, which is fixed to the slope by means of existing steel mesh and anchor nails on the slope substrate. A heat-insulating and moisture-proof membrane is provided on the surface of the moisture-retaining curing blanket. A porous drip irrigation pipe is embedded in the moisture-retaining curing blanket, and several drip holes are evenly arranged on the porous drip irrigation pipe.

[0008] This invention involves pressing and sealing the ends of each layer of the slope covering along the top, toe, and sides of the slope substrate. This prevents the ends of the covering layers (moisture-retaining blanket and thermal insulation membrane) from rolling up, allowing air to enter and causing water loss, thus ensuring stable adhesion of the covering layers to the slope. The moisture-retaining blanket, thermal insulation membrane, and edge strips are sequentially stacked on the outside of the shotcrete layer and fixed to the slope using the existing steel mesh and anchor nails on the slope substrate, with the edges sealed by the edge strips. Therefore, the moisture-retaining blanket can reliably cover the shotcrete layer on steep slopes, achieving stable adhesion without slippage or rolling up. This avoids slippage, bulging, or end rolling up due to the weight of the covering material, ensuring its moisture-retaining and thermal insulation functions.

[0009] The porous drip irrigation pipes of this invention are embedded within a moisture-retaining curing blanket, and the surface of the blanket is covered with a heat-insulating and moisture-proof film. This prevents drip irrigation water from easily flowing away along the slope and avoids significant water loss due to wind evaporation, ensuring uniform slope humidity distribution and long-lasting moisture retention, thus achieving a uniform and durable moisturizing effect. The porous drip irrigation pipes within the moisture-retaining curing blanket of this invention can stably and uniformly drip irrigate the sprayed concrete layer.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the edge of the slope substrate is provided with edge strips for pressing and sealing the edges of the moisture-retaining blanket and the heat-insulating and moisture-proof film. The heat-insulating and moisture-proof film is covered on the outside of the moisture-retaining blanket, and the edges are pressed and sealed along the top, bottom and sides of the slope with edge strips, so that the multi-layer covering is stably pressed and pressed with the slope, preventing air from entering and water from losing, and ensuring that the covering layer is stably pressed and pressed with the slope.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a slope top water collection tank is installed on the top of the slope base, and a drip irrigation main pipe connects the slope top water collection tank to the porous drip irrigation pipe. The slope top water collection tank is a water storage tank located on the slope top platform and resting on the foundation, providing water source and water supply pressure for the drip irrigation system. The slope top water collection tank is connected to the porous drip irrigation pipe on the slope surface via the drip irrigation main pipe.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the number of the porous drip irrigation pipes is one or more; when the number of the porous drip irrigation pipes is one, the single porous drip irrigation pipe is arranged in a serpentine pattern within the moisturizing and curing blanket; when the number of the porous drip irrigation pipes is multiple, the multiple porous drip irrigation pipes are arranged in parallel within the moisturizing and curing blanket.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the invention further includes a control box, a drip irrigation electric control valve connected to the drip irrigation water supply main pipe, and several humidity sensors attached to the inside of the moisture-retaining blanket. The drip irrigation electric control valve and the humidity sensors are electrically connected to the control box. The control box is located at the top of the slope and has a built-in control circuit that controls the water supply and regulates the flow rate based on feedback from the humidity sensors.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a slope toe drainage ditch is provided at the bottom of the slope substrate, and the infiltrated water and rainwater in the moisture-retaining blanket flow into the slope toe drainage ditch. The slope toe drainage ditch is located at the slope toe, with the ditch opening facing the water coming from the slope surface, so as to orderly guide and drain the excess water generated by the infiltration of the cover layer and rainfall, and prevent water accumulation at the slope toe from softening the slope.

[0015] A method for preventing cracking during the curing of shotcrete slopes includes the following steps: S1: Positioning and laying: After the shotcrete has set and curing has started, a moisture-retaining curing blanket is laid on the outside of the shotcrete layer, and a porous drip irrigation pipe is buried in the curing blanket; the moisture-retaining curing blanket is fixed along the slope with the help of the existing steel mesh and anchor nails. S2: Covering and sealing: Cover the outside of the moisturizing blanket with a heat-insulating and moisture-proof film; S3: Water supply connection: Set up a water collection tank at the top of the slope, and connect it to a multi-hole drip irrigation pipe through the drip irrigation water supply main pipe; install a humidity sensor inside the moisture-retaining blanket, connect a drip irrigation electric control valve to the drip irrigation water supply main pipe, and connect both the humidity sensor and the drip irrigation electric control valve to the control box. S4: Closed-loop water replenishment: The humidity sensor detects the humidity of the slope cover layer in real time. The control box compares the real-time humidity value with the preset lower and upper humidity thresholds to control the on / off of the drip irrigation electric control valve. S5: Drainage: Drains excess water from the moisture-retaining blanket and rainwater. S6: Cycle to Age: Closed-loop water replenishment and drainage continue until the maintenance age is reached. Remove the moisturizing blanket and heat insulation film to complete the anti-cracking maintenance.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S4, when the real-time detected humidity is lower than the lower humidity threshold, the control box opens the drip irrigation electric control valve, and water is supplied from the slope top water collection tank to the porous drip irrigation pipe through the drip irrigation water supply main pipe. The water seeps into the moisturizing and maintenance blanket from the drip holes in the pipe wall and acts on the slope surface on the spot. When the real-time detected humidity reaches the upper humidity threshold, the control box closes the drip irrigation electric control valve and stops water supply. When the real-time detected humidity is between the upper humidity threshold and the lower humidity threshold, the previous on / off state is maintained.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S4, the water replenishment flow rate increases with the slope inclination angle of the slope substrate to compensate for the runoff loss along the steep slope and maintain uniform slope humidity.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, after covering the outside of the moisture-proof and heat-insulating film on the outside of the moisture-proof and heat-insulating blanket, the edges are pressed and sealed with edge strips along the top, bottom and sides of the slope base; in step S5, the water seeping under the moisture-proof and heat-insulating blanket and the rainwater are drained through the drainage ditch at the bottom of the slope.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. This invention involves pressing and sealing the ends of each layer of the slope covering along the top, toe, and both sides of the slope substrate to prevent the ends of the covering layers (moisture-retaining blanket and thermal insulation membrane) from rolling up, allowing air to enter and causing water loss, thus ensuring stable adhesion of the covering layers to the slope. The moisture-retaining blanket, thermal insulation membrane, and edge strips are sequentially stacked on the outside of the shotcrete layer and fixed along the slope using the existing steel mesh and anchor nails on the slope substrate, with the edges sealed by the edge strips. Therefore, the moisture-retaining blanket can reliably cover the shotcrete layer on steep slopes, achieving stable adhesion, preventing slippage, and avoiding rolling up due to the weight of the covering material, thus ensuring the moisture-retaining and thermal insulation functions.

[0020] 2. The porous drip irrigation pipe of this invention is embedded in a moisture-retaining curing blanket, and the surface of the blanket is covered with a heat-insulating and moisture-proof film. This prevents drip irrigation water from easily flowing away along the slope and avoids significant water loss due to wind evaporation, ensuring uniform slope humidity distribution and long-lasting moisture retention, thus achieving a uniform and durable moisturizing effect. The porous drip irrigation pipe within the moisture-retaining curing blanket of this invention can stably and uniformly drip irrigate the sprayed concrete layer. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is the front view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a top view of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a partial structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the control box and the water supply system; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the slope-foot drainage ditch.

[0022] In the diagram: 1-Moisturizing and curing blanket; 2-Porous drip irrigation pipe; 3-Insulation and moisture-proof membrane; 4-Edge strip; 5-Slope top water collection tank; 6-Drip irrigation water supply main pipe; 7-Humidity sensor; 8-Control box; 9-Slope toe drainage ditch; 10-Slope base; 11-Shotcrete layer; 12-Drip irrigation electric control valve; 13-Anchor nail. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0024] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the embodiments of the invention can be combined with each other.

[0025] like Figures 1-5 As shown, the sprayed concrete slope curing and crack prevention device of this embodiment includes a slope base 10, on which a sprayed concrete layer 11 is provided. The surface of the sprayed concrete layer 11 is covered with a moisture-retaining curing blanket 1. The moisture-retaining curing blanket 1 is fixed to the slope by means of the existing steel mesh and anchor nails 13 on the slope base 10. A heat-insulating and moisture-proof membrane 3 is provided on the surface of the moisture-retaining curing blanket 1. A porous drip irrigation pipe 2 is embedded in the moisture-retaining curing blanket 1. Several drip holes are evenly arranged on the porous drip irrigation pipe 2.

[0026] This invention involves pressing and sealing the ends of each layer of the slope covering along the top, bottom, and sides of the slope substrate 10 to prevent the ends of the covering layers (moisture-retaining blanket 1 and thermal insulation membrane 3) from rolling up, allowing air to enter and causing water loss, thus ensuring stable adhesion of the covering layers along the slope. The moisture-retaining blanket 1, thermal insulation membrane 3, and edge strips 4 are sequentially stacked on the outside of the shotcrete layer 11 and fixed along the slope by the existing steel mesh and anchor nails 13 on the slope substrate 10, and sealed by the edge strips 4. Therefore, the moisture-retaining blanket 1 can reliably cover the shotcrete layer 11 on a steep slope, achieving stable adhesion, preventing slippage, and preventing rolling up. This avoids slippage, bulging, or end rolling up due to the weight of the covering material, ensuring the moisture-retaining and thermal insulation functions.

[0027] The porous drip irrigation pipe 2 of this invention is embedded in the moisture-retaining curing blanket 1, and the surface of the moisture-retaining curing blanket 1 is provided with a heat-insulating and moisture-proof film 3. This can prevent drip irrigation water from easily flowing away along the slope and avoid significant water loss due to wind evaporation, ensuring uniform humidity distribution and long-lasting water retention on the slope, thus achieving a uniform and long-lasting moisturizing effect. The porous drip irrigation pipe 2 in the moisture-retaining curing blanket 1 of this invention can stably and uniformly drip irrigate the sprayed concrete layer 11.

[0028] This invention maintains uniform and sustained humidity on steep slopes by embedding porous drip irrigation pipes 2 inside the slope-supporting moisture-retaining blanket 1 and actively replenishing water on-site with a micro-flow rate. An active water supply loop is formed between the slope top water collection tank 5 and the drip irrigation main pipe 6, enabling automatic and continuous water replenishment instead of repeated manual replenishment. The existing steel mesh and anchor nails 13 on the slope surface provide support and fixation, while the end strips ensure stable adhesion of the multi-layer covering, preventing slippage and roll-up. By integrating slope-supporting fixation, active moisture retention, heat insulation, humidity closed-loop control, and slope toe drainage, construction and management are unified, resulting in stable crack prevention. Furthermore, a humidity sensor 7 and control box 8 use the actual humidity of the slope cover layer as feedback to perform closed-loop, on-demand water replenishment of the drip irrigation valve, avoiding both insufficient moisture causing cracking and excessive moisture causing waste, thereby effectively inhibiting early water loss and shrinkage cracking of the sprayed concrete.

[0029] The moisture-retaining curing blanket 1 is a water-absorbing and moisture-retaining layer tightly attached to the outside of the shotcrete layer 11. It stores and continuously releases moisture to the concrete surface, serving as the core covering layer for moisture retention. A porous drip irrigation pipe 2 is embedded within it. The porous drip irrigation pipe 2 is a perforated flexible tube laid along the slope and embedded within the moisture-retaining curing blanket 1. It delivers water from the drip irrigation water supply main 6 at a micro-flow rate evenly to the curing blanket, achieving active, on-site water replenishment without freely spraying onto the slope, thus avoiding runoff and wind evaporation losses. The thermal insulation and moisture-proof membrane 3 is a thin film layer covering the outside of the moisture-retaining curing blanket 1. It slows down the evaporation of moisture from the curing blanket and isolates the day-night temperature difference, serving both moisturizing and heat-insulating functions.

[0030] Furthermore, the edge of the slope base 10 is provided with edge strips 4 for pressing and sealing the edges of the moisture-retaining blanket 1 and the heat-insulating and moisture-proofing film 3. The heat-insulating and moisture-proofing film 3 is covered on the outside of the moisture-retaining blanket 1, and the edges are pressed and sealed with edge strips 4 along the top, bottom and sides of the slope, so that the multi-layer covering is stably pressed and pressed with the slope, preventing air from entering and water from losing, and ensuring that the covering layer is stably pressed and pressed with the slope.

[0031] Specifically, a slope top water collection tank 5 is installed on the top of the slope base 10, and a drip irrigation main pipe 6 connects the slope top water collection tank 5 to the porous drip irrigation pipe 2. The slope top water collection tank 5 is a water storage tank located on the slope top platform and resting on the foundation, providing water source and water supply pressure for the drip irrigation system. The slope top water collection tank 5 is connected to the porous drip irrigation pipe 2 on the slope surface via the drip irrigation main pipe 6. The drip irrigation main pipe 6 is a water delivery pipeline connecting the slope top water collection tank 5 and the porous drip irrigation pipe 2, descending along the slope top to connect to the drip irrigation pipe on the slope surface.

[0032] The number of the porous drip irrigation pipes 2 is one or more; when the number of porous drip irrigation pipes 2 is one, the single porous drip irrigation pipe 2 is arranged in a serpentine pattern within the moisturizing and curing blanket 1; when the number of porous drip irrigation pipes 2 is multiple, the multiple porous drip irrigation pipes 2 are arranged in parallel within the moisturizing and curing blanket 1.

[0033] Furthermore, the present invention also includes a control box 8, a drip irrigation electric control valve 12 connected to the drip irrigation water supply main pipe 6, and several humidity sensors 7 attached inside the moisturizing blanket 1. The drip irrigation electric control valve 12 and the humidity sensors 7 are electrically connected to the control box 8. The humidity sensors 7 are humidity detection elements attached inside the moisturizing blanket 1, which detect the humidity of the slope cover layer in real time and connect to the control box 8 via signal lines to provide feedback for closed-loop control. The control box 8 is located at the top of the slope and has a built-in control circuit that controls the water supply and regulates the flow rate based on the feedback from the humidity sensors 7.

[0034] Furthermore, a slope toe drainage ditch 9 is provided at the bottom of the slope base 10, through which infiltrated water and rainwater from the moisture-retaining blanket 1 flow into the slope toe drainage ditch 9. The slope toe drainage ditch 9 is located at the slope toe, with its opening aligned with the water coming from the slope surface, systematically guiding and draining excess water from the infiltration of the cover layer and rainfall, thus preventing water accumulation at the slope toe from softening the slope.

[0035] In summary, the connection and coordination of the components are as follows: The slope covering consists of a moisture-retaining blanket 1, a thermal insulation and moisture-proof film 3, and an edge strip 4, which are sequentially stacked on the outside of the sprayed concrete layer 11 on the slope. It is fixed to the slope using the existing steel mesh and anchor nails 13, and sealed by the edge strip 4. The active water supply system delivers water from the top water collection tank 5 to the porous drip irrigation pipe 2 embedded in the covering blanket via the drip irrigation main pipe 6. The humidity closed-loop control system uses a humidity sensor 7 for detection, a control box 8 for decision-making, and its built-in drip irrigation control valve 12 for execution, regulating the water supply to the porous drip irrigation pipe 2. This forms a closed loop of detection-water supply-re-detection with the slope covering system. The slope toe drainage ditch 9 receives infiltration from the covering layer and slope runoff, forming a water outlet and, together with the water supply and moisture retention systems, creating a closed water loop of water supply-maintenance-discharge. Among them, the steel mesh and anchor nails 13 serve as the existing support structure of the slope. The anchor nails 13 penetrate the sprayed concrete layer 11 and are obliquely inserted into the slope base 10, which not only restrains the concrete layer, but also provides a load-bearing skeleton for fixing the various layers of the slope.

[0036] The method for preventing cracking of shotcrete slopes in this embodiment includes the following steps: S1: Positioning and laying: After the shotcrete has set and curing has started, a moisturizing curing blanket 1 is laid on the outside of the shotcrete layer 11, and the porous drip irrigation pipe 2 is buried in the curing blanket; the moisturizing curing blanket 1 is fixed along the slope with the help of the existing steel mesh and anchor nails 13.

[0037] S2: Covering and Sealing: Cover the outside of the moisture-retaining blanket 1 with a thermal insulation and moisture-proof film 3, and press and seal the edges along the top, bottom, and sides of the slope with edge strips 4 to ensure that the multi-layer covering is stably pressed against the slope and prevents air ingress and water loss. The slope covering layer consists of a sprayed concrete layer 11, a moisture-retaining blanket 1, and a thermal insulation and moisture-proof film 3, with a multi-hole drip irrigation pipe 2 and a humidity sensor 7 embedded inside, and the ends are sealed with edge strips 4.

[0038] S3: Water supply connection: A slope top water collection tank 5 is set up at the top of the slope, and the drip irrigation water supply main pipe 6 is connected to the porous drip irrigation pipe 2; a humidity sensor 7 is installed in the moisture-retaining blanket 1, and a drip irrigation electric control valve 12 is connected to the drip irrigation water supply main pipe 6. Both the humidity sensor 7 and the drip irrigation electric control valve 12 are connected to the control box 8.

[0039] S4: Closed-loop water replenishment: Humidity sensor 7 detects the humidity of the slope cover layer in real time, and control box 8 compares the real-time detected humidity value with the preset lower and upper humidity thresholds to control the on / off state of drip irrigation electric control valve 12.

[0040] When the real-time humidity is lower than the lower limit threshold, the control box 8 opens the drip irrigation electric control valve 12, and water is supplied from the slope top water collection tank 5 to the porous drip irrigation pipe 2 through the drip irrigation water supply main pipe 6. The water seeps into the moisturizing and maintenance blanket 1 from the drip holes in the pipe wall and acts on the slope surface on the spot. When the real-time humidity reaches the upper limit threshold, the control box 8 closes the drip irrigation electric control valve 12 and stops water supply. When the real-time humidity is between the upper limit threshold and the lower limit threshold, the previous on / off state is maintained.

[0041] The water replenishment flow rate increases with the slope inclination angle of the slope base 10 to compensate for the runoff loss along the steep slope and maintain uniform slope humidity.

[0042] S5: Drainage: Infiltrating water from the cover layer and excess water from rainfall are systematically drained through the slope toe drainage ditch 9 to prevent water accumulation at the slope toe. The end of the cover layer at the slope toe is sealed with an edge strip 4 to guide the infiltrating water to the slope toe drainage ditch 9.

[0043] S6: Cycle to Age: The above closed-loop water replenishment and drainage continue until the maintenance age is reached. Remove the moisturizing maintenance blanket 1 and the heat insulation and moisture-proofing film 3 to complete the anti-cracking maintenance.

[0044] For ease of implementation, the following variations are permitted for this device, and any one or combination thereof shall fall under this scheme: the thermal insulation and moisture-proof membrane 3 can be combined with the moisture-retaining curing blanket 1 to form a double-layer curing blanket; the porous drip irrigation pipe 2 can be a single serpentine pipe or multiple parallel pipes; the slope top water collection tank 5 can be replenished by municipal water supply or rainwater collection; the humidity sensor 7 can be deployed at multiple points along the slope and take representative values ​​or control by zone.

[0045] Key points of this invention: 1. Integrated device composition: On the shotcrete slope, the device is composed of multiple layers of slope covering (moisturizing and curing blanket 1, heat insulation and moisture-proof film 3, edge strip 4), active drip irrigation water supply (slope top water collection tank 5, drip irrigation water supply main pipe 6, and multi-hole drip irrigation pipe 2 embedded in the moisturizing and curing blanket 1), humidity closed-loop control (humidity sensor 7, control box 8 and drip irrigation electric control valve 12), and slope toe drainage ditch 9. It is a curing and crack prevention device that is fixed to the slope by relying on the existing steel mesh and anchor nails 13 on the slope.

[0046] 2. Water replenishment channels are buried inside the slope covering layer: the porous drip irrigation pipe 2 is buried in the moisturizing and maintenance blanket 1 and seeps into the slope surface in place with a small flow rate, rather than being sprayed freely onto the slope surface.

[0047] 3. Combination of slope-fixed covering layer and end sealing: relying on the existing steel mesh and anchor nails 13 on the slope surface to fix it with the slope bearing capacity, and sealing the edge with edge strips 4, so that the multi-layer slope covering is stably pressed on the steep slope surface, without slipping or rolling up.

[0048] 4. Closed-loop water replenishment control with hysteresis based on the actual humidity of the maintenance blanket: The humidity sensor 7 detects the humidity and the control box 8 switches the drip irrigation valve on and off with hysteresis between the lower and upper humidity limits to replenish water as needed.

[0049] 5. Water replenishment flow rate adapts to slope: The water replenishment flow rate per unit length increases with the slope angle to compensate for runoff loss on steep slopes and maintain uniform slope humidity.

[0050] 6. Cover layer infiltration and orderly drainage at the toe of the slope: The drainage ditch at the toe of the slope 9 receives the infiltration of the cover layer and the runoff from the slope surface, forming a closed water loop of water replenishment-maintenance-discharge with water supply and moisture retention.

[0051] The present invention has the following advantages: 1. Active on-site water replenishment and more durable and uniform water retention: The porous drip irrigation pipe 2 is buried inside the moisturizing and maintenance blanket 1 and seeps directly into the slope cover layer with a micro-flow, avoiding runoff and wind evaporation loss when sprayed on the slope as a whole, resulting in more uniform slope humidity and longer retention time.

[0052] 2. Stable adhesion to the slope and no detachment: Relying on the existing steel mesh on the slope and anchor nails 13, the edge pressure strips 4 are fixed to the slope load and pressed together to overcome the problems of flat covering materials sliding, bulging and rolling up on steep slopes.

[0053] 3. Multifunctional integrated system: It integrates slope fixing, active moisture retention, heat preservation and moisture insulation, closed-loop humidity control and slope toe drainage into one device, which unifies construction and management and provides stable crack prevention effect.

[0054] 4. On-demand closed-loop control, water saving and crack prevention: The actual humidity of the moisturizing blanket 1 is used as feedback to carry out closed-loop water replenishment with hysteresis, supplying water as needed, which avoids both insufficient moisture and cracking and excessive moisture and waste.

[0055] 5. Slope Adaptive: The water supply flow rate increases with the slope, adapting to slopes with different inclination angles. Steep slopes receive more water, further ensuring uniform humidity on the slope surface.

[0056] This invention is not limited to the above-described optional embodiments. Anyone can derive other various forms of products under the guidance of this invention. However, regardless of any changes made in their shape or structure, any technical solution that falls within the scope of the claims of this invention shall be protected by this invention.

Claims

1. A device for preventing cracking during the curing of shotcrete slopes, comprising a slope substrate (10) and a shotcrete layer (11) on the surface of the slope substrate (10), characterized in that: The surface of the sprayed concrete layer (11) is covered with a moisture-retaining curing blanket (1). The moisture-retaining curing blanket (1) is fixed to the slope by means of the existing steel mesh and anchor nails (13) on the slope base (10). A heat-insulating and moisture-proof membrane (3) is provided on the surface of the moisture-retaining curing blanket (1). A multi-hole drip irrigation pipe (2) is embedded in the moisture-retaining curing blanket (1). Several drip holes are evenly arranged on the multi-hole drip irrigation pipe (2).

2. The mesh sprayed concrete slope curing and crack prevention device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The edge of the slope substrate (10) is provided with an edge strip (4) for pressing and sealing the edges of the moisture-retaining blanket (1) and the heat-insulating and moisture-proofing membrane (3).

3. The device for preventing cracking of shotcrete slopes under curing conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: A top water collection tank (5) is installed on the top of the slope base (10), and a drip irrigation water supply main pipe (6) is connected between the top water collection tank (5) and the porous drip irrigation pipe (2).

4. The anti-cracking device for shotcrete slope curing according to claim 3, characterized in that: The number of the porous drip irrigation pipes (2) is one or more; when the number of the porous drip irrigation pipes (2) is one, the single porous drip irrigation pipe (2) is laid out in a serpentine pattern inside the moisturizing blanket (1); when the number of the porous drip irrigation pipes (2) is multiple, the multiple porous drip irrigation pipes (2) are laid out in parallel inside the moisturizing blanket (1).

5. The anti-cracking device for shotcrete slope curing according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a control box (8), a drip irrigation electric control valve (12) connected to the drip irrigation water supply main pipe (6), and several humidity sensors (7) attached inside the moisturizing blanket (1). The drip irrigation electric control valve (12) and the humidity sensors (7) are electrically connected to the control box (8) respectively.

6. The device for preventing cracking during the curing of shotcrete slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the slope base (10) is provided with a slope toe drainage ditch (9), and the seepage water and rainwater in the moisture retention blanket (1) flow into the slope toe drainage ditch (9).

7. A method for preventing cracking in shotcrete slope curing, using the shotcrete slope curing and crack prevention device described in claim 5, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1: Positioning and laying: After the shotcrete has set and curing has started, a moisturizing curing blanket (1) is laid on the outside of the shotcrete layer (11), and a multi-hole drip irrigation pipe (2) is buried in the curing blanket; the moisturizing curing blanket (1) is fixed along the slope with the help of the existing steel mesh and anchor nails (13). S2: Covering and sealing: Cover the outside of the moisturizing blanket (1) with a heat-insulating and moisture-proof film (3); S3: Water supply connection: Set up a slope top water collection tank (5) at the top of the slope, and connect it to a multi-hole drip irrigation pipe (2) through the drip irrigation water supply main pipe (6); Install a humidity sensor (7) inside the moisture-retaining blanket (1), connect the drip irrigation electric control valve (12) to the drip irrigation water supply main pipe (6), and connect both the humidity sensor (7) and the drip irrigation electric control valve (12) to the control box (8). S4: Closed-loop water replenishment: The humidity sensor (7) detects the humidity of the slope cover layer in real time, and the control box (8) compares the real-time detected humidity value with the preset lower humidity threshold and upper humidity threshold, and controls the on / off of the drip irrigation electric control valve (12). S5: Drainage: Moisturizing and maintenance blanket (1) drains excess water from seepage and rainfall; S6: Cycle to age: Closed-loop water replenishment and drainage continue until the maintenance age is reached. Remove the moisturizing maintenance blanket (1) and the heat insulation and moisture-proof film (3) to complete the anti-cracking maintenance.

8. A method for preventing cracking in shotcrete slope curing according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S4, when the real-time detected humidity is lower than the lower limit threshold, the control box (8) opens the drip irrigation control valve (12), and water is supplied from the top water collection tank (5) to the porous drip irrigation pipe (2) through the drip irrigation water supply main pipe (6). The water seeps into the moisturizing maintenance blanket (1) from the drip holes on the porous drip irrigation pipe (2) and acts on the slope surface on the spot. When the real-time detected humidity reaches the upper limit threshold, the control box (8) closes the drip irrigation control valve (12) and stops water supply. When the real-time detected humidity is between the upper limit threshold and the lower limit threshold, the previous on / off state is maintained.

9. A method for preventing cracking during the curing of shotcrete slopes according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S4, the water replenishment flow rate increases with the slope inclination angle of the slope base (10) to compensate for the runoff loss along the steep slope and maintain uniform slope humidity.

10. A method for preventing cracking in shotcrete slope curing according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S2, after covering the outside of the moisture-proof and heat-insulating film (3) on the outside of the moisture-proof and heat-insulating blanket (1), the edge is pressed and sealed along the top, bottom and sides of the slope base (10) with edge strips (4); in step S5, the water seeping under the moisture-proof and heat-insulating blanket (1) and the rainwater are drained through the drainage ditch (9) at the bottom of the slope.

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