A method of constructing a durable waterproofing construction for building roofs and basements

Abstract

The application relates to a construction method of a building roof and basement waterproof durable structure, and belongs to the technical field of building construction. The construction surface is explicitly divided into a large surface closed area, an interface slow-release area and a dispersion area, and an anchoring sub-area, a moisture guiding sub-area and a convergence and dispersion sub-area are further formed in the interface slow-release area. A base layer is stabilized through a base closed layer, external liquid water is blocked through a surface waterproof layer, and a continuous and zigzag moisture guiding channel is formed between the two, so that the moisture retained in the interface area can be directed to be discharged along a predetermined path, and the external water is still limited outside the surface waterproof layer. The repairable moisture discharge port arranged in the dispersion area makes the moisture dispersion have a clear end point, solves the problems that the moisture cannot be discharged due to full-adhesion sealing of the interface area of the building roof and basement, the anchoring is insufficient due to empty paving, and the waterproof layer is bulged, is empty and causes water seepage along the interface area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of building construction technology, specifically relating to a construction method for waterproof and durable structures of building roofs and basements. Background Technology

[0002] In existing construction projects, the waterproof and durable structure of building roofs and basements is usually constructed after the main concrete is completed and the formwork is removed. With the help of scaffolding and other construction aids, the base layer is cleaned, repaired, leveled or sloped, and then the base sealing layer, additional layer, surface waterproof layer and protective layer are constructed in sequence. On-site forming and overlapping treatment are carried out at the junction of the horizontal plane and the vertical cladding surface of the roof, the junction of the vertical wall of the basement and the bottom or top slab, the perimeter of pipelines passing through the structure, construction joints and expansion joints.

[0003] Because the aforementioned strip-shaped sections simultaneously serve multiple functions, including structural transitions, material overlaps, localized repairs, and subsequent protective layer sealing, they are more prone to forming localized moisture-laden interfaces between the base sealing layer and the surface waterproofing layer compared to larger areas. If the continuous, full-stretch coverage method used for large areas is still applied, the moisture in these interfaces will be difficult to migrate to the side not directly exposed to external water after the protective or backfill layer is formed. Conversely, if moisture is released by directly using loose-laying, simple tapering, or irregular intermittent treatment, the stability constraint of the junction strip on the surface waterproofing layer will be weakened. Both of these methods are prone to causing bulging, delamination, and displacement of the surface waterproofing layer under the influence of temperature differences, structural deformation, and water pressure, leading to water seepage along the junction strip. Therefore, a construction method is needed that can establish a continuous moisture-conducting path within the junction strip, maintain stable anchorage of the junction strip, and direct moisture to the repairable area. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems in the existing technology, this invention provides a construction method for a waterproof and durable structure for building roofs and basements. This method solves the problems of moisture not being able to escape due to full-sealing at the junction of the building roof and basement, and insufficient anchoring due to loose laying, which in turn leads to bulging, delamination, and water seepage along the junction.

[0005] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: A construction method for waterproof and durable building roof and basement structures includes the following steps: S1: Divide the surface to be constructed into a large closed area, a junction release area, and a drainage area. The junction release area is the strip-shaped area at the junction of the roof horizontal plane and the vertical enclosure, the junction of the basement vertical wall and the bottom or top slab, the area around the pipelines passing through the structure, and the sides of the construction joint or expansion joint. The drainage area is connected to the junction release area and is located on the side that does not directly contact rainwater or groundwater. S2: A continuous waterproof layer is formed in the large sealed area. In the junction slow-release area, anchoring sub-areas, moisture-guiding sub-areas, and drainage sub-areas are formed sequentially in the direction away from the large sealed area. In the three sub-areas, a base sealing layer is first formed by filling the base layer pores with the first coat and then continuously applying the second coat. The surface waterproof layer is then laid by pressing the anchoring sub-areas and drainage sub-areas together first and then covering the moisture-guiding sub-areas. The moisture-guiding sub-areas are divided into several unit segments along the junction line. Odd-numbered unit segments are bonded only to the edge of the anchoring sub-area, and even-numbered unit segments are bonded only to the edge of the drainage sub-area. The unbonded edge of adjacent unit segments is replaced between segments and overlapped to connect them, forming a tortuous moisture-guiding channel between the base sealing layer and the surface waterproof layer. The drainage sub-areas connect the tortuous moisture-guiding channels by gradually reducing the width of the unbonded parts. S3; After setting up a vent in the venting area that connects to the moisture-conducting channel after the junction, construct a protective layer.

[0006] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the moisture-conducting sub-area is divided into a first unit segment, several intermediate unit segments, and a last unit segment along the intersection line direction. When laying the surface waterproof layer, an adhesive edge strip is first formed on the side of the odd-numbered intermediate unit segments near the anchoring sub-area, and then an adhesive edge strip is formed on the side of the even-numbered intermediate unit segments near the drainage sub-area. After that, the first unit segment is continuously pressed against the anchoring sub-area, and the last unit segment is continuously pressed against the drainage sub-area to form an intermittent bond with alternating edges along the intersection line direction.

[0007] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the intermediate unit segment is arranged with alternating long and short segments, each short segment is located between two adjacent long segments, and the two ends of each short segment overlap with the two long segments on both sides, so that the moisture guiding channel switches sides and extends in a staggered manner between adjacent unit segments.

[0008] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the bonded edge strip of each unit segment is composed of a first-formed main adhesive strip and a second-formed supplementary adhesive strip. The main adhesive strip is disposed near the edge of the bonded side of the unit segment, and the supplementary adhesive strip is located between the main adhesive strip and the unbonded edge strip, and the width of the main adhesive strip is greater than the width of the supplementary adhesive strip.

[0009] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the adhesive tape is formed after the adhesive tape on the opposite side of the adjacent unit segment is completed, so that a continuous unbonded path is maintained between adjacent unit segments, and the surface waterproof layer is prevented from forming a full-band adhesive in the moisture-wicking sub-area.

[0010] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the base sealing layer is formed in segments within the junction slow-release zone, and the inter-segment continuity positions of the base sealing layer and the unit segment switching positions of the surface waterproof layer are staggered along the junction line direction.

[0011] As a further aspect of the present invention, the drainage sub-area first forms multiple branch moisture-conducting channels corresponding to each unit segment, and then, in order from farthest to near the drainage area, the unbonded side strips of each branch moisture-conducting channel away from the drainage area are bonded in sequence, so that the far-side branch moisture-conducting channel is incorporated into the branch moisture-conducting channel of the adjacent drainage area, and finally converges into a main moisture-conducting channel.

[0012] As a further aspect of the present invention, the unbonded width of each branch moisture-conducting channel in the drainage sub-area gradually decreases from the moisture-conducting sub-area towards the drainage area, and the starting positions of the bonding of adjacent branch moisture-conducting channels are staggered from each other along the moisture-conducting direction.

[0013] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the vent is located in a repairable position within the drainage area; when the surface to be constructed is a roof, the vent is located on the side of the roof's vertical enclosure facing away from external water inflow; when the surface to be constructed is a basement, the vent is located inside the basement or on an exposed repairable side, avoiding the backfill side.

[0014] As a further aspect of the present invention, when constructing the protective layer, an unsealed area is first reserved around the vent. After the protective layer is completed, the unsealed area is cleaned and the main humidification channel is connected to the vent. Then, a detachable seal is implemented to preserve the conditions for subsequent maintenance and opening.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention clearly divides the construction surface into a large-area sealing zone, a transitional release zone, and a drainage zone. Within the transitional release zone, it further forms anchoring sub-zones, moisture-guiding sub-zones, and drainage sub-zones. This establishes a continuous relationship from base layer sealing to surface water blocking to interlayer moisture guiding and finally to end-point drainage. Compared to traditional methods that only use full-area adhesion or simple loose-laying, this invention, on the one hand, utilizes the large-area sealing zone to maintain the continuity and construction efficiency of the main waterproof layer; on the other hand, in the transitional zone, where moisture retention and stress concentration are most likely to occur, the base layer sealing layer stabilizes the base layer, the surface waterproof layer blocks external liquid water, and a continuous, tortuous moisture-guiding channel is formed between the two. This design allows trapped moisture in the junction zone to be directed out along a predetermined path, while external water remains confined outside the surface waterproofing layer. Simultaneously, the anchoring and drainage zones constrain both sides of the moisture-conducting zone, preventing the surface waterproofing layer from lifting, shifting, or cracking at the junction zone due to simple adhesive reduction. The inspectable drainage outlets in the drainage zone provide a clear endpoint for moisture dissipation, allowing for subsequent inspection, unclogging, and maintenance without extensive damage to the protective or backfill layers. This solves the problems of moisture not being able to escape due to full adhesive sealing at the junction zone between the building roof and basement, and insufficient anchoring due to loose laying, which in turn leads to bulging, detachment, and water leakage along the junction zone. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the construction method of the waterproof and durable structure for building roofs and basements according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving its intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, is provided.

[0019] Please see Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a construction method for waterproof and durable structures of building roofs and basements, including the following steps: S1: Divide the surface to be constructed into a large closed area, a junction release area, and a drainage area. The junction release area is the strip-shaped area at the junction of the roof horizontal plane and the vertical enclosure, the junction of the basement vertical wall and the bottom or top slab, the area around the pipelines passing through the structure, and the sides of the construction joint or expansion joint. The drainage area is connected to the junction release area and is located on the side that does not directly contact rainwater or groundwater. S2: A continuous waterproof layer is formed in the large sealed area. In the junction slow-release area, anchoring sub-areas, moisture-guiding sub-areas, and drainage sub-areas are formed sequentially in the direction away from the large sealed area. In the three sub-areas, a base sealing layer is formed by first filling the base layer pores and then continuously applying a second coat. The surface waterproof layer is then laid by first pressing the anchoring sub-areas and drainage sub-areas together and then covering the moisture-guiding sub-areas. The moisture-guiding sub-areas are divided into several unit segments along the junction line. Odd-numbered unit segments are bonded only to the edge of the anchoring sub-area, and even-numbered unit segments are bonded only to the edge of the drainage sub-area. The unbonded edge of adjacent unit segments is replaced between segments and overlapped to connect them, forming a tortuous moisture-guiding channel between the base sealing layer and the surface waterproof layer. The drainage sub-areas connect the tortuous moisture-guiding channels by gradually reducing the width of the unbonded areas. S3; After setting up a vent in the venting area that connects to the moisture-conducting channel after the junction, construct a protective layer.

[0020] Based on the existing technology, the strip-shaped sections simultaneously serve multiple functions, including structural transitions, material overlaps, local repairs, and subsequent protective layer sealing. Compared to large areas, they are more likely to form a localized moisture-laden interface between the base sealing layer and the surface waterproofing layer. If the continuous, full-stretch coverage method used for large areas is still employed, the moisture in this moisture-laden interface will be difficult to migrate to the side not directly exposed to external water after the protective layer or backfill layer is formed. On the other hand, if the moisture is released by directly using loose-laying, simple tapering, or irregular discontinuous treatment, the stability constraint of the junction strip on the surface waterproofing layer will be weakened. Both of the above-mentioned treatment methods are prone to causing the surface waterproofing layer to bulge, detach, and shift under the influence of temperature differences, structural deformation, and water pressure, leading to water seepage along the junction. To address the problem of moisture not being able to escape due to full-sealing at the junction between the building roof and basement, and insufficient anchoring due to loose laying, which in turn causes bulging, detachment, and water seepage along the junction, this embodiment first divides the surface to be constructed into a large-area sealing zone, a junction slow-release zone, and a drainage zone. The large-area sealing zone is responsible for continuous water blocking in the main area; the junction slow-release zone is responsible for moisture conduction and anchoring coordination within the junction; and the drainage zone is responsible for moisture release and subsequent maintenance. Furthermore, in the junction slow-release zone… Within the release zone, anchoring sub-zones, moisture-guiding sub-zones, and drainage sub-zones are sequentially set away from the large-area closed zone. First, a base sealing layer is formed in the three sub-zones to seal the base layer pores and stabilize the base layer interface. Then, the surface waterproof layer is pressed and anchored in the anchoring sub-zones and drainage sub-zones, while simultaneously covering the moisture-guiding sub-zones. By bonding odd-numbered and even-numbered unit segments on opposite sidebands, a continuous, tortuous moisture-guiding channel with alternating sides is formed between the base sealing layer and the surface waterproof layer. This blocks external liquid water from entering the outside of the surface waterproof layer, while the trapped moisture inside the junction zone is directed into the drainage sub-zone along this tortuous moisture-guiding channel, and then converges to the drainage port in the drainage zone and is released to the non-water-facing side. Therefore, this design is not simply about reducing the adhesive or laying loosely at the joints, but rather about creating a continuous drainage path with an inlet, a passage, and an outlet for moisture inside the joint while maintaining stable anchorage of the junction. This solves the problems of moisture not being able to escape due to full adhesive sealing of the junction between the building roof and the basement, and insufficient anchorage due to loose laying, which in turn leads to bulging, delamination, and water seepage along the junction.

[0021] It's important to note that this solution addresses the potentially conflicting needs of blocking external liquid water and releasing trapped moisture between layers in a layered and zoned manner. The "anchoring sub-zone" is adjacent to the main sealed area and prioritizes the initial fixation of the surface waterproofing layer. The "moisture-guiding sub-zone" maintains a moisture-guiding path between layers while ensuring continuous surface coverage. The "drainage sub-zone" guides the moisture-guiding path from a dispersed state to the drainage outlet. The reason for forming the base sealing layer first is to stabilize the porous state of the base layer, preventing the moisture-guiding structure within the junction zone from directly becoming an interface for external water infiltration. The surface waterproofing layer is then formed to utilize its... The design forms a continuous water-blocking surface. In the moisture-conducting sub-zone, opposite side strips of odd and even unit segments are used for bonding to create a tortuous path extending along opposite sides, thus avoiding the formation of weakened joints that run straight through the junction. The inclusion of a collection and drainage sub-zone and a dissipation sub-zone ensures that the moisture-conducting path has a clear exit point, rather than spreading arbitrarily within the junction. The advantage of this design is that each area has a clear division of labor and cooperates with the others: the large-area closed zone ensures overall waterproof continuity, the anchoring sub-zone ensures surface stability, the moisture-conducting sub-zone provides space for moisture release between layers, the collection and drainage sub-zone is responsible for path convergence, and the dissipation sub-zone ensures final discharge and subsequent maintenance, thus forming a complete system that is feasible to construct and can function sustainably.

[0022] To verify the improvement effects of the construction method of this invention on the moisture drainage capacity of the junction, anchoring stability, and prevention of bulging, voids, and water seepage along the junction of the surface waterproofing layer, comparative tests were conducted using reinforced concrete L-shaped specimens of the same size. The L-shaped specimens were used to simulate the structural state at the junction of the horizontal plane of the building roof and the vertical cladding surface, or at the junction of the vertical wall and the basement slab. Three specimens were taken from each group, and the data in the table are the average values ​​of the three specimens. All groups of specimens used the same base layer, the same base layer sealing layer material, the same surface waterproofing material, and the same protective layer construction method. Except for the junction treatment method, all other construction conditions remained consistent.

[0023] The specimen is 1500mm long along the junction line, with a total width of 300mm in the junction slow-release zone and a width of 120mm in the drainage zone. The test group was constructed according to the method of this invention, forming an anchoring sub-zone, a moisture-guiding sub-zone, and a drainage sub-zone sequentially in the junction slow-release zone, and a maintenance-accessible drainage port was provided in the drainage zone. The moisture-guiding sub-zone is divided into several unit segments along the junction line, with unbonded edges of adjacent unit segments alternating and overlapping to form a tortuous moisture-guiding channel between the base sealing layer and the surface waterproofing layer. Control group one used conventional full-stretch continuous coverage treatment, i.e., the surface waterproofing layer was continuously pressed onto the base sealing layer at the junction, without forming a moisture-guiding channel or providing a drainage port. Control group two used conventional loose-lay or simple reduced-stretch treatment, i.e., only partial anchoring or single-sided bonding was retained at the junction, without forming an alternating moisture-guiding channel or drainage structure, and without providing a drainage port.

[0024] To ensure consistent initial conditions across groups, 50g of simulated residual water was introduced through a temporary injection port between the base sealing layer and the surface waterproof layer at the junction of each specimen. The injection port was then sealed, and the specimens were left to stand for 72 hours. For the experimental groups, water was collected and drained through a vent. After 72 hours, the residual water volume in the junction layer was measured for each group, and the drainage rate was calculated as (introduced water volume - residual water volume after 72 hours) / introduced water volume × 100%. Subsequently, each group of specimens underwent 40 temperature and humidity cycles. Each cycle included 2 hours of water exposure on the side directly receiving water, 6 hours of heat treatment at 45±2°C, 8 hours of standing at 20±2°C, and 8 hours of cooling at 10±2°C. After the cycles, the number of bulges and the percentage of detached areas were counted, and the peel strength of the anchoring strip was measured. Then, a constant water pressure of 0.15MPa was applied to the side directly receiving water for 24 hours, and the length of water seepage along the junction and the amount of seepage on the back side were observed using tracer-dyed water.

[0025] The comparison results are as follows: 72h moisture removal rate / % 20.4 46.8 84.6 Number of bulges per square meter after 40 temperature and humidity cycles 8 5 1 Percentage of vacuolated area after 40 temperature and humidity cycles / % 14.9 21.6 2.3 Anchorage strip peel strength (N / 50mm) 131 57 118 0.15MPa×24h backwater surface seepage rate / mL 92 148 6 Average water migration length of tracer staining water / mm 430 590 34 The results show that, under the same substrate, surface waterproofing material, and external water exposure conditions, although control group 1 had stronger initial adhesion, the difficulty in expelling moisture from the junction zone led to more pronounced bulging and delamination after temperature and humidity cycles, and it was also prone to forming water seepage paths along the junction zone. Although control group 2 had a certain amount of moisture release space compared to control group 1, its overall anchoring was insufficient, resulting in a larger delamination area, water seepage length, and backwater seepage. The experimental group, by setting up anchoring sub-zones, moisture-conducting sub-zones, and drainage sub-zones within the junction slow-release zone, directed the trapped moisture to be directionally discharged along predetermined tortuous moisture-conducting channels and exited through the drainage outlets in the drainage area. This significantly improved the moisture removal rate while maintaining a high peel strength of the anchoring edge. Therefore, the number of bulges, delamination area, backwater seepage, and water seepage length along the junction zone were all significantly lower than those of control group 1 and control group 2.

[0026] Furthermore, in the experimental group, the vents could still be inspected and cleared through the detachable and sealed structure of the venting area after the protective layer was completed, without extensive damage to the protective layer. In contrast, the control group, lacking a clearly defined, maintainable venting endpoint, typically required breaking open a portion of the protective layer to inspect the internal condition of the junction zone later. This demonstrates that the present invention not only balances venting and water blocking but also reduces the difficulty of later maintenance while maintaining stable anchorage of the junction zone.

[0027] Following the above embodiment's concept of forming a tortuous moisture-guiding channel in the moisture-guiding sub-area, a problem arises during actual construction: although the moisture-guiding sub-area is divided into several unit segments, the starting, ending, and construction sequence of each segment are unclear. On-site construction workers often proceed in a continuous, sequential manner, resulting in some unit segments' unbonded edges failing to smoothly connect with the preceding and following unit segments. The edge-changing relationship is interrupted at the starting or ending point, ultimately leading to a situation where, although there are cavities, they are not truly connected to the anchoring and drainage sub-areas to form a complete channel. The longer the junction and the more construction teams involved, the more likely this problem of broken circuits due to unclear segment sequence will occur. To solve this problem, in this embodiment, the moisture-guiding sub-area is clearly divided along the junction line direction into a first unit segment, several intermediate unit segments, and a final unit segment. When laying the surface waterproofing layer, that is, during construction, the odd-numbered intermediate unit segments first form a bonded edge strip on the side closest to the anchoring sub-area. Then, for the even-numbered intermediate unit segments, a bonded edge strip is formed on the side near the drainage sub-area. Next, the first unit segment is continuously pressed against the anchoring sub-area, and the last unit segment is continuously pressed against the drainage sub-area, forming an intermittent bond with alternating edges along the intersection line direction. After this treatment, the intermediate unit segments are responsible for edge alternation, the first unit segment for connection to the inlet end, and the last unit segment for connection to the outlet end. The moisture-guiding path has a clear process continuity from start to finish. Through the above segment sequence and construction order, the relatively generalized tortuous moisture-guiding channel is concretized into an operational rhythm that construction personnel can directly execute. This ensures clear boundaries for the start, edge alternation, and end of the moisture-guiding path. On the one hand, this reduces the randomness of construction caused by differences in understanding between different work teams; on the other hand, it ensures the continuous flow of the moisture-guiding channel while maintaining stable anchorage at both ends of the intersection strip. Therefore, without introducing additional complex structures, the feasibility and stability of this scheme are significantly improved.

[0028] After resolving the issue of end-to-end connection of unit segments, another problem arises: if all intermediate unit segments are of uniform length, the switching positions of the unit segments will be regularly and repeatedly distributed along the junction line. When moisture migrates between layers, it is easy to form a path that moves at an approximately uniform rhythm. Locally, stress-sensitive zones may also form along the line at the connection of adjacent unit segments. For junctions that are long or have bends, this overly regular segmentation method is not conducive to extending the moisture-conducting path, nor is it conducive to dispersing the repeated stress on the surface waterproof layer at the same rhythm position. To address the above problems, in one embodiment, intermediate unit segments are arranged alternately with long and short segments. Each short segment is located between two adjacent long segments, and the two ends of each short segment overlap with the two long segments on both sides, so that the moisture-conducting channel switches sides and extends in a staggered manner between adjacent unit segments. In this way, the switching positions are no longer arranged at equal intervals, but are staggered under the combined effect of long and short segments, overlaps and switching. During the interlayer guidance process, moisture needs to pass through segments of different lengths and switching points at different positions in sequence, and cannot form a simple and regular straight migration path. By using alternating long and short sections with overlapping sections, the tortuosity and stress dispersion of the moisture-conducting path are further enhanced. This avoids the formation of overly regular, rhythmic weak lines on the junction zone and extends the actual migration path of moisture, making the effects of moisture conduction and stabilization more balanced. This improves the durability of the entire junction slow-release zone under long-term temperature differences and structural micro-deformation conditions.

[0029] However, after establishing the staggered edge-changing path, a balance between moisture wicking and anchoring becomes necessary. If each unit segment has only one bonded edge strip, this strip must provide both initial positioning and subsequent stabilization. If the edge strip is too wide, it will significantly compress the unbonded area, obstructing the moisture wicking channel; if it is too narrow, it will be insufficient to restrict the local movement of the surface waterproofing layer during application and subsequent service. Therefore, a single-width, one-time-formed edge strip often fails to simultaneously meet both the requirements of moisture wicking space and anchoring strength. Therefore, in one embodiment, the bonded edge strip of each unit segment consists of a first-formed main adhesive strip and a second-formed supplementary adhesive strip. The main adhesive strip is located near the edge of the bonded side and is used to establish a basic fixed relationship between the surface waterproof layer and the base sealing layer. The supplementary adhesive strip is located between the main adhesive strip and the unbonded edge strip and is used to supplement the boundary constraint without destroying the moisture-conducting path. The width of the main adhesive strip is greater than the width of the supplementary adhesive strip. By refining a single edge strip into a two-level structure of main adhesive strip and supplementary adhesive strip, the same side edge strip has the dual functions of fixing first and then stabilizing. The advantage is that the main adhesive strip first ensures positioning and force, and the supplementary adhesive strip then trims and reinforces the boundary. This retains a sufficient unbonded area as a moisture-conducting space while avoiding the surface waterproof layer from lifting, shifting, or overlapping misalignment due to the edge strip being too narrow. This improves the ability of the junction release zone to take into account both moisture conduction and anchoring.

[0030] Furthermore, even after the main adhesive strip and the supplementary adhesive strip have been installed, a timing issue still exists during construction. Even if the edge strip form itself is correct, if the supplementary adhesive strip is formed too early—for example, before the adjacent unit segment has formed its opposite bonded edge strip—the unbonded path that should have been continuously alternating may be prematurely closed, ultimately leading to localized breaks, dead spaces, or even complete bonding of the entire section. In other words, a correct edge strip structure does not necessarily guarantee the formation of a moisture-conducting path; the construction sequence itself is a determining factor. To address this issue, in one embodiment, the supplementary adhesive strip must be formed only after the opposite bonded edge strip of the adjacent unit segment has been completed. In other words, the boundary is first established by the adjacent unit segments, and then the current unit segment is reinforced. This ensures that a continuous and traceable unbonded boundary path is always maintained between the current unit segment and the adjacent unit segments, preventing the moisture-conducting channel from being prematurely cut off by the bonding tape. By binding the formation sequence of the bonding tape with the bonding action on the opposite side of the adjacent unit segments, the continuity of the moisture-conducting channel is actually embedded into the construction process, rather than relying solely on the accidental formation of the final form. The advantage is that even if the on-site construction personnel work in sections, they can gradually form the structure according to the established sequence, without destroying the moisture-conducting path due to premature bonding, thereby improving the construction certainty and result consistency of this method.

[0031] Furthermore, after ensuring the continuity of the transition channels of the surface waterproofing layer, it is necessary to further address the positional coordination between the base sealing layer and the surface waterproofing layer. If the base sealing layer is formed in segments, and the continuation positions between its segments happen to coincide with the transition positions of the surface waterproofing layer unit segments in the direction of the intersection line, then a boundary zone that is approximately corresponding from the inside to the outside may be formed in the thickness direction of the intersection zone. Although this boundary zone may not directly form a through seam, it is prone to becoming a sensitive location for moisture accumulation and repeated interfacial stress under long-term humid and hot cycling. Therefore, in one embodiment, the base sealing layer in the transition and release zone is formed in segments, and the continuation positions between the segments of the base sealing layer are staggered from the transition positions of the surface waterproofing layer unit segments along the direction of the intersection line. After this treatment, the boundary of the inner layer and the transition point of the outer layer will not overlap on the same cross section, and moisture needs to bypass the boundary positions of different layers when migrating between layers, and cannot continuously accumulate along the same position. This staggered design breaks down the inner and outer boundaries of the junction zone, which not only weakens the local sensitive section caused by the overlap of inner and outer boundaries, but also further extends the actual migration path of moisture, reducing the possibility of moisture instability or leakage risk concentration caused by boundary overlap.

[0032] In addition, after the moisture-conducting path has been stably extended to the drainage sub-region, a terminal convergence problem arises. The moisture-conducting sub-region typically corresponds to multiple unit segments; therefore, the path entering the drainage sub-region is not a single path, but rather multiple dispersed branch paths. If these branch paths do not have clear confluence rules within the drainage sub-region, moisture may diffuse disorderly between branches or form locally isolated stagnation zones, causing moisture to leave the moisture-conducting sub-region but still fail to stably reach the discharge area. To address this, in one embodiment, the drainage sub-region first forms multiple branch moisture-conducting channels corresponding to each unit segment. Then, in order of increasing distance from the discharge area, the unbonded edges of each branch moisture-conducting channel on the side furthest from the discharge area are sequentially bonded, causing the distant branches to gradually merge into branches closer to the discharge area, ultimately converging into a single dominant moisture-conducting channel. In this way, the moisture that originally dispersed into the drainage sub-region is guided step-by-step to the same outlet direction, preventing it from wandering arbitrarily at the terminal. This convergence method, which proceeds from far to near and flows in parallel, avoids the formation of multiple unconnected stagnation pockets in the drainage area. On the other hand, it ensures that subsequent exhaust outlets only need to correspond to the main drainage channel, which is beneficial for construction layout and later inspection and maintenance.

[0033] Following the above embodiments, even after the convergence of the multi-branch moisture-wicking channels has been achieved, the convergence may still be too abrupt. If the unbonded width of each branch moisture-wicking channel suddenly shrinks after entering the drainage area, or if the starting positions of the bonding of adjacent branches are perfectly aligned, moisture will encounter both cross-sectional and boundary changes locally, easily leading to stagnation at the convergence turning point. Simultaneously, the surface waterproofing layer is more prone to local wrinkles or stress concentration at these locations. Based on these problems, in one embodiment, the unbonded width of each branch moisture-wicking channel within the drainage area gradually decreases from the moisture-wicking sub-area towards the drainage area, and the starting positions of the bonding of adjacent branch moisture-wicking channels are staggered along the moisture-wicking direction. With this design, the cross-sectional change of the moisture-wicking channel is completed gradually, and the convergence actions of different branches will not occur concentrated at the same location. By employing a dual approach of gradual reduction and staggered spacing, the moisture conduction and convergence process in the drainage sub-area becomes smoother. This not only reduces the possibility of sudden local obstruction of moisture but also lowers the risk of concentrated deformation of the surface waterproof layer at the same location. This makes the transition from the branch to the main channel more stable, thereby further improving the continuous working capacity of the end of the moisture desiccation system.

[0034] After the moisture has been stably contained into the main moisture channel, the final issue is the placement of the exhaust vents. If the exhaust vents are located on the side directly exposed to rainwater or groundwater, they may become new water inlets. If the exhaust vents, although connected to the main moisture channel, are located in a difficult-to-access location on the protective layer, finishing layer, or backfill side, blockages will be difficult to clean and restore later. To avoid these problems, in one embodiment, the exhaust vents are located in an accessible location within the drainage area. When the surface to be constructed is a roof, the exhaust vents are located on the side of the roof's vertical cladding facing away from external water inflow. When the surface to be constructed is a basement, the exhaust vents are located inside the basement or on an exposed, accessible side, avoiding the backfill side. With this arrangement, the exhaust vents will not be directly exposed to water for extended periods, and inspection and maintenance can be carried out later without damaging a large area of ​​the structural layer. By defining the location of the vent as described above, the venting area is further defined as a functional location with clear environmental boundaries and maintenance conditions. This reduces the risk of reverse water ingress into the vent and ensures the accessibility and recoverability of the venting system during long-term use.

[0035] Finally, after confirming that the exhaust outlet should be located in an easily accessible position, a crucial but often overlooked issue arises in the later stages of construction: finished product protection. Protective layer construction often involves covering, leveling, sealing, or finishing around the exhaust outlet. Without specific pre-planned measures, the established main moisture channel may be accidentally blocked by slurry, sealing materials, or the covering layer during the final process, rendering the aforementioned moisture guiding, drainage, and dissipation designs ineffective in the finished product state. To address this risk, in one embodiment, an unsealed area is first reserved around the exhaust outlet during protective layer construction. After the protective layer is completed, this unsealed area is cleaned up, and the main moisture channel is finally connected to the exhaust outlet. A removable seal is then implemented. In other words, the exhaust outlet is not permanently sealed off all at once before the protective layer is constructed; rather, it is sealed in an openable manner after the protective layer is completed and the channel is confirmed to be unobstructed.

[0036] By reserving unsealed areas, cleaning and connecting them in the final stage, and adopting a removable and sealed treatment, the moisture outlet is further upgraded from a theoretically existing outlet to an outlet that is still usable, openable, and inspectable in the finished product state. This can effectively prevent the moisture dissipation system from being unintentionally damaged in the final process, and preserve the operating conditions for subsequent inspection, unblocking, and maintenance, so that the entire technical solution remains a closed loop from construction to long-term use.

[0037] Working principle and usage process of this invention: The working principle of this invention lies in treating the blocking path of external liquid water and the migration path of moisture trapped inside the junction zone in a layered, zoned, and directional manner within the same construction zone. The large-area sealed zone forms the main continuous waterproof surface, undertaking the primary water-blocking function; the base sealing layer in the junction slow-release zone first seals and stabilizes the pores of the base layer, keeping it under control; the outer surface waterproof layer then forms a continuous barrier against external liquid water; and between the base sealing layer and the surface waterproof layer, a continuous, tortuous moisture-conducting channel is formed by bonding opposite side bands of odd and even unit segments, ensuring that internal moisture can only migrate between layers in a predetermined direction and cannot diffuse randomly. Subsequently, the moisture gradually converges through multiple paths in the drainage zone and is finally released through the drainage port in the drainage zone to the side that does not directly receive external water. Thus, external water is blocked outside the surface layer, and internal moisture is guided to the drainage port; both are treated separately and collaboratively within the same junction zone.

[0038] Usage Procedure: After the main structure is completed and construction conditions are met, the surface to be constructed is identified and divided into zones, clearly defining the locations of the large-area closed zone, the junction slow-release zone, and the drainage zone. Then, the base layer is repaired, forming a continuous waterproof layer in the large-area closed zone. Next, a base layer sealing layer is formed in the junction slow-release zone, and the surface waterproof layer is laid in the order of anchoring sub-zone, moisture-guiding sub-zone, and drainage sub-zone. The moisture-guiding sub-zone forms interlayer moisture-guiding paths by alternating edges of unit sections, and the drainage sub-zone converges multiple paths. Afterwards, drainage outlets are set up in the drainage zone, and the protective layer is constructed. Simultaneously, unsealed areas are reserved as needed, and the main moisture-guiding channels are opened and removably sealed. After being put into use, the outer side of the junction strip continuously serves as a water barrier. If residual moisture or subsequent moisture forms inside the junction strip, it enters the drainage zone along the predetermined moisture-guiding path and is released through the drainage outlets. During later maintenance, only the drainage outlets need to be opened at accessible locations for inspection, unblocking, or treatment; there is no need to extensively damage the protective layer or backfill layer.

[0039] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method of constructing a durable waterproofing construction for building roofs and basements, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Divide the surface to be constructed into a large closed area, a junction release area, and a drainage area. The junction release area is the strip-shaped area at the junction of the roof horizontal plane and the vertical enclosure, the junction of the basement vertical wall and the bottom or top slab, the area around the pipelines passing through the structure, and the sides of the construction joint or expansion joint. The drainage area is connected to the junction release area and is located on the side that does not directly contact rainwater or groundwater. S2: A continuous waterproof layer is formed in the large sealed area. In the junction slow-release area, anchoring sub-areas, moisture-guiding sub-areas, and drainage sub-areas are formed sequentially in the direction away from the large sealed area. In the three sub-areas, a base sealing layer is first formed by filling the base layer pores with the first coat and then continuously applying the second coat. The surface waterproof layer is then laid by pressing the anchoring sub-areas and drainage sub-areas together first and then covering the moisture-guiding sub-areas. The moisture-guiding sub-areas are divided into several unit segments along the junction line. Odd-numbered unit segments are bonded only to the edge of the anchoring sub-area, and even-numbered unit segments are bonded only to the edge of the drainage sub-area. The unbonded edge of adjacent unit segments is replaced between segments and overlapped to connect them, forming a tortuous moisture-guiding channel between the base sealing layer and the surface waterproof layer. The drainage sub-areas connect the tortuous moisture-guiding channels by gradually reducing the width of the unbonded parts. S3; After setting up a vent in the venting area that connects to the moisture-conducting channel after the junction, construct a protective layer.

2. A method of constructing a durable waterproofing construction for roofs and basements of buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The moisture-conducting sub-area is divided into a first unit segment, several intermediate unit segments, and a last unit segment along the intersection line direction. When laying the surface waterproof layer, firstly, an adhesive edge strip is formed on the side of the anchoring sub-area for the odd-numbered intermediate unit segments, and then an adhesive edge strip is formed on the side of the drain sub-area for the even-numbered intermediate unit segments. After that, the first unit segment is continuously pressed against the anchoring sub-area, and the last unit segment is continuously pressed against the drain sub-area to form an intermittent bond with alternating edges along the intersection line direction.

3. The construction method for a waterproof and durable structure for building roofs and basements according to claim 2, characterized in that, The intermediate unit segments are arranged alternately with long segments and short segments. Each short segment is located between two adjacent long segments, and the two ends of each short segment overlap with the two long segments on both sides, so that the moisture-conducting channel changes sides and extends in a staggered manner between adjacent unit segments.

4. The construction method for a waterproof and durable structure for building roofs and basements according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each unit segment has a bonded edge strip consisting of a first-formed main adhesive strip and a second-formed supplementary adhesive strip. The main adhesive strip is positioned near the edge of the bonded side of the unit segment, and the supplementary adhesive strip is located between the main adhesive strip and the unbonded edge strip. The width of the main adhesive strip is greater than the width of the supplementary adhesive strip.

5. The construction method for a waterproof and durable structure for building roofs and basements according to claim 4, characterized in that, The adhesive tape is formed after the opposite side of the adhesive tape is completed in another adjacent unit segment, so that the unbonded path of continuous changing sides is maintained between adjacent unit segments, and the surface waterproof layer is prevented from forming a full-band adhesive in the moisture-wicking sub-area.

6. The construction method for a waterproof and durable structure for building roofs and basements according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base sealing layer is formed in segments within the junction slow-release zone, and the inter-segment continuation positions of the base sealing layer and the unit segment switching positions of the surface waterproof layer are staggered along the junction line direction.

7. The construction method for a waterproof and durable structure for building roofs and basements according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drainage sub-area first forms multiple branch moisture-conducting channels corresponding to each unit segment. Then, in order from farthest to near the drainage area, the unbonded side strips of each branch moisture-conducting channel away from the drainage area are bonded in sequence, so that the far-side branch moisture-conducting channel is merged into the branch moisture-conducting channel of the adjacent drainage area, and finally converges into a main moisture-conducting channel.

8. The construction method for a waterproof and durable structure for building roofs and basements according to claim 1, characterized in that, The unbonded width of each branch moisture-conducting channel in the drainage sub-area gradually decreases from the moisture-conducting sub-area towards the drainage area, and the starting positions of the bonding of adjacent branch moisture-conducting channels are staggered from each other along the moisture-conducting direction.

9. A construction method for a waterproof and durable structure for building roofs and basements according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vent is located in an accessible position within the drainage area; when the surface to be constructed is a roof, the vent is located on the side of the roof's vertical enclosure facing away from external water inflow; when the surface to be constructed is a basement, the vent is located inside the basement or on an exposed accessible side, avoiding the backfill side.

10. A construction method for a waterproof and durable structure for building roofs and basements according to claim 9, characterized in that, When constructing the protective layer, first reserve an unsealed area around the vent. After the protective layer is completed, clean the unsealed area and connect the moisture guiding channel after the drainage area is converged with the vent. Then, implement a detachable seal to preserve the conditions for subsequent maintenance and opening.

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