Nanometer aerogel composite heat-insulation and decoration integrated panel and preparation process thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a nano-aerogel composite heat-insulation and decoration integrated plate, and relates to the technical field of integrated plates.The plate comprises, from outside to inside, a decoration surface layer, a fireproof interface layer, a nano-aerogel porous composite heat-insulation layer, a honeycomb reinforcing layer and a backing adhesive layer.The nano-aerogel porous composite heat-insulation layer is a porous heat-insulation layer containing foam pores, and the pores of the nano-aerogel porous composite heat-insulation layer are filled with or attached to a nano-aerogel composite heat-insulation material.The pore structure of a single foaming heat-insulation layer is relatively coarse, and continuous heat conduction channels are easily formed between the pore walls, resulting in unstable heat-insulation performance.The nano-aerogel heat-insulation material is combined with a porous heat-insulation structure, a honeycomb reinforcing structure, a fireproof interface structure and a backing adhesive structure, so that the plate body is not only a stack of ordinary heat-insulation materials, but a composite plate with higher integrity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of integrated panel technology, specifically to a nano-aerogel composite thermal insulation and decorative integrated panel and its preparation process. Background Technology

[0002] Integrated thermal insulation and decorative panels are commonly used in building exterior walls, roofs, or interior partition systems. They are typically composed of a decorative surface layer, an insulation layer, and a backing layer, simultaneously providing decorative, protective, and thermal insulation functions during construction. In existing integrated thermal insulation and decorative panels, the insulation layer often uses materials such as foamed cement board, foamed ceramic board, rock wool board, polystyrene board, or polyurethane board. Among these, foamed and honeycomb materials have more pores, which can reduce the overall thermal conductivity of the panel and lighten its weight, thus making them more widely used in layered insulation panels.

[0003] However, existing integrated insulation and decorative panels containing foam or honeycomb porous materials still have shortcomings. First, the pore structure of a single foam insulation layer is relatively large, easily forming continuous heat-conducting channels between the pore walls, leading to unstable insulation performance. Second, while some organic foam insulation materials have low thermal conductivity, their fire resistance is insufficient; they are prone to shrinkage, deformation, or smoke release after heating, which is detrimental to the long-term safe use of building exterior walls. Third, when using only inorganic foam materials, the panels are brittle and lack impact resistance, making them prone to edge and corner damage during transportation and installation. Fourth, the material difference between the decorative surface layer and the porous insulation layer is significant; their thermal expansion and contraction properties differ, and long-term exposure to thermal cycles, rainwater intrusion, and wind pressure can easily lead to hollowing, cracking, or delamination.

[0004] Nano-aerogel materials possess low thermal conductivity, are lightweight, and porous, making them suitable for improving the thermal insulation performance of insulation boards. However, in current applications, nano-aerogels are mostly added to the boards in the form of powder, felt, or coating. Direct incorporation of powder can lead to uneven dispersion and powder migration when the board is subjected to pressure or cut. When aerogel felt is combined with rigid decorative panels, the interfacial bonding strength is insufficient, easily resulting in delamination. Aerogel coatings have limited thickness and are insufficient to provide primary thermal insulation. Therefore, how to stably integrate nano-aerogel materials into foam or honeycomb porous layers to form a structurally stable, well-insulated, fire-resistant, and industrially suitable composite insulation and decorative integrated board is a technical problem that needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to provide a nano-aerogel composite thermal insulation and decorative integrated panel and its preparation process, which can effectively solve the problems in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A nano-aerogel composite insulation and decorative integrated panel includes, from the outside to the inside, a decorative surface layer, a fireproof interface layer, a nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer, a honeycomb reinforcement layer, and a backing adhesive layer. The nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer is a porous insulation layer containing foam pores, and the pores of the nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer are filled or attached with nano-aerogel composite insulation material. The honeycomb reinforcement layer has multiple honeycomb cells, and the honeycomb cells are filled with nano-aerogel insulation filler. The fireproof interface layer is disposed between the decorative surface layer and the nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer, and the honeycomb reinforcement layer is disposed between the nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer and the backing adhesive layer, so that the panel forms a composite layered structure that simultaneously has a foam porous heat insulation structure and a honeycomb support heat insulation structure.

[0007] Preferably, the decorative surface layer is a ceramic thin plate; a rough bonding surface is provided on the side of the decorative surface layer facing the fireproof interface layer, and the rough bonding surface is used to improve the bonding strength between the decorative surface layer and the fireproof interface layer.

[0008] Preferably, the fireproof interface layer is an inorganic fireproof mortar layer, a calcium silicate board layer, a magnesium oxide board layer, or an inorganic fiber reinforcement layer; the fireproof interface layer has an interface penetration zone on the side facing the nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer, and the interface penetration zone is formed by the bonding material of the fireproof interface layer penetrating into the surface pores of the nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer and then curing.

[0009] Preferably, the nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer includes an open-cell foam skeleton and a nano-aerogel composite insulation material distributed in the pores of the open-cell foam skeleton; the open-cell foam skeleton is a foamed ceramic skeleton, and the nano-aerogel composite insulation material is attached to the pore wall surface of the open-cell foam skeleton.

[0010] Preferably, the nano-aerogel composite insulation material includes silica aerogel particles, inorganic binder, chopped reinforcing fibers, and a water-repellent agent; the silica aerogel particles are fixed in the pores of the open-cell foam skeleton by the inorganic binder, and the chopped reinforcing fibers are dispersed in the inorganic binder to improve the crack resistance of the nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer.

[0011] Preferably, the honeycomb reinforcement layer is an aluminum honeycomb layer, a glass fiber honeycomb layer, a basalt fiber honeycomb layer, or an inorganic paper honeycomb layer; the honeycomb pores extend along the thickness direction of the board, and the nano-aerogel thermal insulation filler fills the honeycomb pores and is bonded to the nano-aerogel porous composite thermal insulation layer to form a continuous thermal insulation area.

[0012] A process for preparing a nano-aerogel composite thermal insulation and decorative integrated panel, the preparation method comprising the following steps: S1: Clean and roughen the inner surface of the decorative surface layer to form a rough bonding surface on the inner side of the decorative surface layer; S2: A fireproof interface layer is formed on the inside of the decorative surface layer to bond and fix the fireproof interface layer to the decorative surface layer. S3: Fill or impregnate the nano-aerogel composite insulation material into the pores of the open-cell foam skeleton, and form a nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer after drying and curing. S4: Fill the honeycomb pores of the honeycomb reinforcement layer with nano-aerogel thermal insulation filler; S5: The decorative surface layer, fireproof interface layer, nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer, honeycomb reinforcement layer and backing adhesive layer are sequentially stacked and pressed together. S6: After the boards are stacked and pressed, they are cured and edge-sealed to form a nano-aerogel composite thermal insulation and decorative integrated board.

[0013] Preferred method: When forming a porous composite thermal insulation layer of nano-aerogel, silica aerogel particles, inorganic binder, chopped reinforcing fibers, hydrophobic additives and water are first mixed to form a nano-aerogel slurry. Then, the nano-aerogel slurry is introduced into the pores of the open-cell foam skeleton by coating, impregnation, scraping or negative pressure suction, so that the nano-aerogel slurry adheres to the surface of the pore wall.

[0014] Preferred method: Before lamination and pressing, a first adhesive slurry is applied to the side of the fireproof interface layer facing the nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer, and a second adhesive slurry is applied to the side of the honeycomb reinforcement layer facing the nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer; during lamination and pressing, the first adhesive slurry and the second adhesive slurry respectively penetrate into the surface pores of the nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer, and form an interlayer mechanical interlocking structure after curing.

[0015] Preferred method: The lamination and pressing adopts cold pressing or hot pressing, the pressing pressure is 0.2 MPa to 1.5 MPa, and the pressing time is 10 minutes to 60 minutes; after pressing, the edges of the board are sealed so that the nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer, honeycomb reinforcement layer, honeycomb grid and nano-aerogel insulation filler are sealed between the decorative surface layer and the backing adhesive layer.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention combines nano-aerogel insulation material with a porous insulation structure, a honeycomb reinforcement structure, a fire-resistant interface structure, and a backing bonding structure, making the board not just a simple stack of ordinary insulation materials, but a more integrated composite board. This board not only provides thermal insulation but also meets the needs of fire resistance, reinforcement, decoration, and installation, resulting in more stable overall performance.

[0017] Because the combination of nano-aerogel materials and porous structures weakens the heat transfer path inside the panel, the insulation effect is more stable. At the same time, the filling of the honeycomb structure with insulation material can reduce the thermal bridging problem caused by the honeycomb reinforcement structure, so that the panel can enhance its strength without significantly reducing its insulation performance.

[0018] This invention also improves the fire safety and structural reliability of the panel. The fire-resistant interface structure reduces the direct impact of external high temperatures on the insulation layer. The honeycomb reinforcement structure improves the panel's resistance to bending, compression, and impact, reducing the possibility of cracking, corner chipping, warping, and other problems during transportation, installation, and long-term use.

[0019] Stable connections are formed between the layers through roughening treatment, slurry infiltration, overlapping and pressing, and curing, resulting in a stronger interlayer bond. This reduces delamination, cracking, and hollowing caused by thermal cycling, wind pressure vibration, and humidity changes. Sealing the edges of the panel further reduces the ingress of moisture and impurities, contributing to improved long-term durability.

[0020] The preparation process of this invention is clear and suitable for mass production in factories. Through surface treatment, material filling, interlayer lamination, pressing and curing, and edge sealing, product quality consistency can be improved, on-site construction procedures reduced, and installation efficiency increased. Therefore, this invention has the combined advantages of stable thermal insulation, good fire resistance, high strength, strong bonding, good durability, and convenient construction. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall cross-sectional structure of the present invention; In the diagram: 1. Decorative surface layer; 2. Fireproof interface layer; 3. Nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer; 4. Honeycomb reinforcement layer; 401. Honeycomb lattice; 5. Backing adhesive layer. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0023] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "front end," "rear end," "both ends," "one end," and "the other end," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0024] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "equipped with," "connected," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0025] Example Please see Figure 1 The present invention provides the following technical solution: This embodiment provides a nano-aerogel composite thermal insulation and decorative integrated panel. The panel comprises, from the outside to the inside, a decorative surface layer 1, a fireproof interface layer 2, a nano-aerogel porous composite thermal insulation layer 3, a honeycomb reinforcement layer 4, and a backing adhesive layer 5. Here, "from the outside to the inside" refers to the side of the panel furthest from the building's base wall after installation, to the side closest to the base wall. The decorative surface layer 1 is located on the outermost side and forms the decorative appearance. The backing adhesive layer 5 is located on the innermost side and is used for bonding and fixing to the building's base wall.

[0026] In this embodiment, the decorative surface layer 1 is made of a thin ceramic plate. The thickness of the ceramic plate is five millimeters. The outer side of the ceramic plate is the decorative surface, and the inner side is the bonding surface. To improve the bonding strength between the decorative surface layer 1 and the fireproof interface layer 2, the inner side of the decorative surface layer 1 is sandblasted or polished to form a rough bonding surface. A fine uneven structure is formed on the rough bonding surface. After the slurry of the fireproof interface layer 2 cures, it can be embedded in this fine uneven structure, thereby reducing the possibility of hollowing or delamination between the decorative surface layer 1 and the fireproof interface layer 2.

[0027] A fire-resistant interface layer 2 is disposed between the decorative surface layer 1 and the nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer 3. In this embodiment, the fire-resistant interface layer 2 is an inorganic fire-resistant mortar layer. The thickness of the inorganic fire-resistant mortar layer is three millimeters. The inorganic fire-resistant mortar layer can be formed by mixing silicate cement, inorganic refractory filler, redispersible latex powder, and fiber materials. The fire-resistant interface layer 2 serves two purposes: firstly, to improve the fire resistance of the side of the panel closest to the decorative surface layer 1; and secondly, to improve the interfacial bonding effect between the ceramic thin plate and the porous insulation layer.

[0028] The fire-resistant interface layer 2 has an interface penetration zone on the side facing the nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer 3. This interface penetration zone is not a separate, bonded layer, but rather formed during the composite pressing process by the adhesive material of the fire-resistant interface layer 2 penetrating into the surface pores of the nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer 3 and then curing. This creates a mechanical interlocking structure between the fire-resistant interface layer 2 and the nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer 3. This structure improves interlayer peel resistance and reduces interlayer separation during thermal cycling or transportation vibrations.

[0029] A porous nano-aerogel composite insulation layer 3 is disposed between the fireproof interface layer 2 and the honeycomb reinforcement layer 4. In this embodiment, the thickness of the porous nano-aerogel composite insulation layer 3 is 30 mm. The porous nano-aerogel composite insulation layer 3 includes an open-cell foam skeleton and nano-aerogel composite insulation material distributed within the pores of the open-cell foam skeleton. The open-cell foam skeleton is a foamed ceramic skeleton. The foamed ceramic skeleton has a large number of interconnected pores and semi-interconnected pores. It can serve as a load-bearing skeleton and also provide filling space and attachment sites for the nano-aerogel composite insulation material.

[0030] In this embodiment, the nano-aerogel composite insulation material includes silica aerogel particles, an inorganic binder, chopped reinforcing fibers, and a hydrophobic agent. The silica aerogel particles are used to reduce heat conduction. The inorganic binder is used to fix the silica aerogel particles to the pore wall surface of the open-cell foam skeleton. The chopped reinforcing fibers are dispersed in the inorganic binder to improve the crack resistance of the nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer 3. The hydrophobic agent is used to reduce the adverse effects of moisture entering the pores on the insulation performance.

[0031] After the nano-aerogel composite insulation material enters the pores of the open-cell foam skeleton, it does not need to completely block all the pores. It is mainly distributed on the pore wall surface through filling, adhesion, and local bridging. In this way, the silica aerogel particles can reduce the heat conduction within the pores, while retaining some discontinuous insulating pores. Through this structure, the nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer 3 can simultaneously possess lightweight, heat insulation, and a certain compressive strength.

[0032] A honeycomb reinforcement layer 4 is disposed between the nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer 3 and the backing adhesive layer 5. In this embodiment, the honeycomb reinforcement layer 4 is an aluminum honeycomb layer. The thickness of the honeycomb reinforcement layer 4 is ten millimeters. The honeycomb reinforcement layer 4 is provided with multiple honeycomb cells 401. The honeycomb cells 401 extend along the thickness direction of the board. The cross-section of the honeycomb cells 401 can be hexagonal or approximately hexagonal. The honeycomb reinforcement layer 4 can improve the overall bending strength and impact resistance of the board, and reduce the deformation of the board during transportation, handling and installation.

[0033] The honeycomb grid 401 is filled with nano-aerogel insulating filler. In this embodiment, the nano-aerogel insulating filler is a lightweight insulating slurry containing silica aerogel particles. After this lightweight insulating slurry is filled into the honeycomb grid 401, it can reduce the possibility of thermal bridging in the honeycomb reinforcement layer 4 region. The nano-aerogel insulating filler is bonded to the nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer 3, forming a continuous thermal insulation region inside the board. This avoids the honeycomb reinforcement layer 4 only serving a reinforcing function and weakening the thermal insulation performance.

[0034] The backing adhesive layer 5 is disposed inside the honeycomb reinforcement layer 4. In this embodiment, the backing adhesive layer 5 is a polymer-modified mortar layer with alkali-resistant mesh. The thickness of the backing adhesive layer 5 is four millimeters. The alkali-resistant mesh is embedded in the polymer-modified mortar layer to improve the crack resistance of the backing adhesive layer 5. The side of the backing adhesive layer 5 facing the building base wall can be formed with a rough surface to facilitate subsequent fixation to the wall base by adhesive mortar.

[0035] This embodiment also provides the preparation process of the above-mentioned nano-aerogel composite thermal insulation and decorative integrated panel.

[0036] S1: Clean and roughen the inner surface of decorative layer 1. First, remove loose dust, oil, and particles from the inner surface of decorative layer 1. Then, create a rough bonding surface by grinding, sandblasting, or roughening. After processing, keep the inner surface of decorative layer 1 dry and clean.

[0037] S2: A fire-resistant interface layer 2 is formed on the inner side of the decorative surface layer 1. Inorganic fire-resistant mortar is evenly applied to the rough bonding surface of the decorative surface layer 1. The coating thickness is three millimeters. After coating, preliminary leveling is performed to bond and fix the fire-resistant interface layer 2 to the decorative surface layer 1. Before the fire-resistant interface layer 2 is fully hardened, it can be kept in a certain moist state to facilitate subsequent bonding with the nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer 3.

[0038] S3: Preparation of a porous composite thermal insulation layer using nano-aerogel 3. First, silica aerogel particles, inorganic binder, chopped reinforcing fibers, hydrophobic additive, and water are mixed to form a nano-aerogel slurry. During mixing, the inorganic binder is first stirred evenly with water, then the chopped reinforcing fibers and hydrophobic additive are added, and finally the silica aerogel particles are added and stirred at low speed. This reduces the damage to the silica aerogel particles and improves their dispersion uniformity.

[0039] Subsequently, the nano-aerogel slurry is coated, impregnated, scraped, or vacuum-absorbed into the pores of the foamed ceramic skeleton. To ensure the slurry enters the pores, scraping pressure can be applied to one side of the foamed ceramic skeleton, or negative pressure adsorption can be applied to the other side. After entering the pores, the slurry adheres to the pore wall surface. It is then pre-dried at 40°C to 80°C and cured at room temperature to form a nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer 3.

[0040] S4: Fill the honeycomb cells 401 of the honeycomb reinforcement layer 4 with nano-aerogel insulation filler. First, lay the honeycomb reinforcement layer 4 flat, then scrape the lightweight insulation slurry containing silica aerogel particles into the honeycomb cells 401. During filling, ensure that the nano-aerogel insulation filler basically fills the honeycomb cells 401. Then, scrape off the excess slurry on the surface of the honeycomb reinforcement layer 4 to make the surface of the honeycomb reinforcement layer 4 smooth, which is convenient for subsequent stacking and pressing.

[0041] S5: The decorative surface layer 1, fireproof interface layer 2, nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer 3, honeycomb reinforcement layer 4, and backing adhesive layer 5 are sequentially stacked and pressed. Before stacking and pressing, a first adhesive slurry is applied to the side of the fireproof interface layer 2 facing the nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer 3. A second adhesive slurry is applied to the side of the honeycomb reinforcement layer 4 facing the nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer 3. Both the first and second adhesive slurries can be inorganic adhesive slurries or polymer-modified inorganic adhesive slurries.

[0042] During lamination, the fireproof interface layer 2 is bonded to the outer side of the nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer 3, and the honeycomb reinforcement layer 4 is bonded to the inner side of the nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer 3. A backing adhesive layer 5 is then formed on the inner side of the honeycomb reinforcement layer 4. After lamination, pressing is performed. Pressing can be done by cold pressing or hot pressing. The pressing pressure is 0.2 MPa to 1.5 MPa. The pressing time is 10 to 60 minutes. During the pressing process, the first and second adhesive slurries penetrate into the surface pores of the nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer 3, respectively, and after curing, form an interlayer mechanical interlocking structure.

[0043] S6: Curing and edge-sealing are performed on the laminated and pressed panels. During curing, the panels should be kept flat to prevent warping before complete curing. After curing, the edges of the panels are trimmed and sealed. Edge-sealing materials can include inorganic waterproof mortar, weather-resistant sealant, or polymer-modified edge-sealing slurry. After edge sealing, the nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer 3, honeycomb reinforcement layer 4, honeycomb pores 401, and nano-aerogel insulation filler are sealed between the decorative surface layer 1 and the backing adhesive layer 5.

[0044] The nano-aerogel composite insulation and decorative integrated panel, manufactured using the above structure and process, has a decorative and protective surface formed by a ceramic thin plate on the outer side, a main heat insulation area formed by a nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer 3 in the middle, and a supporting and reinforcing structure formed by a honeycomb reinforcement layer 4 on the inner side. Filling the honeycomb cells 401 with nano-aerogel insulation filler reduces thermal bridging in the honeycomb reinforcement layer 4 area. A fire-resistant interface layer 2 is placed between the decorative surface layer 1 and the nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer 3, improving the fire safety of the outer side of the panel. The backing adhesive layer 5 facilitates the bonding of the panel to the building's base wall. Overall, this panel combines decorative, insulation, fireproofing, lightweight, and structural reinforcement effects.

[0045] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A nano-aerogel composite thermal insulation and decorative integrated panel, comprising, from the outside to the inside, a decorative surface layer (1), a fireproof interface layer (2), a nano-aerogel porous composite thermal insulation layer (3), a honeycomb reinforcement layer (4), and a backing adhesive layer (5), characterized in that: The nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer (3) is a porous insulation layer containing foam pores. The pores of the nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer (3) are filled or attached with nano-aerogel composite insulation material. The honeycomb reinforcement layer (4) is provided with multiple honeycomb cells (401). The honeycomb cells (401) are filled with nano-aerogel insulation filler. The fireproof interface layer (2) is disposed between the decorative surface layer (1) and the nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer (3). The honeycomb reinforcement layer (4) is disposed between the nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer (3) and the backing adhesive layer (5), so that the board body forms a composite layered structure that simultaneously has a foam porous insulation structure and a honeycomb support insulation structure.

2. The nano-aerogel composite thermal insulation and decorative integrated panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The decorative surface layer (1) is a ceramic thin plate; a rough bonding surface is provided on the side of the decorative surface layer (1) facing the fireproof interface layer (2), and the rough bonding surface is used to improve the bonding strength between the decorative surface layer (1) and the fireproof interface layer (2).

3. The nano-aerogel composite thermal insulation and decorative integrated panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fireproof interface layer (2) is an inorganic fireproof mortar layer, a calcium silicate board layer, a magnesium oxide board layer, or an inorganic fiber reinforcement layer; the fireproof interface layer (2) has an interface penetration area on the side facing the nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer (3), and the interface penetration area is formed by the bonding material of the fireproof interface layer (2) penetrating into the surface pores of the nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer (3) and then curing.

4. The nano-aerogel composite thermal insulation and decorative integrated panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer (3) includes an open-cell foam skeleton and a nano-aerogel composite insulation material distributed in the pores of the open-cell foam skeleton; the open-cell foam skeleton is a foamed ceramic skeleton, and the nano-aerogel composite insulation material is attached to the pore wall surface of the open-cell foam skeleton.

5. The nano-aerogel composite thermal insulation and decorative integrated panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nano-aerogel composite insulation material includes silica aerogel particles, inorganic binder, chopped reinforcing fibers and hydrophobic additives; the silica aerogel particles are fixed in the pores of the open-cell foam skeleton by the inorganic binder, and the chopped reinforcing fibers are dispersed in the inorganic binder to improve the crack resistance of the nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer (3).

6. The nano-aerogel composite thermal insulation and decorative integrated panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The honeycomb reinforcement layer (4) is an aluminum honeycomb layer, a glass fiber honeycomb layer, a basalt fiber honeycomb layer or an inorganic paper honeycomb layer; the honeycomb pores (401) extend along the thickness direction of the plate, and the nano aerogel insulation filler is filled in the honeycomb pores (401) and is bonded to the nano aerogel porous composite insulation layer (3) to form a continuous heat insulation area.

7. A process for preparing a nano-aerogel composite thermal insulation and decorative integrated panel, characterized in that: The method for preparing the nano-aerogel composite thermal insulation and decorative integrated panel according to any one of claims 1 to 6 comprises the following steps: S1: Clean and roughen the inner surface of the decorative surface layer (1) to form a rough bonding surface on the inner side of the decorative surface layer (1); S2: A fireproof interface layer (2) is formed on the inner side of the decorative surface layer (1) so that the fireproof interface layer (2) is bonded and fixed to the decorative surface layer (1); S3: Fill or impregnate the nano-aerogel composite insulation material into the pores of the open-cell foam skeleton, and form a nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer after drying and curing (3). S4: Fill the honeycomb pores (401) of the honeycomb reinforcement layer (4) with nano-aerogel thermal insulation filler; S5: The decorative surface layer (1), fireproof interface layer (2), nano aerogel porous composite insulation layer (3), honeycomb reinforcement layer (4) and backing adhesive layer (5) are stacked and pressed in sequence; S6: After the boards are stacked and pressed, they are cured and edge-sealed to form a nano-aerogel composite thermal insulation and decorative integrated board.

8. The preparation process of the nano-aerogel composite thermal insulation and decorative integrated panel according to claim 7, characterized in that: When forming a porous composite thermal insulation layer (3) of nano-aerogel, silica aerogel particles, inorganic binder, short-cut reinforcing fiber, hydrophobic additive and water are first mixed into nano-aerogel slurry. Then, the nano-aerogel slurry is introduced into the pores of the open foam skeleton by coating, impregnation, scraping or negative pressure suction, so that the nano-aerogel slurry adheres to the surface of the pore wall.

9. The preparation process of the nano-aerogel composite thermal insulation and decorative integrated panel according to claim 7, characterized in that: Before lamination and pressing, a first adhesive slurry is applied to the side of the fireproof interface layer (2) facing the nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer (3), and a second adhesive slurry is applied to the side of the honeycomb reinforcement layer (4) facing the nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer (3). During lamination and pressing, the first adhesive slurry and the second adhesive slurry penetrate into the surface pores of the nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer (3) respectively, and form an interlayer mechanical interlocking structure after curing.

10. The preparation process of the nano-aerogel composite thermal insulation and decorative integrated panel according to claim 7, characterized in that: The overlapping and pressing is carried out by cold pressing or hot pressing, with a pressing pressure of 0.2 MPa to 1.5 MPa and a pressing time of 10 to 60 minutes. After pressing, the edges of the board are sealed so that the nano-aerogel porous composite insulation layer (3), honeycomb reinforcement layer (4), honeycomb pores (401) and nano-aerogel insulation filler are sealed between the decorative surface layer (1) and the backing adhesive layer (5).

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