A single-side formwork construction system and method for an outer wall of a subway basement

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of building engineering, and provides a single-side formwork supporting construction system for a subway basement outer wall, which comprises a modular support unit, adopts a triangular stress structure, and comprises standard sections and height-increased sections; the standard sections and the height-increased sections are connected through connecting pieces, the length of the height-increased sections is different, the height-increased sections and the standard sections are combined through the height-increased sections with different lengths, and different wall body heights are adapted; a ground anchor fixing unit comprises embedded anchor bolts, connecting nuts, outer connecting rods and wing nuts, the anchor bolts are welded to the bottom plate or the floor steel bars, and the outer connecting rods are connected to the support unit in an inclined manner; a formwork reinforcing unit comprises a panel, vertical ribs and horizontal ribs; the vertical ribs are connected to the panel and provide stress; the horizontal ribs are connected to the support unit and form a reinforcing structure. The application has the effect of improving the stability and bearing capacity of the formwork supporting system. In addition, a construction method for single-side formwork supporting of a subway basement outer wall is provided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of building engineering technology, and in particular to a single-sided formwork construction system and construction method for the exterior wall of a subway basement. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of urban rail transit, more and more construction projects are being built adjacent to subway lines. The construction of basement exterior walls in these projects often faces the technical challenge of the short distance between the foundation pit edge and the exterior wall, making double-sided formwork impossible. Traditional single-sided formwork systems often use temporary steel pipe supports, which suffer from poor stability, insufficient adaptability, and difficulty in reinforcement. Furthermore, construction near subway lines demands extremely high safety control; deformation of the supports and disturbance during concrete pouring can all affect the safe operation of the subway.

[0003] In existing technologies, single-sided formwork systems are mostly designed for conventional buildings and lack specific optimization for subway-adjacent scenarios, resulting in many defects. General supports are mostly integral structures that cannot be flexibly adjusted according to different wall heights, making them poorly adaptable to walls of varying heights. Furthermore, the reliability of the ground anchor fixing system is insufficient, with large deviations in the pre-embedded positions, making it difficult to effectively resist the lateral pressure of concrete and the buoyancy of the support. At the same time, the rigidity of the formwork reinforcement system is insufficient, which can easily lead to poor wall forming quality. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a single-sided formwork construction system and method for the exterior wall of a subway basement.

[0005] This application provides a single-sided formwork construction system and method for the exterior wall of a subway basement, which adopts the following technical solution: A single-sided formwork construction system for the exterior wall of a subway basement includes modular support units with a triangular load-bearing structure. The support unit comprises standard sections and extended sections. The standard sections and extended sections are connected by connectors, and the extended sections have different lengths. By combining extended sections of different lengths with standard sections, different wall heights can be accommodated. A ground anchor unit includes anchor bolts, connecting nuts, external connecting rods, and wing nuts. The anchor bolts are welded to the bottom plate or floor slab reinforcement, and the external connecting rods are diagonally connected to the support unit. A formwork reinforcement unit includes a panel, vertical ribs, and horizontal ribs. The vertical ribs are connected to the panel to provide load-bearing capacity, and the horizontal ribs are connected to the support unit to form a reinforcement structure. Safety protection components include a cantilever frame, an operating platform, a safety net, and warning signs. The cantilever frame is connected to the support unit, the operating platform is located above the support unit, the safety net is placed below the opening, and warning signs are placed at the construction site.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solution, this application uses a modular support design. By combining standard sections and height-increasing sections, it adapts to the needs of variable-height walls, solving the problem of insufficient adaptability of traditional supports. In addition, the support adopts a triangular force-bearing structure with a horizontal spacing of 600mm, forming a reliable constraint with the ground anchor fixing unit, thereby improving the stability and load-bearing capacity of the formwork system.

[0007] Optionally, the triangular load-bearing structure of the support unit is composed of standard sections and height-increasing sections in the vertical direction, and standard sections or standard sections plus height-increasing sections in the inclined direction. It is fixed by bolts, and after installation, steel pipes are set to connect the triangular load-bearing structure into a whole.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, a reliable constraint is formed between the triangular force-bearing structure and the ground anchor fixing unit, thereby improving the stability and load-bearing capacity of the formwork support system.

[0009] Optionally, the modular support unit also includes a rear adjustable lead screw leg.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the rear adjustable lead screw leg abuts against the triangular force-bearing structure and distributes the force to the ground, thereby improving the stability of the overall formwork support system.

[0011] Optionally, when encountering an opening, an I-beam can be added below the legs of the modular support unit to span the opening.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the compressive strength at the opening is improved by using I-beams to ensure the stability of the overall formwork and support.

[0013] Optionally, a pressure beam is provided at the included angle of the triangular load-bearing structure of the support unit, and the pressure beam is made of channel steel.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solutions, channel steel has load-bearing and bending resistance capabilities, and can provide stable structural support.

[0015] Optionally, the template reinforcement unit also includes hook bolts and washers; the hook bolts pass through the washers and connect to the panel.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the template and the support are stably connected by hook bolts and washers.

[0017] Optionally, the threaded ends of the anchor bolts are wrapped with plastic sheeting.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, plastic sheeting is used to provide protection or safeguard for the threaded ends, wrapping and binding the threaded ends to ensure stable protection.

[0019] A construction method for single-sided formwork of the exterior wall of a subway basement, applied to a single-sided formwork construction system for the exterior wall of a subway basement, includes the following steps: S1: Construction preparation, based on engineering geological conditions, subway safety requirements and wall structure parameters, to prepare a special construction plan; S2: Basement exterior wall waterproofing construction, including base treatment, waterproof membrane laying and joint sealing according to the waterproofing plan; S3: Installation of ground anchor system. Before pouring the floor slab or foundation, lay out the positioning line at a spacing of ≤300mm, weld the anchor bolts to the steel bars, and ensure that the threaded ends are exposed and protected. S4: Template system installation, assemble the templates according to the design dimensions, fix the vertical and horizontal ribs, and control the deviation of the template axis position within 5mm; S5: Modular bracket installation, standard sections and heightening sections are combined according to the wall height, and the bracket units are connected and fixed to the ground anchor system. The horizontal spacing of the brackets is 600mm. After installation, the units are connected into a whole with steel pipes. The verticality of the bracket is checked to be ≤L / 500. S6: Concrete pouring shall be carried out in layers with a layer thickness of ≤500mm and a pouring speed of ≤2.0m / h. A 5-10cm thick layer of cement mortar of the same strength shall be laid at the bottom, and a second troweling shall be performed after the pouring is completed. S7: Concrete curing; S8: Removal of templates and supports.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solutions and construction methods, the stable installation of the formwork system can be achieved.

[0021] Optionally, in step S1, the construction plan may also include a zoned construction schedule.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solutions, multiple areas can be used for zoned construction and turnover, thereby accelerating the construction and turnover progress.

[0023] Optionally, step S1 also includes setting risk detection points to monitor the settlement, displacement, and deformation of the subway structure in real time during the construction process of steps S2-S8.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solutions and setting up risk detection points to monitor various data of the support structure, risks can be prevented and construction safety can be improved.

[0025] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. This application adopts a modular support design, which adapts to the needs of variable height walls by combining standard sections and height-increasing sections, thus solving the problem of insufficient adaptability of traditional supports. In addition, the support adopts a triangular force-bearing structure with a horizontal spacing of 600mm, which forms a reliable constraint with the ground anchor fixing unit, thereby improving the stability and load-bearing capacity of the formwork system. 2. The rear adjusting screw support leg abuts against the triangular force-bearing structure and distributes the force to the ground, thereby improving the stability of the overall formwork support system; 3. Improve the compressive strength at the opening by using I-beams to ensure the stability of the overall formwork and support. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the first construction structure of the support system in some embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This application Figure 1 A magnified structural diagram of A in the middle; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the connector in some embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a second construction structure of the support system in some embodiments of this application; The labels in the attached diagram are as follows: 1. Modular support unit; 11. Standard section; 12. Heightening section; 13. Connector; 131. Threaded disc; 132. Abutment disc; 14. Rear adjusting screw leg; 15. I-beam; 2. Ground anchor fixing unit; 21. Anchor bolt; 22. Connecting nut; 23. External connecting rod; 24. Wing nut; 25. Washer; 26. Pressure beam; 3. Template reinforcement unit; 31. Panel; 32. Vertical rib; 33. Horizontal rib; 34. Hook bolt; 4. Safety protection component; 41. Cantilever. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation methods of this application. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this application from the information disclosed herein. This application can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this application can be modified or changed according to different viewpoints and application systems without departing from the spirit of this application. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other.

[0028] The embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can easily implement the application. This application may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein.

[0029] In this application, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics represented in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics represented may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate different embodiments or examples represented in this application, as well as features of different embodiments or examples.

[0030] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used only to indicate an objective and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the representation of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0031] Throughout this specification, when it is said that a device is "connected" to another device, this includes not only "direct connection" but also "indirect connection" by placing other components in between. Furthermore, when it is said that a device "comprises" a certain constituent element, unless otherwise stated otherwise, this does not exclude other constituent elements, but rather implies that other constituent elements may be included.

[0032] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 4 This application will be described in further detail below.

[0033] This application discloses a single-sided formwork construction system and method for the exterior wall of a subway basement.

[0034] A single-sided formwork construction system for the exterior wall of a subway basement, referenced Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the system includes a modular support unit 1 with a triangular load-bearing structure. The support unit includes a standard section 11, an extension section 12, and a connector 13. The standard section 11 and the extension section 12 are connected by the connector 13. The extension sections 12 have different lengths. By combining extension sections 12 of different lengths with the standard section 11, different wall heights can be accommodated. The standard section 11 is 3600mm high, and the extension sections 12 are available in two specifications: 500mm and 1600mm. They can be combined to form four heights: 3.6m, 4.1m, 5.2m, and 5.7m. Other specifications of extension sections 12 can also be set according to actual needs to accommodate different wall height requirements. The horizontal spacing of the support is set to 600mm, and they are connected by M20×50 high-strength bolts. After installation, they are connected into a whole with steel pipes to improve the overall integrity and stability of the system.

[0035] The ground anchor fixing unit 2 includes D25L=650 anchor bolts 21, connecting nuts 22, D20 external connecting rods 23 and wing nuts 24. The anchor bolts 21 are pre-embedded at intervals of ≤300mm and welded to the bottom plate or floor slab reinforcement to ensure that no displacement occurs during concrete pouring. The external connecting rods 23 are obliquely connected to the support unit to form horizontal and vertical bidirectional constraints, effectively resisting the lateral displacement and buoyancy of the support.

[0036] The template reinforcement unit 3 includes a panel 31, vertical ribs 32, and horizontal ribs. The vertical ribs 32 are connected to the panel 31 to provide force. The panel 31 is made of 14mm thick plywood, which has the characteristics of high strength and flat surface. The vertical ribs 32 are made of 40mm×40mm×3mm square steel or 40mm×90mm timber, with a horizontal spacing of 200mm to ensure that the panel 31 is subjected to uniform force.

[0037] The transverse rib 33 is connected to the support unit. The transverse rib is made of double 48mm×3mm steel pipes with a maximum spacing of 600mm. It is connected to the support unit through fasteners to form a multi-layer reinforcement structure.

[0038] The templates are connected by wooden beams to ensure tight joints and prevent grout leakage.

[0039] Safety protection component 4 includes a cantilever frame 41, an operating platform, a safety net, and warning signs; the cantilever frame 41 is fixedly connected to the support unit, the operating platform is set above the support unit, and the operating platform is covered with steel bamboo mats to provide a safe working space for construction workers.

[0040] Safety nets are installed below the opening, specifically two horizontal bars below the opening, to prevent objects from falling from height.

[0041] Warning signs should be placed at the construction site, and the warning signs should be clearly visible and marked to demarcate restricted areas and ensure construction safety.

[0042] This application adopts a modular support design, which combines standard section 11 and heightening section 12 to adapt to the needs of variable height walls ranging from 3.43m to 6.363m, solving the problem of insufficient adaptability of traditional supports. In addition, the support adopts a triangular force-bearing structure with a horizontal spacing of 600mm, forming a reliable constraint with the ground anchor fixing unit 2, thereby improving the stability and load-bearing capacity of the formwork system.

[0043] Among them, reference Figure 3As shown, the connector 13 can be a threaded disc 131 and an abutment disc 132. The standard section 11 can be a cylindrical structure, and the extension section 12 can be a rod structure. The inner diameter of the standard section 11 is larger than the outer diameter of the extension section 12. The inner wall of the standard section 11 can be threaded with internal threads, and the outer wall of the extension section 12 can be threaded with external threads, so that the extension section 12 is screwed to the standard section 11. The abutment disc 132 is located at the top of the standard section 11. The threaded disc 131 has a through-hole, and the through-hole has internal threads. The threaded disc 131 can be screwed to the extension section 12. Since the extension section 12 is screwed to the standard section 11, it can extend and retract along the standard section 11 by rotation, thereby adapting to different wall heights.

[0044] The threaded disc 131 moves along the extension section 12 by rotation. Once the position of the extension section 12 is determined, the threaded disc 131 rotates to the abutment disc 132 and comes into contact with it. This allows the extension section 12 to transfer the force to the standard section 11 through the threads, or to the abutment disc 132 through the threaded disc 131, providing multi-point support and increasing the load-bearing capacity of the extension section 12. At the same time, when the extension section 12 is bent under stress, the connection point between the extension section 12 and the standard section 11, through the additional support points of the threaded disc 131 and the abutment disc 132, provides an anti-bending effect, ensuring the stable connection between the extension section 12 and the standard section 11 and preventing bending and collapse under stress.

[0045] Both the threaded disc 131 and the abutment disc 132 can have several insertion holes. After the threaded disc 131 and the abutment disc 132 abut together, they are rotated to align according to the position of the insertion holes. Then, bolts are inserted and tightened with nuts at the through-holes. This makes the threaded disc 131 fixed by the bolts and nuts and unable to rotate. The heightening section 12 is also fixed by the threaded disc 131 and cannot rotate along the standard section 11, thereby further improving the connection stability between the heightening section 12 and the standard section 11.

[0046] Further reference Figure 1 As shown, the triangular load-bearing structure of the support unit is composed of a standard section 11 and an extension section 12 connected in the vertical direction. For example, according to the wall height, the standard section 11 is 3600mm, and the extension section 12 is available in two specifications: 500mm and 1600mm. They can be combined to form four heights: 3.6m, 4.1m, 5.2m, and 5.7m, to meet the needs of variable height walls ranging from 3.43m to 6.363m. After the standard section 11 and the extension section 12 are superimposed to adapt to the wall height, they are set in the vertical direction along the wall surface to form the vertical side of the triangular load-bearing structure.

[0047] The inclined direction, i.e. the hypotenuse of the triangular load-bearing structure, is composed of standard section 11. If the wall height is too high, an extension section 12 can be set on the standard section 11 of the hypotenuse to ensure the length of the hypotenuse. It is fixed by high-strength bolts. After installation, a steel pipe is set on the bottom side of the triangular load-bearing structure to connect the bottom of the vertical side with the bottom of the hypotenuse, thus forming a complete triangular load-bearing structure.

[0048] The triangular force-bearing structure and the ground anchor fixing unit 2 form a reliable constraint, which improves the stability and load-bearing capacity of the formwork support system.

[0049] The standard section 11 of the hypotenuse can also be connected to the connector 13 to improve the stability of the hypotenuse.

[0050] Furthermore, refer to Figure 4 As shown, the modular support unit 1 also includes a rear adjustable screw support leg 14. The rear adjustable screw support leg 14 can have a specification of T42=360. The rear adjustable screw support leg 14 is connected to the triangular load-bearing structure by high-strength bolts or nuts, specifically at the end of the connection between the hypotenuse and the steel pipe. After connection, it is installed on the ground so that when the triangular load-bearing structure is subjected to force, and the force direction is towards the rear adjustable screw support leg 14, the rear adjustable screw support leg 14 will abut against the triangular load-bearing structure and distribute the force to the ground, thereby improving the stability of the overall formwork system.

[0051] Further, refer to Figure 4 As shown, when encountering an opening, a support leg is provided below the support unit, and an I-beam 15 is added below the support leg to span the opening. The I-beam 15 improves the compressive strength at the opening to ensure the stability of the overall template and support.

[0052] Among them, I-beam 15 has load-bearing and bending resistance, and can provide structural stability support.

[0053] Among them, a pressure beam 26 is provided at the included angle of the triangular load-bearing structure of the support unit, and the pressure beam 26 is made of channel steel. Channel steel has load-bearing and bending resistance, which can provide structural stability support and ensure the stability of the included angle of the triangular load-bearing structure of the support unit.

[0054] Furthermore, refer to Figure 1 or Figure 4 As shown, the template reinforcement unit 3 also includes a hook bolt 34 and a washer 25; the hook bolt 34 has a specification of D15L=260, the hook bolt 34 passes through the washer 25 and is connected to the panel 31, and the hook part at the other end can hook the transverse rib 33, so that the template and the support are stably connected by the hook bolt 34.

[0055] Furthermore, the threaded end of the anchor bolt 21 is wrapped with plastic sheeting to provide protection for the threaded end. Alternatively, materials such as tape can be used to wrap and secure the threaded end. This thread protection measure can prevent concrete contamination and ensure the reliability of the connection.

[0056] This application also provides a construction method for single-sided formwork of the exterior wall of a subway basement, applied to the single-sided formwork construction system for the exterior wall of a subway basement in the above embodiments, including the following steps: S1: Construction preparation. Based on the engineering geological conditions, subway safety requirements and wall structure parameters, a special construction plan is prepared, and personnel training and technical briefings are organized. Only those who pass the assessment can start work. After the incoming materials are inspected and qualified, they are stacked in categories. The main materials such as steel pipes, fasteners, and formwork are sampled and tested to ensure they pass the test. Timber and formwork need to be selected and processed. Unqualified materials are strictly prohibited from entering the site.

[0057] S2: Basement exterior wall waterproofing construction, complete the base treatment, waterproof membrane laying and joint sealing according to the waterproofing plan; repair and level the support structure surface, brush on 1.5mm thick polymer cement waterproof coating, lay 1.7mm thick pre-laid polymer self-adhesive waterproof membrane (non-asphalt based), strengthen the treatment of internal and external corners, construction joints and other joints to ensure waterproofing effect and avoid later leakage.

[0058] S3: Installation of ground anchor system. After the floor slab or foundation reinforcement is tied, before the floor slab or foundation is poured, pre-embed anchor bolts 21 according to the layout position, with a spacing of ≤300mm. Lay out the position, and spot weld the anchor bolts 21 to the reinforcement at the intersection of the two layers of horizontal reinforcement to ensure accurate pre-embedded position. The threaded end is exposed and wrapped with plastic sheeting for protection. S4: Template system installation. The template is processed in the woodworking workshop according to the design dimensions. The template is cut according to the marked lines and marked with numbers. The panels 31 are assembled on site. The vertical ribs 32 and horizontal ribs 33 are fixed. The position and verticality of the panels 31 are adjusted. The deviation of the axis position is controlled within 5mm. The surface flatness deviation is ≤5mm. The height difference between adjacent panels 31 is ≤2mm. Ensure that the joints of the panels 31 are tight and the surface is flat. The deviation of the axis position of the panels 31 is controlled within 5mm.

[0059] S5: Modular bracket installation. According to the wall height, combine standard section 11 and heightening section 12 to connect and fix the bracket unit to the ground anchor system. The horizontal spacing of the bracket is 600mm. At the opening, I-beams 15 are installed under the bracket legs. After installation, the units are connected into a whole with steel pipes. The verticality of the bracket is checked to be ≤L / 500. S6: Concrete pouring. Pour cast-in-place self-waterproof reinforced concrete sidewalls (mixed with crystalline dense self-healing waterproof material, dosage 3.0kg / m3). Use a layered pouring method, with a layer thickness ≤500mm and a pouring speed ≤2.0m / h. Before pouring, lay a 5-10cm thick layer of cement mortar of the same strength at the bottom to avoid honeycomb. Use an immersion vibrator for compaction, with a vibration time of 20-30 seconds, ensuring quick insertion and slow withdrawal to ensure compaction. After pouring, perform secondary troweling in a timely manner to prevent surface shrinkage cracks.

[0060] S7: Concrete curing. Curing shall begin 12 hours after pouring and shall last for no less than 7 days. In summer, a film-based moisture-retaining curing method shall be used, and in winter, a thermal insulation felt covering method shall be used to ensure normal strength growth of the concrete.

[0061] S8: Formwork and supports shall be dismantled after the concrete has reached the specified strength, in the order of "first the diagonal bracing, then the back bracing, and finally the formwork". Warning lines shall be set up during the dismantling process and a dedicated person shall supervise the process. The dismantled components shall be hoisted to the designated site in a timely manner, cleaned and repaired, and reused. Damaged parts of the formwork shall be repaired or replaced, and a release agent shall be applied before reuse.

[0062] Furthermore, in step S1, the construction plan also includes a zoned construction plan, which divides the construction area into multiple zones and uses these zones for zoned construction and turnover, thereby accelerating the construction and turnover progress.

[0063] If the area is divided into Zone 2, Zone 3, and Zone 4, and if there are multiple layers, then further divided into Layer 1, Layer 2, etc., taking a four-zone, two-layer structure as an example, the single-sided formwork turnover sequence is as follows: each block in Zones 2, 3, and 4 moves from Layer 2 to Layer 1 of its own block, and each block from Layer 1 moves to Layer 2 of the next block. That is: Zone 2-2F → Zone 2-1F → Zone 3-2F → Zone 3-1F → Connecting point A → Connecting point B → Zone 4-2F → Zone 4-1F. The dismantled supports and formwork are then transferred to the next construction area, and the above steps are repeated for construction. Through this turnover sequence, zoned turnover can be achieved, improving turnover efficiency.

[0064] -2F means negative 2nd floor, and -1F means negative 1st floor.

[0065] Furthermore, step S1 also includes setting up risk detection points to monitor the settlement, displacement, and deformation of the subway structure of the support during the construction process of steps 2-8 in real time. When the monitoring data exceeds the warning value, construction is stopped immediately and emergency reinforcement measures are taken to prevent danger and improve construction safety.

[0066] The embodiments described in this specific implementation are preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Identical components are represented by the same reference numerals. Therefore, all equivalent changes made to the structure, shape, and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A single-sided formwork construction system for the exterior wall of a subway basement, characterized in that, The system includes a modular support unit (1) with a triangular load-bearing structure. The support unit includes a standard section (11) and an extension section (12). The standard section (11) and the extension section (12) are connected by connectors (13). The extension sections (12) have different lengths. By combining extension sections (12) of different lengths with the standard section (11), the system can adapt to different wall heights. The ground anchor fixing unit (2) includes anchor bolts (21), connecting nuts (22), external connecting rods (23), and wing nuts (24). The anchor bolts (21) are welded to the base plate or floor. The slab reinforcement and the external connecting rod (23) are diagonally connected to the support unit; the formwork reinforcement unit (3) includes a panel (31), vertical ribs (32) and horizontal ribs (33); the vertical ribs (32) are connected to the panel (31) to provide force; the horizontal ribs (33) are connected to the support unit to form a reinforcement structure; the safety protection component (4) includes a cantilever frame (41), an operating platform, a safety net and warning signs; the cantilever frame (41) is connected to the support unit, the operating platform is set above the support unit, the safety net is set below the opening, and the warning signs are set at the construction site.

2. The single-sided formwork construction system for the exterior wall of a subway basement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The triangular load-bearing structure of the support unit is composed of a standard section (11) and an extension section (12) in the vertical direction, and a standard section (11) or a standard section (11) plus an extension section (12) in the inclined direction. It is fixed by bolts. After installation, steel pipes are set to form the whole triangular load-bearing structure.

3. The single-sided formwork construction system for the exterior wall of a subway basement according to claim 2, characterized in that, The modular support unit (1) also includes a rear adjustable lead screw leg (14).

4. The single-sided formwork construction system for the exterior wall of a subway basement according to claim 1, characterized in that, When encountering an opening, an I-beam (15) is added below the legs of the modular support unit (1) to span the opening.

5. A single-sided formwork construction system for the exterior wall of a subway basement according to claim 1, characterized in that, A pressure beam (26) is provided at the included angle of the triangular stress structure of the support unit, and the pressure beam (26) is made of channel steel.

6. A single-sided formwork construction system for the exterior wall of a subway basement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The template reinforcement unit (3) also includes a hook bolt (34) and a washer (25); the hook bolt (34) passes through the washer (25) and connects to the panel (31).

7. A single-sided formwork construction system for the exterior wall of a subway basement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The threaded end of the anchor bolt (21) is wrapped with plastic sheeting.

8. A construction method for single-sided formwork support of the exterior wall of a subway basement, characterized in that, The single-sided formwork construction system for the exterior wall of a subway basement as described in any one of claims 1-7 includes the following steps: S1: Construction preparation, based on engineering geological conditions, subway safety requirements and wall structure parameters, to prepare a special construction plan; S2: Basement exterior wall waterproofing construction, including base treatment, waterproof membrane laying and joint sealing according to the waterproofing plan; S3: Installation of ground anchor system. Before pouring the floor slab or foundation, lay out the positioning according to the spacing ≤300mm, weld the anchor bolts (21) to the steel bars, ensure that the threaded end is exposed and protected. S4: Template system installation, assemble the template according to the design dimensions, fix the vertical ribs (32) and horizontal ribs, and control the deviation of the template axis position within 5mm; S5: Modular bracket installation, according to the wall height, combine standard section (11) and heightening section (12), connect and fix the bracket unit with the ground anchor system, the horizontal spacing of the bracket is 600mm, after installation, use steel pipe to connect each unit into a whole, and check the verticality of the bracket ≤L / 500; S6: Concrete pouring shall be carried out in layers with a layer thickness of ≤500mm and a pouring speed of ≤2.0m / h. A 5-10cm thick layer of cement mortar of the same strength shall be laid at the bottom, and a second troweling shall be performed after the pouring is completed. S7: Concrete curing; S8: Removal of templates and supports.

9. A construction method for single-sided formwork support of the exterior wall of a subway basement according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S1, the construction plan also includes a zoned construction schedule.

10. A construction method for single-sided formwork support of the exterior wall of a subway basement according to claim 8, characterized in that, Step S1 also includes setting risk detection points to monitor the settlement, displacement and deformation of the subway structure of the support during the construction process of steps S2-S8 in real time.

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