A buffering type roller cutter for large-diameter anti-well drilling hole expansion

Abstract

This application provides a buffered roller cutter for large-diameter reverse drilling reaming, relating to the field of tunnel reaming technology. The roller cutter includes an outer roller cutter seat, on which a roller cutter base is slidably connected. The end of the roller cutter base near the outer roller cutter seat and the outer roller cutter seat together form a pressure chamber filled with hydraulic oil. The end of the roller cutter base away from the outer roller cutter seat is connected to a cutter ring assembly for rolling and crushing rock formations. A pneumatic output component is provided on the side of the outer roller cutter seat away from the roller cutter base. The output end of the pneumatic output component extends into the pressure chamber to apply pressure to the hydraulic oil in the pressure chamber, enabling the roller cutter base to move relative to the outer roller cutter seat. By slidably connecting the roller cutter base to the outer roller cutter seat and continuously applying pressure with the pneumatic output component, the roller cutter base always has a tendency to extend outward, ensuring that the cutter ring assembly continuously engages with the rock formation to withstand stable cutting resistance and eliminating the phenomenon of the reamer spinning idly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of tunnel reaming technology, and in particular to a buffered roller cutter for reaming large-diameter reverse drilling. Background Technology

[0002] Large-diameter raise boring is currently widely used, and its key component is large-diameter borehole reaming, which involves enlarging the borehole using a reamer. During reaming, the reamer's rotational speed is frequently unstable; that is, after rotating a certain distance at normal speed, the reamer's speed suddenly increases, then returns to normal. This repeated occurrence can easily cause the following hazards: 1. The sudden increase in reamer speed prevents the subsequent drill pipe from keeping up with the speed, posing a risk of drill pipe uncoupling; 2. The repeated increases and decreases in torque on the drill pipe can easily lead to fatigue fracture; 3. The increased reamer speed can impact and disturb the borehole wall, easily causing rocks to fall off the wellbore. To address these issues... Analysis revealed that the uneven rotation speed of the reamer was caused by the following: after the cutter broke and cut the rock strata, the reamer's feed was not timely, resulting in a gap between the cutter and the rock strata. The cutter (reamer) lost the resistance from the rock strata, and under the action of strong torque, the reamer would suddenly spin rapidly until the cutter and rock strata engaged again after the reamer was fed, and the cutter (reamer) received resistance from the rock strata, at which point the rotation speed would slow down and return to normal. Therefore, ensuring that the cutter and rock strata are continuously engaged is the main way to avoid the above situation. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this application is to address the above problems by providing a buffered roller cutter for large-diameter raise boring and reaming, comprising: hobbing cutter outer seat; A roller cutter base is slidably connected to a roller cutter outer seat along a first direction. The end of the roller cutter base near the outer roller cutter seat and the outer roller cutter seat together form a pressure chamber, which is filled with hydraulic oil. A cutter ring assembly is connected to the end of the roller cutter base away from the outer roller cutter seat. The cutter ring assembly is used to roll and crush the rock strata. A pneumatic output component is provided on the side of the cutter outer seat away from the cutter base. The output end of the pneumatic output component extends through the cutter outer seat into the pressure chamber. The pneumatic output component is used to apply pressure to the hydraulic oil in the pressure chamber so that the cutter base can move relative to the cutter outer seat in the first direction under pressure.

[0004] According to the technical solutions provided in certain embodiments of this application, the hobbing cutter outer seat has a first space, and the first space has a first open end; The end of the hob base away from the cutter ring assembly is slidably embedded in the first space through the first opening end. A self-lubricating plate is provided between the outer wall of the hob base and the inner wall of the first space. The self-lubricating plate is fixed on the outer wall of the hob base to reduce the sliding friction between the hob base and the outer hob seat.

[0005] According to the technical solutions provided in some embodiments of this application, the hobbing cutter outer seat includes an outer seat body, a connecting seat is fixed on the outer seat body, and the connecting seat has a cylinder extending along the first direction; The hobbing cutter base has a connecting groove at one end away from the cutter ring assembly. The cylinder is assembled in the connecting groove and slides in cooperation with the connecting groove. The cylinder and the connecting groove together form the pressure chamber.

[0006] According to the technical solutions provided in certain embodiments of this application, the connecting seat is provided with a plurality of limiting screws around the cylinder. Each limiting screw includes a screw part and a limiting part integrally connected. The screw part slides through the connecting seat along the first direction. The limiting part is located on the side of the connecting seat away from the hob base. The end of the screw part away from the limiting part is threadedly connected to the hob base.

[0007] According to the technical solutions provided in certain embodiments of this application, the connecting seat is provided with a filling hole, the filling hole is connected to the pressure chamber, and a temperature and pressure probe is provided at the end of the filling hole away from the pressure chamber. The temperature and pressure probe is used to detect the temperature and pressure of the hydraulic oil.

[0008] According to the technical solutions provided in certain embodiments of this application, a plurality of annular grooves are distributed along the axial direction on the outer wall of the cylinder, and a sealing ring is provided in the annular groove.

[0009] According to the technical solutions provided in certain embodiments of this application, the self-lubricating plate includes a substrate, on which a plurality of through holes are uniformly distributed, and the through holes are filled with graphite columns.

[0010] According to the technical solutions provided in certain embodiments of this application, the cylinder has an internal mounting groove, the opening of the mounting groove faces away from the hob base, the pneumatic output component is partially disposed in the mounting groove, the output end of the pneumatic output component extends through the bottom of the mounting groove into the pressure chamber, and the input end of the pneumatic output component is connected to an air source device.

[0011] According to the technical solutions provided in certain embodiments of this application, the cutter ring assembly includes a cutter shaft, which is fixed to one end of the hob base away from the outer hob seat, and a cutter ring is rotatably connected to the cutter shaft.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are as follows: This application provides a bufferable roller cutter for large-diameter reverse drilling reaming, including a roller cutter outer seat, a roller cutter base slidably connected to the roller cutter outer seat along a first direction, the end of the roller cutter base near the roller cutter outer seat and the roller cutter outer seat together forming a pressure chamber, which is filled with hydraulic oil; the end of the roller cutter base away from the roller cutter outer seat extends out of the roller cutter slot and is connected to a cutter ring assembly, which is used to roll and crush the rock formation; a pneumatic output component is provided on the side of the roller cutter outer seat away from the roller cutter base, the output end of the pneumatic output component penetrates the roller cutter outer seat and extends into the pressure chamber, the pneumatic output component is used to apply pressure to the hydraulic oil in the pressure chamber, so that the roller cutter base can be driven relative to the roller cutter in the first direction under pressure. The outer seat moves; by sliding the cutter base onto the outer cutter seat, and with the continuous pressure applied by the pressure chamber filled with hydraulic oil and the pneumatic output component, the cutter base always tends to extend outward along the axial direction during the reaming process. This compensates in real time for the gap between the cutter ring assembly and the rock surface caused by the reamer's feed lag, ensuring that the cutter ring assembly continuously engages with the rock layer and always bears stable cutting resistance. This fundamentally eliminates the phenomenon of the reamer periodically spinning due to the loss of rock surface resistance, thereby avoiding drill pipe uncoupling and fatigue fracture, preventing well wall collapse and cutter tooth breakage, significantly improving construction safety and cutter service life. At the same time, since the reamer is always in an effective cutting state without idling energy loss, construction costs are greatly reduced.

[0013] It should be understood that the descriptions of technical features, technical solutions, beneficial effects, or similar language in this application do not imply that all features and advantages can be achieved in any single embodiment. Rather, it is understood that the description of a feature or beneficial effect means that a specific technical feature, technical solution, or beneficial effect is included in at least one embodiment. Therefore, the descriptions of technical features, technical solutions, or beneficial effects in this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the technical features, technical solutions, and beneficial effects described in this embodiment can be combined in any suitable manner. Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments can be implemented without one or more specific technical features, technical solutions, or beneficial effects of a particular embodiment. In other embodiments, additional technical features and beneficial effects may be identified in specific embodiments that do not embody all embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0015] Figure 1A schematic diagram of a buffered roller cutter for large-diameter reverse drilling reaming provided in this application; Figure 2 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of a buffered roller cutter for large-diameter reverse drilling reaming provided for this application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the outer bearing of a buffered roller cutter for large-diameter reverse drilling reaming, provided for this application; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a buffered roller cutter base for large-diameter reverse drilling reaming provided in this application; Figure 5 This application provides a structural schematic diagram of a self-lubricating plate for a buffered roller cutter used in large-diameter reverse drilling reaming.

[0016] The text labels in the image represent: 1. Hob outer seat; 2. Hob base; 3. Pneumatic output component; 4. Self-lubricating plate; 5. Limiting set screw; 6. Temperature and pressure probe; 7. Sealing ring; 11. Outer seat body; 12. Connecting seat; 21. Pressure chamber; 22. Filling hole; 23. Cutter shaft; 24. Cutter ring; 41. Base plate; 42. Graphite column; 51. Screw part; 52. Limiting part; 121. Cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The descriptions in this section are merely illustrative and explanatory, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application. Specifically, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0018] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such process, method, product, or apparatus.

[0019] As mentioned in the background section, in order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, this embodiment provides a buffered roller cutter for large-diameter reverse drilling reaming, comprising: Hob outer seat 1; A roller cutter base 2 is slidably connected to a roller cutter outer seat 1 along a first direction. The end of the roller cutter base 2 near the roller cutter outer seat 1 and the roller cutter outer seat 1 together form a pressure chamber 21, which is filled with hydraulic oil. A cutter ring assembly is connected to the end of the roller cutter base 2 away from the roller cutter outer seat 1. The cutter ring assembly is used to roll and crush the rock strata. A pneumatic output component 3 is provided on the side of the outer hob seat 1 away from the hob base 2. The output end of the pneumatic output component 3 passes through the outer hob seat 1 and extends into the pressure chamber 21. The pneumatic output component 3 is used to apply pressure to the hydraulic oil in the pressure chamber 21 so that the hob base 2 can move relative to the outer hob seat 1 in the first direction under pressure.

[0020] like Figure 1-4 As shown, the first direction is Figure 1 In the vertical direction, the hobbing cutter is mounted on the cutter head of the reamer. The cutter head is approximately disc-shaped, with its rotation axis extending along a first direction. The center of the cutter head is connected to a drill rod, allowing it to rotate around the axis in the first direction under the drive of the drill rod. The cutter head has multiple hobbing cutter slots, typically located on the outer ring. The inner ring generally does not have hobbing cutter slots and directly mounts fixed, traditional cutter holder hobbing cutters. Each hobbing cutter slot contains a hobbing cutter outer seat 1. The outer dimensions of the hobbing cutter outer seat 1 are slightly smaller than the inner dimensions of the hobbing cutter slot. Typically, there is a 0.5-1mm gap between the outer wall of the hobbing cutter outer seat 1 and the inner wall of the hobbing cutter slot to facilitate insertion. The length of the hobbing cutter outer seat 1 along the first direction is consistent with the groove depth of the hobbing cutter slot, allowing the hobbing cutter outer seat 1 to be fully embedded. The cutter is inserted into the cutter slot; the cutter base 2 is slidably mounted inside the cutter outer seat 1. The cutter base 2 can slide relative to the cutter outer seat 1 in the first direction, and the sliding range is usually 10-20mm; the lower end of the cutter base 2 and the cutter outer seat 1 together form a closed pressure chamber 21, which is filled with hydraulic oil. The upper end of the cutter base 2 extends out of the cutter slot and is connected to the cutter ring assembly. The cutter ring assembly acts directly on the rock surface. The rotation of the cutter disc drives the cutter ring assembly to roll and crush the rock. A pneumatic output component 3 is provided at the bottom of the cutter outer seat 1. The pneumatic output component 3 is connected to an external air source device. By applying pressure to the hydraulic oil in the pressure chamber 21, the thrust is transmitted to the cutter base 2 through the hydraulic oil, so that the cutter base 2 always has the tendency to push the cutter ring assembly outward in the first direction.

[0021] During borehole reaming, the reamer equipped with the roller cutter is first lowered to the position to be reamed. The drill rod rotates, causing the cutter head and the cutter ring assembly on the cutter head to rotate as a whole. Under the continuous thrust provided by the pneumatic output component 3, the cutter ring assembly always keeps in contact with the rock surface, realizing continuous cutting and crushing of the rock layer. When the reamer feed lags, the roller cutter base 2 can slide outward in the first direction under the push of the hydraulic oil in the pressure chamber 21 to compensate for the gap between the cutter ring assembly and the rock surface, thereby ensuring that the cutter ring assembly always keeps in contact with the rock surface and preventing the reamer from spinning freely due to the loss of rock surface resistance.

[0022] By sliding the cutter base 2 onto the cutter outer seat 1, and cooperating with the pressure chamber 21 filled with hydraulic oil and the pneumatic output component 3 to continuously apply pressure, the cutter base 2 always has a tendency to extend outward along the axial direction during the hole reaming process. This compensates in real time for the gap between the cutter ring assembly and the rock surface caused by the reamer's feed lag, ensuring that the cutter ring assembly continuously engages with the rock layer and always bears stable cutting resistance. This fundamentally eliminates the phenomenon of the reamer periodically spinning due to the loss of rock surface resistance, thereby avoiding drill pipe uncoupling and fatigue fracture, preventing well wall collapse and cutter tooth breakage, significantly improving construction safety and cutter service life. At the same time, since the reamer is always in an effective cutting state without idling energy loss, it greatly reduces construction costs and improves hole reaming efficiency.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment, the hobbing cutter outer seat 1 has a first space, and the first space has a first open end; The end of the hob base 2 away from the cutter ring assembly is slidably embedded in the first space through the first opening end. A self-lubricating plate 4 is provided between the outer wall of the hob base 2 and the inner wall of the first space. The self-lubricating plate 4 is fixed on the outer wall of the hob base 2 to reduce the sliding friction between the hob base 2 and the hob outer seat 1.

[0024] like Figure 1-4 As shown, the hob outer seat 1 is approximately a cuboid frame structure with a first space inside. The top of the first space forms a first opening. The lower half of the hob base 2 is approximately a cuboid column structure. The lower part of the hob base 2 is inserted into the first space from the first opening and slides in cooperation with the hob outer seat 1. A self-lubricating plate 4 is provided between the outer wall of the hob base 2 and the inner wall of the first space. The self-lubricating plate 4 is fixedly attached to the outer wall surface of the hob base 2. The self-lubricating plate 4 can provide a continuous low-friction lubrication effect between the sliding contact surfaces, reduce sliding resistance, ensure the sensitive and reliable operation of the buffer mechanism, and extend the service life of the hob base 2 and the hob outer seat 1.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment, the hobbing cutter outer seat 1 includes an outer seat body 11, a connecting seat 12 is fixed on the outer seat body 11, and the connecting seat 12 has a cylinder 121 extending along the first direction. The hobbing cutter base 2 has a connecting groove at one end away from the cutter ring assembly. The cylinder 121 is assembled in the connecting groove and slides in cooperation with the connecting groove. The cylinder 121 and the connecting groove together form the pressure chamber 21.

[0026] like Figure 2-4 As shown, the hob outer seat 1 includes an outer seat body 11 and a connecting seat 12 fixed on the outer seat body 11. The outer seat body 11 is the main structure of the hob outer seat 1, and its inner wall is slidably engaged with the outer wall of the hob base 2. The connecting seat 12 is fixed inside the outer seat body 11. The side of the connecting seat 12 near the hob base 2 and the outer seat body 11 enclose each other to form a first space. The center of the connecting seat 12 has a cylinder 121 extending in the first space along a first direction. Correspondingly, the lower part of the hob base 2 has a connecting groove that matches the shape of the cylinder 121. The cylinder 121 is assembled in the connecting groove, and the outer wall of the cylinder 121 and the inner wall of the connecting groove form a sliding fit, so that the hob base 2 can slide back and forth along the axial direction (i.e. the first direction) of the cylinder 121; the cylinder 121 and the inner wall of the connecting groove together form a pressure chamber 21, and hydraulic oil fills the pressure chamber 21; when the pneumatic output component 3 applies pressure to the pressure chamber 21, the hydraulic oil transmits the pressure evenly to the inner wall of the connecting groove, pushing the hob base 2 to slide upward relative to the connecting seat 12 in the first direction, thereby driving the cutter ring assembly to move.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment, the connecting seat 12 is provided with a plurality of limiting screws 5 around the cylinder 121. Each limiting screw 5 includes an integrally connected screw portion 51 and a limiting portion 52. The screw portion 51 slides through the connecting seat 12 along the first direction. The limiting portion 52 is located on the side of the connecting seat 12 away from the hob base 2. The end of the screw portion 51 away from the limiting portion 52 is threadedly connected to the hob base 2.

[0028] like Figure 2-4As shown, the connecting seat 12 has multiple sliding holes around the cylinder 121. In this embodiment, the number of sliding holes is set to four. Each sliding hole is provided with a limiting screw 5. The limiting screw 5 includes a screw part 51 and a limiting part 52 integrally connected, wherein the diameter of the screw part 51 is smaller than the diameter of the limiting part 52. The screw part 51 is slidably inserted into the sliding hole along a first direction. The upper end of the screw part 51 extends out of the sliding hole and is threadedly connected to the lower end of the hob base 2. The lower end of the screw part 51 also extends out of the sliding hole and is connected to the limiting part 52, thus limiting the movement. The diameter of part 52 is larger than the diameter of the sliding hole; when the cutter base 2 slides upward along the first direction, the limiting screw 5 moves upward with the cutter base 2 until the limiting part 52 abuts against the lower surface of the connecting seat 12, at which time the cutter base 2 reaches its maximum extension; when the cutter base 2 is pushed downward by the reaction force of the rock strata, the limiting screw 5 moves downward with the cutter base 2. By adjusting the depth of the screw part 51 screwed into the cutter base 2, the maximum sliding distance of the cutter base 2 relative to the cutter outer seat 1 can be adjusted to adapt to the hole enlargement construction requirements under different rock strata conditions.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment, the connecting seat 12 is provided with a filling hole 22, the filling hole 22 is connected to the pressure chamber 21, and a temperature and pressure probe 6 is provided at the end of the filling hole 22 away from the pressure chamber 21. The temperature and pressure probe 6 is used to detect the temperature and pressure of the hydraulic oil.

[0030] like Figure 2 As shown, the connecting seat 12 has a filling hole 22, which extends along the first direction. One end of the filling hole 22 is connected to the pressure chamber 21, and the other end extends to the lower surface of the connecting seat 12. The filling hole 22 serves as a channel for adding hydraulic oil into the pressure chamber 21 and also as an interface for installing the temperature and pressure probe 6. The temperature and pressure probe 6 is installed at the end of the filling hole 22 away from the pressure chamber 21. The sensing end of the temperature and pressure probe 6 extends into the filling hole 22 to detect the temperature and pressure of the hydraulic oil in the pressure chamber 21 in real time. During the hole enlargement operation, the temperature and pressure probe 6 transmits the detected hydraulic oil temperature and pressure data to the ground control system in real time. The operator can judge the current drilling pressure and working status of the cutter ring assembly based on the monitoring data. When the pressure data is abnormal, the operator can adjust the output pressure of the pneumatic output component 3 in time to achieve precise control of the drilling pressure. If the temperature data is abnormal, such as an abnormally high temperature, it may be due to abnormal wear of the cutter head, which may lead to increased friction with the rock formation, thereby increasing the hydraulic oil temperature. The operator can stop the machine in time for inspection and replacement to avoid affecting the rock breaking efficiency.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of annular grooves are distributed along the axial direction on the outer wall of the cylinder 121, and a sealing ring 7 is provided in the annular groove.

[0032] like Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, multiple annular grooves are spaced axially on the outer wall of the cylinder 121, and a sealing ring 7 is embedded in each annular groove. The sealing ring 7 is made of oil-resistant rubber material. When the cylinder 121 is assembled in the connecting groove, the outer circumferential surface of the sealing ring 7 is tightly fitted with the inner wall of the connecting groove, forming multiple sealing barriers. This effectively prevents the hydraulic oil in the pressure chamber 21 from leaking from the sliding gap between the cylinder 121 and the connecting groove, ensuring the sealing performance of the pressure chamber 21 and ensuring that the hydraulic oil can establish and maintain a stable working pressure in the pressure chamber 21, thereby ensuring the reliability of the buffer function.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment, the self-lubricating plate 4 includes a substrate 41, on which a plurality of through holes are uniformly distributed, and the through holes are filled with graphite pillars 42.

[0034] like Figure 5 As shown, the substrate 41 is made of alloy material, which has high hardness and wear resistance. Multiple through holes are uniformly opened on the substrate 41, penetrating the thickness direction of the substrate 41. Each through hole is tightly filled with graphite pillars 42. After the graphite pillars 42 are filled in the through holes, their surfaces are flush with or slightly higher than the surface of the substrate 41. When the self-lubricating plate 4 is fixed on the outer wall of the cutter base 2 and forms a sliding fit with the inner wall of the first space, the graphite material in the graphite pillars 42 will continuously precipitate out in small amounts from the through holes during the sliding friction process, forming a solid lubricating film on the sliding contact surface. This effectively reduces the sliding friction between the cutter base 2 and the cutter outer seat 1, achieving a self-lubricating effect. The self-lubricating plate 4 does not require external lubricant, is easy to maintain, and can still maintain good lubrication performance in the harsh working environment of dampness and dust in the well, ensuring that the cutter base 2 slides flexibly in the cutter outer seat 1 for a long time.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment, the cylinder 121 has an internal mounting groove with the opening of the mounting groove facing away from the hob base 2. The pneumatic output component 3 is partially disposed in the mounting groove, and the output end of the pneumatic output component 3 extends through the bottom of the mounting groove into the pressure chamber 21. The input end of the pneumatic output component 3 is connected to an air source device.

[0036] like Figure 2As shown, a mounting groove is formed inside the cylinder 121 along the axial direction. The opening of the mounting groove faces away from the hob base 2, and the bottom of the mounting groove separates the mounting groove from the pressure chamber 21. The pneumatic output component 3 is preferably a buffer, which is partially installed in the mounting groove. The piston rod of the pneumatic output component 3 extends through the bottom of the mounting groove into the pressure chamber 21 and contacts the hydraulic oil in the pressure chamber 21. The input end of the pneumatic output component 3 extends out from the opening of the mounting groove and is connected to an air source device. The air source device can input compressed nitrogen or inert gas into the pneumatic output component 3. The pneumatic output component 3 transmits the gas pressure to the hydraulic oil in the pressure chamber 21 through the piston rod. The hydraulic oil then evenly transmits the pressure to the hob base 2, pushing the hob base 2 to slide. Because the hydraulic oil has incompressible properties, it can stably transmit the gas pressure to the hob base 2. At the same time, the flexible transmission medium properties of the hydraulic oil can also play a buffering and vibration absorption role when the cutter ring assembly is impacted.

[0037] Furthermore, the output pressure of the pneumatic output component 3 can be calculated based on the drilling pressure required for each cutter ring assembly. Operators can remotely adjust the input air pressure of the pneumatic output component 3 through the air source device according to actual construction needs, so as to achieve remote, real-time and precise control of the working drilling pressure of the cutter ring assembly, and better meet the hole enlargement construction needs under different rock strata conditions.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment, the cutter ring assembly includes a cutter shaft 23, which is fixed to one end of the hob base 2 away from the hob outer seat 1, and a cutter ring 24 is rotatably connected to the cutter shaft 23.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, a cutter shaft 23 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the cutter base 2, and a cutter ring 24 is rotatably connected to the cutter shaft 23. The cutter ring 24 has a ring structure, and its inner ring is rotatably assembled on the cutter shaft 23 through a bearing. Multiple alloy teeth for crushing rock layers are provided on the outer circumference of the cutter ring 24. During the hole expansion process, the cutter disc rotates, driving the cutter base 2 to rotate around the first direction. At the same time, the cutter ring 24 rotates around the cutter shaft 23 under the friction of the rock layer, and the alloy teeth on the outer circumference of the cutter ring 24 roll and crush the rock layer.

[0040] Working principle: Before reaming, compressed gas is input into the pneumatic output component 3 through the air source device, and the initial output pressure is set. The pneumatic output component 3 directly applies the gas pressure to the hydraulic oil in the pressure chamber 21. After being pressurized, the hydraulic oil evenly transmits the pressure to the cutter base 2, causing the cutter base 2 to have a tendency to slide outward relative to the outer cutter seat 1 along the first direction, and the cutter ring 24 is in close contact with the rock surface. During reaming, the cutter head rotates and feeds around the axis of the first direction, and the cutter ring 24 cuts and breaks the rock layer. When the feed speed of the reamer lags behind the rock surface, the reamer feeds at a certain speed. When the layer is broken at a certain speed, a gap is generated between the cutter ring 24 and the rock surface. At this time, the cutter base 2 is pushed outward relative to the outer cutter seat 1 in the first direction by the hydraulic oil in the pressure chamber 21 to compensate for the gap between the cutter ring 24 and the rock surface, so that the cutter ring 24 always maintains engagement with the rock surface. When the rock reaction force increases and the cutter base 2 is pushed to one side of the outer cutter seat 1, the cutter base 2 compresses the hydraulic oil in the pressure chamber 21. The hydraulic oil transmits the pressure to the output end of the pneumatic output component 3, compressing the gas inside the pneumatic output component 3 to achieve the buffering function.

[0041] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the methods and core ideas of this application. The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of this application. It should be noted that due to the limitations of written expression, while there are objectively infinite specific structures, those skilled in the art can make several improvements, modifications, or changes without departing from the principles of this application, and can also combine the above technical features in an appropriate manner. These improvements, modifications, changes, or combinations, or the direct application of the inventive concept and technical solution to other situations without modification, should all be considered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A buffered roller cutter for enlarging large-diameter raised boreholes, characterized in that, include: Hob outer seat (1); A roller cutter base (2) is slidably connected to a roller cutter outer seat (1) along a first direction. The end of the roller cutter base (2) near the roller cutter outer seat (1) together with the roller cutter outer seat (1) forms a pressure chamber (21), which is filled with hydraulic oil. A cutter ring assembly is connected to the end of the roller cutter base (2) away from the roller cutter outer seat (1). The cutter ring assembly is used to roll and crush the rock strata. A pneumatic output component (3) is provided on the side of the outer seat of the hob (1) away from the hob base (2). The output end of the pneumatic output component (3) extends through the outer seat of the hob (1) and into the pressure chamber (21). The pneumatic output component (3) is used to apply pressure to the hydraulic oil in the pressure chamber (21) so that the hob base (2) can move relative to the outer seat of the hob (1) in the first direction under pressure.

2. A buffered roller cutter for large-diameter raised hole reaming according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hob outer seat (1) has a first space, and the first space has a first open end; The end of the hob base (2) away from the cutter ring assembly is slidably embedded in the first space through the first opening end. A self-lubricating plate (4) is provided between the outer wall of the hob base (2) and the inner wall of the first space. The self-lubricating plate (4) is fixed on the outer wall of the hob base (2) to reduce the sliding friction between the hob base (2) and the hob outer seat (1).

3. A buffered roller cutter for large-diameter raised hole reaming according to claim 2, characterized in that, The hobbing cutter outer seat (1) includes an outer seat body (11), on which a connecting seat (12) is fixed, and the connecting seat (12) has a cylinder (121) extending along the first direction. The hobbing cutter base (2) has a connecting groove at one end away from the cutter ring assembly. The cylinder (121) is assembled in the connecting groove and slides in cooperation with the connecting groove. The cylinder (121) and the connecting groove together form the pressure chamber (21).

4. A buffered roller cutter for large-diameter raise boring and reaming according to claim 3, characterized in that, The connecting seat (12) is provided with a plurality of limiting screws (5) around the cylinder (121). The limiting screw (5) includes a screw part (51) and a limiting part (52) integrally connected. The screw part (51) slides through the connecting seat (12) along the first direction. The limiting part (52) is located on the side of the connecting seat (12) away from the hob base (2). The end of the screw part (51) away from the limiting part (52) is threadedly connected to the hob base (2).

5. A buffered roller cutter for large-diameter raised hole reaming according to claim 3, characterized in that, The connector (12) is provided with a filling hole (22), which is connected to the pressure chamber (21). A temperature and pressure probe (6) is provided at one end of the filling hole (22) away from the pressure chamber (21). The temperature and pressure probe (6) is used to detect the temperature and pressure of the hydraulic oil.

6. A buffered roller cutter for large-diameter raised hole reaming according to claim 3, characterized in that, The outer wall of the cylinder (121) has a plurality of annular grooves distributed along its axial direction, and a sealing ring (7) is provided in the annular groove.

7. A buffered roller cutter for large-diameter raise boring and reaming according to claim 2, characterized in that, The self-lubricating plate (4) includes a substrate (41) on which a plurality of through holes are uniformly distributed, and the through holes are filled with graphite columns (42).

8. A buffered roller cutter for large-diameter raised hole reaming according to claim 3, characterized in that, The cylinder (121) has an installation groove inside, with the groove opening facing away from the hob base (2). The pneumatic output component (3) is partially located in the installation groove. The output end of the pneumatic output component (3) extends through the bottom of the installation groove into the pressure chamber (21). The input end of the pneumatic output component (3) is connected to an air source device.

9. A buffered roller cutter for large-diameter raised hole reaming according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutter ring assembly includes a cutter shaft (23), which is fixed to one end of the hob base (2) away from the hob outer seat (1), and a cutter ring (24) is rotatably connected to the cutter shaft (23).

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