Large-diameter single-shield TBM counterforce tooling and launching method

Abstract

The application provides a large-diameter single-shield TBM counterforce tool and a launching method, and belongs to the technical field of tunneling construction. The tool comprises a steel mesh, an arch frame, mortar anchor rods and a concrete layer arranged in a launching hole annular section. The steel mesh, the arch frame and the mortar anchor rods are arranged in a full ring. A support ring is arranged at a preset distance in front of the launching hole. A plurality of support boxes are arranged in the circumferential direction of the support ring. Each support box is used for supporting a single set of pushing cylinder shoe plates. A plurality of mortar anchor rods are arranged in the circumferential direction of the annular section. A part of the mortar anchor rods extends into a rock mass, and another part of the mortar anchor rods is exposed. The exposed mortar anchor rods are connected with the support ring. A pre-embedded steel plate is arranged in the support ring. The pre-embedded steel plate is connected with the support box and extends out of the support ring. The support box is reinforced on the support ring through the pre-embedded steel plate. The scheme has a light and compact structure, is simple to install, improves the shear resistance of the support ring and shortens the linear construction period.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of tunneling construction technology, and in particular to a reaction tool and launching method for a large-diameter single-shield TBM. Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of global urbanization, the demand for infrastructure such as transportation (e.g., subways, railways, highways), water conservancy (e.g., water diversion tunnels, water transfer projects), and energy (e.g., pumped storage power stations, water pipelines) is growing rapidly. These projects often need to traverse complex geological conditions, such as mountains, rivers, and urban underground spaces. Traditional drill-and-blast methods are inefficient, have high safety risks, and have a significant environmental impact, making it difficult to meet the requirements of modern engineering for speed, safety, environmental protection, and high efficiency.

[0003] To shorten route distances, protect the ecological environment, or avoid ground obstacles, an increasing number of projects are adopting long tunnel solutions (such as tunnels several kilometers to tens of kilometers long), and even ultra-long, deep-buried tunnels. These types of tunnels place higher demands on the adaptability, continuous operation capability, and safety of construction equipment, which traditional construction methods are insufficient for, making it imperative to adopt large-scale tunneling equipment with a high degree of mechanization and automation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the embodiments of this application provide a reaction tooling and launching method for a large-diameter single-shield TBM, which at least partially solves the problems of insufficient launching reaction force, complex launching structure construction, and high cost of large-diameter single-shield TBMs in the prior art.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a reaction tooling for a large-diameter single-shield TBM, comprising a steel mesh, an arch frame, mortar anchors, and a concrete layer arranged within the annular cross-section of the launching tunnel. The steel mesh, arch frame, and mortar anchors are all arranged around the entire circumference. A support ring is set within a predetermined distance in front of the launching tunnel. Multiple support boxes are arranged circumferentially on the support ring, and each support box is used to support a single set of propulsion cylinder shoe plates. Multiple mortar anchors are evenly distributed circumferentially within the annular cross-section. A portion of the mortar anchor extends into the rock mass, and another portion of the mortar anchor is exposed. The exposed mortar anchor is connected to the support ring.

[0006] According to a specific implementation of this application, a pre-embedded steel plate is provided inside the support ring. The pre-embedded steel plate extends out of the support ring and connects with the support box body. The support box body is reinforced on the support ring by the pre-embedded steel plate.

[0007] According to one specific implementation of the embodiments of this application, the embedded steel plate is provided with round steel for reinforcement.

[0008] According to one specific implementation of an embodiment of this application, the support box is provided with a plurality of parallel web plates.

[0009] According to a specific implementation of an embodiment of this application, the thickness of the concrete layer is 15cm to 20cm; the length of the mortar anchor extending into the rock mass is 3.8m to 4.1m, the length of the exposed portion of the mortar anchor is 0.4m to 0.7m, and the spacing between the rows of mortar anchors is 0.4m to 1.0m.

[0010] According to a specific implementation of this application, the preset distance in front of the starting tunnel is set to 3m to 6m, and the support ring is set as a C35 reinforced concrete support ring with a thickness of 40cm to 50cm.

[0011] According to a specific implementation of the embodiments of this application, the length of the round steel is 50cm to 80cm, the diameter is 20mm to 30mm, the longitudinal spacing of the round steel on the embedded steel plate is 0.4m to 0.6m, and the transverse spacing is 0.5m to 1.0m.

[0012] Secondly, embodiments of this application also provide a method for initiating a large-diameter single-shield TBM reaction tool as described in any embodiment of the first aspect, the method comprising:

[0013] Large-diameter single-shield TBM reaction tooling was used for tunnel excavation and support component construction. The support components included steel mesh, arch frame, mortar anchor bolts and concrete layer. A support ring is arranged inside the support assembly; Large-diameter single-shield TBM steps into position; The support box is processed and installed on the support ring; The large-diameter single-shield TBM is launched. The propulsion cylinder of the large-diameter single-shield TBM rests on the support box, and the support box provides a supporting force to the propulsion cylinder, which propels the large-diameter single-shield TBM forward under the action of the propulsion cylinder.

[0014] According to one specific implementation of the embodiments of this application, the construction of the support component includes sequentially performing the following steps: hanging of steel mesh, laying of mortar anchors, laying of arch frames, and spraying of concrete layers.

[0015] According to a specific implementation of an embodiment of this application, the processing and installation of the support box includes: Individual support boxes are made from steel plates with a thickness of 15cm to 25mm; Multiple support boxes are installed circumferentially on the support ring, with one support box installed at a position corresponding to every set of propulsion cylinders of the large-diameter single-shield TBM.

[0016] Beneficial effects: The large-diameter single-shield TBM reaction tooling and launching method in this embodiment adopts an exposed anchor bolt configuration: the system anchor bolts can reinforce the surrounding rock and ensure its stability; the exposed anchor bolts can integrate the reinforced concrete support ring with the rock mass, further strengthening the shear resistance of the reinforced concrete support ring. The reinforced concrete support ring can be constructed in advance before the TBM arrives on site, shortening the linear construction period. The support box can be prefabricated, is lightweight, and easy to install; after the TBM steps into position, it can be directly installed and reinforced, further shortening the linear construction period. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a reaction tooling structure for a large-diameter single-shield TBM according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the support box and the propulsion cylinder according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a front view of a support box according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a side view of a support box according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a top view of a support box according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of a pre-embedded steel plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. Concrete layer; 2. Mortar anchor; 3. Arch frame; 4. Support box; 5. Support ring; 6. Embedded steel plate; 7. Propulsion cylinder; 8. Propulsion cylinder shoe plate; 9. Web plate; 10. Round steel. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of this application. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this application from the content disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. This application can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of this application. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0022] It should be noted that various aspects of embodiments within the scope of the appended claims are described below. It will be apparent that the aspects described herein can be embodied in a wide variety of forms, and any particular structure and / or function described herein is merely illustrative. Based on this application, those skilled in the art will understand that one aspect described herein can be implemented independently of any other aspect, and two or more of these aspects can be combined in various ways. For example, any number of aspects set forth herein can be used to implement the device and / or practice the method. Additionally, this device and / or method can be implemented using structures and / or functionalities other than one or more of the aspects set forth herein.

[0023] It should also be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of this application. The illustrations only show the components related to this application and are not drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation. In actual implementation, the form, quantity and proportion of each component can be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may also be more complex.

[0024] Furthermore, specific details are provided in the following description to facilitate a thorough understanding of the examples. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the described aspects can be practiced without these specific details.

[0025] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a reaction tooling for a large-diameter single-shield TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine), referring to... Figure 1 and Figure 2The tooling includes a steel mesh, an arch frame 3, mortar anchors 2, and a concrete layer 1 installed within the annular cross-section of the launching tunnel. The steel mesh, arch frame 3, and mortar anchors 2 are all installed around the entire circumference. A support ring 5 is installed at a predetermined distance in front of the launching tunnel. Multiple support boxes 4 are arranged circumferentially on the support ring 5. Each support box 4 is used to support a single set of propulsion cylinder shoe plates 8. Multiple mortar anchors 2 are evenly distributed circumferentially within the annular cross-section. Part of the mortar anchor 2 extends into the rock mass, and the other part of the mortar anchor 2 is exposed. The exposed mortar anchor 2 is connected to the support ring 5.

[0026] In this embodiment, the steel mesh is welded and fixed to the outside of the arch frame 3, and the arch frame 3 is welded and fixed to the embedded parts reserved on the end face of the launching shaft lining. The concrete layer 1 is poured between the steel mesh, the outside of the arch frame 3 and the rock mass to form an integral load-bearing support structure, which can evenly transmit the reaction force generated by the TBM propulsion to the surrounding rock mass, avoiding the deformation and instability of the launching structure caused by the concentration of reaction force in the launching stage. After the multiple support boxes 4 are arranged circumferentially along the support ring 5, the adjacent support boxes 4 form an opening, which can avoid the launching frame structure required in the launching stage, ensuring that each propulsion cylinder shoe plate 8 can obtain independent rigid support, and meeting the reaction force transmission requirements of the launching propulsion of a large-diameter single-shield TBM.

[0027] Furthermore, a pre-embedded steel plate 6 is provided inside the support ring 5. The pre-embedded steel plate 6 extends out of the support ring 5 and connects to the support box 4, thereby reinforcing the support box 4 onto the support ring 5. This facilitates direct welding and fixing of the support box 4 to the pre-embedded steel plate 6 during on-site installation, eliminating the need for drilling holes and installing reinforcement bars in the support ring 5, thus simplifying the on-site construction process. At the same time, the pre-embedded steel plate 6 can evenly distribute the reaction force borne by the support box 4 to the support ring 5, avoiding stress concentration that could cause cracking of the concrete in the support ring 5, and improving the overall load-bearing performance of the reaction structure.

[0028] Furthermore, refer to Figure 6 The embedded steel plate 6 is provided with round steel 10 for reinforcement. The round steel 10 and the embedded steel plate 6 form an integral force-bearing structure, which can improve the gripping force between the embedded steel plate 6 and the support ring 5, prevent the embedded steel plate 6 from being displaced or falling off under the action of reaction force, and further enhance the reliability of the connection between the support box 4 and the support ring 5.

[0029] In practice, the thickness of the embedded steel plate 6 is 20mm, the length is 2.2m, and the width is 1.2m.

[0030] In one embodiment, the support box 4 is provided with a plurality of parallel web plates 9.

[0031] In specific implementation, refer to Figures 3 to 5The supporting box 4 has four parallel web plates 9 inside. The supporting box 4 is a steel structure, made of steel plates with a thickness of 2-3cm, and is a single load-bearing supporting box 4. The cross-sectional area of ​​the supporting box 4 is greater than or equal to the cross-sectional area of ​​the propulsion cylinder 7.

[0032] In one embodiment, the thickness of the concrete layer 1 is 15cm to 20cm; the length of the mortar anchor 2 extending into the rock mass is 3.8m to 4.1m, the length of the exposed portion of the mortar anchor 2 is 0.4m to 0.7m, and the spacing between the rows of mortar anchors 2 is 0.4m to 1.0m.

[0033] Preferably, the thickness of the concrete layer 1 is 20cm; a steel mesh with a diameter of 6mm and a spacing of 20cm×20cm is installed around the entire ring; the diameter of the mortar anchor 2 is 25mm, the length of the mortar anchor 2 extending into the rock mass is 3.8m, the length of the exposed part of the mortar anchor 2 is 0.7m, and the spacing between the rows of mortar anchor 2 is 0.8m; the arch frame 3 is set as I20a arch frame 3 with a spacing of 1.0m.

[0034] In one embodiment, the preset distance in front of the starting tunnel is set to 3m to 6m in front of the starting tunnel, and the support ring 5 is set as a C35 reinforced concrete support ring with a thickness of 40cm to 50cm.

[0035] According to a specific implementation of the present application, the length of the round steel 10 is 50cm to 80cm, the diameter is 20mm to 30mm, the longitudinal spacing of the round steel 10 on the embedded steel plate 6 is 0.4m to 0.6m, and the transverse spacing is 0.5m to 1.0m.

[0036] Secondly, embodiments of this application also provide a method for initiating a large-diameter single-shield TBM reaction tool as described in any embodiment of the first aspect, the method comprising: (1) Use large-diameter single-shield TBM reaction tooling for tunnel excavation and support component construction. The support components include steel mesh, arch frame 3, mortar anchor 2 and concrete layer 1; the excavated cross-section shape and size meet the requirements for passage of large-diameter single-shield TBM. (2) Arrange support rings 5 ​​inside the support components; (3) The large-diameter single-shield TBM steps into place; specifically, the large-diameter single-shield TBM steps into the starting tunnel section through the stepping mechanism and horizontal tooling. (4) The support box 4 is processed and installed on the support ring 5; (5) The large-diameter single-shield TBM starts. The propulsion cylinder 7 of the large-diameter single-shield TBM is placed on the support box 4. The support box 4 provides a supporting force to the propulsion cylinder 7, so that the large-diameter single-shield TBM moves forward under the action of the propulsion cylinder 7.

[0037] In specific implementation, for step (1), a large-diameter single-shield TBM reaction tool is used to excavate an annular cross section with a length of not less than 20m and a cross section radius greater than the TBM cutterhead radius of 80cm.

[0038] Furthermore, the construction of the support components includes the sequential installation of steel mesh, the placement of mortar anchors 2, the placement of arch frames 3, and the spraying of concrete layer 1.

[0039] Furthermore, the processing and installation of the support box 4 includes: A single support box is made of steel plate with a thickness of 15mm to 25mm; Multiple support boxes 4 are installed around the circumference of the support ring 5, with one support box 4 installed at a position corresponding to every set of propulsion cylinders 7 of the large-diameter single-shield TBM.

[0040] The method is illustrated below with a specific embodiment.

[0041] The Xianglushan Tunnel No. 6 branch tunnel in a certain city is divided into a drill-and-blast section and a TBM section, with a total length of approximately 6622m (740m of drill-and-blast section and 5882m of TBM section). The overall gradient is 8.92%. The TBM section uses a 10.2m diameter single-shield TBM for construction. To ensure the critical construction period of the Xianglushan Tunnel and to quickly reach the starting conditions, a starting method using a large-diameter single-shield TBM reaction tool is proposed to solve the technical challenge of rapid starting of shield-type TBMs. The specific steps include the following: 1. Excavate a circular cross-section with a length of not less than 20m and a cross-sectional radius greater than the radius of the TBM cutterhead by 80cm. After the circular cross-section is excavated, the initial shotcrete thickness is 20cm. Install Φ6 (20cm×20cm spacing) steel mesh around the entire ring. Install 2 Φ25 mortar anchors around the entire ring, 4.5m long (3.8m into the rock, 0.7m exposed), with a spacing of 0.8m between rows. Install 3 I20a arch frames around the entire ring, with a spacing of 1.0m.

[0042] 2. Construct a 50cm thick C35 reinforced concrete support ring 5 3m in front of the starting tunnel; embed a 20mm embedded steel plate 6 (2.2m long and 1.2m wide) inside the support ring 5. The embedded steel plate 6 is reinforced with 60cm long and Φ30mm round steel 10. The longitudinal spacing of the round steel 10 is 0.5m and the transverse spacing is 0.8m.

[0043] 3. The steel structure support box 4 (length × width × height: 2m × 1m × 0.6m) is made of 20mm steel plate, and 4 web plates 9 are set inside the box.

[0044] 4. The TBM has a total of 12 sets of propulsion cylinders 7. Only 6 sets of propulsion cylinders 7 are equipped with steel structure support boxes 4. The reaction force of the 6 sets of steel structure support boxes satisfies the thrust of the 6 sets of propulsion cylinders 7 when the TBM starts. The 6 sets of steel structure support boxes 4 provide support for the 6 sets of propulsion cylinders 7 of the TBM, so that the TBM can move forward.

[0045] The embodiments provided by this invention employ exposed anchor bolts. These system anchor bolts reinforce the surrounding rock, ensuring its stability. The exposed anchor bolts also allow the reinforced concrete support ring to integrate with the rock mass, further strengthening the shear resistance of the reinforced concrete support ring. The reinforced concrete support ring can be constructed before the TBM arrives on site, shortening the linear construction period. The support box can be prefabricated, is lightweight, and easy to install. Once the TBM has reached its designated position, it can be directly installed and reinforced, further shortening the linear construction period. This solves the technical problem of high construction difficulty and long construction period for reaction support structures when large-diameter single-shield TBMs are launched from small-section launch tunnels in existing technologies.

[0046] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A reaction tooling for a large-diameter single-shield TBM, characterized in that, The structure includes a steel mesh, an arch frame (3), mortar anchors (2), and a concrete layer (1) installed within the annular cross section of the starting tunnel. The steel mesh, arch frame (3), and mortar anchors (2) are all installed around the entire ring. A support ring (5) is installed within a preset distance in front of the starting tunnel. Multiple support boxes (4) are arranged around the support ring (5). Each support box (4) is used to support a single set of propulsion cylinder boot plates (8). Multiple mortar anchors (2) are evenly distributed around the annular cross section. A part of the mortar anchor (2) extends into the rock mass, and another part of the mortar anchor (2) is exposed. The exposed mortar anchor (2) is connected to the support ring (5).

2. The large-diameter single-shield TBM reaction tooling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support ring (5) is provided with a pre-embedded steel plate (6), which extends out of the support ring (5) and connects with the support box (4). The support box (4) is reinforced on the support ring (5) by the pre-embedded steel plate (6).

3. The reaction tooling for a large-diameter single-shield TBM according to claim 2, characterized in that, The embedded steel plate (6) is provided with round steel (10) for reinforcement.

4. The reaction tooling for a large-diameter single-shield TBM according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support box (4) is provided with multiple parallel web plates (9).

5. The reaction tooling for a large-diameter single-shield TBM according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the concrete layer (1) is 15cm to 20cm; the length of the mortar anchor (2) extending into the rock mass is 3.8m to 4.1m, the length of the exposed part of the mortar anchor (2) is 0.4m to 0.7m, and the spacing between the mortar anchors (2) is 0.4m to 1.0m.

6. The reaction tooling for a large-diameter single-shield TBM according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pre-set distance in front of the starting tunnel is set to 3m to 6m in front of the starting tunnel. The support ring (5) is set as a C35 reinforced concrete support ring with a thickness of 40cm to 50cm.

7. The reaction tooling for a large-diameter single-shield TBM according to claim 3, characterized in that, The length of the round steel (10) is 50cm to 80cm and the diameter is 20mm to 30mm. The longitudinal spacing of the round steel (10) on the embedded steel plate (6) is 0.4m to 0.6m and the transverse spacing is 0.5m to 1.0m.

8. A method for launching a large-diameter single-shield TBM reaction tool as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The method includes: Large-diameter single-shield TBM reaction tooling was used for tunnel excavation and support component construction. The support components included steel mesh, arch frame (3), mortar anchor (2) and concrete layer (1). A support ring (5) is arranged inside the support assembly; Large-diameter single-shield TBM steps into position; The support box (4) is processed and installed on the support ring (5); The large-diameter single-shield TBM is launched. The propulsion cylinder (7) of the large-diameter single-shield TBM is placed on the support box (4). The support box (4) provides a supporting force to the propulsion cylinder (7), which propels the large-diameter single-shield TBM forward under the action of the propulsion cylinder (7).

9. The initiation method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The construction of the support components includes the sequential installation of steel mesh, mortar anchor (2), arch frame (3) and concrete layer (1).

10. The initiation method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The processing and installation of the support box (4) includes: A single support box is made of steel plate with a thickness of 15cm to 25mm (4); Multiple support boxes (4) are installed around the support ring (5), and one support box (4) is installed at a position corresponding to each set of propulsion cylinders (7) of the large-diameter single-shield TBM.

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