A magnetorheological water-lubricated rubber bearing magnetic field enhancement device and magnetization synergistic regulation method based on inductive magnetization

Abstract

This invention relates to a magnetic field enhancement device and a synergistic control method for magnetorheological water-lubricated rubber bearings based on induction magnetization. The device includes a fixedly installed magnetorheological rubber bushing, a rotating shaft rotatably installed inside the magnetorheological rubber bushing and coaxially arranged therewith, an excitation component installed on the outer periphery of the magnetorheological rubber bushing, an induction magnetization component installed between the magnetorheological rubber bushing and the rotating shaft, and a commutation component electrically connected to the induction magnetization component. The control method includes: firstly, establishing a basic magnetic field in the working area of ​​the bushing; secondly, during the rotation of the rotating shaft, an array of induction coils cuts the basic magnetic field and generates an induced electromotive force; finally, through the commutation component, the magnetic field generated by the induced current and the basic magnetic field are kept in the same direction and synergistically superimposed in space and time. This magnetic field enhancement device can achieve magnetic field enhancement and smooth establishment in the working area of ​​the bushing without simply increasing the external excitation load, while taking into account losses, temperature rise, and engineering feasibility.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of magnetic field control technology of water-lubricated rubber bearings and magnetorheological elastomers, and relates to a magnetic field enhancement device for magnetorheological water-lubricated rubber bearings based on induction magnetization and a method for coordinated magnetization control. Background Technology

[0002] Water-lubricated rubber bearings are widely used in ship propulsion, underwater equipment, and other water-lubricated applications due to their advantages such as no need for oil lubrication, strong environmental adaptability, and low maintenance costs. To further improve the bearing's load-bearing capacity, friction performance, and vibration reduction capability under complex working conditions, researchers have proposed introducing magnetorheological elastomers or magnetically sensitive fillers into the rubber bushing. This allows the bushing material to exhibit adjustable stiffness, damping, and surface friction characteristics under the action of an external magnetic field, thereby achieving on-demand control of friction reduction, lubrication enhancement, and vibration control.

[0003] However, in existing technologies, to enable a magnetorheological elastomer to produce a significant response in the working region of the bushing, it is usually necessary to establish a magnetic field strength and distribution that meet its response requirements. Traditional solutions often use an outer excitation coil to directly provide the entire excitation magnetomotive force. Under high-speed conditions, large equivalent air gaps, or high target magnetic flux densities, it is often necessary to increase the coil current or the number of coil turns. This can easily lead to increased copper losses, higher temperature rise, increased heat dissipation pressure, and may also cause an increase in size and power supply burden. In addition, when the magnetic field changes over time, eddy current losses may occur in the metal shaft or metal magnetic components, further resulting in additional heat generation, energy loss, and equivalent drag torque. If non-metallic or low-conductivity materials are used to suppress eddy currents, the low permeability may make it difficult for the magnetic flux to concentrate on the working surface of the bushing, thereby weakening the magnetic field establishment efficiency.

[0004] On the other hand, the magnitude, direction, and spatial distribution of the magnetic field near the working surface of the bushing affect the orientation of the magnetic particle chain structure inside the magnetorheological elastomer and the evolution of its surface microstructure, thereby affecting the friction coefficient, lubrication state, and vibration characteristics. Traditional structures mainly rely on the passive establishment of magnetic flux through the outer magnetic circuit, making it difficult to balance magnetic field strength, directionality, and smoothness under high-speed, variable-speed, and off-center load conditions. If an induction coil is further installed on the shaft side and commutation is used to participate in magnetization, dynamic problems such as commutation timing, current abrupt changes, inductance hysteresis, sampling delay, and switching delay will be introduced, which may cause magnetic flux ripple, torque pulsation, additional resistance fluctuations, and increased vibration noise.

[0005] Therefore, how to ensure transmission efficiency and operational stability without simply relying on increasing the external excitation current or the number of coil turns, but instead utilize the induced magnetization effect introduced during the shaft rotation process to enhance the magnetic field in the working area of ​​the bushing and maintain good establishment smoothness, while also taking into account eddy current loss suppression, additional electromagnetic resistance constraints, and adaptability to off-center load conditions, remains a technical problem that needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, in order to solve the problems of insufficient magnetic field establishment efficiency in the working area of ​​the bushing of existing magnetorheological water-lubricated rubber bearings in engineering applications, large energy consumption and temperature rise due to reliance on external excitation, and uneven magnetic field distribution in the working area, making it difficult to balance magnetic field strength and stability, this invention provides a magnetic field enhancement device and a magnetization synergistic control method for magnetorheological water-lubricated rubber bearings based on induction magnetization. By establishing a magnetic field strength in the working area of ​​the bushing that meets the response requirements of the magnetorheological elastomer, and on this basis improving the spatial continuity, directionality and dynamic smoothness of the magnetic field, the dependence on external excitation is reduced, the magnetic field utilization efficiency is improved, and more stable magnetic field conditions are provided for friction control, lubrication control and vibration response control of the magnetorheological rubber bushing.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] A magnetic field enhancement device for a magnetorheological water-lubricated rubber bearing based on induction magnetization includes a fixedly installed magnetorheological rubber bushing, a rotating shaft rotatably installed inside the magnetorheological rubber bushing and coaxially installed therewith, an excitation component installed on the outer periphery of the magnetorheological rubber bushing, an induction magnetization component installed between the magnetorheological rubber bushing and the rotating shaft, and a commutation component electrically connected to the induction magnetization component.

[0009] The excitation assembly includes an array of excitation coils arranged circumferentially along the bushing and a magnetic core of the excitation coils that cooperates with them, used to form an excitation magnetic field that is spatially periodically distributed circumferentially in the working area of ​​the bushing; the induction magnetization assembly includes an array of induction coils and a magnetic core of the induction coils that cooperates with them, the array of induction coils used to cut the excitation magnetic field and generate an induced magnetization magnetic field when the shaft rotates; the commutation assembly is electrically connected to the array of induction coils, the commutation assembly used to switch the connection polarity, conduction state or both of the array of induction coils, so that the induced magnetization magnetic field generated by the array of induction coils is superimposed in the same direction with the excitation magnetic field in the working area of ​​the bushing, so as to enhance the combined magnetic field strength of the working area of ​​the bushing without simply increasing the external excitation burden.

[0010] Furthermore, the excitation coil array includes coils distributed circumferentially. Each excitation coil, with adjacent coils connected electrically and configured with alternating magnetic poles according to current direction, creates a spatially periodically distributed excitation magnetic field in the working area of ​​the bushing, establishing a spatial magnetic field distribution that meets the requirements for induction magnetization. The induction coil array includes... One induction coil, This refers to the number of induction coil groups or phase groups, and the number of excitation coils. The number of induction coil groups is even. These groups can be arranged at equal circumferential intervals or at predetermined phase intervals. The value of M can be determined comprehensively based on the smoothness of the target magnetic field distribution, manufacturing complexity, and implementation method. Generally, increasing the number of induction coil groups helps reduce the equivalent ripple of the synthesized magnetic field, making the magnetic field distribution in the bushing working area smoother and more continuous.

[0011] Furthermore, the magnetic core of the induction coil is a ring, a segmented ring, or multiple magnetic conductors arranged circumferentially, and is magnetically coupled to the induction coil array; the magnetic core of the induction coil adopts any one of the following structures: segmented structure, laminated structure, or soft magnetic composite material structure, in order to improve magnetic flux coupling efficiency and reduce eddy current loss.

[0012] Furthermore, a rotor surface friction layer is provided on the outer surface of the shaft. This rotor surface friction layer is a ceramic layer or a polymer wear-resistant layer, used to form a water film lubrication interface with the magnetorheological rubber bushing and to suppress closed eddy current loops on the surface. These measures help to enhance the magnetic field in the working area of ​​the bushing while simultaneously controlling losses and temperature rise.

[0013] Furthermore, the outer periphery of the magnetorheological rubber bushing is fitted with two bearing outer ring fixing supports with the same structural shape. The bearing outer ring fixing supports are installed on both sides of the excitation assembly. The bearing outer ring fixing supports are used to support the magnetorheological rubber bushing and provide installation space for the excitation assembly.

[0014] Furthermore, induction coil fixing support seats are provided on both sides of the magnetic core of the induction coil for installing, positioning and supporting the induction coil array and the magnetic core of the induction coil.

[0015] Furthermore, a heat dissipation gap A is provided between the bearing outer ring fixed support and the excitation coil array, and a heat dissipation gap B is provided between the induction coil fixed support and the induction coil array. Heat dissipation gaps A and B are filled with a heat-conducting medium to form a heat conduction channel.

[0016] Furthermore, the commutation component can be an electronic commutation circuit or a mechanical commutation structure. When electronic commutation is used, the commutation component is used to make the current of the induction coil change with the electrical angle, thereby making the induction magnetization process more continuous. When mechanical commutation is used, the mechanical commutation structure realizes the periodic switching of the polarity of the induction coil array connection through the commutator segments and the brush assembly. The commutation component can adopt either electronic or mechanical commutation. The power supply, drive, detection, protection, and control means related to commutation can be selected according to the specific working conditions and engineering implementation requirements. The implementation methods are intended to ensure the stable superposition of the induction magnetization magnetic field and the excitation magnetic field, but they do not constitute a limitation on the core magnetization principle of this invention.

[0017] Furthermore, the commutation assembly also includes a control unit, which controls the current of the induction coil to change with the electrical angle in an approximately sinusoidal envelope manner, so as to reduce the current abrupt change and magnetic flux density ripple during the magnetic field superposition process, and make the bushing working area form a more continuous and stable synthetic magnetic field distribution.

[0018] Furthermore, the commutation component employs soft commutation within the commutation interval. This is achieved through at least one of the following: gradual duty cycle change, dead-time control, or freewheeling path control. This reduces current surges and magnetic field fluctuations caused by coil inductance, current switching, and state transitions. Soft commutation further reduces synthetic magnetic field ripple, additional vibration, and noise, resulting in a smoother and more stable magnetic field enhancement process.

[0019] The magnetization synergistic control method for the magnetorheological water-lubricated rubber bearing magnetic field enhancement device based on the above-mentioned induction magnetization includes the following steps:

[0020] S1. Establish an excitation magnetic field with a spatial periodic distribution along the circumference in the working area of ​​the bushing as the basic magnetic field;

[0021] S2. During the rotation of the shaft, the induction coil array cuts the basic magnetic field of step S1 and generates an induced magnetizing magnetic field.

[0022] S3. Based on the shaft angle information or its corresponding electrical angle information, switch the connection polarity and conduction state of the induction coil array, or switch both simultaneously, so that the induced magnetic field generated by the induction coil array in step S2 is in the same direction and superimposed with the basic magnetic field in step S1 in space and time, so as to improve the combined magnetic field strength of the bushing working area.

[0023] S4. Adjust the current of the induction coil in step S3 to change with the electrical angle, so as to enhance and smoothly establish the synthetic magnetic field in the working area of ​​the bushing.

[0024] Furthermore, in step S4, since the current in the induction coil may have a certain phase difference relative to the ideal electrical angle, the superposition of the induced magnetizing magnetic field and the excitation magnetic field can form a composite magnetic field with both normal and tangential components on the working surface of the bushing. This composite magnetic field is beneficial for inducing a more directional response in the internal magnetic particle chain structure and surface micromorphology of the magnetorheological elastomer, thereby improving the water film lubrication state and friction control effect under certain operating conditions.

[0025] Furthermore, in step S4, the phase difference can be utilized or constrained by the commutation advance angle, waveform shaping parameters, or current adjustment parameters.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0027] 1. The magnetic field enhancement device for magnetorheological water-lubricated rubber bearings based on induction magnetization disclosed in this invention enhances the magnetic field in the working area of ​​the bearing sleeve by synergistically superimposing the excitation magnetic field of the outer ring with the induction magnetization magnetic field on the shaft side in the same direction, without simply increasing the external excitation load. Simultaneously, since the induction magnetization magnetic field is gradually established along the shaft rotation process and continuously superimposed with the excitation magnetic field, combined with the grouped arrangement of induction coils, continuous commutation, and waveform modulation, the ripple of the synthesized magnetic field can be reduced and the smoothness of the magnetic field distribution can be improved. Through a stronger and more stable magnetic field, the magnetic response control capability of the magnetorheological rubber bearing sleeve can be improved, thus providing more favorable conditions for optimizing friction, lubrication, and vibration performance. Therefore, this invention can achieve the enhancement and smooth establishment of the magnetic field in the working area of ​​the magnetorheological water-lubricated rubber bearing sleeve under different speeds, different loads, and certain complex working conditions, while also considering the energy consumption, losses, and feasibility requirements in engineering applications.

[0028] 2. The magnetic field enhancement device for magnetorheological water-lubricated rubber bearings based on induction magnetization disclosed in this invention differs from schemes that mainly rely on adjusting the excitation intensity of the outer ring, closed-loop control, or adjusting the working state of the material to change the working magnetic field. This invention introduces an induction magnetization magnetic field during the rotation of the shaft and makes it superimposed in the same direction with the excitation magnetic field in the working area of ​​the bushing. Thus, the magnetic field establishment process in the working area of ​​the bushing is expanded from the action of a single excitation source to a synergistic magnetization process in which the excitation magnetic field and the induction magnetization magnetic field work together.

[0029] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination, or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the magnetorheological water-lubricated rubber bearing magnetic field enhancement device of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the magnetic field enhancement device;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the magnetorheological rubber bushing of the present invention and the distribution of the excitation coil array and the induction coil array;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the induction coil and the excitation coil of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the wiring principle of the electronic commutation method in the commutation component of the present invention. Figure 5 (a) is a concentrated excitation structure for a DC excitation coil; Figure 5 (b) is a grouped electronic commutation control structure for the induction coil array;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the magnetic flux path of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a power topology diagram of an embodiment of the electronic commutation of the present invention. Figure 7 (a) is a single-module control bridge system. Figure 7 (b) is a multi-module parallel expansion architecture;

[0038] Figure 8 This is a structural block diagram of a power supply embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the commutation timing and soft commutation waveforms of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 10 This is a functional block diagram of the control implementation method of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the mechanical commutator structure of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the changes in the tilted synthetic magnetic field and microstructure of the present invention.

[0043] Reference numerals in the attached figures: 1-Magnetorheological rubber bushing; 2-Induction coil fixed support; 3-Excitation coil magnetic core; 4-Bearing outer ring fixed support; 5-Excitation coil array (5-1 to 5-N); 6-Rotor surface friction layer; 7-Induction coil array (7-11 to 7-NM); 8-Induction coil magnetic core; 9-Shaft. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0045] The specific structure of the magnetic field enhancement device based on induction magnetization is as follows:

[0046] like Figure 1 , 2 The magnetic field enhancement device for magnetorheological water-lubricated rubber bearing based on induction magnetization shown includes a fixedly installed magnetorheological rubber bushing 1, a rotating shaft 9 rotatably installed inside the magnetorheological rubber bushing 1 and coaxially installed therewith, an excitation component installed on the outer periphery of the magnetorheological rubber bushing 1, an induction magnetization component installed between the magnetorheological rubber bushing 1 and the rotating shaft 9, and a commutation component electrically connected to the induction magnetization component. After being acted upon by the commutation component, the induction magnetization component generates an induction magnetization magnetic field, and the induction magnetization magnetic field and the excitation magnetic field generated by the excitation component are superimposed in the same direction in the working area of ​​the bushing, thereby enhancing the combined magnetic field in the working area of ​​the bushing.

[0047] Specifically, the magnetorheological rubber bushing 1 is a magnetorheological water-lubricated rubber bushing, with a matching gap between its inner diameter and the outer diameter of the rotating shaft 9 to form a water film lubrication interface. The gap between the magnetorheological rubber bushing 1 and the rotating shaft 9 can be determined based on the bearing specifications, speed range, load conditions, and lubrication conditions. In some embodiments, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the inner surface of the bushing 1 can be provided with several inner surface grooves C for water storage, chip removal, and forming a dynamic wedge to improve water film stability and facilitate the formation of restoring force under off-center load conditions. The groove structure on the inner surface of the bushing 1 is a preferred configuration and is not a necessary condition for realizing the inductive magnetization function of this invention.

[0048] Two identical bearing outer ring fixing supports 4 are fitted around the outer periphery of the magnetorheological rubber bushing 1. The bearing outer ring fixing supports 4 are mounted on both sides of the excitation assembly, serving to support the magnetorheological rubber bushing 1 and provide installation space for the excitation assembly. In some embodiments, the bearing outer ring fixing supports 4 may be made of metal, composite materials, or materials that combine structural support and magnetic conduction to meet the requirements for load bearing, installation, and magnetic flux guidance.

[0049] To reduce the likelihood of closed eddy current loops forming on the surface of the shaft under time-varying magnetic field conditions and to improve wear and corrosion resistance, a rotor surface friction layer 6 can be provided on the outer surface of the shaft 9. The rotor surface friction layer 6 is preferably a ceramic layer or a polymer wear-resistant layer, which can both form a water film lubrication interface with the magnetorheological rubber bushing 1 and help weaken the surface eddy current loop. This measure is a preferred embodiment.

[0050] like Figure 4 As shown, the excitation assembly includes an excitation coil array 5 arranged circumferentially along the magnetorheological rubber bushing 1 and a cooperating excitation coil magnetic core 3, used to form an excitation magnetic field spatially and periodically distributed along the circumferential direction in the working area of ​​the bushing. The excitation coil array 5 consists of N excitation coils, arranged uniformly or at predetermined intervals along the circumferential direction, with N preferably being an even number. The excitation coil magnetic core 3 is used to provide a closed magnetic circuit, reduce magnetic resistance, and improve the utilization efficiency of magnetic flux in the working area of ​​the bushing.

[0051] The adjacent excitation coils of the excitation coil array 5 can be configured with alternating magnetic poles through electrical connection and current direction, thereby establishing an excitation magnetic field with a spatially periodic distribution along the circumference in the working area of ​​the bushing. The alternating magnetic poles can be achieved by means of series connection, parallel connection, segmented independent power supply, or matrix power supply, etc., and the present invention does not limit this.

[0052] In some embodiments, to accommodate uneven loading or circumferential air gap conditions, the excitation coil array 5 can be arranged in segments or driven in segments. The excitation coils in different circumferential sections can be powered separately to reshape the magnetic field distribution in the working area when needed. This structure is a preferred embodiment.

[0053] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the induction magnetization assembly includes an induction coil array 7 mounted on a rotating shaft 9 and a cooperating induction coil magnetic core 8. The induction coil array 7 cuts the excitation magnetic field and generates an induced electromotive force when the rotating shaft 9 rotates. Induction coil fixing support seats 2 are also provided on both sides of the induction coil magnetic core 8 for mounting, positioning, and supporting the induction coil array 7 and the induction coil magnetic core 8. When the rotating shaft 9 rotates, the induction coil array 7 cuts the magnetic flux in the spatial periodic magnetic field formed by the excitation assembly, thereby generating an induced electromotive force.

[0054] In this embodiment, the induction coil array 7 includes N×M induction coils, divided into M groups. Each group of induction coils can be arranged at equal circumferential intervals or at predetermined phase intervals to form a multi-phase winding structure. Each group of coils can be connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed series-parallel connection to obtain the required induced voltage level and current capability. Generally, increasing M helps to reduce the equivalent ripple of the synthetic magnetic field, making the magnetic field distribution in the working area of ​​the bushing smoother and more continuous.

[0055] The magnetic core 8 of the induction coil can be a ring-shaped, segmented ring-shaped, or a structure of several magnetically conductive blocks arranged circumferentially, and magnetically coupled to the induction coil array 7 to improve magnetic flux coupling and enhance the magnetic field distribution in the working area. In some preferred embodiments, the magnetic core 8 of the induction coil can be a segmented structure, a laminated structure, or a soft magnetic composite material structure to reduce eddy current losses and temperature rise in the core.

[0056] The commutation component is electrically connected to the induction coil array 7 and is configured to switch the connection polarity, conduction state, or both of the induction coil array 7 simultaneously, so that the induced magnetizing magnetic field generated by the induction coil array 7 is superimposed in the same direction with the excitation magnetic field in the working area of ​​the bushing, so as to enhance the synthetic magnetic field in the working area of ​​the bushing without simply increasing the external excitation burden.

[0057] The core of this embodiment lies in the fact that by setting up a commutation component, the induced magnetizing magnetic field generated by the induction coil array 7 is kept in the same direction and superimposed with the excitation magnetic field generated by the excitation component in the working area of ​​the bushing. As a result, the magnetic field in the working area of ​​the bushing is no longer provided solely by the outer ring excitation component, but is formed by the combined action of the outer ring excitation magnetic field and the induced magnetizing magnetic field on the shaft side, thereby increasing the combined magnetic field strength in the working area of ​​the bushing without simply increasing the external excitation burden.

[0058] In some embodiments, to reduce temperature rise and improve heat dissipation, a heat dissipation gap A can be provided between the bearing outer ring fixing support 4 and the excitation coil array 5, and a heat dissipation gap B can be provided between the induction coil fixing support 2 and the induction coil array 7. Heat dissipation gaps A and B can be filled with a heat-conducting medium to form heat conduction channels. The above-mentioned heat dissipation structure is a preferred configuration to improve the long-term operational reliability of the device.

[0059] Through the above structural design, this embodiment can form a synthetic magnetic field in the working area of ​​the bushing of the magnetorheological water-lubricated rubber bearing, which is a result of the combined effect of the outer ring excitation and the induced magnetization on the shaft side, while taking into account the requirements of magnetic flux utilization efficiency, eddy current suppression, water film lubrication and structural feasibility.

[0060] The control method of superimposing the induced magnetizing magnetic field and the excitation magnetic field in the same direction is as follows:

[0061] In this embodiment, to ensure stable and smooth co-directional superposition of the induced magnetic field generated by the induction coil array 7 and the excitation magnetic field generated by the excitation component in the working area of ​​the bushing, a commutation component electrically connected to the induction coil array 7 is provided. The commutation component is used to switch the connection polarity and conduction state of each group of induction coils, or switch both simultaneously, according to the mechanical angle information of the rotating shaft or its corresponding electrical angle information.

[0062] In one implementation, such as Figure 5As shown, the commutation assembly adopts electronic commutation, including a power conversion circuit, a gate drive circuit, and a control unit. Each set of induction coils can correspond to a set of bidirectional switches, H-bridges, or equivalent power units, and the coil current direction can be reversed by switching the conduction state; or multiple sets of coils can form a multiphase system, which is uniformly driven by a multiphase bridge power converter.

[0063] Figure 5 The diagram clearly illustrates the structures for generating and coordinating two types of magnetic fields: Figure 5 (a) is a DC excitation coil concentrated excitation structure that provides constant magnetomotive force through an external power supply; Figure 5 (b) is an electronic commutation control structure for grouping induction coil arrays. The induction coils are divided into M groups, and the end of each group is electrically connected and controlled by independent switching components (such as K1, K2, etc.), thereby realizing independent switching of the connection polarity and / or conduction state of different coil groups.

[0064] In another implementation, the commutation component may also employ mechanical commutation. Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a mechanical commutator. The mechanical commutation structure may include a commutator segment disposed at the end of the shaft and a brush assembly in contact with it. The commutator segment is segmented circumferentially to form multiple conductive areas. Each conductive area is connected to the lead wire of the corresponding induction coil group. The brush assembly slides in contact with the commutator segment and periodically switches the polarity of the electrical connection as the shaft rotates, thereby ensuring that the magnetic field generated by the induction coil is in the same direction and coordinated with the excitation magnetic field. To improve reliability, the commutation structure may be arranged in a sealed area isolated from the water-lubricated area.

[0065] The core of the co-directional superposition control method of the induced magnetizing magnetic field and the excitation magnetic field is not to output the driving torque, but to make the induced magnetizing magnetic field as consistent as possible with the excitation magnetic field in terms of spatial position and temporal variation, thereby ensuring the effectiveness and smoothness of the magnetic field enhancement process. Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the magnetic flux path of the present invention. This cross-sectional view not only shows the internal structure of the induction magnetizing device in detail, but also illustrates that by optimizing the magnetic circuit design, the magnetic flux density can be effectively guided and concentrated, thereby improving the overall performance of the bearing. The reference numeral g in the figure refers to the air gap between the bushing and the shaft.

[0066] In addition, the commutation assembly also includes a control unit. The control unit can generate polarity commands and amplitude modulation amounts for each group of induction coils based on the number of excitation coils N, the winding phase relationship and the shaft angle information, so that the induction coil current changes with the electrical angle. The purpose is to ensure the continuous establishment and smooth superposition of the induction magnetization process, rather than simply performing closed-loop adjustment of the existing magnetic field.

[0067] In a preferred embodiment, the control unit can make the current of the induction coil change with the electrical angle in an approximately sinusoidal envelope manner, so as to reduce the current abrupt change and magnetic flux density ripple during the magnetic field superposition process, and make the bushing working area form a more continuous and stable synthetic magnetic field distribution.

[0068] In some preferred embodiments, to reduce current surges, electromagnetic shocks, and additional vibrations during commutation, the control unit can employ soft commutation within the commutation interval. Soft commutation can be achieved through gradual duty cycle changes, dead-time control, freewheeling path control, or equivalent methods. Soft commutation further suppresses sudden current changes and magnetic field fluctuations, making the superposition process of the induced magnetizing magnetic field and the excitation magnetic field smoother. Furthermore, when the commutation assembly uses electronic commutation, the relevant power supply, drive, detection, and protection circuits can be selected according to specific operating conditions, as long as they can ensure stable commutation of the induction coil array and the generation of an induced magnetizing magnetic field in the same direction as the excitation magnetic field.

[0069] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the power topology for an electronic commutation implementation method; Figure 7 (a) is a single-module control bridge system. The microcontroller precisely controls the switching transistor to turn on and off through the PWM signal, thereby providing alternating current to a single induction coil (L1) to achieve soft commutation and magnetic field regulation. Figure 7 (b) presents a multi-module parallel expansion architecture, demonstrating a topology where multiple independent "control bridge systems" (such as control bridge systems U1, U2, U3, etc.) are connected in parallel. Each independent module is responsible for driving a corresponding induction coil group, and all modules uniformly receive PWM control signals from the host computer. This architecture not only achieves high-precision, independent electronic commutation control of the induction coils, but also provides a reliable hardware expansion foundation for large-scale engineering applications of multiple induction coil arrays through modular parallel design.

[0070] Figure 8 This diagram illustrates the structural block diagram of the power supply implementation method. It showcases the hardware workflow and modular architecture of a complete self-powered wireless inductive magnetization system, detailing the closed-loop process from energy harvesting to logic control. This solves the problem of independent power supply and drive for distributed induction coil arrays. Through an innovative design of "front-end coil self-powering + supercapacitor energy storage + distributed logic control," this architecture enables each induction coil array to achieve completely independent and self-sufficient wireless drive, significantly improving the system's integration, reliability, and scalability under complex operating conditions.

[0071] In some implementations, to improve system stability and engineering feasibility, the control unit can also be configured with current sampling, magnetic field sampling, or temperature sampling, and combined with strategies such as current limiting, power limiting, slope limiting, or derating control to constrain the induction magnetization process, so that the additional electromagnetic resistance, losses, and temperature rise are kept within preset ranges. These measures ensure a smooth and reliable magnetic field enhancement process, but do not change the core principle of this invention: achieving magnetic field enhancement through the synergistic superposition of the induction magnetization magnetic field and the excitation magnetic field in the same direction.

[0072] Figure 10 The diagram illustrates the closed-loop workflow of the induction magnetization control system based on angle feedback. By acquiring the rotor angle and real-time current, the system achieves precise control of the magnetic field output of the induction coil through current loop PI regulation, PWM generation, and power bridge drive. It also combines magnetic field and temperature feedback for coordinated amplitude limiting protection.

[0073] In some implementations, to adapt to uneven loading or circumferential air gap conditions, the control unit can also adjust the excitation current or induced magnetization intensity in different circumferential sections to reshape the magnetic field distribution in the bushing working area, thereby reducing the risk of local magnetic field unevenness, additional vibration, and local wear. This adjustment method is a preferred control strategy. When the commutation component adopts electronic commutation, the relevant power supply method can be selected according to the specific operating conditions, as long as it can ensure that the induction coil array achieves stable commutation and generates an induced magnetization magnetic field in the same direction as the excitation magnetic field.

[0074] Through the above control method, this embodiment enables the induced magnetic field and the excitation magnetic field to achieve smooth and stable co-directional synergistic superposition in the working area of ​​the bushing, thereby not only improving the magnetic field strength, but also reducing the ripple of the synthesized magnetic field and the resulting additional vibration and noise.

[0075] The method for coordinated control of magnetization in a magnetorheological water-lubricated rubber bearing magnetic field enhancement device based on induction magnetization includes the following steps:

[0076] S1. Establish an excitation magnetic field with a spatial periodic distribution along the circumference in the working area of ​​the bushing as the basic magnetic field;

[0077] S2. During the rotation of the shaft, the induction coil array cuts the basic magnetic field of step S1 and generates an induced electromotive force.

[0078] S3. Based on the shaft angle information or its corresponding electrical angle information, switch the connection polarity or conduction state of the induction coil array so that the induced magnetic field generated by the induction coil array is in the same direction and superimposed with the basic magnetic field in step S1 in space and time, so as to improve the combined magnetic field strength of the bushing working area.

[0079] S4. Adjust the current of the induction coil to change with the electrical angle in order to enhance and smoothly establish the synthetic magnetic field in the working area of ​​the bushing.

[0080] Controllable utilization of phase difference adjustment and tilted synthetic magnetic field

[0081] Based on the synergistic superposition of the induced magnetic field and the excitation magnetic field in the same direction, the magnetic field distribution characteristics and their availability when there is a phase difference between the induction coil current and the ideal electrical angle are further considered.

[0082] In actual operation, due to factors such as coil inductance, resistance, switching delay, control delay, and dynamic response of the magnetic circuit, the current of the induction coil is usually not strictly synchronized with the ideal electrical angle, but may be ahead or behind to some extent. As a result, after the induced magnetizing magnetic field and the excitation magnetic field are superimposed on the working surface of the bushing, a tilted composite magnetic field with both normal and tangential components can be formed.

[0083] like Figure 12 As shown, the tilted synthetic magnetic field can induce directional response characteristics in the internal magnetic particle chain structure and surface micromorphology of the magnetorheological elastomer. In the attached figures, reference numeral 1-a represents the ferromagnetic particles inside the magnetorheological elastomer; reference numeral 1-b represents the magnetostrictive surface micromorphology. Compared to a magnetic field with only a single normal action, this tilted synthetic magnetic field is more conducive to forming a surface response related to the relative motion direction of the rotating shaft under certain operating conditions, thereby improving the water film lubrication state and friction control effect. In some embodiments, the phase difference... It can be used or constrained as an adjustable parameter. Specifically, the phase difference of the induced current can be controlled by adjusting the commutation time, setting the advance angle or lag angle, adjusting the amplitude modulation parameters, changing the soft commutation window range, or adjusting the current loop related parameters, so as to obtain the desired direction and distribution characteristics of the synthetic magnetic field.

[0084] In other implementations, when the system objective is more focused on reducing ripple, minimizing disturbances, or limiting additional electromagnetic drag, the phase difference can be... The induced magnetizing magnetic field should be kept within a relatively small range to ensure that it is in the same direction as the excitation magnetic field as closely as possible. However, when the system objective is to improve lubrication or friction characteristics by utilizing directional surface response, a certain phase difference can be retained or introduced within permissible limits. This makes the tilted synthetic magnetic field a usable design degree of freedom.

[0085] Figure 9 The diagram shows the commutation timing and soft commutation waveform. It illustrates the control mechanism that introduces phase compensation delay to advance the commutation point of the control signal, thereby forming a soft commutation window within a specific range. This effectively suppresses the current spikes, jumps, and ringing phenomena (reduced ripple) caused by hard commutation of the induction coil in the induction magnetization system.

[0086] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the phase difference... The utilization of the tilted synthetic magnetic field still relies on the structure of the induction magnetization magnetic field enhancement device and the control method of co-superimposing the induction magnetization magnetic field and the excitation magnetic field in the same direction. Phase difference It is not a necessary prerequisite for the realization of the inductive magnetization function of the present invention, but it can be used as a preferred design means to further improve the surface magnetic response, lubrication state and friction control effect of magnetorheological rubber bushing.

[0087] Through the above methods, this embodiment can further utilize the dynamic phase characteristics in the induction magnetization process while ensuring the basic function of magnetic field enhancement, so that the working surface of the bushing can obtain a synthetic magnetic field distribution with directional characteristics, thereby expanding the application capability of this invention in the friction and lubrication control of magnetorheological water-lubricated rubber bearings.

[0088] Modifications and Alternative Implementations

[0089] Without departing from the core concept of this invention, namely, to enhance the magnetic field by superimposing the induced magnetic field and the excitation magnetic field in the same direction in the working area of ​​the bushing, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and substitutions to this invention.

[0090] For example, the number, circumferential arrangement, grouping method, and electrical connection method of the excitation coil array and the induction coil array can be adjusted according to the bearing size, target magnetic field distribution, and manufacturing conditions; the excitation coil array can be connected in series, in parallel, segmented independent power supply, or other equivalent connection methods, and the induction coil array can also adopt different phase numbers and different winding connection forms.

[0091] The magnetic cores of the excitation coil and the magnetic cores of the induction coil can be made of different materials, with different segmentation methods, different lamination methods, or different magnetic circuit configurations; the wear-resistant layer, insulating layer, or low-conductivity surface layer structure on the outer surface of the shaft can also be replaced according to the working medium and wear resistance requirements.

[0092] Commutation can be achieved through mechanical commutation or electronic commutation. When electronic commutation is used, different forms of driving, modulation, detection and protection methods can be combined to achieve the switching of connection polarity and / or conduction state of the induction coil array. Angle information can be obtained through position sensors or through estimation.

[0093] In addition, the sealing structure, heat dissipation structure, water film lubrication interface structure, and auxiliary structures related to off-center load conditions can all be selected or adjusted according to specific application scenarios, as long as they do not change the basic principle of this invention to enhance and smooth the magnetic field in the working area of ​​the bushing through the synergistic effect of induction magnetization and excitation magnetic field.

[0094] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A magnetic field enhancement device for magnetorheological water-lubricated rubber bearings based on induction magnetization, characterized in that, It includes a fixed magnetorheological rubber bushing (1), a rotating shaft (9) rotatably disposed inside the magnetorheological rubber bushing (1) and coaxially disposed therewith, an excitation assembly disposed on the outer periphery of the magnetorheological rubber bushing (1), an induction magnetization assembly disposed between the magnetorheological rubber bushing (1) and the rotating shaft (9), and a commutation assembly electrically connected to the induction magnetization assembly; The excitation assembly includes an excitation coil array (5) arranged along the circumference of the bushing and an excitation coil magnetic core (3) that cooperates with it, which is used to form an excitation magnetic field that is spatially periodically distributed along the circumference in the working area of ​​the bushing; the induction magnetization assembly includes an induction coil array (7) and an induction coil magnetic core (8) that cooperates with it. The induction coil array (7) is used to cut the excitation magnetic field and generate an induced magnetization magnetic field when the rotating shaft (9) rotates; the commutation assembly is electrically connected to the induction coil array (7). The commutation assembly is used to switch the connection polarity, conduction state or both of the induction coil array (7) so that the induced magnetization magnetic field generated by the induction coil array (7) is superimposed in the same direction with the excitation magnetic field in the working area of ​​the bushing, thereby increasing the combined magnetic field strength in the working area of ​​the bushing.

2. The magnetorheological water-lubricated rubber bearing magnetic field enhancement device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The excitation coil array (5) includes coils distributed circumferentially. One excitation coil, the number of excitation coils The number of adjacent excitation coils is even, and they are configured with alternating magnetic poles through electrical connection and current direction to form a spatially periodically distributed excitation magnetic field in the working area of ​​the bushing; the induction coil array (7) includes a division into group One induction coil.

3. The magnetorheological water-lubricated rubber bearing magnetic field enhancement device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic core (8) of the induction coil is a ring, a segmented ring, or multiple magnetic conductors arranged circumferentially, and is magnetically coupled to the induction coil array (7); the magnetic core (8) of the induction coil adopts any one of the following structures: segmented structure, stacked structure, or soft magnetic composite material structure, in order to reduce eddy current loss.

4. The magnetorheological water-lubricated rubber bearing magnetic field enhancement device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The outer surface of the rotating shaft (9) is provided with a rotor surface friction layer (6), which is a ceramic layer or a polymer wear-resistant layer, used to form a water film lubrication interface with the magnetorheological rubber bushing (1) and suppress the surface closed eddy current loop.

5. The magnetorheological water-lubricated rubber bearing magnetic field enhancement device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetorheological rubber bushing (1) is fitted with two bearing outer ring fixing support seats (4) with the same structural shape. The bearing outer ring fixing support seats (4) are installed on both sides of the excitation assembly. The bearing outer ring fixing support seats (4) are used to support the magnetorheological rubber bushing (1) and provide installation space for the excitation assembly. The induction coil magnetic core (8) is also provided with induction coil fixing support seats (2) on both sides for installing, positioning and supporting the induction coil array (7) and the induction coil magnetic core (8).

6. The magnetorheological water-lubricated rubber bearing magnetic field enhancement device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, A heat dissipation gap A is provided between the bearing outer ring fixed support (4) and the excitation coil array (5), and a heat dissipation gap B is provided between the induction coil fixed support (2) and the induction coil array (7). Heat dissipation gaps A and B are filled with heat-conducting medium to form a heat-conducting channel.

7. The magnetorheological water-lubricated rubber bearing magnetic field enhancement device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The commutation component is an electronic commutation circuit or a mechanical commutation structure. When electronic commutation is used, the commutation component is used to make the current of the induction coil change with the electrical angle. When mechanical commutation is used, the mechanical commutation structure realizes the periodic switching of the polarity of the induction coil array connection through the commutator and the brush assembly.

8. The magnetorheological water-lubricated rubber bearing magnetic field enhancement device as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The commutation assembly also includes a control unit, which controls the current of the induction coil to change with the electrical angle in an approximately sinusoidal envelope manner, so as to reduce the current surge and magnetic flux density ripple during the magnetic field superposition process, and make the composite magnetic field distribution in the working area of ​​the bushing more continuous and stable. The commutation assembly adopts a soft commutation method in the commutation interval, and suppresses the current surge and electromagnetic shock caused by the inductance of the induction coil by at least one of duty cycle gradual change, dead zone control or freewheeling path control, so as to improve the smoothness of the composite magnetic field establishment.

9. A method for coordinated control of magnetic field enhancement based on the magnetic field enhancement device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Establish an excitation magnetic field with a spatial periodic distribution along the circumference in the working area of ​​the bushing as the basic magnetic field; S2. During the rotation of the shaft, the induction coil array cuts the basic magnetic field of step S1 and generates an induced magnetizing magnetic field. S3. Based on the shaft angle information or its corresponding electrical angle information, switch the connection polarity and conduction state of the induction coil array, or switch both simultaneously, so that the induced magnetic field generated by the induction coil array in step S2 is in the same direction and superimposed with the basic magnetic field in step S1 in space and time, so as to improve the combined magnetic field strength of the bushing working area. S4. Adjust the current of the induction coil in step S3 to change with the electrical angle, so as to enhance and smoothly establish the synthetic magnetic field in the working area of ​​the bushing.

10. The magnetization synergistic control method as described in claim 9, characterized in that, In step S4, since there is a phase difference between the current of the induction coil and the electrical angle, the induced magnetizing magnetic field and the excitation magnetic field are superimposed to form an inclined composite magnetic field with both normal and tangential components on the working surface of the bushing. The phase difference can be utilized or constrained by the commutation advance angle, waveform shaping parameters or current adjustment parameters.

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