A constrained layer damping water-lubricated bearing and a method for manufacturing the same

Abstract

This invention belongs to the technical field of bearings and discloses a constraint-layer damped water-lubricated bearing and its preparation method. The bearing comprises, from the outside to the inside, a metal support sleeve, a viscoelastic energy-dissipating layer, and a wear-resistant water-lubricating layer. The metal support sleeve is a hollow sleeve with a through hole and a flow hole on its bottom surface to mate with the spindle. The viscoelastic energy-dissipating layer is disposed between the metal support sleeve and the wear-resistant water-lubricating layer. The wear-resistant water-lubricating layer is also a hollow sleeve, with its bottom surface fitting against the bottom surface of the metal support sleeve. A flow hole is also provided on the bottom surface corresponding to the flow hole on the metal sleeve. A spiral groove connected to the flow hole is provided on the inner wall of the wear-resistant water-lubricating layer, allowing water to enter the spiral groove from the flow hole, thus achieving water lubrication between the bearing and the spindle. This invention solves the problem of being unable to suppress vibration transmission while maintaining water lubrication.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of bearing-related technology, and more specifically, relates to a constraint layer damped water-lubricated bearing and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Water-lubricated bearings are widely used in marine engineering equipment, pumps, and related rotating machinery due to their advantages such as no oil contamination, good media compatibility, and simplified systems. However, as deep-sea equipment develops towards higher pressure, longer operating cycles, and higher reliability, the stability and lifespan of water-lubricated bearings under ultra-high pressure differentials, low-viscosity media, and complex load conditions are becoming increasingly prominent issues. Because water has low viscosity and is prone to interfacial fluid deficit under high pressure, the bearing lubricating film thickness easily decreases, leading to increased friction and temperature rise. This, in turn, intensifies wear, accelerates clearance evolution, and degrades performance, affecting the long-term reliable operation of the equipment.

[0003] On the other hand, for deep-sea submersible equipment, low vibration and low noise are not only related to the quality of equipment operation, but also directly related to the requirements for underwater acoustic characteristic control and stealth performance. As one of the key components of submersibles, rotating machinery such as seawater pumps often experience dynamic excitations such as pressure pulsations and structural vibrations in actual working conditions, in addition to bearing radial loads. This vibration energy can propagate along the supporting structure and generate noise radiation, adversely affecting the overall acoustic characteristics of the machine. Therefore, improving bearing structural damping and suppressing vibration transmission while meeting load-bearing and lifespan requirements is a crucial requirement that must be considered in deep-sea equipment applications. Traditional water-lubricated bearings often use a single wear-resistant bushing material (such as polymers or composite materials) to improve friction and wear performance, but their structural damping is limited and cannot effectively suppress vibration transmission. If external vibration reduction measures or flexible bushing solutions are used, problems such as reduced support stiffness, limited load-bearing capacity, or low structural integration may arise, making it difficult to simultaneously meet the requirements for load-bearing, wear resistance, and vibration reduction.

[0004] Furthermore, for the self-lubricating enhancement of water-lubricated bearings, existing technologies often incorporate grooves on the friction surface to improve fluid supply and load-bearing capacity. However, under complex operating conditions, it is still necessary to consider the geometric stability of the grooves, machining consistency, and bearing assembly precision. For composite bearing structures composed of different material layers, there are also risks such as insufficient interfacial bonding strength, aging resistance to water media, and delamination caused by differences in thermal expansion, especially under long-term cyclic loading, which can easily lead to interfacial debonding and performance drift. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a composite water-lubricated bearing structure that can maintain the water-lubricated wear-resistant load-bearing capacity while improving structural damping, suppressing vibration transmission, and possessing a reliable manufacturing process, in order to meet the comprehensive requirements of deep-sea high-pressure equipment for long-term stable operation and acoustic characteristic control. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned defects or improvement needs of the prior art, the present invention provides a constraint layer damping water-lubricated bearing and its preparation method, which solves the problem of being unable to suppress vibration transmission while maintaining water lubrication.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, according to one aspect of the present invention, a constraint layer damping water-lubricated bearing is provided. The metal support sleeve is a hollow sleeve with a through hole and a flow hole on its bottom surface that mate with the spindle. The viscoelastic energy-dissipating layer is disposed between the metal support sleeve and the wear-resistant water-lubricating layer. The wear-resistant water-lubricating layer is a hollow sleeve, with its bottom surface fitting against the bottom surface of the metal support sleeve. A flow hole is also provided at a position corresponding to the flow hole on the metal support sleeve. A spiral groove connected to the flow hole is provided on the inner wall of the wear-resistant water-lubricating layer, allowing water to enter the spiral groove from the flow hole to achieve water lubrication between the bearing and the spindle.

[0007] More preferably, the material of the metal support sleeve is one of precipitation hardening stainless steel, austenitic stainless steel, duplex stainless steel, titanium alloy or nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloy, and the thickness is 2 mm to 20 mm.

[0008] More preferably, the viscoelastic energy-dissipating layer is made of one or more of nitrile rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber, EPDM rubber, and hydrolysis-resistant polyurethane elastomer, with a thickness of 1 mm to 8 mm.

[0009] More preferably, the material of the wear-resistant water lubricating layer is one of carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone, glass fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone, self-lubricating filler modified polyether ether ketone, polyimide, polyphenylene sulfide, or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene composite material, and the thickness is 2 mm to 12 mm.

[0010] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for preparing a constraint layer damped water-lubricated bearing is provided, the method comprising the following steps: S1. A flow hole is opened on the bottom surface of the metal support sleeve, and the inner surface of the metal support sleeve is pretreated to form a uniform rough inner surface. S2. A flow hole is opened on the bottom surface of the wear-resistant water lubrication layer, and the outer surface of the wear-resistant water lubrication layer is pretreated to improve its surface roughness. S3 The metal support sleeve and the wear-resistant water lubricating layer are concentrically fixed, and the gap between them is filled with uncured rubber material. The mold is closed and pressed, and the curing is carried out to T90 state. Pressure is maintained and cooled to form a viscoelastic energy dissipation layer disposed between the metal support sleeve and the wear-resistant water lubricating layer. S4. A spiral groove starting from the flow hole is machined on the inner surface of the wear-resistant water lubrication layer to obtain the required bearing.

[0011] More preferably, the vulcanization temperature range is 140℃~180℃, and the pressure range is 5 MPa~20 MPa.

[0012] More preferably, the pressure holding pressure is 3 MPa to 15 MPa, and the time range is 10 minutes to 60 minutes.

[0013] More preferably, the pretreatment of the inner surface of the metal support sleeve is to perform sandblasting on the inner surface.

[0014] More preferably, the inner surface of the wear-resistant water lubricating layer is pretreated by low-temperature plasma activation treatment.

[0015] In summary, the technical solutions conceived by this invention have the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: 1. The bearing of the present invention comprises, from the outside to the inside, a metal support sleeve, a viscoelastic energy dissipation layer, and a wear-resistant water lubrication layer. The outer metal support sleeve provides enveloping support to ensure overall support stiffness and structural stability. Under the action of the metal support sleeve, the viscoelastic energy dissipation layer mainly dissipates energy through shearing, thereby improving the equivalent damping of the bearing and suppressing radial vibration transmission. The inner surface of the wear-resistant water lubrication layer is provided with a spiral groove, which is beneficial to film formation and improved friction and wear performance under pure water lubrication conditions, effectively solving the problem that the bearing cannot suppress vibration transmission while maintaining water lubrication.

[0016] 2. The wear-resistant water lubrication layer of this invention has spiral grooves on its inner surface, which can utilize the relative rotation between the shaft and the bearing to pump and guide the lubricating water, making it easier for the lubricating water to enter and renew the friction working surface. Compared with a smooth inner surface without spiral grooves, spiral grooves can improve the problem of insufficient liquid supply under low viscosity conditions of pure water, improve the water film formation and retention capacity, reduce the risk of local dry friction, boundary contact and abrasive residue, thereby reducing friction wear and temperature rise, and improving the bearing load stability and long-term operational reliability.

[0017] 3. This invention improves the interlayer bonding strength, reduces the risk of delamination, and stably ensures concentricity by combining processes such as deep activation and pre-coating of the interface between the metal and the wear-resistant water lubricating layer, integrated vulcanization molding, pressure holding and cooling, and one-time clamping and precision machining based on the outer circle; at the same time, it achieves quality control by combining non-destructive testing. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is an exploded view of a constraint layer damped water-lubricated bearing structure constructed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a front view of a constraint layer damped water-lubricated bearing structure constructed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the flow passage and spiral groove constructed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a side view of the bearing being clamped according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] In all the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals are used to denote the same elements or structures, wherein: 1-Metal support sleeve, 2-Viscoelastic energy dissipation layer, 3-Wear-resistant water lubricating layer, 31-Helical groove, 32-Flow hole, 33-Bottom surface of wear-resistant water lubricating layer, 4-Fixing screw, 5-Fixing nut, 6-Flat washer, 7-First clamping component, 8-Second clamping component. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0024] The composite water-lubricated bearing has a three-layer laminated structure, consisting of the following layers from the inside out: Wear-resistant water lubrication layer: Its inner surface forms the bearing friction working surface; a spiral groove is provided on this working surface. Due to the low viscosity of water, under high load or high pressure differential conditions, the bearing friction pair interface is prone to local insufficient fluid supply and water film thinning, which leads to increased friction, intensified wear, and decreased operational stability. The spiral groove can generate circumferential carrying and axial pumping action for lubricating water when the shaft and bearing rotate relative to each other, guiding the lubricating water into the friction working surface and forming continuous flow in the bearing clearance, thereby improving the fluid supply conditions and enhancing the water film formation and renewal capabilities. Through this structure, the risk of local dry friction or boundary contact of the friction pair can be reduced, wear and temperature rise can be reduced, and the operational stability of the bearing under pure water lubrication conditions can be improved; at the same time, the wear-resistant water lubrication layer extends locally on the side end face to form an axial support surface, which provides necessary axial support / limiting function without changing the bearing's radial support as the main function, to adapt to the actual operating conditions of the seawater pump.

[0025] Viscoelastic energy dissipation layer: Located on the outside of the wear-resistant water-lubricated layer, it serves as a viscoelastic damping layer; under the constraint of the outer layer, it mainly undergoes shear deformation and generates hysteresis energy dissipation, which is used to suppress radial vibration transmission.

[0026] Metal support sleeve: Located on the outermost side, it serves to constrain the viscoelastic layer and provide enveloping support for the overall structure, enabling the viscoelastic energy-dissipating layer to form an effective shear energy-dissipating state, while ensuring the overall support stiffness and structural stability of the bearing.

[0027] In this invention, the metal support sleeve is made of precipitation-hardening stainless steel, austenitic stainless steel, duplex stainless steel, titanium alloy, or nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloy, preferably 17PH-4PH precipitation-hardening stainless steel. The radial thickness of the metal support sleeve is 2 mm to 20 mm, preferably 2 mm to 12 mm. The metal support sleeve is located on the outermost side of the composite bearing, and its main function is to provide overall enveloping support and installation positioning reference for the bearing, while also constraining the inner viscoelastic energy-dissipating layer, enabling the viscoelastic energy-dissipating layer to generate hysteretic energy dissipation mainly through shear deformation when the bearing is subjected to radial vibration or pressure pulsation excitation. The above-mentioned metal materials are selected because they have high strength, stiffness, and resistance to water-based corrosion, which can meet the requirements of long-term bearing capacity and structural stability in pure water or seawater environments. Limiting the radial thickness of the metal support sleeve to the range of 2 to 20 mm ensures that the outer layer has sufficient support stiffness and constraint capacity, while avoiding excessive metal layer thickness that would increase the overall size and mass of the bearing and reduce structural integration. When the thickness is preferably 2 to 12 mm, the metal support sleeve can achieve a good balance between load-bearing stiffness, constraint damping effect and structural compactness.

[0028] The viscoelastic energy-dissipating layer is made of one of the following materials: nitrile rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber, EPDM rubber, hydrolysis-resistant polyurethane elastomer, or a modified blend of the above materials, preferably nitrile rubber. The radial thickness of the viscoelastic energy-dissipating layer is 1–8 mm, preferably 2–5 mm. The viscoelastic energy-dissipating layer is disposed between the metal support sleeve and the wear-resistant water-lubricated layer. Its main function is to undergo shear deformation under the constraint of the outer metal support sleeve, and to convert some of the vibration energy into heat dissipation through the hysteretic internal friction of the viscoelastic material, thereby improving the equivalent damping of the composite bearing and reducing the transmission of radial vibration to the external support structure. The above-mentioned rubber or elastomer materials are selected because they have viscoelastic deformation capacity, certain water-resistant media stability, and processability for composite molding with the metal layer and engineering plastic layer. Limiting the thickness of the viscoelastic energy-dissipating layer to within the range of 1–8 mm provides the necessary space for shear deformation and energy dissipation volume. When the thickness is less than 1 mm, the shear deformation and hysteresis energy dissipation generated by the viscoelastic energy-dissipating layer are limited, resulting in an insignificant vibration reduction effect. When the thickness is too large, the radial support stiffness of the bearing decreases, which can easily cause the inner wear-resistant water-lubricated layer to shift, reduce the stability of the bearing clearance, and make it difficult to control the concentricity of the machining. A thickness of 2–5 mm is preferred, which can balance the vibration reduction and energy dissipation effect with the radial support stiffness of the bearing.

[0029] The wear-resistant water-lubricating layer is made of one of the following materials: carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone (PEEK), glass fiber reinforced PEEK, self-lubricating filler modified PEEK, polyimide, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composite material, preferably carbon fiber reinforced PEEK. The radial thickness of the wear-resistant water-lubricating layer is 2–12 mm, preferably 3–8 mm. The wear-resistant water-lubricating layer is located on the innermost side of the composite bearing, and its inner surface constitutes the bearing's friction working surface, forming a pure water-lubricated friction pair with the rotating shaft. The above-mentioned engineering plastics or their composite materials are selected because they have a low coefficient of friction, good wear resistance, water-resistant media stability, and a certain compressive load-bearing capacity, making them suitable as the bearing working layer under pure water lubrication conditions. Limiting the thickness of the wear-resistant water-lubricating layer to the range of 2–12 mm ensures sufficient load-bearing thickness, wear allowance, and machining space for the spiral grooves and flow passage structure. When the thickness is less than 2 mm, the structural strength, wear allowance, and groove machining depth of the wear-resistant water-lubricating layer are limited, making it difficult to meet long-term operation requirements. When the thickness is too large, the wear-resistant water-lubricating layer itself deforms, thermal expansion occurs, and material costs increase, while the shear energy dissipation effect of the intermediate viscoelastic energy-dissipating layer on vibration energy is weakened. A thickness of 3–8 mm is preferred, achieving a good balance between wear resistance and load-bearing capacity, groove machining reliability, and vibration reduction performance of the composite structure.

[0030] Through the combination of the above three materials and thickness ranges, the metal support sleeve provides external rigid constraint and installation support, the viscoelastic energy dissipation layer provides shear hysteresis energy dissipation, and the wear-resistant water lubrication layer provides a low-friction, wear-resistant, and pure water lubrication working interface. The synergistic effect of the three enables the composite bearing to maintain radial load capacity and machining concentricity while improving structural damping and reducing vibration transmission, thereby improving the operational stability, wear life, and low vibration performance of the pure water lubrication rotating machinery support parts.

[0031] Preparation method: S1. A flow hole is opened on the bottom surface of the metal support sleeve, and the inner surface of the metal support sleeve is pretreated to form a uniform rough inner surface. S2. A flow hole is opened on the bottom surface of the wear-resistant water lubrication layer, and the outer surface of the wear-resistant water lubrication layer is pretreated to improve its surface roughness. S3 The metal support sleeve and the wear-resistant water lubricating layer are concentrically fixed, and the gap between them is filled with uncured rubber material. The mold is closed and pressed, and the curing is carried out to T90 state. Pressure is maintained and cooled to form a viscoelastic energy dissipation layer between the metal support sleeve and the wear-resistant water lubricating layer. S4 processes a spiral groove starting from the flow hole on the inner surface of the wear-resistant water-lubricated layer to obtain the required bearing.

[0032] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, the composite water-lubricated bearing of this embodiment comprises, from the outside to the inside, a 17-4PH metal support sleeve 1, an NBR viscoelastic energy-dissipating layer 2, and a CFRPEEK wear-resistant water-lubricating layer 3. The inner surface of the CFRPEEK wear-resistant water-lubricating layer 3 is the friction working surface, suitable for radial support under pure water lubrication conditions. The NBR viscoelastic energy-dissipating layer 2 is located between the CFRPEEK wear-resistant water-lubricating layer 3 and the 17-4PH metal support sleeve 1. Under the constraint of the metal support sleeve 1, it generates hysteretic energy dissipation mainly through shear deformation, thereby improving the equivalent damping of the bearing and suppressing radial vibration transmission. The 17-4PH metal support sleeve 1 forms an envelope support for the overall structure, ensuring the overall support stiffness and structural stability of the bearing.

[0034] like Figure 2 and 3 As shown, the friction surface of the CFRPEEK wear-resistant water lubrication layer 3 is provided with a spiral groove 31. When the shaft rotates, the spiral groove 31 can guide and pump the lubricating water using relative motion, allowing the lubricating water to enter the bearing friction pair interface along the spiral groove 31 and promoting the renewal of the water film in the bearing clearance. This can improve the problem of insufficient fluid supply and local water film thinning caused by the low viscosity of the water medium under pure water lubrication conditions, reduce the probability of dry friction or boundary contact on the friction working surface, and thus improve the bearing's film-forming ability, wear resistance, and operational stability. The CFRPEEK wear-resistant water lubrication layer 3 is provided with a flow hole 32, which communicates with the axial support surface 33, allowing lubricating water to enter the axial support surface 33 area, meeting the axial support function requirements under seawater pump conditions. The axial support surface 33 is formed by a partial extension of the side end face of the CFRPEEK wear-resistant water lubrication layer 3, with the bearing mainly providing radial support while also possessing axial support capabilities.

[0035] This embodiment provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned composite water-lubricated bearing, including the following steps.

[0036] S1 Metal Outer Layer Pretreatment The 17-4PH metal support sleeve 1 is degreased and mechanically roughened, and a uniform rough surface is formed by sandblasting. Then, within a specified time window, a primer and a top coat for rubber vulcanization bonding are applied in sequence to enhance the bonding strength between the metal and the NBR viscoelastic energy dissipation layer 2 and improve the stability of water-resistant media.

[0037] Pretreatment of S2 CFRPEEK wear-resistant water lubricating layer The outer surface of the CFRPEEK wear-resistant water lubricating layer 3 is micro-roughened; then, a low-temperature plasma surface activation treatment is performed; immediately after activation, an adhesive suitable for rubber and thermoplastic material systems is applied to provide reliable interface conditions for subsequent vulcanization integration.

[0038] S3 Integrated vulcanization molding and concentricity assurance The pre-treated 17-4PH metal support sleeve 1 and CFRPEEK wear-resistant water lubricating layer 3 are installed into an integrated vulcanization molding mold, and a positioning fixture is used to achieve coaxial positioning and clamping. Figure 4 As shown, four positioning protrusions are evenly distributed circumferentially along the first clamping component 7 with high precision. During assembly, these positioning protrusions pass through the corresponding flow holes 32 on the metal support sleeve 1 and the CFRPEEK wear-resistant water lubricating layer 3, respectively, thereby achieving coaxial positioning of the two through a hole system fit and limiting relative rotation and radial offset. The second clamping component 8 is inserted into the inner hole of the CFRPEEK wear-resistant water lubricating layer 3, forming an internal and external cooperative positioning structure with the first clamping component 7, which is used to further limit the radial position of the CFRPEEK wear-resistant water lubricating layer 3 and improve clamping rigidity. Subsequently, the first clamping component 7 and the second clamping component 8 are locked together by the tooling fixing screws 4, fixing nuts 5, and flat washers 6, so that the metal support sleeve 1 and the CFRPEEK wear-resistant water lubricating layer 3 remain stable and coaxial during the vulcanization process. After positioning and locking are completed, unvulcanized NBR rubber is added, the mold is closed and pressed, and vulcanized to the target degree of vulcanization under the conditions of temperature of 140℃~180℃ and pressure of 5 MPa~20MPa, so that the three-layer structure is integrated into one piece. Limiting the vulcanization temperature to 140℃~180℃ and the vulcanization pressure to 5MPa~20MPa ensures that the viscoelastic energy-dissipating layer can be fully vulcanized between the metal support sleeve and the wear-resistant water-lubricated layer, forming a stable and reliable interlayer bonding interface. If the vulcanization temperature is too low or the pressure is too low, the rubber material will not be sufficiently vulcanized, easily leading to unstable mechanical properties of the viscoelastic energy-dissipating layer, insufficient interlayer bonding strength, or localized air bubble residue. If the vulcanization temperature is too high or the pressure is too high, it may cause over-vulcanization of the rubber material, thermal deformation of the wear-resistant water-lubricated layer, excessive flow of the rubber compound, or increased residual stress at the interface. Controlling the vulcanization temperature and pressure within the above range ensures a balance between sufficient rubber vulcanization, reliable interlayer bonding, and the molding precision of the composite bearing, which is beneficial for improving the integrated molding quality and long-term service stability of the three-layer composite structure.

[0039] Pressure holding, cooling, and demolding After vulcanization, maintain a pressure of 3 MPa to 15 MPa for 10 to 60 minutes, then cool to below the set temperature before demolding. This reduces residual interfacial stress caused by differences in thermal expansion between different materials and minimizes the risk of delamination. Limiting the holding pressure to 3 MPa to 15 MPa and the holding time to 10 to 60 minutes ensures continued adhesion between the metal support sleeve, viscoelastic energy-dissipating layer, and wear-resistant water-lubricating layer during the cooling phase after vulcanization, reducing residual interfacial stress and delamination risk caused by differences in thermal expansion coefficients between the different materials. If the holding pressure is too low or the holding time is too short, the composite structure is prone to interfacial micro-gaps, local warping, or uneven adhesion during cooling and shrinkage. If the holding pressure is too high or the holding time is too long, the viscoelastic energy-dissipating layer may be excessively compressed and deformed, affecting the radial dimensional accuracy of the bearing and the shear energy dissipation capacity of the damping layer. By maintaining pressure and cooling within the aforementioned pressure and time range, the stability of interlayer bonding can be improved, and problems such as debonding, bubbles, and dimensional springback can be reduced, thereby ensuring the concentricity, structural integrity, and vibration damping reliability of the composite bearing.

[0040] S4 Post-processing and Grooving Sequence After vulcanization and demolding, the first clamping component 7 and the second clamping component 8 are kept in a locked state, and the composite bearing, along with the clamping assembly, is transferred to the machining process. Using the outer circle of the 17-4PH metal support sleeve 1 as the main alignment reference, the inner hole of the CFRPEEK wear-resistant water lubricating layer 3 is precision machined under the clamping constraint and rigid support conditions to achieve the final dimensions and surface roughness requirements. Since the intermediate layer is the NBR viscoelastic energy-dissipating layer 2, the clamping assembly limits and clamps the axial support surface 33 extending outward from the CFRPEEK wear-resistant water lubricating layer 3, ensuring the CFRPEEK wear-resistant water lubricating layer 3 remains stable and coaxial under cutting loads. The flow hole 32 was machined before vulcanization and used for positioning. After the inner hole is precision machined to the final dimensions, the spiral groove 31 is machined, and the flow channel or guide structure communicating with the flow hole 32 is machined. Subsequently, the flow hole 32 and related grooves are deburred, smoothed, and cleaned to ensure the geometric accuracy of the grooves and the quality of the working surface.

[0041] S5 Inspection and Quality Control The inner diameter and concentricity of the composite bearing were tested; ultrasonic non-destructive testing was used to check whether there was debonding, bubbles or inclusions at the interface between the 17-4PH metal support sleeve 1 and the NBR viscoelastic energy dissipation layer 2, and the interface between the NBR viscoelastic energy dissipation layer 2 and the CFRPEEK wear-resistant water lubrication layer 3; and the hardness and other key indicators of the NBR viscoelastic energy dissipation layer 2 were checked.

[0042] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A constraint-layer damped water-lubricated bearing, characterized in that, The bearing comprises, from the outside to the inside, a metal support sleeve, a viscoelastic energy-dissipating layer, and a wear-resistant water-lubricating layer. The metal support sleeve is a hollow sleeve with a through hole and a flow hole on its bottom surface that mate with the spindle. The viscoelastic energy-dissipating layer is disposed between the metal support sleeve and the wear-resistant water-lubricating layer. The wear-resistant water-lubricating layer is also a hollow sleeve, with its bottom surface fitting against the bottom surface of the metal support sleeve. A flow hole is also provided at a position corresponding to the flow hole on the metal support sleeve. A spiral groove connected to the flow hole is provided on the inner wall of the wear-resistant water-lubricating layer, allowing water to enter the spiral groove from the flow hole, thus achieving water lubrication between the bearing and the spindle.

2. A constraint-layer damped water-lubricated bearing as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The metal support sleeve is made of one of precipitation hardening stainless steel, austenitic stainless steel, duplex stainless steel, titanium alloy, and nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloy, with a thickness of 2 mm to 20 mm.

3. A constraint-layer damped water-lubricated bearing as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The viscoelastic energy-dissipating layer is made of one or more of the following materials: nitrile rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber, EPDM rubber, and hydrolysis-resistant polyurethane elastomer, with a thickness of 1 mm to 8 mm.

4. A constraint-layer damped water-lubricated bearing as described in claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, The wear-resistant water-lubricating layer is made of one of the following materials: carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone, glass fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone, self-lubricating filler modified polyetheretherketone, polyimide, polyphenylene sulfide, and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene composite material, with a thickness of 2 mm to 12 mm.

5. A method for preparing a constraint layer damped water-lubricated bearing according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S1. A flow hole is opened on the bottom surface of the metal support sleeve, and the inner surface of the metal support sleeve is pretreated to form a uniform rough inner surface. S2. A flow hole is opened on the bottom surface of the wear-resistant water lubrication layer, and the outer surface of the wear-resistant water lubrication layer is pretreated to improve its surface roughness. S3 The metal support sleeve and the wear-resistant water lubricating layer are concentrically fixed, and the gap between them is filled with uncured rubber material. The mold is closed and pressed, and the curing is carried out to T90 state. Pressure is maintained and cooled to form a viscoelastic energy dissipation layer disposed between the metal support sleeve and the wear-resistant water lubricating layer. S4. A spiral groove starting from the flow hole is machined on the inner surface of the wear-resistant water lubrication layer to obtain the required bearing.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The vulcanization temperature range is 140℃~180℃, and the pressure range is 5 MPa~20 MPa.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The pressure holding pressure is 3 MPa to 15 MPa, and the time range is 10 minutes to 60 minutes.

8. The preparation method according to claim 5 or 7, characterized in that, The pretreatment of the inner surface of the metal support sleeve is to perform sandblasting.

9. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The inner surface of the wear-resistant water lubricating layer is pretreated by low-temperature plasma activation.

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