A double-cone dryer for methyl tetra-bromo ether production

Abstract

This application discloses a double-cone dryer for the production of methyltetrabromoether, belonging to the technical field of drying. The dryer includes a tank with a hollow inner wall. A partition divides the tank wall into an inner cavity and an outer cavity. An oil inlet pipe and an oil return pipe are located on one side of the tank. The oil inlet pipe communicates with the inner cavity of the tank wall, and the oil return pipe communicates with the outer cavity. Heated high-temperature oil is introduced into the oil inlet pipe, enters the inner cavity of the tank wall, and then flows out through the outer cavity and the oil return pipe, thereby heating the moist methyltetrabromoether inside the tank. Based on the temperature difference between the oil in the oil inlet and return pipes, a corresponding high-temperature oil flow meter is created, which can automatically control the flow rate of high-temperature oil entering the inner cavity of the tank wall. This improves the automation of the methyltetrabromoether drying process, reduces the consumption of high-temperature oil, and saves energy while ensuring normal drying of methyltetrabromoether.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a double-cone dryer for the production of methyltetrabromoether, belonging to the technical field of drying. Background Technology

[0002] The double cone dryer is a high-efficiency, low-consumption intermittent drying equipment, mainly used for drying powder and granular materials in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and food industries. It is a commonly used drying equipment in the production of methyltetrabromoether. In reality, when using a double cone dryer to dry methyltetrabromoether, operators rely solely on their personal experience based on the dryness of the methyltetrabromoether, without an automated drying system for effective heating and drying control. Furthermore, it cannot control heating energy consumption in real time, resulting in wasted heating energy. To address these issues, some technicians in this field have developed a double cone dryer for the production of methyltetrabromoether to overcome the problems mentioned in the background technology. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a double cone dryer for the production of methyltetrabromoether, which addresses the above-mentioned shortcomings. The present invention can automatically control the flow rate of the heating medium entering the double cone dryer in real time according to the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the heating medium, and can also adjust the optimal medium flow rate according to the corresponding flow meter of the medium, thereby improving the automation of the double cone dryer in drying methyltetrabromoether and saving heating energy consumption.

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A double-cone dryer for the production of methyltetrabromoether includes a tank body in the shape of a double cone. A feed cover is provided at the feed inlet at the top of the tank body, and a discharge cover is provided at the discharge outlet at the bottom of the tank body. Extensions are located on both sides of the center of the tank body. An air inlet pipe with an air inlet valve is provided on the tank body. The tank body wall is hollow, and a partition is provided within the hollow tank body wall, dividing the tank body wall into an inner cavity and an outer cavity, which are connected. A vacuum pipe is provided on one side of the tank body, and an oil inlet pipe and an oil return pipe are provided on the other side. Columns and rotary joints are provided on the surfaces of the extensions on both sides of the tank body.

[0005] Furthermore, the column stands on the ground, and bearings are installed between the surface of the extensions on both sides of the tank and the column. A drive wheel is also fixed to the surface of one side of the extension.

[0006] Furthermore, a filter cover is installed inside the tank, and one end of the vacuum pipe is connected to the filter cover via a rotary joint. A vacuum valve is installed on the vacuum pipe.

[0007] Furthermore, the oil inlet pipe is connected to the inner cavity of the tank wall via a rotary joint, and the oil return pipe is connected to the outer cavity of the tank wall via a rotary joint. A temperature return sensor is installed inside the oil return pipe, and an oil inlet valve, an inlet temperature sensor, and a flow meter are installed inside the oil inlet pipe. The oil inlet valve is a proportional regulating valve.

[0008] Furthermore, a double-cone dryer for the production of methyltetrabromoether also includes chips U1, U2, and U3. Chip U1 is a microcontroller, model STM8L151R8T6TR. Pin 1 of chip U1 is connected to one end of resistor R1 and one end of capacitor C1. The other end of resistor R1 is connected to a +3.3V power supply, and the other end of capacitor C1 is connected to ground. Pin 2 of chip U1 is connected to pin 1 of crystal oscillator Y1 and one end of capacitor C2. Pin 3 of chip U1 is connected to pin 2 of crystal oscillator Y1 and one end of capacitor C3. The other ends of capacitor C2 and capacitor C3 are connected to ground. Pin 17 of chip U1 is connected to pin 1 of chip U4.

[0009] Furthermore, chip U4 is an optocoupler chip, model number 6N135. Pin 2 of chip U4 is connected to ground, pin 3 of chip U4 is connected to a +12V power supply, pin 4 of chip U4 is connected to one end of resistor R2 and one end of resistor R3, the other end of resistor R3 is connected to ground, the other end of resistor R2 is connected to the base of transistor Q1, the collector of transistor Q1 is connected to a +10V power supply, the emitter of transistor Q1 is connected to one end of resistor R4 and the electrical signal VF, the starting voltage signal of the oil inlet valve, and the other end of resistor R4 is connected to ground.

[0010] Furthermore, chip U2 is an analog-to-digital converter chip, model AD7705. Pin 2 of chip U2 is connected to pin 1 of crystal oscillator Y2 and one end of capacitor C4. Pin 3 of chip U2 is connected to pin 2 of crystal oscillator Y2 and one end of capacitor C5. Pin 4 of chip U2, the other end of capacitor C4, and the other end of capacitor C5 are connected to ground. Pin 5 of chip U2 is connected to one end of resistor R5 and one end of capacitor C8. The other end of resistor R5 is connected to a +3.3V power supply, and the other end of capacitor C8 is connected to ground.

[0011] Furthermore, pin 6 of chip U2 is connected to electrical signal A1, which is the current signal output by the inlet temperature sensor; pin 7 of chip U2 is connected to electrical signal A2, which is the current signal output by the return temperature sensor; pin 9 of chip U2 is connected to a +3.3V power supply; pins 10, 11, and 16 of chip U2 are connected to ground; pin 12 of chip U2 is connected to pin 21 of chip U1; pin 13 of chip U2 is connected to one end of resistor R6; pin 14 of chip U2 is connected to pin 22 of chip U1; and the other end of resistor R6 is connected to pin 15 of chip U2, which is connected to a +3.3V power supply.

[0012] Furthermore, chip U3 is an analog-to-digital converter chip, model AD7705. Pin 2 of chip U3 is connected to pin 1 of crystal oscillator Y3 and one end of capacitor C6. Pin 3 of chip U3 is connected to pin 2 of crystal oscillator Y3 and one end of capacitor C7. Pin 4 of chip U3, the other end of capacitor C6, and the other end of capacitor C7 are connected to ground. Pin 5 of chip U3 is connected to one end of resistor R7 and one end of capacitor C9. The other end of resistor R7 is connected to a +3.3V power supply, and the other end of capacitor C9 is connected to ground.

[0013] Furthermore, pin 6 of chip U3 is connected to electrical signal A3, which is the current signal output by the flow meter. Pin 9 of chip U3 is connected to a +3.3V power supply. Pins 10, 11, and 16 of chip U3 are connected to ground. Pin 12 of chip U3 is connected to pin 23 of chip U1. Pin 13 of chip U3 is connected to one end of resistor R8. Pin 14 of chip U3 is connected to pin 24 of chip U1. The other end of resistor R8 is connected to pin 15 of chip U3 and is connected to a +3.3V power supply.

[0014] The present invention adopts the above technical solution and has the following technical effects compared with the prior art: 1. This invention includes a tank, which is double-conical in shape and hollow inside. A partition is installed inside the hollow tank wall, dividing the tank wall into an inner cavity and an outer cavity. An oil inlet pipe and an oil return pipe are provided on one side of the tank. The oil inlet pipe communicates with the inner cavity of the tank wall, and the oil return pipe communicates with the outer cavity of the tank wall. High-temperature oil after heating is introduced into the oil inlet pipe, enters the inner cavity of the tank wall, and then flows out through the outer cavity of the tank wall and the oil return pipe. This heats the moist methyltetrabromoether inside the tank. Based on the temperature difference between the oil in the oil inlet pipe and the oil return pipe, the flow rate of high-temperature oil entering the inner cavity of the tank wall can be automatically controlled, improving the automation of the methyltetrabromoether drying production.

[0015] 2. Based on the temperature difference between the oil inlet pipe and the oil return pipe, this invention creates a flow meter for the high-temperature oil entering the tank wall, which ensures the normal drying of methyltetrabromoether while reducing the consumption of high-temperature oil and saving energy. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to actual scale and orientation.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structural connection of the present invention; Figure 2 The difference between the inlet temperature sensor and the return temperature sensor, and the flow rate of the high-temperature oil entering the tank; Figure 3 The circuit principle of this invention Figure 1 ; Figure 4 The circuit principle of this invention Figure 2 ; Figure 5 The circuit principle of this invention Figure 3 .

[0018] Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the middle: 1-tank body, 2-feeding cover, 3-discharging cover, 4-partition plate, 5-column, 6-bearing, 7-drive wheel, 8-vacuum pipe, 9-vacuum valve, 10-filter cover, 11-oil inlet pipe, 12-oil return pipe, 13-temperature return sensor, 14-oil inlet valve, 15-temperature inlet sensor, 16-flow meter, 17-rotary joint, 18-air inlet valve. Detailed Implementation

[0019] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a double-cone dryer for the production of methyltetrabromoether includes a tank 1, which is double-cone in shape. A feed cover 2 is provided at the feed inlet at the top of the tank 1, and a discharge cover 3 is provided at the discharge outlet at the bottom of the tank 1. There are extensions on both sides of the center of the tank 1. An air inlet pipe is provided on the tank 1, and an air inlet valve 18 is provided on the air inlet pipe. The tank wall of the tank 1 is hollow, and a partition 4 is provided inside the hollow tank wall. The partition 4 divides the tank wall of the tank 1 into an inner cavity and an outer cavity, and the inner cavity and the outer cavity in the tank wall of the tank 1 are connected.

[0020] The tank body 1 has columns 5 and rotary joints 17 on the surface of its two side extensions. The columns 5 stand on the ground. Bearings 6 are provided between the surface of the tank body 1's two side extensions and the columns 5. A drive wheel 7 is also fixed to the surface of one side extension of the tank body 1. The motor drives the drive wheel 7 to rotate through the belt, causing the tank body 1 to rotate between the columns 5. A filter cover 10 is provided inside the tank body 1. A vacuum pipe 8 is provided on one side of the tank body 1. One end of the vacuum pipe 8 is connected to the filter cover 10 through the rotary joint 17. A vacuum valve 9 is provided on the vacuum pipe 8. An oil inlet pipe 11 and an oil return pipe 12 are provided on the other side of the tank body 1. Heated high-temperature oil flows through the oil inlet pipe 11 and the oil return pipe 12.

[0021] The oil inlet pipe 11 is connected to the inner cavity of the tank wall of the tank body 1 through a rotary joint 17, and the oil return pipe 12 is connected to the outer cavity of the tank wall of the tank body 1 through a rotary joint 17. The oil inlet pipe 11 is equipped with an oil inlet valve 14, an inlet temperature sensor 15, and a flow meter 16. The oil inlet valve 14 is a proportional regulating valve. The inlet temperature sensor 15 is used to detect the temperature of the high-temperature oil in the oil inlet pipe 11. The flow meter 16 is used to detect the flow rate of the high-temperature oil in the oil inlet pipe 11. The oil return pipe 12 is equipped with a return temperature sensor 13, which is used to detect the temperature of the high-temperature oil in the return pipe 12.

[0022] The operator opens the loading cover 2 and adds a specific mass of moist methyltetrabromoether into the tank 1. Then, the loading cover 2 is closed, and the tank 1 rotates, causing the moist methyltetrabromoether to rotate as well. Simultaneously, the oil inlet valve 14, air inlet valve 18, and vacuum valve 9 are opened. The vacuum valve 9 draws air from the tank 1 through the filter shroud 10. High-temperature oil is introduced through the oil inlet pipe 11, entering the inner cavity of the tank wall of tank 1, and then flowing out through the outer cavity of the tank wall and the return oil pipe 12. The circulating high-temperature oil heats the moist methyltetrabromoether inside the tank 1. The heated water vapor is discharged through the vacuum pipe 8. Initially, the methyltetrabromoether has a high humidity. The heat absorbed is relatively large, and the difference between the inlet temperature sensor 15 and the return temperature sensor 13 is also relatively large. Therefore, the required flow rate of high-temperature oil is also relatively large. Based on the mass of methyltetrabromoether in tank 1 and the difference between the inlet temperature sensor 15 and the return temperature sensor 13, the staff creates a flow rate table for the high-temperature oil entering the tank wall of tank 1. While ensuring normal drying in methyltetrabromoether, the flow rate of high-temperature oil entering the tank wall of tank 1 is minimized, thereby reducing the waste and consumption of high-temperature oil and saving energy. The flow rate of high-temperature oil entering the inner cavity of the tank wall of tank 1 is automatically controlled by controlling the opening of the oil inlet valve 14.

[0023] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, a double-cone dryer for the production of methyltetrabromoether also includes a chip U1, which is a microcontroller, model STM8L151R8T6TR. Pin 1 of chip U1 is connected to one end of resistor R1 and one end of capacitor C1; the other end of resistor R1 is connected to a +3.3V power supply, and the other end of capacitor C1 is connected to ground. Pin 2 of chip U1 is connected to pin 1 of crystal oscillator Y1 and one end of capacitor C2. Pin 3 of chip U1 is connected to pin 2 of crystal oscillator Y1 and one end of capacitor C3; the other ends of capacitors C2 and C3 are connected to ground. Pin 17 of chip U1... Pin 1 of chip U4 is connected. Chip U4 is an optocoupler chip, model number 6N135. Pin 2 of chip U4 is connected to ground. Pin 3 of chip U4 is connected to a +12V power supply. Pin 4 of chip U4 is connected to one end of resistor R2 and one end of resistor R3. The other end of resistor R3 is connected to ground. The other end of resistor R2 is connected to the base of transistor Q1. The collector of transistor Q1 is connected to a +10V power supply. The emitter of transistor Q1 is connected to one end of resistor R4 and the electrical signal VF. The electrical signal VF is the start voltage signal of the oil inlet valve. The other end of resistor R4 is connected to ground.

[0024] A double-cone dryer for the production of methyltetrabromoether further includes a chip U2, which is an analog-to-digital converter chip of model AD7705. Pin 2 of chip U2 is connected to pin 1 of crystal oscillator Y2 and one end of capacitor C4. Pin 3 of chip U2 is connected to pin 2 of crystal oscillator Y2 and one end of capacitor C5. Pin 4 of chip U2, the other end of capacitor C4, and the other end of capacitor C5 are connected to ground. Pin 5 of chip U2 is connected to one end of resistor R5 and one end of capacitor C8. The other end of resistor R5 is connected to a +3.3V power supply, and the other end of capacitor C8 is connected to ground. Pin 6 of chip U2 is connected to signal A1, which is the current signal output by the inlet temperature sensor. Pin 7 of chip U2 is connected to signal A2, which is the current signal output by the return temperature sensor. Pin 9 of chip U2 is connected to a +3.3V power supply. Pins 10, 11, and 16 of chip U2 are connected to ground. Pin 12 of chip U2 is connected to pin 21 of chip U1. Pin 13 of chip U2 is connected to one end of resistor R6. Pin 14 of chip U2 is connected to pin 22 of chip U1. The other end of resistor R6 is connected to pin 15 of chip U2 and is connected to a +3.3V power supply.

[0025] The temperature and current signals collected by the inlet and return temperature sensors are processed by chip U2 and transmitted to chip U1 through pins 21 and 22 of chip U1. Chip U1 will calculate the difference between the inlet and return temperature sensors in real time.

[0026] A double-cone dryer for the production of methyltetrabromoether further includes a chip U3, which is an analog-to-digital converter chip, model AD7705. Pin 2 of chip U3 is connected to pin 1 of crystal oscillator Y3 and one end of capacitor C6. Pin 3 of chip U3 is connected to pin 2 of crystal oscillator Y3 and one end of capacitor C7. Pin 4 of chip U3, the other end of capacitor C6, and the other end of capacitor C7 are connected to ground. Pin 5 of chip U3 is connected to one end of resistor R7 and one end of capacitor C9. The other end of resistor R7 is connected to +3.3V. The power supply and capacitor C9 are connected to ground. Pin 6 of chip U3 is connected to electrical signal A3, which is the current signal output by the flow meter. Pin 9 of chip U3 is connected to a +3.3V power supply. Pins 10, 11, and 16 of chip U3 are connected to ground. Pin 12 of chip U3 is connected to pins 23 of chip U1. Pin 13 of chip U3 is connected to one end of resistor R8. Pin 14 of chip U3 is connected to pin 24 of chip U1. The other end of resistor R8 is connected to pin 15 of chip U3 and is connected to a +3.3V power supply.

[0027] The high-temperature oil flow current signal collected by the flow meter in the inlet pipe is processed by chip U3 and transmitted to chip U1 via pins 23 and 24. Chip U1 retrieves the corresponding flow value from the flow meter based on the difference between the inlet temperature sensor and the return temperature sensor. Then, pin 17 of chip U1 outputs a high-level waveform with a certain duty cycle, i.e., the high-level conduction time / low-level conduction time is between 0 and 1. When the high-level conduction time / low-level conduction time = 0, chip U4 is completely turned off, and transistor Q2 is completely turned off. When the electrical signal VF is zero and the inlet valve is completely closed, the flow rate of high-temperature oil entering the tank wall is zero. When the high-level conduction time / low-level conduction time = 1, the chip U4 is fully open, the emitter current of the transistor Q2 is at its maximum, the electrical signal VF is at its maximum value, the inlet valve is fully open, and the flow rate of high-temperature oil entering the tank wall is at its maximum. Therefore, the flow rate of high-temperature oil entering the tank wall can be controlled in real time based on the difference between the inlet temperature sensor and the return temperature sensor and the corresponding flow rate of high-temperature oil entering the tank wall.

[0028] The description of this invention is provided for illustrative purposes and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described to better illustrate the principles and practical application of the invention, and to enable those skilled in the art to understand the invention and design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for a particular purpose.

Claims

1. A double-cone dryer for the production of methyltetrabromoether, characterized in that: The tank (1) is double-conical in shape. A feed cover (2) is provided at the feed inlet at the top of the tank (1), and a discharge cover (3) is provided at the discharge outlet at the bottom of the tank (1). There are extensions on both sides of the center of the tank (1). An air inlet pipe is provided on the tank (1), and an air inlet valve (18) is provided on the air inlet pipe. The tank wall of the tank (1) is hollow. A partition (4) is provided inside the hollow tank wall of the tank (1). The partition (4) divides the tank wall of the tank (1) into an inner cavity and an outer cavity. The inner cavity and the outer cavity in the tank wall of the tank (1) are connected. A vacuum pipe (8) is provided on one side of the tank (1), and an oil inlet pipe (11) and an oil return pipe (12) are provided on the other side of the tank (1). A column (5) and a rotary joint (17) are provided on the surface of the extensions on both sides of the tank (1).

2. The double-cone dryer for the production of methyltetrabromoether as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The column (5) stands on the ground. Bearings (6) are provided between the surface of the extension on both sides of the tank (1) and the column (5). A drive wheel (7) is also fixed to the surface of the extension on one side of the tank (1).

3. The double-cone dryer for the production of methyltetrabromoether as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The tank (1) is equipped with a filter cover (10), and one end of the vacuum pipe (8) is connected to the filter cover (10) through a rotary joint (17). The vacuum pipe (8) is equipped with a vacuum valve (9).

4. The double-cone dryer for the production of methyltetrabromoether as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The oil inlet pipe (11) is connected to the inner cavity of the tank wall of the tank body (1) through a rotary joint (17), and the oil return pipe (12) is connected to the outer cavity of the tank wall of the tank body (1) through a rotary joint (17). The oil return pipe (12) is equipped with a return temperature sensor (13), and the oil inlet pipe (11) is equipped with an oil inlet valve (14), an inlet temperature sensor (15) and a flow meter (16). The oil inlet valve (14) is a proportional regulating valve.

5. A double-cone dryer for the production of methyltetrabromoether as described in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes chips U1, U2, and U3. Chip U1 is a microcontroller, model STM8L151R8T6TR. Pin 1 of chip U1 is connected to one end of resistor R1 and one end of capacitor C1. The other end of resistor R1 is connected to a +3.3V power supply, and the other end of capacitor C1 is connected to ground. Pin 2 of chip U1 is connected to pin 1 of crystal oscillator Y1 and one end of capacitor C2. Pin 3 of chip U1 is connected to pin 2 of crystal oscillator Y1 and one end of capacitor C3. The other ends of capacitor C2 and capacitor C3 are connected to ground. Pin 17 of chip U1 is connected to pin 1 of chip U4.

6. A double-cone dryer for the production of methyltetrabromoether as described in claim 5, characterized in that: Chip U4 is an optocoupler chip, model number 6N135. Pin 2 of chip U4 is connected to ground, pin 3 is connected to a +12V power supply, pin 4 is connected to one end of resistor R2 and one end of resistor R3, the other end of resistor R3 is connected to ground, the other end of resistor R2 is connected to the base of transistor Q1, the collector of transistor Q1 is connected to a +10V power supply, the emitter of transistor Q1 is connected to one end of resistor R4 and the electrical signal VF, which is the start voltage signal of the oil inlet valve, and the other end of resistor R4 is connected to ground.

7. A double-cone dryer for the production of methyltetrabromoether as described in claim 5, characterized in that: Chip U2 is an analog-to-digital converter chip, model AD7705. Pin 2 of chip U2 is connected to pin 1 of crystal oscillator Y2 and one end of capacitor C4. Pin 3 of chip U2 is connected to pin 2 of crystal oscillator Y2 and one end of capacitor C5. Pin 4 of chip U2, the other end of capacitor C4, and the other end of capacitor C5 are connected to ground. Pin 5 of chip U2 is connected to one end of resistor R5 and one end of capacitor C8. The other end of resistor R5 is connected to a +3.3V power supply, and the other end of capacitor C8 is connected to ground.

8. A double-cone dryer for the production of methyltetrabromoether as described in claim 5, characterized in that: Pin 6 of chip U2 is connected to electrical signal A1, which is the current signal output by the inlet temperature sensor. Pin 7 of chip U2 is connected to electrical signal A2, which is the current signal output by the return temperature sensor. Pin 9 of chip U2 is connected to a +3.3V power supply. Pins 10, 11, and 16 of chip U2 are connected to ground. Pin 12 of chip U2 is connected to pin 21 of chip U1. Pin 13 of chip U2 is connected to one end of resistor R6. Pin 14 of chip U2 is connected to pin 22 of chip U1. The other end of resistor R6 is connected to pin 15 of chip U2 and is connected to a +3.3V power supply.

9. A double-cone dryer for the production of methyltetrabromoether as described in claim 5, characterized in that: Chip U3 is an analog-to-digital converter chip, model AD7705. Pin 2 of chip U3 is connected to pin 1 of crystal oscillator Y3 and one end of capacitor C6. Pin 3 of chip U3 is connected to pin 2 of crystal oscillator Y3 and one end of capacitor C7. Pin 4 of chip U3, the other end of capacitor C6, and the other end of capacitor C7 are connected to ground. Pin 5 of chip U3 is connected to one end of resistor R7 and one end of capacitor C9. The other end of resistor R7 is connected to a +3.3V power supply, and the other end of capacitor C9 is connected to ground.

10. A double-cone dryer for the production of methyltetrabromoether as described in claim 5, characterized in that: Pin 6 of chip U3 is connected to electrical signal A3, which is the current signal output by the flow meter. Pin 9 of chip U3 is connected to a +3.3V power supply. Pins 10, 11, and 16 of chip U3 are connected to ground. Pin 12 of chip U3 is connected to pin 23 of chip U1. Pin 13 of chip U3 is connected to one end of resistor R8. Pin 14 of chip U3 is connected to pin 24 of chip U1. The other end of resistor R8 is connected to pin 15 of chip U3 and is connected to a +3.3V power supply.

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