A low-temperature pulsating heat pipe liquid filling rate adjusting device and method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of pulsed heat pipe technology, and in particular to a device and method for adjusting the liquid filling rate of a low-temperature pulsed heat pipe. The device includes a low-temperature pulsed heat pipe connected to a gas pipeline; the gas pipeline connects a high-pressure tank and a low-pressure tank, the high-pressure tank storing the working gas to be filled into the low-temperature pulsed heat pipe; the low-pressure tank containing the working gas discharged from the low-temperature pulsed heat pipe and capable of refilling the stored working gas into the low-temperature pulsed heat pipe; an adjustment component is disposed on the gas pipeline to control the flow of the working gas; a detection component monitors the working gas parameters of the low-temperature pulsed heat pipe, the high-pressure tank, and the low-pressure tank respectively; and a control component is electrically connected to the monitoring component and the adjustment component respectively to control the automatic operation of the system. This invention overcomes the limitation of existing technologies where the liquid filling rate cannot be adjusted during the operation of low-temperature pulsed heat pipes, enabling flexible adjustment of the liquid filling rate without interrupting operation, adapting to dynamic heat load conditions, and improving the adaptability and heat transfer stability of the heat pipe.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pulsed heat pipe technology, and in particular to a device and method for adjusting the liquid filling rate of a low-temperature pulsed heat pipe. Background Technology

[0002] Cryogenic heat pipes use cryogenic fluids such as helium, hydrogen, neon, nitrogen, and oxygen as working media, with design operating temperatures below 200K. They have broad application prospects in cryogenic engineering fields such as spacecraft thermal management, cryogenic electronic equipment cooling, and superconducting magnets. Among the many types of heat pipes, pulsating heat pipes have become a research hotspot in the field of cryogenic heat transfer due to their simple structure, low cost, and flexible shape. The filling ratio, or liquid ratio, refers to the ratio of the volume of the working fluid inside a pulsating heat pipe to the total volume of the heat pipe itself. It is a key parameter affecting the performance of a low-temperature pulsating heat pipe. Generally, a lower filling ratio results in higher heat transfer performance under low load conditions, but it is prone to dry burning under high loads, leading to performance degradation. Conversely, a higher filling ratio makes the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe less prone to dry burning under high loads and provides better heat transfer performance, but its performance is poor under low loads, and it may even fail to start. Therefore, a suitable filling ratio must be matched for different heat load conditions to ensure the efficient and stable operation of the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe. Existing low-temperature pulsating heat pipe working fluid charging systems cannot adjust the filling ratio during operation after the working fluid is charged. If adjustment is needed, the heat pipe must usually be stopped, evacuated, and recharged, which is complex, inefficient, and cannot adapt to dynamic changes in heat load. Chinese patent application number 202210219464.6 discloses a pulsed heat pipe working fluid filling device with adjustable filling rate, but it is only suitable for working fluids such as water, alcohol, and acetone that are liquid at room temperature and pressure. Low-temperature working fluids such as helium, hydrogen, neon, nitrogen, and oxygen are gaseous at room temperature. Therefore, this device is not suitable for low-temperature pulsed heat pipe systems.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a low-temperature pulsating heat pipe filling rate adjustment device and method to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device and method for adjusting the liquid filling rate of a low-temperature pulsating heat pipe. In view of the technical defects of existing low-temperature pulsating heat pipes, such as the inability to adjust the liquid filling rate during operation and the need to stop operation, evacuate and refill, the invention can realize online control of the liquid filling rate without interrupting the operation of the heat pipe, effectively improving the adaptability and heat transfer stability of the heat pipe under dynamic heat load conditions.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a low-temperature pulsating heat pipe filling rate regulating device, comprising: A vacuum cryogenic system, wherein a cryogenic pulsating heat pipe is provided in the vacuum cryogenic system and the cryogenic pulsating heat pipe is connected to a gas pipeline; The storage component includes a high-pressure tank and a low-pressure tank connected to the gas pipeline. The high-pressure tank is used to store the working gas to be filled into the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe. The low-pressure tank is used to contain the working gas discharged from the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe and can refill the stored working gas into the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe. A high-pressure gas cylinder, which is connected to the high-pressure tank, is used to replenish the high-pressure tank with working gas; A regulating component is disposed on the gas pipeline for controlling the flow of the working gas; A monitoring component is used to monitor the working gas parameters of the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe, the high-pressure tank, and the low-pressure tank, respectively. A control component, which is electrically connected to both the monitoring component and the regulating component, is used to control the automatic operation of the system.

[0006] Preferably, it also includes a vacuum pump, which is connected to the gas pipeline and is used to evacuate the gas pipeline.

[0007] Preferably, the regulating assembly includes a first control valve, a second control valve, a third control valve, a fourth control valve, a fifth control valve, and a sixth control valve, which are independently controlled and electrically connected to the control assembly respectively. The first control valve, the second control valve, the third control valve, the fourth control valve, the fifth control valve, and the sixth control valve are respectively connected to the gas pipeline.

[0008] Preferably, the monitoring component includes a high-pressure tank pressure sensor, a high-pressure tank temperature sensor, a low-pressure tank pressure sensor, a low-pressure tank temperature sensor, and a low-temperature pulsating heat pipe pressure sensor. The high-pressure tank pressure sensor and the high-pressure tank temperature sensor are mounted on the high-pressure tank, and the low-pressure tank pressure sensor and the low-pressure tank temperature sensor are mounted on the low-pressure tank. The low-temperature pulsating heat pipe pressure sensor is mounted on the gas pipeline connected to the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe.

[0009] Preferably, the control component includes an electrically connected data acquisition instrument and a computer. The data acquisition instrument is used to collect data collected by the monitoring component and transmit it to the computer. The computer has a pre-processing system that processes the data collected by the data acquisition instrument, calculates the target pressure values ​​of the high-pressure tank and the low-pressure tank during the adjustment process, and controls the opening and closing of the adjustment component based on real-time monitoring data.

[0010] This invention also discloses a method for adjusting the liquid filling rate of a low-temperature pulsating heat pipe based on a device for adjusting the liquid filling rate, comprising the following steps: The low-temperature pulsating heat pipe is initially filled with liquid; After the initial filling is completed, the filling rate is adjusted multiple times as needed; multiple filling rate adjustments include operations to increase the filling rate and operations to decrease the filling rate.

[0011] Preferably, the initial filling includes the following steps: Vacuum treatment is performed on high-pressure tanks, low-pressure tanks, low-temperature pulsating heat pipes, and gas pipelines. Close the first control valve, the fifth control valve, the sixth control valve, and the vacuum pump; open the second control valve and the third control valve to charge the high-pressure tank with gas. Close the first control valve, the second control valve, the third control valve, the fifth control valve, and the sixth control valve, open the fourth control valve, and simultaneously turn on the cold source of the vacuum cryogenic system, so that the working gas in the high-pressure tank flows into the cryogenic pulsating heat pipe under the pressure difference and undergoes phase change liquefaction. The control unit calculates the target pressure of the high-pressure tank after filling based on the filling rate setting. When the pressure of the high-pressure tank reaches the target pressure, all valves are closed to complete the first filling.

[0012] Preferably, the operation of reducing the fill rate includes: The control component calculates the target pressure of the low-pressure tank after the liquid discharge is completed based on the reduction value set by the filling rate. When the target pressure is less than α times the current pressure of the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe, the first control valve, the second control valve, the third control valve, the fourth control valve, and the fifth control valve are closed, and the sixth control valve is opened, allowing the working fluid in the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe to flow into the low-pressure tank; the control component recalculates the target pressure based on the real-time monitored pressure and temperature data of the low-pressure tank, and when the pressure of the low-pressure tank reaches the target pressure, all valves are closed; When the target pressure is greater than α times the current pressure of the cryogenic pulsating heat pipe, the second, third, fourth, and sixth control valves are closed, the vacuum pump is turned on, and the first and fifth control valves are opened to evacuate the low-pressure tank. Subsequently, the vacuum pump, first, second, third, fourth, and fifth control valves are closed, and the sixth control valve is opened, allowing the working fluid in the cryogenic pulsating heat pipe to flow into the low-pressure tank. The control component recalculates the target pressure based on the real-time monitored pressure and temperature data of the low-pressure tank. When the pressure of the low-pressure tank reaches the target pressure, all valves are closed. Where α is the excess liquid discharge coefficient, and its value ranges from 0.80 to 0.95.

[0013] Preferably, the operation of increasing the filling rate includes: The control component calculates the target pressure of the high-pressure tank after filling based on the increment value set for the filling rate. When the target pressure is greater than β times the current pressure of the cryogenic pulsating heat pipe, the first control valve, the second control valve, the third control valve, the fifth control valve, and the sixth control valve are closed, and the fourth control valve is opened, allowing the working gas in the high-pressure tank to flow into the cryogenic pulsating heat pipe and liquefy; the control component recalculates the target pressure based on the real-time monitored pressure and temperature data of the high-pressure tank, and when the pressure of the high-pressure tank reaches the target pressure, all valves are closed; When the target pressure is less than β times the current pressure of the cryogenic pulsating heat pipe, the first, fourth, fifth, and sixth control valves are closed, and the second and third control valves are opened to charge the high-pressure tank. Subsequently, the first, second, third, fifth, and sixth control valves are closed, and the fourth control valve is opened, allowing the working gas in the high-pressure tank to flow into the cryogenic pulsating heat pipe and liquefy. The control component recalculates the target pressure based on the real-time monitored pressure and temperature data of the high-pressure tank. When the pressure of the high-pressure tank reaches the target pressure, all valves are closed. Where β is the fluid abundance coefficient, and its value ranges from 1.05 to 1.15.

[0014] Preferably, the working fluid in the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe is one or more low-temperature fluids selected from helium, hydrogen, neon, nitrogen, or oxygen.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects: The present invention breaks through the technical limitation of existing low-temperature pulsed heat pipe filling systems that cannot adjust the filling rate during heat pipe operation. It can flexibly increase or decrease the filling rate by controlling the opening and closing of the passage between the high-pressure tank, the low-pressure tank and the heat pipe while the low-temperature pulsed heat pipe is running continuously, thereby adapting to the dynamic changes in the heat load of the pulsed heat pipe; the monitoring component monitors the pressure and temperature and other status parameters of key nodes such as the high-pressure tank, the low-pressure tank and the gas pipeline in real time, and the control system accurately calculates the target pressure values ​​of the high-pressure tank and the low-pressure tank according to the set filling rate, and controls the entire adjustment process based on this, ensuring the high accuracy of the filling rate adjustment. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe filling rate adjustment device of the present invention; In the diagram: 1. Vacuum pump; 2. High-pressure gas cylinder; 3. High-pressure tank; 4. Low-pressure tank; 5. First control valve; 6. Second control valve; 7. Third control valve; 8. Fourth control valve; 9. Fifth control valve; 10. Sixth control valve; 11. Gas pipeline; 12. Signal line; 13. Data acquisition instrument; 14. Computer; 15. Low-temperature pulsating heat pipe; 16. Vacuum cryogenic system; 301. High-pressure tank pressure sensor; 302. High-pressure tank temperature sensor; 401. Low-pressure tank pressure sensor; 402. Low-pressure tank temperature sensor; 151. Low-temperature pulsating heat pipe pressure sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0019] Reference Figure 1 This embodiment provides a low-temperature pulsating heat pipe filling rate adjustment device, comprising: The vacuum cryogenic system 16 is equipped with a low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 15, which is connected to the gas pipeline 11. The storage component includes a high-pressure tank 3 and a low-pressure tank 4 connected to the gas pipeline 11. The high-pressure tank 3 is used to store the working gas to be filled into the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 15; the low-pressure tank 4 is used to store the working gas discharged from the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 15. High-pressure gas cylinder 2 is connected to high-pressure tank 3 and is used to replenish working gas to high-pressure tank 3. A regulating component is installed on the gas pipeline 11 to control the flow of the working gas. The monitoring component is used to monitor the working gas parameters of the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 15, the high-pressure tank 3, and the low-pressure tank 4 respectively. The control component is electrically connected to the monitoring component and the regulating component, respectively, and is used to control the automatic operation of the system.

[0020] This invention overcomes the technical limitation of existing low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 15 filling systems, which cannot adjust the filling rate during heat pipe operation. It enables flexible increases or decreases in the filling rate by controlling the opening and closing of the passage between the high-pressure tank 3, low-pressure tank 4, and the heat pipe while the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 15 is continuously running, thereby adapting to the dynamic changes in the heat load of the pulsating heat pipe. The monitoring component monitors the pressure and temperature and other status parameters of key nodes such as the high-pressure tank 3, low-pressure tank 4, and gas pipeline 11 in real time. The control system accurately calculates the target pressure values ​​of the high-pressure tank 3 and low-pressure tank 4 based on the set filling rate, and uses this as the basis to regulate the entire adjustment process, ensuring a high degree of accuracy in filling rate adjustment.

[0021] Further optimization of the scheme includes a vacuum pump 1, which is connected to the gas pipeline 11 and used to evacuate the gas pipeline 11. The inlet of the vacuum pump 1 is connected to the gas pipeline 11, allowing it to evacuate the gas pipeline 11 and components such as the high-pressure tank 3 and low-pressure tank 4 during initial liquid filling or when the filling rate needs adjustment. This removes non-condensable gases from the pipeline, preventing them from mixing into the working fluid and adversely affecting the heat transfer performance of the heat pipe. This ensures the high purity of the filling working fluid, thereby improving the start-up performance and heat transfer stability of the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 15. Simultaneously, the vacuum pump 1 evacuates the system to ensure there are no leaks inside the device.

[0022] The scheme is further optimized. The regulating component includes a first control valve 5, a second control valve 6, a third control valve 7, a fourth control valve 8, a fifth control valve 9, and a sixth control valve 10, which are independently controlled and electrically connected to the control component. The first control valve 5, the second control valve 6, the third control valve 7, the fourth control valve 8, the fifth control valve 9, and the sixth control valve 10 are respectively connected to the gas pipeline 11. The regulating assembly includes independently operating first control valve 5, second control valve 6, third control valve 7, fourth control valve 8, fifth control valve 9, and sixth control valve 10. First control valve 5 is installed on gas pipeline 11 connected to the outlet of vacuum pump 1 and is used to control the vacuuming operation of the system. Second control valve 6 is installed on gas pipeline 11 connected to the outlet of high-pressure gas cylinder 2 and is used to control the high-pressure gas cylinder 2 to fill high-pressure tank 3. Third control valve 7 and fourth control valve 8 are installed on gas pipeline 11 connected to both sides of high-pressure tank 3 and are used to control the connection between high-pressure tank 3 and gas pipeline 11. Fifth control valve 9 and sixth control valve 10 are installed on gas pipeline 11 connected to both sides of low-pressure tank 4 and are used to control the connection between low-pressure tank 4 and gas pipeline 11. In one embodiment of the present invention, the first control valve 5, the second control valve 6, the third control valve 7, the fourth control valve 8, the fifth control valve 9 and the sixth control valve 10 are all electrically controlled valves, which are electrically connected to the control component and can be automatically controlled by the control component.

[0023] The scheme is further optimized. The monitoring components include a high-pressure tank pressure sensor 301, a high-pressure tank temperature sensor 302, a low-pressure tank pressure sensor 401, a low-pressure tank temperature sensor 402, and a low-temperature pulsating heat pipe pressure sensor 151. The high-pressure tank pressure sensor 301 and the high-pressure tank temperature sensor 302 are mounted on the high-pressure tank 3, and the low-pressure tank pressure sensor 401 and the low-pressure tank temperature sensor 402 are mounted on the low-pressure tank 4. The low-temperature pulsating heat pipe pressure sensor 151 is mounted on the gas pipeline 11 connected to the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 15. The monitoring component includes two sensors for monitoring temperature and pressure parameters. The high-pressure tank pressure sensor 301 and the high-pressure tank temperature sensor 302 are mounted on the high-pressure tank 3 to monitor the pressure and temperature of the working gas inside the high-pressure tank 3 in real time. The low-pressure tank pressure sensor 401 and the low-pressure tank temperature sensor 402 are mounted on the low-pressure tank 4 to measure the pressure and temperature inside the low-pressure tank 4. The low-temperature pulsating heat pipe pressure sensor 151 is installed on the gas pipeline connected to the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 15 to monitor the pressure inside the heat pipe.

[0024] Further optimization of the scheme involves a control component comprising an electrically connected data acquisition unit 13 and a computer 14. The data acquisition unit 13 collects data from the monitoring components and transmits it to the computer 14. The computer 14 has a pre-installed processing system that processes the data collected by the data acquisition unit 13, calculates the target pressure values ​​for the high-pressure tank 3 and the low-pressure tank 4 during the adjustment process, and controls the opening and closing of the adjustment components based on real-time monitoring data. The computer 14 has a built-in control program and is connected to the data acquisition unit 13, enabling data acquisition and processing. Each sensor is connected to the data acquisition unit 13 via signal lines 12, transmitting the collected data to the data acquisition unit 13. The data acquisition unit 13 further transmits the information to the computer 14. The control program built into the computer 14 analyzes the current system status and calculates the target pressure values ​​required for the high-pressure tank 3 and the low-pressure tank 4 during the adjustment process.

[0025] This invention also discloses a method for adjusting the liquid filling rate of a low-temperature pulsating heat pipe based on a device for adjusting the liquid filling rate, comprising the following steps: The low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 15 was initially filled with liquid; After the initial filling is completed, the filling rate is adjusted multiple times as needed; multiple filling rate adjustments include operations to increase the filling rate and operations to decrease the filling rate.

[0026] The initial filling procedure, further optimized, includes the following steps: Connect all devices to the filling rate adjustment device, keep the second control valve 6 closed, turn on the vacuum pump 1 and the first control valve 5, third control valve 7, fourth control valve 8, fifth control valve 9, and sixth control valve 10 to perform vacuuming on the high-pressure tank 3, low-pressure tank 4, low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 15, and gas pipeline 11, and ensure that there is no air leakage inside the device; next, close the first control valve 5, fifth control valve 9, sixth control valve 10 and vacuum pump 1, open the second control valve 6 and third control valve 7 to fill the high-pressure tank 3 with gas, and close all valves after the pressure of the high-pressure tank 3 stabilizes; next, close the first control valve 5, second control valve 6, third control valve 7, fifth control valve 9, and sixth control valve 10, open the fourth control valve 8, and at the same time turn on the cold source of the vacuum low-temperature system 16. As the temperature of the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 15 gradually decreases, the working gas in the high-pressure tank 3 flows into the heat pipe under the pressure difference. When the temperature of the heat pipe drops to the saturation temperature of the working gas, the gas undergoes a phase change and liquefaction, thus filling the working gas. The monitoring component transmits the collected pressure and temperature of the high-pressure tank 3 to the computer 14. The computer 14 calculates the target pressure of the high-pressure tank 3 after filling according to the filling rate setting value. When the pressure of the high-pressure tank 3 reaches the target pressure, all valves are closed to complete the first filling.

[0027] In one embodiment of the present invention, the target pressure of the high-pressure tank 3 after filling is: In the formula, Set the filling rate value. The high-pressure tank has a volume of 3. For a low-temperature pulsating heat pipe with a volume of 15, Let be the gas constant of the working fluid. and These represent the gas pressure and temperature of high-pressure tank 3 at the start of the filling process. The gas temperature in high-pressure tank 3 at the end of the filling process. and These are the densities of the liquid and gaseous working fluids at their saturation temperatures, respectively.

[0028] Further optimization of the scheme to reduce the filling rate includes: The monitoring component transmits the collected pressure and temperature data of the low-pressure tank 4 to the computer 14. The computer 14 control system preliminarily calculates the target pressure of the low-pressure tank 4 after the liquid discharge is completed based on the reduction value set for the filling rate. If the calculated target pressure of the low-pressure tank 4 after filling is less than α times the current pressure of the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 15 (where α is the liquid discharge surplus coefficient, and its value range is set to 0.80-0.95), then the first control valve 5, the second control valve 6, the third control valve 7, the fourth control valve 8, and the fifth control valve 9 are closed first, and then the sixth control valve 10 is opened. At this time, the working fluid inside the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 15 flows into the low-pressure tank 4 under its own pressure and vaporizes during the flow. The monitoring component continuously transmits the collected pressure and temperature data of the low-pressure tank 4 to the computer 14. The computer 14 control system recalculates the target pressure that the low-pressure tank 4 should reach after filling in real time based on the filling rate setting value. When the pressure of the low-pressure tank 4 reaches the target pressure, all valves are immediately closed to complete the reduction operation of the filling rate.

[0029] In one embodiment of the present invention, if the calculated target pressure of the low-pressure tank 4 after filling is greater than α times the pressure of the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 15, firstly, the second control valve 6, the third control valve 7, the fourth control valve 8, and the sixth control valve 10 are closed, the vacuum pump 1 is turned on, and the first control valve 5 and the fifth control valve 9 are opened to perform vacuuming on the low-pressure tank 4, ensuring that the pressure of the low-pressure tank 4 is always less than the pressure of the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 15 during the subsequent liquid discharge process; then, the vacuum pump 1, the first control valve 5, the second control valve 6, the third control valve 7, the fourth control valve 8, and the fifth control valve 9 are closed, and the sixth control valve 10 is opened. The working fluid in the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 15 flows into the low-pressure tank 4 under the action of internal pressure. The monitoring component transmits the collected pressure and temperature of the low-pressure tank 4 to the computer 14. The computer 14 recalculates the target pressure of the low-pressure tank 4 after liquid discharge based on the liquid filling rate setting value. When the pressure of the low-pressure tank 4 reaches the target pressure, all valves are closed, completing the liquid filling rate reduction operation.

[0030] In one embodiment of the present invention, the target pressure value of the low-pressure tank 4 after the liquid discharge is initially calculated by the computer 14 is: In the formula, The reduction value set for the filling rate, and These are the current pressure and temperature of low-pressure tank 4, respectively. The volume of low-pressure tank 4 is given; the other parameters have the same meaning as in Equation 1. In one embodiment of the present invention, the target pressure value of low-pressure tank 4 after the liquid discharge is completed is recalculated by computer 14: In the formula, and These are the gas pressure and temperature in low-pressure tank 4 at the start of the venting process. The gas temperature in the low-pressure tank 4 is the temperature at the end of the venting process. The meanings of the other parameters are the same as in Equations 1 and 2.

[0031] Further optimization of the scheme, including operations to increase the filling rate, includes: The monitoring component transmits the collected pressure and temperature data of high-pressure tank 3 to computer 14. Computer 14's control system preliminarily calculates the target pressure of high-pressure tank 3 after filling based on the set increase value of the filling rate. If the calculated target pressure of high-pressure tank 3 after filling is greater than β times the pressure of the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 15 (β is the filling surplus coefficient, ranging from 1.05 to 1.15), then the first control valve 5, the second control valve 6, the third control valve 7, the fifth control valve 9, and the sixth control valve 10 are closed, and the fourth control valve 8 is opened. The gas in high-pressure tank 3 flows into the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 15 under the pressure difference and liquefies. The monitoring component transmits the collected pressure and temperature data of high-pressure tank 3 to computer 14. Computer 14's control system recalculates the target pressure of high-pressure tank 3 after filling based on the set value of the filling rate. When the pressure of high-pressure tank 3 reaches the target pressure, all valves are closed, completing the increase operation of the filling rate.

[0032] In one embodiment of the present invention, if the calculated target pressure of the high-pressure tank 3 after filling is less than β times the pressure of the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 15, the first control valve 5, the fourth control valve 8, the fifth control valve 9, and the sixth control valve 10 are first closed, and the second control valve 6 and the third control valve 7 are opened to fill the high-pressure tank 3 with gas, so as to ensure that the pressure of the high-pressure tank 3 is always greater than the pressure of the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 15 during the subsequent liquid filling process; then the first control valve 5, the second control valve 6, the third control valve 7, the fifth control valve 9, and the sixth control valve 10 are closed, and the fourth control valve 8 is opened. The gas in the high-pressure tank 3 flows into the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 15 under the action of pressure difference and liquefies; the monitoring component transmits the collected pressure and temperature of the high-pressure tank 3 to the computer 14. The computer 14 controls the system to recalculate the target pressure of the high-pressure tank 3 after filling according to the liquid filling rate setting value. When the pressure of the high-pressure tank 3 reaches the target pressure, all valves are closed to complete the liquid filling rate increase operation. In one embodiment of the present invention, the target pressure value of the high-pressure tank 3 after filling is initially calculated by the computer 14 as follows: In the formula, The increment set for the filling rate, and These are the current pressure and temperature of high-pressure tank 3, respectively; the meanings of the other parameters are the same as in Equation 1.

[0033] In one embodiment of the present invention, the target pressure value of the high-pressure tank 3 after filling is recalculated by the computer 14 as follows: In the formula, the meanings of each parameter are the same as in Equations 1 and 4.

[0034] Further optimization of the design involves using one or more cryogenic fluids selected from helium, hydrogen, neon, nitrogen, or oxygen as the working medium inside the cryogenic pulsating heat pipe 15. Specifically, the working medium used inside the cryogenic pulsating heat pipe includes cryogenic fluids such as helium, hydrogen, neon, nitrogen, and oxygen. These fluids are gaseous at room temperature and pressure and require an extremely low temperature environment (typically below 200K) maintained by a vacuum cryogenic system to liquefy and perform heat transfer.

[0035] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0036] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-temperature pulsating heat pipe filling rate regulating device, characterized in that, include: A vacuum cryogenic system (16) is provided, wherein a low-temperature pulsating heat pipe (15) is provided in the vacuum cryogenic system (16), and the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe (15) is connected to a gas pipeline (11); The storage component includes a high-pressure tank (3) and a low-pressure tank (4) connected to the gas pipeline (11). The high-pressure tank (3) is used to store the working gas to be filled into the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe (15). The low-pressure tank (4) is used to contain the working gas discharged from the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe (15) and can refill the stored working gas into the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe (15). High-pressure gas cylinder (2), which is connected to the high-pressure tank (3) and is used to replenish the working gas to the high-pressure tank (3); A regulating component is disposed on the gas pipeline (11) for controlling the flow of the working gas; The monitoring component is used to monitor the working gas parameters of the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe (15), the high-pressure tank (3) and the low-pressure tank (4) respectively; A control component, which is electrically connected to both the monitoring component and the regulating component, is used to control the automatic operation of the system.

2. The low-temperature pulsating heat pipe filling rate regulating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a vacuum pump (1), which is connected to the gas pipeline (11) and is used to evacuate the gas pipeline (11).

3. The low-temperature pulsating heat pipe filling rate regulating device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The regulating assembly includes a first control valve (5), a second control valve (6), a third control valve (7), a fourth control valve (8), a fifth control valve (9), and a sixth control valve (10), which are independently controlled and electrically connected to the control assembly respectively. The first control valve (5), the second control valve (6), the third control valve (7), the fourth control valve (8), the fifth control valve (9), and the sixth control valve (10) are respectively connected to the gas pipeline (11).

4. The low-temperature pulsating heat pipe filling rate regulating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring components include a high-pressure tank pressure sensor (301), a high-pressure tank temperature sensor (302), a low-pressure tank pressure sensor (401), a low-pressure tank temperature sensor (402), and a low-temperature pulsating heat pipe pressure sensor (151). The high-pressure tank pressure sensor (301) and the high-pressure tank temperature sensor (302) are mounted on the high-pressure tank (3), and the low-pressure tank pressure sensor (401) and the low-pressure tank temperature sensor (402) are mounted on the low-pressure tank (4). The low-temperature pulsating heat pipe pressure sensor (151) is mounted on the gas pipeline (11) connected to the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe (15).

5. The low-temperature pulsating heat pipe filling rate regulating device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control component includes an electrically connected data acquisition instrument (13) and a computer (14). The data acquisition instrument (13) is used to collect data collected by the monitoring component and transmit it to the computer (14). The computer (14) has a pre-processing system to process the data collected by the data acquisition instrument (13), calculate the target pressure values ​​of the high-pressure tank (3) and the low-pressure tank (4) during the adjustment process, and control the opening and closing of the adjustment component based on the real-time monitoring data.

6. A method for adjusting the liquid filling rate of a low-temperature pulsating heat pipe, comprising the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe liquid filling rate adjustment device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The low-temperature pulsating heat pipe (15) was initially filled with liquid; After the initial filling is completed, the filling rate is adjusted multiple times as needed; multiple filling rate adjustments include increasing the filling rate and decreasing the filling rate.

7. The method for adjusting the liquid filling rate of a low-temperature pulsating heat pipe according to claim 6, characterized in that, The initial filling includes the following steps: Vacuum treatment is performed on the high-pressure tank (3), low-pressure tank (4), low-temperature pulsating heat pipe (15) and gas pipeline (11); Close the first control valve (5), the fourth control valve (8), the fifth control valve (9), the sixth control valve (10) and the vacuum pump (1), and open the second control valve (6) and the third control valve (7) to charge the high-pressure tank (3); Close the first control valve (5), the second control valve (6), the third control valve (7), the fifth control valve (9), and the sixth control valve (10), open the fourth control valve (8), and simultaneously turn on the cold source of the vacuum cryogenic system (16), so that the working gas in the high pressure tank (3) flows into the cryogenic pulsating heat pipe (15) under the pressure difference drive and undergoes phase change liquefaction; The control component calculates the target pressure of the high-pressure tank (3) after filling based on the filling rate setting value. When the pressure of the high-pressure tank (3) reaches the target pressure, all valves are closed to complete the first filling.

8. The method for adjusting the liquid filling rate of a low-temperature pulsating heat pipe according to claim 6, characterized in that, The operation of reducing the fill rate includes: The control component calculates the target pressure of the low-pressure tank (4) after the liquid discharge is completed based on the reduction value set by the filling rate; When the target pressure is less than α times the current pressure of the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe (15), the first control valve (5), the second control valve (6), the third control valve (7), the fourth control valve (8) and the fifth control valve (9) are closed, and the sixth control valve (10) is opened, so that the working fluid in the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe (15) flows into the low-pressure tank (4); the control component recalculates the target pressure based on the real-time monitored pressure and temperature data of the low-pressure tank (4), and when the pressure of the low-pressure tank (4) reaches the target pressure, all valves are closed; When the target pressure is greater than α times the current pressure of the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe (15), the second control valve (6), the third control valve (7), the fourth control valve (8), and the sixth control valve (10) are closed, the vacuum pump (1) is turned on, and the first control valve (5) and the fifth control valve (9) are opened to evacuate the low-pressure tank (4); then the vacuum pump (1), the first control valve (5), the second control valve (6), the third control valve (7), the fourth control valve (8), and the fifth control valve (9) are turned off, and the sixth control valve (10) is opened, and the working fluid in the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe (15) flows into the low-pressure tank (4); the control component recalculates the target pressure based on the real-time monitored pressure and temperature data of the low-pressure tank (4), and when the pressure of the low-pressure tank (4) reaches the target pressure, all valves are closed; Where α is the liquid overflow coefficient, and its value ranges from 0.80 to 0.

95.

9. The method for adjusting the liquid filling rate of a low-temperature pulsating heat pipe according to claim 6, characterized in that, The operation of increasing the filling rate includes: The control component calculates the target pressure of the high-pressure tank (3) after filling based on the increase value set by the filling rate; When the target pressure is greater than β times the current pressure of the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe (15), the first control valve (5), the second control valve (6), the third control valve (7), the fifth control valve (9), and the sixth control valve (10) are closed, and the fourth control valve (8) is opened, so that the working gas in the high-pressure tank (3) flows into the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe (15) and liquefies; the control component recalculates the target pressure based on the real-time monitored pressure and temperature data of the high-pressure tank (3), and closes all valves when the pressure of the high-pressure tank (3) reaches the target pressure; When the target pressure is less than β times the current pressure of the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe (15), the first control valve (5), the fourth control valve (8), the fifth control valve (9), and the sixth control valve (10) are closed, and the second control valve (6) and the third control valve (7) are opened to charge the high-pressure tank (3); then the first control valve (5), the second control valve (6), the third control valve (7), the fifth control valve (9), and the sixth control valve (10) are closed, and the fourth control valve (8) is opened to allow the working gas in the high-pressure tank (3) to flow into the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe (15) and liquefy; the control component recalculates the target pressure based on the real-time monitored pressure and temperature data of the high-pressure tank (3), and when the pressure of the high-pressure tank (3) reaches the target pressure, all valves are closed; Where β is the fluid abundance coefficient, and its value ranges from 1.05 to 1.

15.

10. The method for adjusting the liquid filling rate of a low-temperature pulsating heat pipe according to claim 6, characterized in that: The working fluid inside the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe (15) is one or more low-temperature fluids selected from helium, hydrogen, neon, nitrogen, or oxygen.

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