Water surface energy storage submerged loop heat pipe heat dissipation system and photovoltaic power station

Abstract

The application discloses a water surface energy storage submerged loop heat pipe heat dissipation system and a photovoltaic power station, and the system comprises a submerged box body, a loop heat pipe, an underwater condenser and a control assembly. The submerged box body is filled with insulating submerged liquid, and an energy storage battery pack is arranged in the submerged box body. The loop heat pipe is internally provided with a capillary core, and the working medium is driven to circulate by capillary force, and no external power is needed. Efficient heat exchange is realized by the submerged box body and the insulating submerged liquid, and the underwater condenser directly utilizes water as a cold source, is suitable for a water surface scene, and is suitable for distributed or centralized energy storage demand. No moving parts are needed, maintenance is not needed, and the system is suitable for water level fluctuation and complex water surface environment. After the photovoltaic power station is integrated with the heat dissipation system, photovoltaic power generation and energy storage are cooperated, the operation stability is improved, and the operation and maintenance cost is reduced. The structure is simple, the operation is reliable, the system can be widely applied to various water surface photovoltaic energy storage scenes, and has good popularization value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of thermal management technology for energy storage batteries, specifically relating to a submerged loop heat pipe cooling system for water surface energy storage and a photovoltaic power station. Background Technology

[0002] Floating photovoltaic power stations equipped with energy storage systems can effectively mitigate power output fluctuations and improve the economic benefits of the power station. Due to space constraints in water areas, centralized large-capacity energy storage devices are difficult to deploy, making distributed column-mounted energy storage the mainstream solution. This involves mounting lithium iron phosphate battery packs on photovoltaic support columns or deploying them on the water surface. Under this installation method, the heat dissipation performance of the battery packs directly determines the stability of system operation, becoming a key issue restricting the application of the technology.

[0003] Immersion liquid cooling has the advantages of high heat dissipation efficiency and excellent insulation safety, and has been widely used in the field of battery thermal management. However, existing systems rely on water pumps to circulate coolant and cooperate with air conditioners or liquid cooling units for secondary heat exchange. Because it includes moving parts such as water pumps and compressors, it has defects such as high energy consumption, frequent maintenance and insufficient reliability, making it difficult to be used in unattended water surface energy storage conditions.

[0004] Traditional heat pipes can only achieve uniform heat distribution between battery clusters and cannot effectively utilize external natural cold sources. Surface energy storage battery packs are arranged above the water surface and have natural water as a low-cost cold source. Currently, there is a lack of pump-free heat dissipation technology that is suitable for the layout of heat source on top and cold source below, making it difficult to achieve efficient heat dissipation under maintenance-free conditions, which seriously limits the large-scale application of surface photovoltaic energy storage systems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a submerged loop heat pipe cooling system for water surface energy storage and a photovoltaic power station, in order to solve the technical defects of existing water surface photovoltaic energy storage cooling systems, such as reliance on moving parts like water pumps, high energy consumption, cumbersome maintenance, and the inability of traditional heat pipes to utilize water as a cold source and their unsuitability for a layout with the heat source on top and the cold source below.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solutions.

[0007] In a first aspect, this application provides a water-surface energy storage immersion loop heat pipe cooling system, comprising: The submerged enclosure contains an energy storage battery pack and is filled with insulating impregnation fluid. A loop heat pipe, internally sealed and filled with a phase change working fluid, has an evaporator section and a condenser section, wherein the evaporator section is immersed in an insulating immersion liquid inside the immersion chamber; An underwater condenser is submerged in water. The steam inlet of the underwater condenser is sealed and connected to the steam outlet of the evaporator section, and the liquid outlet of the underwater condenser is connected to the liquid inlet of the condenser section. The condenser section is located below the evaporator section, and a capillary wick is installed inside the loop heat pipe. The capillary wick can generate capillary force to drive the working fluid to circulate and achieve pump-free self-circulating heat dissipation.

[0008] In one optional embodiment, the insulating immersion liquid is an insulating fluorinated liquid or transformer oil.

[0009] In one alternative embodiment, the loop heat pipe is provided with multiple evaporator sections, which are connected in parallel and are all connected to an underwater condenser.

[0010] In one optional embodiment, the evaporator section and the condenser section are connected by a connecting pipe, which is laid along the outer wall of the water surface photovoltaic support column and connected to the water surface photovoltaic support column by a pipe clamp.

[0011] In one alternative embodiment, the underwater condenser is a finned tube heat exchanger made of copper alloy or stainless steel.

[0012] In an optional embodiment, a temperature sensor and a control unit are also included, wherein the temperature sensor is fixedly disposed inside the immersion chamber for detecting the temperature of the insulating immersion liquid.

[0013] In one optional embodiment, the control unit is signal-connected to the temperature sensor, and the control unit is used to receive the detection signal from the temperature sensor and adjust the operating state of the loop heat pipe according to the detection signal.

[0014] In one alternative embodiment, the immersion tank is fixedly installed on a photovoltaic support column or a floating platform on the water surface.

[0015] In one optional embodiment, the immersion chamber is a rectangular structure, the evaporator section is arranged along the length of the immersion chamber, and the extension direction of the evaporator section is perpendicular to the extension direction of the condenser section.

[0016] A second aspect of this application provides a photovoltaic power station, comprising: As described above, the water surface energy storage immersion loop heat pipe cooling system, photovoltaic array, water surface support structure and electrical control cabinet are all mounted on the water surface support structure, and the electrical control cabinet is electrically connected to the control units of the photovoltaic array and the cooling system respectively.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The combination of the submerged enclosure and the insulating immersion liquid enables efficient heat exchange and insulation protection of the energy storage battery pack. The loop heat pipe, in conjunction with the underwater condenser, can directly release the heat generated by the battery pack into the water, solving the problem that traditional heat pipes cannot utilize the natural cooling source of water. The condenser section is located below the evaporator section, which can adapt to the layout of the photovoltaic system with the heat source above and the cooling source below. The capillary wick inside the loop heat pipe can drive the phase change working fluid circulation by capillary force, eliminating the need for moving parts such as water pumps and compressors, achieving pump-free self-circulating heat dissipation. It requires no external power, has lower energy consumption, is reliable in operation, and is maintenance-free. It can make full use of the water cooling source, adapting to unattended water surface energy storage scenarios, significantly improving heat dissipation efficiency and system safety, and is conducive to the large-scale promotion and application of water surface photovoltaic energy storage systems.

[0018] 2. The insulating immersion fluid uses insulating fluorinated liquid or transformer oil, which can improve heat exchange efficiency while ensuring high insulation strength, effectively avoid the risk of cell short circuit, and has flame retardant and heat diffusion suppression properties, improving the inherent safety of the battery pack, further enhancing system reliability and safety, reducing operation and maintenance costs, and providing stable and reliable immersion heat dissipation medium support for water surface energy storage battery packs.

[0019] 3. By setting up multiple evaporator sections connected in parallel, simultaneous heat absorption and centralized heat dissipation can be achieved, improving the overall heat dissipation capacity and heat exchange uniformity, and avoiding localized overheating. The parallel connection of multiple evaporators can adapt to the heat dissipation requirements of large-capacity battery clusters, improving system scalability and redundancy. A single-channel failure will not affect overall operation, enhancing system stability. This setup can be matched with energy storage systems of different power ratings, strengthening heat dissipation capacity and environmental adaptability, and better meeting the high-efficiency heat dissipation requirements of large-scale photovoltaic energy storage on water surfaces.

[0020] 4. Laying the connecting pipes along the outer wall of the support column and fixing them with pipe clamps can simplify the layout, save space, avoid damage to the pipes from wind, waves and water flow, and improve the structural stability. Laying the pipes along the support column facilitates installation and maintenance, reduces bending and wear, and reduces the flow resistance and leakage risk of the working fluid.

[0021] 5. By setting the underwater condenser as a finned tube heat exchanger and using copper alloy or stainless steel, the heat exchange area can be greatly increased, the efficiency of heat dissipation to the water can be improved, and it also has excellent resistance to water corrosion and silt erosion, making it suitable for long-term underwater operation.

[0022] 6. A temperature sensor is installed inside the immersion tank to accurately detect the temperature of the insulating immersion liquid in real time, which directly reflects the working temperature of the battery cell and provides reliable data for thermal management. Temperature monitoring can identify overheating risks in advance, realize abnormal warnings, avoid thermal runaway, and improve the safety of battery operation.

[0023] 7. By connecting the control unit to the temperature sensor signal, the working state of the loop heat pipe can be automatically adjusted according to the real-time temperature to achieve adaptive matching of heat dissipation intensity and keep the battery pack in the optimal operating temperature range.

[0024] 8. Installing the submersible tank on support columns or floating platforms allows for decentralized column-mounted or platform-based centralized arrangements, making full use of water surface space and solving the problem of limited water area. Both installation methods are flexible and adaptable to different power station scales and terrain conditions, offering convenient construction and strong versatility. This setup does not occupy additional water area, facilitates modular deployment and maintenance, improves system adaptability, and promotes efficient and flexible deployment of surface photovoltaic energy storage.

[0025] 9. The immersion chamber has a rectangular structure, which facilitates processing, installation and battery cell arrangement, and improves space utilization. The evaporator section is arranged along the length of the chamber and perpendicular to the condenser section, which can maximize the heat absorption area, optimize the heat transfer path, and better adapt to the layout with the heat source on top and the cold source on the bottom. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 and Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the submerged loop heat pipe heat dissipation system for water surface energy storage provided by the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a second embodiment of a water surface energy storage immersion loop heat pipe heat dissipation system provided by the present invention; In the diagram: 1. Photovoltaic module; 2. Support column; 3. Triangular bracket; 4. Immersed energy storage battery pack; 5. Individual battery cell; 6. Evaporator; 7. Steam pipeline; 8. Condenser; 9. Liquid pipeline; 10. Battery cluster support; 11. Water body; 12. Water surface platform. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0029] To address the technical deficiencies mentioned in the background section, this embodiment provides a submersible loop heat pipe cooling system for water surface energy storage and a photovoltaic power station. The invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings: In a first aspect, this invention provides a water-surface energy storage immersion loop heat pipe cooling system, comprising: an immersion chamber housing an energy storage battery pack filled with an insulating immersion liquid, the energy storage battery pack being composed of individual battery cells 5; a loop heat pipe internally sealed and filled with a phase change working fluid, having an evaporator section 6 and a condenser section, the evaporator section 6 being immersed in the insulating immersion liquid within the immersion chamber; and an underwater condenser 8 immersed in a water body 11, the steam inlet of the underwater condenser 8 being sealed and connected to the steam outlet of the evaporator section 6, and the liquid outlet of the underwater condenser 8 being connected to the condenser section; wherein the condenser section is arranged below the evaporator section 6, and a capillary wick is provided inside the loop heat pipe, the capillary wick being able to generate capillary force to drive the working fluid to circulate, achieving pump-free self-circulating heat dissipation.

[0030] The loop heat pipe is vacuum-sealed and filled with a phase change working fluid, which can be R134a, R410A, or deionized water, selected according to the operating temperature range. The loop heat pipe has an evaporator section 6 and a condenser section. The evaporator section 6 is arranged along the length of the immersion chamber, with its extension direction perpendicular to that of the condenser section. The evaporator section 6 is completely immersed in the insulating impregnation liquid within the immersion chamber, directly exchanging heat with the liquid. The condenser section is located below the evaporator section 6, conforming to the layout constraint of the photovoltaic heat source above and the cold source below. A capillary wick is installed inside the loop heat pipe. The capillary wick uses sintered metal powder, fiber mesh, or a grooved structure to generate stable and continuous capillary force, driving the phase change working fluid to complete the entire cycle of evaporation, transport, condensation, and reflux without external power, achieving pump-free self-circulating heat dissipation.

[0031] The underwater condenser 8 is completely submerged in water 11, with an installation depth of 1-2 meters below the water surface. It adopts a finned tube heat exchanger structure and is made of copper alloy or stainless steel. It features water corrosion resistance, high heat exchange efficiency, and high structural strength, and can work stably underwater for a long time.

[0032] The steam inlet of the underwater condenser 8 is sealed and connected to the steam outlet of the evaporator section 6, and the liquid outlet of the underwater condenser 8 is connected to the liquid inlet of the condenser section, forming a closed loop. The evaporator section 6 and the condenser section are connected by a connecting pipeline, which is divided into a steam pipeline 7 and a liquid pipeline 9. The connecting pipeline is laid along the outer wall of the photovoltaic support column 2 on the water surface and is fastened to the photovoltaic support column 2 on the water surface by pipe clamps to ensure that the pipeline does not loosen or fall off under the disturbance of wind, waves and water flow, thereby improving the overall stability of the system.

[0033] In this embodiment, the system is also equipped with a temperature sensor and a control unit. The temperature sensor is fixedly installed inside the immersion tank and is in direct contact with the insulating immersion liquid. It detects the temperature of the insulating immersion liquid in real time and collects temperature data of the battery pack's working environment. The control unit is connected to the temperature sensor, receives the detection signal transmitted by the temperature sensor, and adjusts the working state of the loop heat pipe according to the preset temperature threshold to achieve adaptive matching of heat dissipation intensity. This ensures that the energy storage battery pack is always within the safe operating temperature range, thereby improving battery life and system operational stability.

[0034] Example 1 like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment is a single-immersion box column-mounted heat dissipation system, which is suitable for distributed energy storage scenarios with a single support column for water surface photovoltaic systems.

[0035] In this embodiment, the photovoltaic module 1 is installed on the top of the support column 2, the support column 2 is vertically fixed inside the water body 11, and the triangular bracket 3 is fixedly installed in the middle of the support column 2. The triangular bracket 3 is made of steel structure welded and has sufficient load-bearing capacity and anti-overturning capacity. The submersible box is fixedly installed on the triangular bracket 3 by bolts to realize column hanging installation, make full use of the space of the support column 2, and do not occupy additional water surface area, which is suitable for application scenarios with narrow water space.

[0036] The immersion chamber is a rectangular sealed chamber structure, which houses an immersion energy storage battery pack 4. The immersion energy storage battery pack 4 is composed of multiple individual cells 5 connected in series and parallel to form a module. The modules are evenly arranged inside the immersion chamber. The interior of the chamber is completely filled with insulating immersion liquid, and the individual cells 5 are completely covered by the insulating immersion liquid, eliminating air gaps, improving heat exchange uniformity and heat dissipation efficiency, and achieving cell-level insulation protection and safety isolation.

[0037] The evaporator section 6 of the loop heat pipe is arranged inside the immersion chamber. The evaporator section 6 has a straight tube or serpentine tube structure and is interspersed in the gaps between individual cells 5, or arranged along the side wall of the immersion chamber. The outer wall of the evaporator section 6 is in full contact with the insulating immersion liquid to maximize the heat exchange area.

[0038] The steam outlet of the evaporator section 6 is sealed and connected to the steam pipeline 7. The steam pipeline 7 extends downward along the outer wall of the support column 2. The pipe clamps fasten the steam pipeline 7 to the surface of the support column 2 to prevent the pipeline from shaking or breaking due to water flow and wind impact. The lower end of the steam pipeline 7 is sealed and connected to the steam inlet of the underwater condenser 8. The underwater condenser 8 is completely submerged in the water body 11 below the support column 2, using the natural low temperature of the water body 11 as a cold source, without the need for additional refrigeration equipment.

[0039] The liquid outlet of the underwater condenser 8 is sealed and connected to the liquid pipeline 9. The liquid pipeline 9 is also laid along the outer wall of the support column 2, extends upward and connects to the liquid inlet of the condenser section of the loop heat pipe. The condenser section is located below the evaporator section 6, forming a height difference, which, together with the capillary force of the capillary wick, achieves stable reflux of the liquid working fluid.

[0040] In this embodiment, the submerged energy storage battery pack 4 generates heat during charging and discharging. This heat is rapidly transferred to the surrounding insulating immersion liquid, raising its temperature. The evaporator section 6 absorbs the heat from the immersion liquid, and the internal phase change working fluid absorbs heat and vaporizes, forming high-pressure steam. The capillary wick inside the loop heat pipe generates continuous capillary force, providing power for the working fluid circulation. Under the combined action of pressure difference and capillary force, the steam flows downward along the steam pipeline 7 to the underwater condenser 8. The underwater condenser 8 undergoes forced convection heat exchange with the low-temperature water body 11, and the steam condenses into a liquid working fluid after releasing its latent heat of vaporization. Under the combined action of capillary force and gravity, the liquid working fluid flows upward along the liquid pipeline 9 back to the evaporator section 6, completing one cycle. This cycle continues continuously, requiring no moving parts such as pumps or compressors. It consumes no energy, produces no noise, requires no maintenance, and can operate stably for extended periods in an unattended surface environment.

[0041] The temperature sensor collects the temperature of the insulating immersion liquid in the immersion box in real time. When the temperature exceeds the preset upper limit, the control unit can output a signal to prompt the heat dissipation system to operate at full load. When the temperature is lower than the preset lower limit, the control unit can determine that the system is in a low load state, realizing real-time monitoring and intelligent management of the battery pack's thermal status, and further improving the system's safety and controllability.

[0042] Example 2 like Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment is a cluster-type heat dissipation system with multiple evaporator sections 6 connected in parallel, which is suitable for centralized large-capacity energy storage scenarios on water surface platforms 12. It is an extension based on embodiment 1, which improves heat dissipation capacity and energy storage density.

[0043] In this embodiment, the submersible tank is no longer installed using a column-mounted method, but is instead fixedly installed on the water surface platform 12. The water surface platform 12 is a floating steel structure platform that can support multiple submersible tanks to form an energy storage battery cluster. Multiple submersible energy storage battery packs 4 are stacked and fixed in layers by battery cluster brackets 10. The battery cluster brackets 10 are made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel, which is corrosion-resistant, lightweight, and high-strength, ensuring the stable installation of the multi-layer battery packs.

[0044] Each submersible tank contains an independent evaporator section 6, which is connected in parallel and converges to the main steam pipeline 7 and the main liquid pipeline 9. The steam outlet of each evaporator section 6 is connected to the main steam pipeline 7, and the liquid inlet of each evaporator section 6 is connected to the main liquid pipeline 9, achieving stratified heat collection and centralized heat dissipation. The main steam pipeline 7 and the main liquid pipeline 9 extend vertically downwards along the edge of the water surface platform 12, directly connecting to the underwater condenser 8, simplifying the piping layout, reducing pipe joints, lowering the risk of leakage, and facilitating installation and subsequent maintenance.

[0045] The underwater condenser 8 still uses a finned tube heat exchanger, made of stainless steel or copper alloy that is resistant to seawater corrosion. It is submerged in the water body 11 below the surface platform 12, with an installation depth of about 1.5 meters, to ensure that it can be completely submerged and continuously and stably dissipate heat even when the water level fluctuates.

[0046] The working principle of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1. The difference lies in the large-scale expansion of heat dissipation capacity. When the multi-layer submerged energy storage battery pack 4 works at the same time, each layer of evaporator section 6 absorbs heat synchronously, and the internal phase change working fluid vaporizes at the same time. The steam flows into the main steam pipeline 7 and then enters the underwater condenser 8 for condensation. The condensed liquid working fluid flows back through the main liquid pipeline 9 and is distributed to each layer of evaporator section 6, forming a large-scale, pump-free, self-circulating heat dissipation system.

[0047] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a floating photovoltaic power station that integrates the above-mentioned floating energy storage immersion loop heat pipe cooling system, thereby realizing the integrated deployment of photovoltaic power generation and energy storage cooling, and improving the overall operating efficiency, stability and economic benefits of the power station.

[0048] The photovoltaic power station as a whole includes a photovoltaic array, a water surface support structure, an electrical control cabinet, and multiple sets of water surface energy storage submerged loop heat pipe cooling systems. The photovoltaic array consists of multiple photovoltaic modules 1 connected in series and parallel, and is fixedly installed on the top of the water surface support structure. The photovoltaic modules 1 receive solar energy and convert it into electrical energy to charge the energy storage battery pack. At the same time, they can directly supply power to the load, realizing the synergy of energy generation and storage.

[0049] The water surface support structure includes a support column 2, a triangular bracket 3, and a water surface platform 12. The support column 2 is vertically fixed in the water body 11, providing basic support for the photovoltaic array and heat dissipation system. The triangular bracket 3 is used for column-mounted installation of a single submerged tank, and the water surface platform 12 is used for installing multi-layer stacked energy storage battery clusters. The installation method can be flexibly selected according to the scale of the power station and the water conditions.

[0050] The water surface energy storage immersion loop heat pipe heat dissipation system can be configured according to the energy storage capacity, and can adopt the single-box structure of Embodiment 1 or the multi-evaporator parallel structure of Embodiment 2. Each heat dissipation system operates independently and does not interfere with each other, which facilitates modular maintenance and replacement.

[0051] The submersible tank is fixedly installed on the water surface support structure, and the energy storage battery pack is securely installed through the battery cluster bracket 10, realizing a distributed layout, making full use of the water surface space, and avoiding the problem of centralized energy storage occupying a large water area.

[0052] The electrical control cabinet is fixedly installed in a safe position on the water surface support structure and is electrically connected to the control units of the photovoltaic array and the heat dissipation system. The electrical control cabinet is used to realize the energy management of the photovoltaic array, the charging and discharging control of the energy storage battery pack, and the temperature monitoring and status adjustment of the heat dissipation system. The temperature sensor transmits the internal temperature of the immersion box to the control unit in real time, and the control unit uploads the data to the electrical control cabinet. The electrical control cabinet makes comprehensive adjustments based on the battery temperature, photovoltaic output, and load demand to ensure that the energy storage battery pack operates within a safe temperature range, thereby improving the battery cycle life and the overall reliability of the power station.

[0053] In this photovoltaic power station embodiment, the heat dissipation system requires no external power supply, has no moving parts, and requires no manual maintenance. It can adapt to complex water surface environments such as water level changes, water flow disturbances, and wind and wave impacts. It makes full use of natural water bodies 11 as a cold source, reducing heat dissipation energy consumption and operation and maintenance costs. It solves the industry pain points of traditional water surface photovoltaic power storage and heat dissipation difficulties, low reliability, and high maintenance costs. It is suitable for various water surface photovoltaic scenarios such as lakes, reservoirs, and nearshore areas, and has the value for large-scale promotion and application.

[0054] During installation, the support column 2 is first vertically fixed at a predetermined position in the water body 11 to ensure its verticality and structural stability. The triangular bracket 3 or water surface platform 12 is then fixed at the corresponding height of the support column 2 to ensure a robust and reliable load-bearing structure. The immersion tank is then fixedly installed on the triangular bracket 3 or water surface platform 12. The immersion battery pack 4 is then inserted into the immersion tank, ensuring that the individual battery cells 5 are evenly distributed without compression or loosening. Insulating impregnation fluid is then filled into the immersion tank until the battery pack is completely submerged, expelling any internal air and sealing the tank.

[0055] The evaporator section 6 of the loop heat pipe is arranged in a preset position inside the immersion chamber, and the steam line 7 and liquid line 9 are connected. The pipeline is laid along the support column 2 or the water surface platform 12 and fastened with pipe clamps to ensure that the pipeline connection is sealed, without leakage or bends. Then, the underwater condenser 8 is hoisted to the predetermined depth of the water body 11 to ensure complete immersion, and the steam line 7 and liquid line 9 are connected to complete the overall assembly of the loop heat pipe.

[0056] Install the temperature sensor and control unit. Fix the temperature sensor inside the immersion tank, connect the control unit wiring, and complete the electrical wiring. During system commissioning, first check the sealing of the loop heat pipe to ensure there is no working fluid leakage; then observe the working fluid circulation status to confirm that the capillary wick can drive the working fluid self-circulation normally; simulate battery pack operation by heating to test the heat dissipation effect and confirm that the temperature of the insulating immersion liquid and the operating status of the working fluid meet the design requirements.

[0057] During system operation, no manual intervention is required; it achieves fully automatic, pump-free, self-circulating heat dissipation. The control unit monitors the temperature of the insulating impregnation fluid in real time, and outputs an alarm signal when the temperature rises abnormally, facilitating timely handling by maintenance personnel. The insulating impregnation fluid can be used for a long time without frequent replacement. The loop heat pipe has no moving parts, resulting in an extremely low failure rate. The overall system boasts an ultra-long service life and extremely low maintenance costs.

[0058] This embodiment completely solves the shortcomings of existing water surface energy storage heat dissipation technology by coordinating structures such as the submerged enclosure, loop heat pipe, underwater condenser 8, and capillary wick. The insulating immersion liquid achieves full-encapsulation heat exchange of the battery pack, providing uniform heat dissipation, insulation, flame retardancy, and safety protection. The capillary wick inside the loop heat pipe generates capillary force, achieving pump-free and power-free self-circulating heat dissipation, eliminating the need for moving parts such as water pumps and compressors, achieving zero energy consumption, high reliability, and maintenance-free operation. The condenser section is located below the evaporator section 6, adapting to a layout where the photovoltaic heat source is above and the cold source is below. The underwater condenser 8 is directly submerged in water 11, fully utilizing natural cold sources and significantly reducing heat dissipation costs. The system adopts a modular and distributed design, adaptable to various installation methods such as column mounting and platform mounting, meeting the energy storage needs of different scenarios.

[0059] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit its scope of protection. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that after reading the present invention, they can still make various changes, modifications or equivalent substitutions to the specific implementation of the invention, but these changes, modifications or equivalent substitutions are all within the scope of protection of the pending claims of the invention.

Claims

1. A water-surface energy storage immersion loop heat pipe cooling system, characterized in that, include: The submerged enclosure contains an energy storage battery pack and is filled with insulating impregnation fluid. A loop heat pipe, internally sealed and filled with a phase change working fluid, has an evaporator section and a condenser section, wherein the evaporator section is immersed in an insulating immersion liquid inside the immersion chamber; An underwater condenser is submerged in water. The steam inlet of the underwater condenser is sealed and connected to the steam outlet of the evaporator section, and the liquid outlet of the underwater condenser is connected to the liquid inlet of the condenser section. The condenser section is located below the evaporator section, and a capillary wick is installed inside the loop heat pipe. The capillary wick can generate capillary force to drive the working fluid to circulate and achieve pump-free self-circulating heat dissipation.

2. The water surface energy storage submersible loop heat pipe heat dissipation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insulating immersion liquid is an insulating fluorinated liquid or transformer oil.

3. The water surface energy storage submersible loop heat pipe heat dissipation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The loop heat pipe is provided with multiple evaporator sections, which are connected in parallel and are all connected to an underwater condenser.

4. The water surface energy storage submersible loop heat pipe heat dissipation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The evaporator section and the condenser section are connected by a connecting pipe, which is laid along the outer wall of the water surface photovoltaic support column and connected to the water surface photovoltaic support column by a pipe clamp.

5. The water surface energy storage submersible loop heat pipe heat dissipation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The underwater condenser is a finned tube heat exchanger, which is made of copper alloy or stainless steel.

6. The water surface energy storage submersible loop heat pipe heat dissipation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a temperature sensor and a control unit. The temperature sensor is fixedly installed inside the immersion tank and is used to detect the temperature of the insulating immersion liquid.

7. The water surface energy storage submersible loop heat pipe heat dissipation system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The control unit is connected to the temperature sensor. The control unit is used to receive the detection signal from the temperature sensor and adjust the working state of the loop heat pipe according to the detection signal.

8. The water surface energy storage submersible loop heat pipe heat dissipation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The immersion tank is fixedly installed on the photovoltaic support column or the floating platform on the water surface.

9. The water surface energy storage submersible loop heat pipe heat dissipation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The immersion chamber has a rectangular structure, and the evaporator section is arranged along the length of the immersion chamber, with the extension direction of the evaporator section perpendicular to the extension direction of the condenser section.

10. A photovoltaic power station, characterized in that, include: The water surface energy storage immersion loop heat pipe heat dissipation system, photovoltaic array, water surface support structure and electrical control cabinet according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the photovoltaic array and the immersion tank of the heat dissipation system are both installed on the water surface support structure, and the electrical control cabinet is electrically connected to the control units of the photovoltaic array and the heat dissipation system respectively.

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