Method and system for detecting the loosening degree of a tower bolt based on laser power attenuation

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on laser power attenuation detection tower bolt loosening degree method and system, it is related to tower bolt loosening monitoring technical field, method includes: obtaining laser signal after linear attenuation sheet is transmitted in laser power attenuation sheet device, and extracting laser power variation feature;Wherein, the laser power attenuation sheet device is fixedly installed on tower bolt component in advance;Based on the laser power variation feature and preset laser power reception initial value, determine current laser power attenuation value, and calculate laser attenuation amplitude, and compare with laser attenuation amplitude threshold value, and screen out tower bolt component that bolt loosening exists;Based on screened tower bolt component, obtain the laser attenuation coefficient of the laser power attenuation sheet device, and calculate bolt loosening displacement;Based on the bolt loosening displacement determines tower bolt loosening degree.The application realizes the accurate monitoring of bolt loosening displacement and state, guarantees power transmission safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tower bolt loosening monitoring technology, and in particular to a method and system for detecting the degree of tower bolt loosening based on laser power attenuation. Background Technology

[0002] As crucial connecting components of power transmission lines, the tightness of tower bolts directly impacts the safety of power transmission. With the expansion of the power grid, traditional manual inspection methods are no longer sufficient to meet the demands for efficient and precise operation and maintenance.

[0003] Existing methods for monitoring bolt loosening on power poles are mostly based on image recognition technology, which determines the loosening state by collecting surface texture features of the bolts. However, the bolt surface is easily affected by environmental factors such as stains and corrosion, leading to inaccurate texture feature extraction and low measurement accuracy. Secondly, complex image processing algorithms require high computing power from the data processing unit, resulting in high system power consumption and slow response. In addition, in outdoor environments, factors such as laser refraction and temperature changes can further introduce measurement errors, making it difficult for traditional methods to accurately quantify the actual loosening displacement of the bolts. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the difficulty in accurately quantifying the actual loosening displacement of bolts in existing technologies, this invention provides a method and system for detecting the loosening degree of tower bolts based on laser power attenuation. This method enables precise monitoring of bolt loosening displacement and condition, ensuring the safety of power transmission. The specific technical solution is as follows: This invention provides a method for detecting the looseness of tower bolts based on laser power attenuation, comprising the following steps: The laser signal after transmission through the linear attenuator in the laser power attenuator device is acquired, and the laser power change characteristics of the laser signal are extracted; wherein, the laser power attenuator device is pre-fixed on the tower bolt component; Based on the laser power change characteristics and the preset initial value of laser power reception, the current laser power attenuation value is determined, and the laser attenuation amplitude is calculated. The laser attenuation amplitude is compared with the preset laser attenuation amplitude threshold to screen out tower bolt components with loose bolts; wherein, the preset initial value of laser power reception is the initial value of laser power reception under the bolt tightening state. Based on the selected tower bolt components with loose bolts, the laser attenuation coefficient of the laser power attenuator device is obtained, and the bolt loosening displacement is calculated according to the current laser power attenuation value and the laser attenuation coefficient. The degree of loosening of the tower bolts is determined based on the bolt loosening displacement.

[0005] Preferably, the method for detecting the looseness of tower bolts based on laser power attenuation according to the present invention further includes: The current temperature data of the tower bolt components is obtained. Based on the current temperature data and the preset initial temperature value, the temperature compensation amount is calculated. The bolt loosening displacement is then compensated by laser attenuation amplitude to obtain the compensated bolt loosening displacement.

[0006] Preferably, the step of acquiring the laser signal after transmission through the linear attenuator in the laser power attenuator device and extracting the laser power change characteristics of the laser signal specifically includes: Based on a preset time series, the laser signal after transmission through a linear attenuator is received, and a laser power variation curve is constructed. Laser power change features are extracted from the laser power change curve to obtain laser power change features.

[0007] Preferably, the step of determining the current laser power attenuation value based on the laser power change characteristics and a preset initial laser power reception value, calculating the laser attenuation amplitude, and comparing the laser attenuation amplitude with a preset laser attenuation amplitude threshold to screen out tower bolt components with loose bolts specifically includes: The difference between the initial laser power received and the currently received laser power is calculated to obtain the current laser power attenuation value. The current laser power attenuation value is divided by the laser emission power to obtain the current laser power attenuation range; The current laser attenuation amplitude is compared with a preset laser attenuation amplitude threshold; If the current laser attenuation amplitude is greater than or equal to the laser attenuation amplitude threshold, it is determined that the tower bolt component is loose; if it is less than the laser attenuation amplitude threshold, it is determined that the tower bolt component is not loose.

[0008] Preferably, calculating the bolt loosening displacement based on the current laser power attenuation value and the laser attenuation coefficient specifically includes: Based on the current laser power attenuation value and the laser attenuation coefficient of the linear attenuator component in the laser power attenuator device, the change in the transmission position of the laser on the linear attenuator component is determined, and its expression is as follows: in, This represents the change in the transmission position of the laser beam on the linear attenuator component. This represents the current laser power attenuation value. The laser attenuation coefficient is the linear attenuator component in the laser power attenuator device. The bolt loosening displacement is determined based on the change in the transmission position of the laser on the linear attenuator component.

[0009] Preferably, the step of acquiring the current temperature data of the tower bolt components, calculating the temperature compensation amount based on the current temperature data and a preset initial temperature value, and performing laser attenuation amplitude compensation processing on the bolt loosening displacement to obtain the compensated bolt loosening displacement specifically includes: The temperature change of the tower bolt components is obtained by subtracting the current temperature data from the preset initial temperature value. Based on the temperature change and the material parameters and thermal expansion coefficient data of the tower bolt components, the thermal expansion displacement of the bolt caused by the change in ambient temperature is determined. Based on the thermal expansion displacement, the bolt loosening displacement calculation result is subjected to bolt loosening laser attenuation amplitude compensation processing to obtain the compensated bolt loosening displacement.

[0010] Preferably, determining the degree of loosening of the tower bolts based on the bolt loosening displacement specifically includes: The bolt loosening displacement is compared with the preset loosening safety threshold and loosening alarm threshold; If the loosening displacement of the bolt is less than or equal to the loosening safety threshold, it is determined to be slightly loose. If the bolt loosening displacement is greater than the loosening safety threshold but less than the loosening alarm threshold, it is determined to be moderately loose. If the loosening displacement of the bolt is greater than or equal to the loosening alarm threshold, it is determined to be severely loose.

[0011] This invention also provides a system for detecting the looseness of tower bolts based on laser power attenuation, which applies the aforementioned method and includes: The signal acquisition and feature extraction unit is used to acquire the laser signal after transmission through the linear attenuator in the laser power attenuator device, and extract the laser power change characteristics of the laser signal; wherein, the laser power attenuator device is pre-fixed on the tower bolt component; The comparison and screening unit is used to determine the current laser power attenuation value based on the laser power change characteristics and the preset initial value of laser power reception, and to calculate the laser attenuation amplitude. The laser attenuation amplitude is compared with the preset laser attenuation amplitude threshold to screen out tower bolt components with loose bolts. The preset initial value of laser power reception is the initial value of laser power reception under the bolt tightening state. The loosening displacement calculation unit is used to obtain the laser attenuation coefficient of the laser power attenuator device based on the screened tower bolt components with loose bolts, and to calculate the bolt loosening displacement according to the current laser power attenuation value and the laser attenuation coefficient. A loosening degree identification unit is used to determine the degree of loosening of the tower bolts based on the bolt loosening displacement.

[0012] Preferably, the system for detecting the looseness of tower bolts based on laser power attenuation according to the present invention further includes: The loosening displacement compensation unit is used to acquire the current temperature data of the tower bolt components, calculate the temperature compensation amount based on the current temperature data and the preset initial temperature value, and perform laser attenuation amplitude compensation processing on the bolt loosening displacement to obtain the compensated bolt loosening displacement.

[0013] Preferably, the laser power attenuator device includes a linear attenuator component, an attenuator fastener, a laser fastening component, a laser emitting unit, and a laser receiving unit; The linear attenuator component is fixedly connected to the attenuator fastener, and the attenuator fastener is fixedly connected to the screw. The laser fastening component is used to fix and connect to the screw, and is in close contact with one end of the nut; The laser emitting unit and the laser receiving unit are respectively fixedly installed on both sides of the laser fastening component; The laser signal emitted by the laser emitting unit passes through the linear attenuator component and is received by the laser receiving unit. When the nut loosens, it moves the laser fastening component, changing the transmission position of the laser on the linear attenuator component, so that the laser power received by the laser receiving unit changes as the nut loosens.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention discloses a method and system for detecting the looseness of tower bolts based on laser power attenuation. The method involves tightly contacting a laser-fastening component with one end of a nut. When the nut loosens, the laser-fastening component moves, changing the transmission position of the laser on a linear attenuator, thus altering the received laser power according to the degree of looseness. The bolt loosening displacement is calculated based on the current laser power attenuation value and the laser attenuation coefficient, and the degree of looseness is determined based on this displacement. This invention requires no complex image processing, has a low computational load, and enables automatic and quantitative monitoring of bolt looseness, ensuring the safe and stable operation of power transmission. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0016] Figure 1 A flowchart of a method for detecting the looseness of tower bolts based on laser power attenuation, provided for an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the laser power attenuator device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 The flowchart illustrates a method for detecting the looseness of tower bolts based on laser power attenuation, as provided in another embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a system for detecting the looseness of tower bolts based on laser power attenuation, provided as an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Attached image labels: 101-Screw, 102-Nut, 201-Laser fastening component, 202-Laser emitter, 203-Laser receiver, 301-Attenuator fastener, 302-Linear attenuator component. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] It should be understood that, when used in this specification, the terms “comprising” and “including” indicate the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections thereof.

[0023] It should also be understood that the terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0024] It should also be further understood that the term "and / or" as used in this specification refers to any combination of one or more of the associated listed items, as well as all possible combinations, and includes such combinations.

[0025] Please refer to the following examples. Figures 1 to 4 .

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this application provides a method for detecting the looseness of tower bolts based on laser power attenuation, including the following steps: S1. Acquire the laser signal after transmission through the linear attenuator in the laser power attenuator device, and extract the laser power change characteristics of the laser signal; wherein, the laser power attenuator device is pre-fixed on the tower bolt component; like Figure 2 As shown, the laser power attenuator device in this embodiment includes a linear attenuator component 302, an attenuator fastener 301, a laser fastening component 201, a laser emitting unit, and a laser receiving unit. The linear attenuator component 302 is fixedly connected to the attenuator fastener 301, which is in turn fixedly connected to the screw 101. The laser fastening component 201 can be fixedly connected to the screw 101 to achieve tight contact with one end of the nut 102. The laser emitting unit is fixedly installed on one side of the laser fastening component 201, and the laser receiving unit is fixedly installed on the other side. That is, the linear attenuator component 302 is installed between the laser emitting unit and the laser receiving unit. The laser signal emitted by the laser emitting unit is transmitted through the linear attenuator component 302 and received by the laser receiving unit. Optionally, the laser transmittance of the linear attenuator component 302 can be set to decrease linearly from the end fixedly connected to the screw 101 to the other end. Because the laser fastening component 201 is in tight contact with one end of the nut 102, when the nut 102 loosens, the laser fastening component 201 moves, thereby changing the transmission position of the laser on the linear attenuator component 302, and thus the received laser power changes as the nut 102 loosens.

[0027] Specifically, the process of acquiring the laser signal after transmission through the linear attenuator in the laser power attenuator device and extracting the laser power change characteristics of the laser signal includes the following steps: Step 1.1: Fix and install a laser power attenuator device on the tower bolt components, where the laser transmittance varies with the degree of looseness of nut 102; The specific installation method of the laser power attenuator device is as follows: The laser fastening component 201 is fixed to the screw 101 by threads or adhesive, ensuring that it is in close contact with one end of the nut 102. When the nut 102 loosens, it will directly push the laser fastening component 201 to move axially.

[0028] The linear attenuator component 302 is fixed to the end of the screw 101 by the attenuator fastener 301. The linear attenuator component 302 is made of a material whose transmittance varies linearly along the axial direction, and whose transmittance increases or decreases linearly from the end near the screw 101 to the end away from the screw 101.

[0029] The laser emitter 202 and the laser receiver 203 are fixedly installed on both sides of the laser fastening component 201 to ensure that the laser beam emitted by the laser emitter 202 can pass through the linear attenuator component 302 and be accurately received by the laser receiver 203.

[0030] Step 1.2: Receive the laser signal after transmission through the linear attenuator based on a preset time series, and construct a laser power variation curve; After the device is installed and powered on, it continuously receives the laser signal transmitted through the linear attenuator component 302 at preset time intervals (e.g., once every 10 minutes). The receiving unit converts the optical signal into an electrical signal and records the laser power value acquired each time. The acquired data is plotted with time on the x-axis and laser power value on the y-axis to generate a continuous laser power variation curve.

[0031] Step 1.3: Extract laser power change features from the laser power change curve to obtain the laser power change features.

[0032] The laser power variation curves described above are analyzed to identify the trend and magnitude of power attenuation. The specific steps are as follows: Calculate the difference between the average laser power over the current time period and the initial power value (i.e., the baseline power value when nut 102 is not loose). Determine whether the power exhibits a continuous decreasing trend through curve fitting or slope calculation. Extract the start time, rate of decrease, and current power attenuation value as laser power change characteristics, i.e., laser power reduction change characteristics. When the power value decreases beyond the laser attenuation magnitude threshold, it can be determined that nut 102 has loosened, triggering subsequent loosening displacement calculations.

[0033] For example, when fixing a laser power attenuator device to a tower bolt component, firstly, the laser fastening component 201 is fixedly connected to the tower bolt and in close contact with one end of the nut 102. Then, the linear attenuator component 302 is fixed to the end of the screw 101 using the attenuator fastener 301. The attenuator fastener 301 can be fixedly connected to the screw 101 by a threaded connection, and the laser fastening component 201 can be fixedly connected to the tower bolt by a threaded connection or / and adhesive connection. The laser fastening component 201 is fixedly connected to the tower bolt by a threaded connection: the laser fastening component 201 has a thread adapted to the screw 101, and the laser fastening component 201 is fixedly connected to the screw 101, ensuring close contact between one end of the laser fastening component 201 and the nut 102. The laser fastening component 201 is fixed to the tower bolt by adhesive bonding. An adhesive layer is provided at one end of the laser fastening component 201, which is used to bond and fix the laser fastening component 201 to the nut 102. To further improve the tightness of contact between the laser fastening component 201 and the nut 102, the laser fastening component 201 is threadedly fixed to the screw 101, and the laser fastening component 201 and nut 102 are then bonded and fixed together. When the nut 102 loosens, it causes the laser fastening component 201 to move, and the transmission position of the laser on the linear attenuator component 302 also changes accordingly. This results in the received laser power changing as the nut 102 loosens.

[0034] S2. Based on the laser power change characteristics and the preset initial value of laser power reception, determine the current laser power attenuation value and calculate the laser attenuation amplitude. Compare the laser attenuation amplitude with the preset laser attenuation amplitude threshold to screen out tower bolt components with loose bolts; wherein, the preset initial value of laser power reception is the initial value of laser power reception under the bolt tightening state. In specific implementation, step S2 includes: Step 2.1: Based on the laser power change feature extraction processing results, obtain the currently received laser power and laser emission power, and perform laser power difference processing between the initial laser power received value and the currently received laser power to obtain the current laser power attenuation value.

[0035] With the tower bolts tightened (no loosening), the system first performs initial calibration. At this time, the laser transmitter 202 emits a constant power laser beam, which passes through the linear attenuator component 302 and is received by the laser receiver 203. The laser power received at this moment is recorded as the initial value of the laser power reception and used as a benchmark for subsequent judgments.

[0036] During the subsequent monitoring process, the laser receiver 203 collects the currently received laser power in real time according to the preset sampling frequency (e.g., once per second), and records it as the currently received laser power.

[0037] Step 2.2: Based on the current laser power attenuation value and laser emission power, determine the current laser attenuation amplitude, and compare the current laser attenuation amplitude with the laser attenuation amplitude threshold to obtain the laser attenuation amplitude comparison result.

[0038] To eliminate the impact of laser emission power fluctuations, the current laser power attenuation value needs to be divided with the laser emission power to obtain the current laser attenuation range.

[0039] Step 2.3: Based on the laser attenuation amplitude comparison processing results, tower bolt components whose laser attenuation amplitude exceeds the laser attenuation amplitude threshold can be screened out.

[0040] Based on the transmittance gradient of the linear attenuator component 302 and the required minimum loosening detection sensitivity, a laser attenuation amplitude threshold is preset. This threshold is typically determined experimentally, for example, set to 5% of the initial power value. If the nut 102 loosens, causing the laser spot to move on the attenuator, the transmittance decreases, and the attenuation amplitude will exceed this threshold.

[0041] If the current laser attenuation amplitude is greater than or equal to the laser attenuation amplitude threshold, the tower bolt component is determined to be loose; if the current laser attenuation amplitude is less than the laser attenuation amplitude threshold, the tower bolt component is determined not to be loose. By comparing the current laser attenuation amplitude with the laser attenuation amplitude threshold, tower bolt components with loose bolts can be quickly identified, allowing for timely inspection and maintenance of these components, thereby ensuring the safe and stable transmission of power.

[0042] For example, assuming the laser emission power is 100mW, the initial laser power received is 90mW, and the laser attenuation threshold is set to 10%, if the currently received laser power is 70mW obtained through laser power change feature extraction, the difference between the initial laser power received and the currently received laser power is calculated to obtain a current laser power attenuation value of 20mW. The quotient of the current laser power attenuation value and the laser emission power is then calculated to obtain a current laser power attenuation amplitude of 20%. The current laser attenuation amplitude is then compared with the laser attenuation amplitude threshold, indicating that the current laser attenuation amplitude is greater than the laser attenuation amplitude threshold, and thus it is determined that the bolts on the tower are loose. If the received laser power is 85mW obtained through laser power change feature extraction, the difference between the initial received laser power and the currently received laser power is calculated to obtain a current laser power attenuation value of 5mW. The quotient of the current laser power attenuation value and the laser emission power is calculated to obtain a current laser power attenuation amplitude of 5%. The current laser attenuation amplitude is compared with the laser attenuation amplitude threshold. It is concluded that the current laser attenuation amplitude is less than the laser attenuation amplitude threshold, and it is determined that there is no loose bolt in the tower bolt component.

[0043] S3. Based on the selected tower bolt components with loose bolts, obtain the laser attenuation coefficient of the laser power attenuator device, and calculate the bolt loosening displacement according to the current laser power attenuation value and the laser attenuation coefficient; In specific implementation, step S3 includes: Step 3.1: Obtain the laser attenuation coefficient of the linear attenuator component 302 in the laser power attenuator device; The laser attenuation coefficient characterizes the power attenuation when the laser is transmitted through the linear attenuator component 302.

[0044] The current laser power attenuation value of the tower bolt components identified as having loose bolts is obtained. Since the laser transmittance of the linear attenuator component 302 decreases linearly from the end fixedly connected to the screw 101 to the other end, the change in the laser transmission position on the linear attenuator component 302 is obtained by calculating the current laser power attenuation value and the laser attenuation coefficient. The expression is as follows: in, This represents the change in the transmission position of the laser beam on the linear attenuator component. This represents the current laser power attenuation value. The laser attenuation coefficient is the linear attenuator component in the laser power attenuator device. Step 3.2: Determine the bolt loosening displacement based on the change in the transmission position of the laser on the linear attenuator component 302.

[0045] Since the laser fastening component 201 is in close contact with the nut 102, and the change in the transmission position of the laser on the linear attenuator component 302 is caused by the loosening of the nut 102, which drives the laser fastening component 201 to move, the change in the transmission position of the laser on the linear attenuator component 302 corresponds to the loosening displacement of the nut 102. Thus, the bolt loosening displacement can be obtained based on the change in the transmission position of the laser on the linear attenuator component 302.

[0046] For example, suppose the laser attenuation coefficient k of the linear attenuator component 302 in the laser power attenuator device is 0.1 (unit: mm / mw), meaning that every 1mw of laser power attenuation corresponds to a 0.1mm change in the transmission position of the laser on the linear attenuator component 302. If the current laser power attenuation value A of 20mw is found in the tower bolt component with loose bolts, substituting A and k into the expression... The change in the transmission position of the laser on the linear attenuator component 302, S, is 20 × 0.1 = 2 mm. Since this change corresponds to the loosening displacement of the nut 102, the loosening displacement of the tower bolt component is 2 mm. Using the current laser power attenuation value and the laser attenuation coefficient of the linear attenuator component 302 in the laser power attenuator device, the loosening displacement of the tower bolt component can be accurately calculated. This is used for subsequent assessment of the degree of loosening of the tower bolts. Based on the assessment results, the tower bolt components with loose bolts are inspected and maintained to ensure safe and stable power transmission. It should be noted that the laser attenuation coefficient of the linear attenuator component 302 in the laser power attenuator device can be selected according to actual usage. This invention does not specifically set the laser attenuation coefficient of the linear attenuator component 302. Determining the bolt loosening displacement by the change in the transmission position of the laser on the linear attenuator component 302 falls within the protection scope of this invention.

[0047] S4. Determine the degree of loosening of the tower bolts based on the bolt loosening displacement; Set a safety threshold and an alarm threshold for loose tower bolts to assess the degree of loosening. Specifically, step S4 includes: The degree of loosening of tower bolts is determined based on the actual loosening distance of the tower bolts; If the actual loosening distance of the tower bolts is less than or equal to the safety threshold for tower bolt loosening, the degree of tower bolt loosening is judged as slight loosening. If the actual loosening distance of the tower bolts is greater than the safety threshold for tower bolt loosening but less than the alarm threshold for tower bolt loosening, then the degree of tower bolt loosening is judged as moderate loosening. If the actual loosening distance of the tower bolts is greater than the tower bolt loosening alarm threshold, the degree of loosening of the tower bolts is judged as severe loosening of the tower bolts; A tower bolt loosening monitoring report is generated based on the results of the tower bolt loosening assessment.

[0048] The degree of loosening of tower bolts is determined by comparing the actual loosening distance with the safety threshold and alarm threshold for bolt loosening. A tower bolt loosening monitoring report is then generated based on the assessment results. This report provides a clear overview of the bolt loosening situation and basic bolt information, including the tower number, bolt specifications, and installation location. Based on the loosening status, maintenance personnel can be promptly dispatched to inspect and maintain the affected bolts, ensuring the safe and stable operation of power transmission.

[0049] This invention discloses a method and system for detecting the looseness of tower bolts based on laser power attenuation. The laser fastening component 201 is in close contact with one end of a nut 102. When the nut 102 loosens, it moves the laser fastening component 201, changing the transmission position of the laser on the linear attenuator component 302, thus altering the received laser power with the degree of looseness. The bolt loosening displacement is calculated based on the current laser power attenuation value and the laser attenuation coefficient, and the degree of looseness is determined according to the bolt loosening displacement. This invention requires no complex image processing, has a low computational load, and can achieve automatic and quantitative monitoring of bolt looseness, ensuring the safe and stable operation of power transmission.

[0050] Specifically, in a preferred embodiment of this application, such as Figure 3 As shown, it also includes: Step S3.5: Obtain the current temperature data of the tower bolt components, calculate the temperature compensation amount based on the current temperature data and the preset initial temperature value, and perform laser attenuation amplitude compensation processing on the bolt loosening displacement to obtain the compensated bolt loosening displacement.

[0051] Because tower bolts are subject to thermal expansion and contraction due to changes in ambient temperature, this can lead to deviations in bolt loosening displacement detection results.

[0052] In specific implementation, step S3.5 includes: Step 3.51: Based on the difference between the current temperature data and the preset initial temperature value, the temperature change of the tower bolt components is obtained; Temperature sensors, such as thermocouples or digital temperature sensors, are installed near the tower bolt components to collect real-time ambient temperature data at a fixed sampling frequency (e.g., once per minute). A pre-set initial temperature value is stored internally, typically recorded automatically after installation and calibration. The difference between the current temperature data and the preset initial temperature value yields the current temperature change of the tower bolt components.

[0053] Step 3.52: Based on the temperature change and the material parameters and thermal expansion coefficient data of the tower bolt components, determine the thermal expansion displacement of the bolt caused by the change in ambient temperature; Thermal expansion displacement The calculation formula is: in, The linear thermal expansion coefficient of the tower bolt material; This refers to the effective tightening length of the bolt. This represents the change in temperature.

[0054] Step 3.53: Based on the thermal expansion displacement, perform bolt loosening laser attenuation amplitude compensation processing on the bolt loosening displacement calculation result to obtain the compensated bolt loosening displacement.

[0055] Subtract the thermal expansion displacement calculated in step S3.52 from the bolt loosening displacement calculated in step S3.52 (the specific direction of addition or subtraction is determined according to the influence of thermal expansion on the laser spot position in the actual physical model) to obtain the final compensated actual loosening displacement of the tower bolt. If the thermal expansion of the screw 101 causes the nut 102 to move forward relative to its position, then the displacement needs to be subtracted; otherwise, it should be added.

[0056] For example, assuming the bolt loosening displacement calculation result is 2mm, the initial bolt length is (the effective tightening length of the bolt). The diameter of the bolt is 100mm. The current temperature of the tower bolt component is 40℃, and the preset initial temperature value is 20℃. Therefore, the temperature change of the tower bolt component is 20℃. The thermal expansion coefficient of the tower bolt component material is 2.0×10-6 / ℃. The calculated thermal expansion displacement of the bolt due to the change in ambient temperature is 0.004mm. Based on this thermal expansion displacement, the bolt loosening displacement calculation result is compensated for by laser attenuation amplitude. That is, the thermal expansion displacement is subtracted from the bolt loosening displacement calculation result, resulting in an actual bolt loosening displacement of 1.996mm. By effectively compensating for the bolt loosening displacement error caused by temperature factors, the accuracy of bolt loosening displacement detection is greatly improved.

[0057] This embodiment can accurately eliminate the extra displacement caused by the thermal expansion and contraction of bolt materials due to changes in ambient temperature, obtaining the true displacement amount caused solely by mechanical loosening, independent of temperature factors. It effectively eliminates measurement deviations caused by seasonal temperature differences, diurnal temperature variations, and other factors, avoiding false alarms or missed detections due to thermal expansion and contraction, and improving the accuracy of tower bolt loosening monitoring.

[0058] like Figure 4 As shown, this application provides a system for detecting the looseness of tower bolts based on laser power attenuation, which applies the aforementioned method and includes: The signal acquisition and feature extraction unit is used to acquire the laser signal after transmission through the linear attenuator in the laser power attenuator device, and extract the laser power change characteristics of the laser signal; wherein, the laser power attenuator device is pre-fixed on the tower bolt component; The comparison and screening unit is used to determine the current laser power attenuation value based on the laser power change characteristics and the preset initial value of laser power reception, and to calculate the laser attenuation amplitude. The laser attenuation amplitude is compared with the preset laser attenuation amplitude threshold to screen out tower bolt components with loose bolts. The preset initial value of laser power reception is the initial value of laser power reception under the bolt tightening state. The loosening displacement calculation unit is used to obtain the laser attenuation coefficient of the laser power attenuator device based on the screened tower bolt components with loose bolts, and to calculate the bolt loosening displacement according to the current laser power attenuation value and the laser attenuation coefficient. The loosening displacement compensation unit is used to acquire the current temperature data of the tower bolt components, calculate the temperature compensation amount based on the current temperature data and the preset initial temperature value, and perform laser attenuation amplitude compensation processing on the bolt loosening displacement to obtain the compensated bolt loosening displacement.

[0059] A loosening degree identification unit is used to determine the degree of loosening of the tower bolts based on the bolt loosening displacement.

[0060] Specifically, the laser power attenuator device includes a linear attenuator component 302, an attenuator fastener 301, a laser fastening component 201, a laser emitting unit, and a laser receiving unit. The linear attenuator component 302 is fixedly connected to the attenuator fastener 301, and the attenuator fastener 301 is fixedly connected to the screw 101. The laser fastening component 201 is used to fix and connect to the screw 101, and is in close contact with one end of the nut 102; The laser emitting unit and the laser receiving unit are respectively fixedly installed on both sides of the laser fastening component 201; The laser signal emitted by the laser emitting unit passes through the linear attenuator component 302 and is received by the laser receiving unit; When the nut 102 loosens, it moves the laser fastening component 201, changing the transmission position of the laser on the linear attenuator component 302, so that the laser power received by the laser receiving unit changes as the nut 102 loosens.

[0061] The functional explanation of each unit in this embodiment is the same as that of a method for detecting the looseness of tower bolts based on laser power attenuation, and the technical effect is the same, so it will not be repeated here.

[0062] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units of the various examples described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the components of the various examples have been generally described in terms of functionality in the foregoing description. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention.

[0063] In the embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the division of units is only a logical functional division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple units can be combined into one unit, one unit can be split into multiple units, or some features can be ignored.

[0064] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0065] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), portable hard drives, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0066] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the specification of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for detecting the looseness of tower bolts based on laser power attenuation, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The laser signal after transmission through the linear attenuator in the laser power attenuator device is acquired, and the laser power change characteristics of the laser signal are extracted; wherein, the laser power attenuator device is pre-fixed on the tower bolt component; Based on the laser power change characteristics and the preset initial value of laser power reception, the current laser power attenuation value is determined, and the laser attenuation amplitude is calculated. The laser attenuation amplitude is compared with the preset laser attenuation amplitude threshold to screen out tower bolt components with loose bolts; wherein, the preset initial value of laser power reception is the initial value of laser power reception under the bolt tightening state. Based on the selected tower bolt components with loose bolts, the laser attenuation coefficient of the laser power attenuator device is obtained, and the bolt loosening displacement is calculated according to the current laser power attenuation value and the laser attenuation coefficient. The degree of loosening of the tower bolts is determined based on the bolt loosening displacement.

2. The method for detecting the looseness of tower bolts based on laser power attenuation according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The current temperature data of the tower bolt components is obtained. Based on the current temperature data and the preset initial temperature value, the temperature compensation amount is calculated. The bolt loosening displacement is then compensated by laser attenuation amplitude to obtain the compensated bolt loosening displacement.

3. The method for detecting the looseness of tower bolts based on laser power attenuation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of acquiring the laser signal after transmission through the linear attenuator in the laser power attenuator device and extracting the laser power change characteristics of the laser signal specifically includes: Based on a preset time series, the laser signal after transmission through a linear attenuator is received, and a laser power variation curve is constructed. Laser power change features are extracted from the laser power change curve to obtain laser power change features.

4. The method for detecting the looseness of tower bolts based on laser power attenuation according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the laser power change characteristics and a preset initial laser power reception value, the current laser power attenuation value is determined, and the laser attenuation amplitude is calculated. The laser attenuation amplitude is compared with a preset laser attenuation amplitude threshold to screen out tower bolt components with loose bolts. Specifically, this includes: The difference between the initial laser power received and the currently received laser power is calculated to obtain the current laser power attenuation value. The current laser power attenuation value is divided by the laser emission power to obtain the current laser power attenuation range; The current laser attenuation amplitude is compared with a preset laser attenuation amplitude threshold; If the current laser attenuation amplitude is greater than or equal to the laser attenuation amplitude threshold, it is determined that the tower bolt component is loose; if it is less than the laser attenuation amplitude threshold, it is determined that the tower bolt component is not loose.

5. The method for detecting the looseness of tower bolts based on laser power attenuation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bolt loosening displacement is calculated based on the current laser power attenuation value and the laser attenuation coefficient, specifically including: Based on the current laser power attenuation value and the laser attenuation coefficient of the linear attenuator component in the laser power attenuator device, the change in the transmission position of the laser on the linear attenuator component is determined, and its expression is as follows: in, This represents the change in the transmission position of the laser beam on the linear attenuator component. This represents the current laser power attenuation value. The laser attenuation coefficient is the linear attenuator component in the laser power attenuator device. The bolt loosening displacement is determined based on the change in the transmission position of the laser on the linear attenuator component.

6. The method for detecting the looseness of tower bolts based on laser power attenuation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The process involves acquiring the current temperature data of the tower bolt components, calculating a temperature compensation amount based on the current temperature data and a preset initial temperature value, and performing laser attenuation amplitude compensation processing on the bolt loosening displacement to obtain the compensated bolt loosening displacement. Specifically, this includes: The temperature change of the tower bolt components is obtained by subtracting the current temperature data from the preset initial temperature value. Based on the temperature change and the material parameters and thermal expansion coefficient data of the tower bolt components, the thermal expansion displacement of the bolt caused by the change in ambient temperature is determined. Based on the thermal expansion displacement, the bolt loosening displacement calculation result is subjected to bolt loosening laser attenuation amplitude compensation processing to obtain the compensated bolt loosening displacement.

7. The method for detecting the looseness of tower bolts based on laser power attenuation according to claim 6, characterized in that, The degree of bolt loosening is determined based on the bolt loosening displacement, specifically including: The bolt loosening displacement is compared with the preset loosening safety threshold and loosening alarm threshold; If the loosening displacement of the bolt is less than or equal to the loosening safety threshold, it is determined to be slightly loose. If the bolt loosening displacement is greater than the loosening safety threshold but less than the loosening alarm threshold, it is determined to be moderately loose. If the loosening displacement of the bolt is greater than or equal to the loosening alarm threshold, it is determined to be severely loose.

8. A system for detecting the looseness of tower bolts based on laser power attenuation, characterized in that, The method described in any one of claims 1-7 comprises: The signal acquisition and feature extraction unit is used to acquire the laser signal after transmission through the linear attenuator in the laser power attenuator device, and extract the laser power change characteristics of the laser signal; wherein, the laser power attenuator device is pre-fixed on the tower bolt component; The comparison and screening unit is used to determine the current laser power attenuation value based on the laser power change characteristics and the preset initial value of laser power reception, and to calculate the laser attenuation amplitude. The laser attenuation amplitude is compared with the preset laser attenuation amplitude threshold to screen out tower bolt components with loose bolts. The preset initial value of laser power reception is the initial value of laser power reception under the bolt tightening state. The loosening displacement calculation unit is used to obtain the laser attenuation coefficient of the laser power attenuator device based on the screened tower bolt components with loose bolts, and to calculate the bolt loosening displacement according to the current laser power attenuation value and the laser attenuation coefficient. A loosening degree identification unit is used to determine the degree of loosening of the tower bolts based on the bolt loosening displacement.

9. A system for detecting the looseness of tower bolts based on laser power attenuation according to claim 8, characterized in that, Also includes: The loosening displacement compensation unit is used to acquire the current temperature data of the tower bolt components, calculate the temperature compensation amount based on the current temperature data and the preset initial temperature value, and perform laser attenuation amplitude compensation processing on the bolt loosening displacement to obtain the compensated bolt loosening displacement.

10. A system for detecting the looseness of tower bolts based on laser power attenuation according to claim 8, characterized in that, The laser power attenuator device includes a linear attenuator component, an attenuator fastener, a laser fastening component, a laser emitting unit, and a laser receiving unit; The linear attenuator component is fixedly connected to the attenuator fastener, and the attenuator fastener is fixedly connected to the screw. The laser fastening component is used to fix and connect to the screw, and is in close contact with one end of the nut; The laser emitting unit and the laser receiving unit are respectively fixedly installed on both sides of the laser fastening component; The laser signal emitted by the laser emitting unit passes through the linear attenuator component and is received by the laser receiving unit. When the nut loosens, it moves the laser fastening component, changing the transmission position of the laser on the linear attenuator component, so that the laser power received by the laser receiving unit changes as the nut loosens.

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