A method and system for monitoring subsidence law of surface water accumulation area of underground mining of mine

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of testing technology, specifically disclosing a method and system for monitoring the subsidence patterns in surface water accumulation areas of underground mining areas. The method involves connecting a positioning device and a signal transmitting device to form a monitoring unit. The signal transmitting and receiving devices are connected via a wireless transmission system. The positioning devices of each monitoring unit verify the accuracy of their measurements. N monitoring units are fixedly arranged along a straight line at the bottom of the lake in the surface water accumulation area and the ground surface in the non-water accumulation area corresponding to the underground mining area. The initial and current positions of each measuring point are recorded. A surface subsidence curve is constructed and visualized. The system includes monitoring units, a wireless transmission system, a signal receiving device, a data processing device, and a visualization device. This invention achieves visualized monitoring of subsidence patterns by wirelessly connecting the monitoring units and the signal receiving device, fixing the monitoring units at the bottom of the lake and the ground surface corresponding to the underground mining area, and constructing a surface subsidence curve to obtain the location information of each monitoring unit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of testing technology, specifically relating to a method and system for monitoring the subsidence patterns of surface water accumulation areas in underground mining. Background Technology

[0002] Underground mining easily leads to deformation and fracturing of overlying strata, inducing surface deformation and even subsidence. This can cause tilting and damage to surface buildings, and surface fissures that damage farmland and the environment. Subsidence in waterlogged areas, in particular, can cause water backflow into the mine, deformation and damage to tunnels, threatening miners' lives and mine equipment. It can also lead to water pollution (such as sediment upheaval and pollutant diffusion caused by subsidence), vegetation destruction, and affect the stability of surrounding roads, buildings, and water conservancy facilities. Therefore, accurate monitoring of the patterns of surface subsidence induced by underground mining is essential. This helps in early warning of risks and the implementation of protective measures, thereby reducing safety risks and ecological and economic losses. Furthermore, research on the subsidence patterns in waterlogged areas can improve mine subsidence theory and provide a reference for mining under similar geological conditions.

[0003] However, when there is water accumulation in the subsidence area (such as lakes, reservoirs, and abandoned mine pits in the mining area), the subsidence pattern is significantly different from that in areas without water accumulation, making traditional subsidence monitoring methods such as Insar and UAVs no longer applicable.

[0004] In existing technologies, for monitoring shallow water subsidence areas, one method involves total station measurement. This method involves supporting measuring points in the water to expose them above the surface and then repeatedly measuring the three-dimensional coordinates of these points to simultaneously obtain horizontal and vertical displacements, thereby acquiring the subsidence pattern. However, this method not only requires highly skilled operators but also has low measurement efficiency. Furthermore, its applicability is limited when dealing with large bodies of water or deep water areas due to the influence of topography and water accumulation. Another method uses unmanned surface vessels (USVs) equipped with sonar devices to measure underwater topography and obtain information on changes in underwater surface elevation. While this method can be applied to large bodies of water and deep water areas, the measurement results may be inaccurate when there is significant water flow or changes in water levels between wet and dry seasons. Moreover, it is difficult to maintain consistency in the measurement range across different periods, resulting in low measurement accuracy and difficulty in achieving real-time monitoring. In addition, a combined approach using optical satellite remote sensing, DInSAR, and probabilistic integration methods can quickly and accurately determine the area and amount of surface subsidence caused by underground mining, solving the technical problem that current leveling methods alone cannot accurately extract large-area subsidence areas. However, optical satellite remote sensing is easily limited by weather and ground conditions, and the data processing of the combined method is relatively complex. Alternatively, by deploying monitoring stakes underwater and using satellite receivers and inclinometers to acquire the elevation of monitoring points and the tilt angle of connecting rods at different times, real-time monitoring of underwater surface subsidence can be achieved, improving the accuracy and convenience of monitoring. However, this also suffers from the problem that satellite data acquisition and transmission are easily limited by weather and ground conditions, and the data transmission cost is high.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a low-cost, high-precision, high-efficiency, widely applicable, and simple data processing method and system for monitoring the subsidence patterns of surface water accumulation areas in underground mining, so as to comprehensively understand the subsidence patterns of surface water accumulation areas in underground mining and provide scientific support for safe mining and ecological protection. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problems mentioned in the background section, this invention provides a low-cost, high-precision, high-efficiency, widely applicable, and simple data processing method for monitoring the subsidence patterns of surface water accumulation areas in underground mining areas, and also provides a system for monitoring the subsidence patterns of surface water accumulation areas in underground mining areas.

[0007] The method for monitoring the subsidence pattern of surface water accumulation areas in underground mining, according to the present invention, is implemented as follows: The method includes equipment preparation, monitoring unit deployment, initial position recording, current position recording, surface subsidence curve construction, and visualization output steps, the specific steps of which are as follows: A. Equipment preparation: Electrically connect the positioning device and the signal transmitting device to form a monitoring unit. Then, connect the signal transmitting device of each monitoring unit to the signal receiving device through underwater acoustic communication. Subsequently, verify the accuracy of the positioning device of each monitoring unit. B. Monitoring Unit Deployment: In the surface water accumulation area corresponding to the underground mining area, according to the design along the main cross-section of the working face... x N of the aforementioned monitoring units are arranged at fixed directional intervals to form N measuring points; C. Initial Position Recording: Record the initial position of each measuring point as (x1, y1, z1), (x2, y2, z2)...(x... N y N , z N ); D. Current Location Record: As mineral extraction progresses, the position of each measuring point at the Pth time is monitored and recorded as (x...). P 1, y P 1, z P 1) (x) P 2, y P 2, z P 2) ... (x) P N y P N , z P N ); E. Construction of surface subsidence curve: The surface subsidence curve is constructed as follows: , In the formula: W ( x ) represents the surface subsidence at any point in the x direction, where x is the coordinate on the main cross-section of the working face; W max This represents the maximum surface subsidence. r 1 represents the main influence radius on one side of the surface measuring point A at the boundary of the mining area; r 2 represents the main influence radius on one side of surface measuring point B at the boundary of the mining area; s 1 represents the offset distance of the inflection point on one side of the surface measuring point A corresponding to the boundary of the mining area; s 2 represents the offset distance of the inflection point on one side of the surface measuring point B corresponding to the boundary of the mining area; S The distance between surface measuring points A and B corresponding to the boundary of the mining area; F. Visualization Output: Visualize the surface subsidence curves constructed above.

[0008] Furthermore, in step A, the signal transmitting device is fixedly connected to the positioning device, and the bottom of the positioning device is also fixedly provided with a support device that can fix the positioning device to the bottom of the lake and the ground in the surface water accumulation area.

[0009] Furthermore, in step B, N measuring points are fixedly arranged at intervals along the main cross-section position of the working face or dip of the underground mining area, wherein measuring points A and B are arranged on the surface at the boundary of the underground mining area along the strike.

[0010] Furthermore, step A includes a data processing device connected to the signal receiving device; in step C, the data processing device receives and records the initial position information sent by the positioning device of each measuring point through the signal receiving device; in step D, the data processing device receives and records the Pth position information sent by the positioning device of each measuring point through the signal receiving device.

[0011] Furthermore, in step E, the first... J The subsidence of each positioning device is W J =z P J -z J , J ∈(1,2...N); No. J The and the first J The tilt value between -1 positioning devices is i J~J-1 =(z P J -z J-1 ) / (z P J -z J-1 ); No. J The and the first J The curvature value of the two positioning devices is i J~J-2 =( i J~J-1 - i J~J-2 ) / (0.5×(x P J -x P J-2 )); No. J The horizontal movement of the positioning device is U. J =y P J -y J ; The horizontal movement deformation of the Jth positioning device is as follows: εJ =(y P J -y J ) / (x P J -y J-1 ); The maximum surface subsidence is W max =MAX(W1, W2, ... W N ); The maximum horizontal movement of the Earth's surface is U max =MAX(U1, U2, ..., U N ); The maximum surface subsidence coefficient is q=W max / m, where m is the mining thickness of the ore body; The horizontal movement coefficient of the earth's surface is b=U max / W max ; The subsidence on one side of point A reaches a stable level of 0.5W. max If the measuring point E is the inflection point, then the inflection point offset distance on one side of point A is... s 1=x A -x E ; The subsidence on one side of point B reached stability with a depth of 0.5W. max If the measuring point F is the inflection point, then the inflection point offset distance on one side of point B is... s 2=x B -x F ; The point on one side of point A where the ground level shows a settlement of 10 mm when the ground level stabilizes is the settlement boundary point C. Therefore, the leading influence distance on one side of point A is L1 = x. A -x c L1 is the forward influence distance on one side of point A; The point on one side of point B where the ground level shows a settlement of 10 mm when the ground is stable is the settlement boundary point D. Therefore, the leading influence distance on one side of point A is L2 = x. D -x B L2 is the leading influence distance on side B; The main influence radius on one side of point A is r1=x E -x c ; The main influence radius on one side of point B is r² = x. D -x F .

[0012] Furthermore, in step E, the data processing device calculates the surface subsidence curve based on the initial and current positions of each recorded measuring point, according to the constructed formula, and fits the calculation results to obtain the surface subsidence curve.

[0013] Furthermore, in step F, the data processing device outputs the fitted surface subsidence curve through a visualization device.

[0014] The system for monitoring the subsidence patterns of surface water accumulation areas in underground mining areas according to the present invention is implemented as follows: it includes a monitoring unit, a wireless transmission system, a signal receiving device, a data processing device, and a visualization device; The monitoring unit includes a positioning device and a signal transmitting device. The signal transmitting device and the positioning device are electrically connected to form the monitoring unit. The positioning device is used to obtain the coordinates of its location. The positioning device is connected to the signal receiving device via an underwater acoustic communication system through the signal transmitting device. The underwater acoustic communication system is used to wirelessly connect the signal transmitting device of the monitoring unit and the signal receiving device of the monitoring end. The data processing device is connected to the signal receiving device and the visualization device respectively, and is used to receive and process the coordinates of the monitoring unit and send the processing results to the visualization device. The visualization device is used to receive the results processed by the data processing device and output the processing results in a visual format.

[0015] Furthermore, the positioning device of the monitoring unit is verified for measurement accuracy before deployment. After verification, each monitoring unit is fixedly arranged with N measuring points at intervals in the surface water accumulation area corresponding to the underground mining area, according to the design along the main cross-section position of the working face or dip of the underground mining area.

[0016] Furthermore, the data processing device records the initial position of each measuring point (x1, y1, z1), (x2, y2, z2)...(x...). N y N , z N ), and the position of the Pth time (x) P 1, y P 1, z P 1) (x) P 2, y P 2, z P 2) ... (x) P N y P N , z P N Then calculate the surface subsidence curve: , In the formula: W(x) is the surface subsidence at any point in the x direction, and x is the coordinate on the main cross-section of the working face; W max This represents the maximum surface subsidence. r1 represents the main influence radius on one side of the surface measuring point A at the boundary of the mining area; r 2 represents the main influence radius on one side of surface measuring point B at the boundary of the mining area; s 1 represents the offset distance of the inflection point on one side of the surface measuring point A corresponding to the boundary of the mining area; s 2 represents the offset distance of the inflection point on one side of the surface measuring point B corresponding to the boundary of the mining area; S The distance between surface measuring points A and B corresponding to the boundary of the mining area; Among them: the J The subsidence of each positioning device is W J =z P J -z J , J ∈(1,2...N); The maximum surface subsidence is W max =MAX(W1, W2, ... W N ); The subsidence on one side of point A reaches a stable level of 0.5W. max If the measuring point E is the inflection point, then the inflection point offset distance on one side of point A is... s 1=x A -x E ; The subsidence on one side of point B reached stability with a depth of 0.5W. max If the measuring point F is the inflection point, then the inflection point offset distance on one side of point B is... s 2=x B -x F ; The main influence radius on one side of point A is r1=x E -x c ; The main influence radius on one side of point B is r² = x. D -x F .

[0017] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention establishes a monitoring unit formed by the signal connection between a high-precision wireless spatial positioning device and a signal transmitting device. This allows the monitoring unit to be deployed simultaneously on the lakebed in areas with surface water accumulation and on the ground in areas without water accumulation, achieving integrated monitoring of water-filled and waterless areas. This completely solves the problem that traditional methods (InSAR, UAVs, optical remote sensing, etc.) cannot effectively monitor underwater surface deformation due to water obstruction or interference. Moreover, the signal transmitting device of the monitoring unit is connected to the signal receiving device through a wireless transmission system, thus eliminating the need to rely on satellite signals. This avoids the drawbacks of satellite data acquisition and transmission being limited by weather (such as rain, fog) and ground conditions (such as complex terrain obstruction). It can work stably in various weather and terrain environments, thus having good adaptability.

[0018] 2. This invention uses a high-precision wireless spatial positioning device as the positioning device, and verifies the accuracy of the measurement before deployment, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the initial and current position records. Moreover, the monitoring unit formed by the high-precision wireless spatial positioning device and the signal transmitting device is not affected by water flow or changes in the wet and dry seasons. Furthermore, by constructing a surface subsidence curve and combining it with multiple parameters such as subsidence amount, main influence radius, and inflection point offset distance for analysis, it can comprehensively and accurately reflect the surface subsidence pattern. Compared with methods that rely on only a single parameter or simple measurement, the results are more reliable.

[0019] 3. The monitoring process of this invention transmits data in real time through a wireless transmission system. The data processing device can automatically calculate and fit the surface subsidence curve according to the set formula based on the recorded initial and current three-dimensional coordinate information. This eliminates the need for complex image or sonar data fusion, as well as manual on-site data processing, transmission, formula derivation, and data calculation, thus simplifying data processing and greatly improving monitoring efficiency. It also reduces the professional skill requirements for operators. Moreover, the processing results can be output intuitively, making it easy for staff to quickly understand and grasp the surface subsidence pattern. Furthermore, each monitoring unit is arranged along the main cross-section of the working face in the mining area, forming a systematic network of measuring points. This not only allows for simultaneous monitoring of multiple measuring points, avoiding the inefficiency of traditional methods such as total station measurement, but also supports high-frequency location recording, thereby achieving dynamic tracking and curve fitting of the subsidence process.

[0020] 4. The system composition of the present invention is relatively simple, and it does not require expensive sonar equipment, so the hardware cost is low; moreover, it does not require a complex satellite data processing process, nor does it have the high cost of satellite data transmission, which makes the data processing and transmission costs low and suitable for large-scale promotion and application.

[0021] 5. The monitoring results of this invention can comprehensively reveal the subsidence patterns of surface water accumulation areas in underground mining, thereby providing early warnings of safety risks such as backflow of water into the mine and deformation and damage of roadways. This helps to take timely protective measures to ensure the safety of miners' lives and the safety of mining production equipment. Moreover, the precise study of subsidence patterns can provide a basis for the stability assessment of surrounding roads, buildings, and water conservancy facilities, and can also predict the risk of ecological problems such as water pollution and vegetation destruction. Ultimately, it can provide scientific support for safe mining and ecological protection.

[0022] In summary, this invention provides a universal tool for studying the subsidence patterns in mine waterlogged areas by constructing a monitoring system that integrates "monitoring units for monitoring both waterlogged and dry areas + wireless transmission network + surface subsidence model," with engineering feasibility, data reliability, and systematic analysis as its core breakthroughs. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the measuring point arrangement of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Plan view of the layout of measuring points; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the system composition principle of the present invention for monitoring the subsidence pattern of surface water accumulation areas in underground mining areas; In the diagram: 1-Monitoring unit, 2-Positioning device, 3-Signal transmitting device, 4-Supporting device, 5-Wireless transmission system, 6-Signal receiving device, 7-Data processing device, 8-Visualization device, 11-Mined area, 12-Mined seam, 13-Water surface, 14-Lake bottom, 15-Ground surface, 16-Surface catchment area. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments, but this is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any changes or improvements made based on the teachings of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0025] The method for monitoring the subsidence pattern of surface water accumulation areas in underground mining, as described in this invention, includes the following steps: equipment preparation, monitoring unit deployment, initial position recording, current position recording, surface subsidence curve construction, and visualization output. The specific steps are as follows: A. Equipment preparation: Electrically connect the positioning device and the signal transmitting device to form a monitoring unit. Then, connect the signal transmitting device of each monitoring unit to the signal receiving device through underwater acoustic communication. Subsequently, verify the accuracy of the positioning device of each monitoring unit. B. Monitoring Unit Deployment: In the surface water accumulation area corresponding to the underground mining area, according to the design along the main cross-section of the working face... xN of the aforementioned monitoring units are arranged at fixed directional intervals to form N measuring points; C. Initial Position Recording: Record the initial position of each measuring point as (x1, y1, z1), (x2, y2, z2)...(x... N y N , z N ); D. Current Location Record: As mineral extraction progresses, the position of each measuring point at the Pth time is monitored and recorded as (x...). P 1, y P 1, z P 1) (x) P 2, y P 2, z P 2) ... (x) P N y P N , z P N ); E. Construction of surface subsidence curve: The surface subsidence curve is constructed as follows: , In the formula: W ( x ) represents the surface subsidence at any point in the x direction, where x is the coordinate on the main cross-section of the working face; W max This represents the maximum surface subsidence. r 1 represents the main influence radius on one side of the surface measuring point A at the boundary of the mining area; r 2 represents the main influence radius on one side of surface measuring point B at the boundary of the mining area; s 1 represents the offset distance of the inflection point on one side of the surface measuring point A corresponding to the boundary of the mining area; s 2 represents the offset distance of the inflection point on one side of the surface measuring point B corresponding to the boundary of the mining area; S The distance between surface measuring points A and B corresponding to the boundary of the mining area; F. Visualization Output: Visualize the surface subsidence curves constructed above.

[0026] In step A, the signal transmitting device is fixedly connected to the positioning device, and the bottom of the positioning device is also fixedly equipped with a support device that can fix the positioning device to the bottom of the lake and the ground in the surface water accumulation area.

[0027] In step A, the monitoring unit is fixed below the water surface in the surface water accumulation area, and the signal transmitting device of the monitoring unit is connected to the signal receiving device set on the water surface through underwater acoustic communication; for some monitoring units set above the water surface in the surface water accumulation area, the signal transmitting device of the monitoring unit is connected to the signal receiving device set on the water surface through wireless communication.

[0028] In step B, N measuring points are fixedly arranged at intervals along the main cross-section of the working face or dip of the underground mining area. Among them, measuring points A and B are arranged on the surface at the boundary of the underground mining area along the strike. In step A, a data processing device connected to the signal receiving device is also included; in step C, the data processing device receives and records the initial position information sent by the positioning device of each measuring point through the signal receiving device; in step D, the data processing device receives and records the Pth position information sent by the positioning device of each measuring point through the signal receiving device.

[0029] In step E, the first J The subsidence of each positioning device is W J =z P J -z J , J ∈(1,2...N); No. J The and the first J The tilt value between -1 positioning devices is i J~J-1 =(z P J -z J-1 ) / (z P J -z J-1 ); No. J The and the first J The curvature value of the two positioning devices is i J~J-2 =( i J~J-1 - i J~J-2 ) / (0.5×(x P J -x P J-2 )); No. J The horizontal movement of the positioning device is U. J =y P J -y J ; The horizontal movement deformation of the Jth positioning device is as follows: ε J =(y P J -y J ) / (x P J -y J-1 ); The maximum surface subsidence is W max =MAX(W1, W2, ... W N ); The maximum horizontal movement of the Earth's surface is U max =MAX(U1, U2, ..., U N ); The maximum surface subsidence coefficient is q=W max / m, where m is the mining thickness of the ore body; The horizontal movement coefficient of the earth's surface is b=U max / W max ; The subsidence on one side of point A reaches a stable level of 0.5W. max If the measuring point E is the inflection point, then the inflection point offset distance on one side of point A is... s 1=x A -x E ; The subsidence on one side of point B reached stability with a depth of 0.5W. max If the measuring point F is the inflection point, then the inflection point offset distance on one side of point B is... s 2=x B -x F ; When the land level on one side of point A reaches stability (when the surface subsidence does not change, or the average monthly subsidence rate of the maximum surface subsidence point is less than 30 mm / month for 6 consecutive months, the land level is considered to have reached stability), the measuring point with a subsidence of 10 mm is the subsidence boundary point C. Then, the leading influence distance on one side of point A is L1 = x. A -x c L1 is the forward influence distance on one side of point A; The point on one side of point B where the ground level shows a settlement of 10 mm when the ground is stable is the settlement boundary point D. Therefore, the leading influence distance on one side of point A is L2 = x. D -x B L2 is the leading influence distance on side B; The main influence radius on one side of point A is r1=x E -x c ; The main influence radius on one side of point B is r² = x. D -x F。

[0030] The system for monitoring the subsidence patterns of surface water accumulation areas in underground mining areas according to the present invention includes a monitoring unit, a wireless transmission system, a signal receiving device, a data processing device, and a visualization device. The monitoring unit includes a positioning device and a signal transmitting device. The signal transmitting device and the positioning device are electrically connected to form the monitoring unit. The positioning device is used to obtain the coordinates of its location. The positioning device is connected to the signal receiving device via an underwater acoustic communication system through the signal transmitting device. The underwater acoustic communication system is used to wirelessly connect the signal transmitting device of the monitoring unit and the signal receiving device of the monitoring end. The data processing device is connected to the signal receiving device and the visualization device respectively, and is used to receive and process the coordinates of the monitoring unit and send the processing results to the visualization device. The visualization device is used to receive the results processed by the data processing device and output the processing results in a visual format.

[0031] The monitoring unit has good water tightness and is equipped with a high-power, long-lasting battery.

[0032] The data processing device is a PC, industrial control computer, or server.

[0033] The signal transmitting device and signal receiving device can be any existing feasible underwater acoustic signal transmitting and receiving device.

[0034] The visualization device is a monitor, projector, or printer.

[0035] Before deployment, the positioning device of the monitoring unit is verified for measurement accuracy. After verification, each monitoring unit has N fixed measurement points at intervals in the surface water accumulation area corresponding to the underground mining area, according to the design along the main cross-section position of the working face or dip of the underground mining area.

[0036] The data processing device records the initial position of each measuring point (x1, y1, z1), (x2, y2, z2), ..., (x...). N y N , z N ), and the position of the Pth time (x) P 1, y P 1, z P 1) (x) P 2, y P 2, z P 2) ... (x) P N y P N , z P N Then calculate the surface subsidence curve: , In the formula: W(x) is the surface subsidence at any point in the x direction, and x is the coordinate on the main cross-section of the working face; Wmax This represents the maximum surface subsidence. r 1 represents the main influence radius on one side of the surface measuring point A at the boundary of the mining area; r 2 represents the main influence radius on one side of surface measuring point B at the boundary of the mining area; s 1 represents the offset distance of the inflection point on one side of the surface measuring point A corresponding to the boundary of the mining area; s 2 represents the offset distance of the inflection point on one side of the surface measuring point B corresponding to the boundary of the mining area; S The distance between surface measuring points A and B corresponding to the boundary of the mining area; Among them: the J The subsidence of each positioning device is W J =z P J -z J , J ∈(1,2...N); The maximum surface subsidence is W max =MAX(W1, W2, ... W N ); The subsidence on one side of point A reaches a stable level of 0.5W. max If the measuring point E is the inflection point, then the inflection point offset distance on one side of point A is... s 1=x A -x E ; The subsidence on one side of point B reached stability with a depth of 0.5W. max If the measuring point F is the inflection point, then the inflection point offset distance on one side of point B is... s 2=x B -x F ; The main influence radius on one side of point A is r1=x E -x c ; The main influence radius on one side of point B is r² = x. D -x F。

[0037] Example

[0038] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figure 3, the monitoring process for the subsidence pattern of the surface water accumulation area caused by underground mining in a copper mine in Yunnan Province is as follows: S100: The signal transmitting device 3 is fixedly installed on the positioning device 2 (such as a high-precision wireless spatial positioning device) and connected to form a monitoring unit 1. At the same time, a support rod or bracket (i.e., support device 4) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the positioning device 2. Then, the signal transmitting device 3 of each monitoring unit 1 is connected to the signal receiving device 6 of the monitoring end through the underwater acoustic communication system 5. Subsequently, the accuracy of the measurement of the positioning device 2 of each monitoring unit 1 is verified. The signal receiving device 6 is connected to the data processing device 7, and the visualization device 8 is connected to the data processing device 7.

[0039] S200: In the surface water accumulation area corresponding to the underground mining area, according to the design location of the main cross-section along the working face direction or dip of the underground mining area, N of the aforementioned monitoring units 1 are inserted underwater in the surface water accumulation area using support devices 4, forming corresponding N measuring points; such as Figure 1 and 2 As shown, measuring points A and B are set on the surface at the boundary of the underground mining area along the strike.

[0040] S300: The data processing device 7 receives the positioning device 2 information of each monitoring unit 1 through the signal receiving device 6, and thus records the initial position of each measuring point as (x1, y1, z1), (x2, y2, z2)...(x... N y N , z N ).

[0041] S400: As the mineral is mined, the data processing device 7, following step S300, monitors and records the position of each measuring point at the Pth measurement (x... P 1, y P 1, z P 1) (x) P 2, y P 2, z P 2) ... (x) P N y P N , z P N ).

[0042] S500: The equation for constructing the surface subsidence curve is: , In the formula: W ( x ) represents the surface subsidence at any point in the x direction, where x is the coordinate on the main cross-section of the working face; W max This represents the maximum surface subsidence. r1 represents the main influence radius on one side of the surface measuring point A at the boundary of the mining area; r 2 represents the main influence radius on one side of surface measuring point B at the boundary of the mining area; s 1 represents the offset distance of the inflection point on one side of the surface measuring point A corresponding to the boundary of the mining area; s 2 represents the offset distance of the inflection point on one side of the surface measuring point B corresponding to the boundary of the mining area; S This represents the distance between surface measuring points A and B corresponding to the boundary of the mining area.

[0043] Among them: the J The subsidence of each positioning device is W J =z P J -z J , J ∈(1,2...N); No. J The and the first J The tilt value between -1 positioning devices is i J~J-1 =(z P J -z J-1 ) / (z P J -z J-1 ); No. J The and the first J The curvature value of the two positioning devices is i J~J-2 =( i J~J-1 - i J~J-2 ) / (0.5×(x P J -x P J-2 )); No. J The horizontal movement of the positioning device is U. J =y P J -y J ; The horizontal movement deformation of the Jth positioning device is as follows: ε J =(y P J -y J ) / (x P J -y J-1 ); The maximum surface subsidence is W max =MAX(W1, W2, ... WN ); The maximum horizontal movement of the Earth's surface is U max =MAX(U1, U2, ..., U N ); The maximum surface subsidence coefficient is q=W max / m, where m is the mining thickness of the ore body; The horizontal movement coefficient of the earth's surface is b=U max / W max ; The subsidence on one side of point A reaches a stable level of 0.5W. max If the measuring point E is the inflection point, then the inflection point offset distance on one side of point A is... s 1=x A -x E ; The subsidence on one side of point B reached stability with a depth of 0.5W. max If the measuring point F is the inflection point, then the inflection point offset distance on one side of point B is... s 2=x B -x F ; When the ground level reaches stability on one side of point A (when the surface subsidence does not change, or the average monthly subsidence rate of the maximum surface subsidence point is less than 30 mm / month for 6 consecutive months), the measuring point with a subsidence of 10 mm is the subsidence boundary point C. Then, the leading influence distance on one side of point A is L1 = x. A -x c L1 is the forward influence distance on one side of point A; The point on one side of point B where the ground level shows a settlement of 10 mm when the ground is stable is the settlement boundary point D. Therefore, the leading influence distance on one side of point A is L2 = x. D -x B L2 is the leading influence distance on side B; The main influence radius on one side of point A is r1=x E -x c ; The main influence radius on one side of point B is r² = x. D -x F .

[0044] S600: The data processing device 7 displays the aforementioned surface subsidence curve through the visualization device 8.

[0045] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring the subsidence pattern of surface water accumulation areas in underground mining areas, characterized in that: The process includes equipment preparation, monitoring unit deployment, initial location recording, current location recording, surface subsidence curve construction, and visualization output. The specific steps are as follows: A. Equipment preparation: Electrically connect the positioning device and the signal transmitting device to form a monitoring unit. Then, connect the signal transmitting device of each monitoring unit to the signal receiving device through underwater acoustic communication. Subsequently, verify the accuracy of the positioning device of each monitoring unit. B. Monitoring Unit Deployment: In the surface water accumulation area corresponding to the underground mining area, according to the design along the main cross-section of the working face... x N of the aforementioned monitoring units are arranged at fixed directional intervals to form N measuring points; C. Initial Position Recording: Record the initial position of each measuring point as (x1, y1, z1), (x2, y2, z2)...(x... N y N , z N ); D. Current Location Record: As mineral extraction progresses, the position of each measuring point at the Pth time is monitored and recorded as (x...). P 1, y P 1, z P 1) (x) P 2, y P 2, z P 2) ... (x) P N y P N , z P N ); E. Construction of surface subsidence curve: The surface subsidence curve is constructed as follows: ， In the formula: W ( x ) represents the surface subsidence at any point in the x direction, where x is the coordinate on the main cross-section of the working face; W max This represents the maximum surface subsidence. r 1 represents the main influence radius on one side of the surface measuring point A at the boundary of the mining area; r 2 represents the main influence radius on one side of surface measuring point B at the boundary of the mining area; s 1 represents the offset distance of the inflection point on one side of the surface measuring point A corresponding to the boundary of the mining area; s 2 represents the offset distance of the inflection point on one side of the surface measuring point B corresponding to the boundary of the mining area; S The distance between surface measuring points A and B corresponding to the boundary of the mining area; F. Visualization Output: Visualize the surface subsidence curves constructed above.

2. The method for monitoring the subsidence pattern of surface water accumulation areas in underground mining areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step A, the signal transmitting device is fixedly connected to the positioning device, and the bottom of the positioning device is also fixedly equipped with a support device that can fix the positioning device to the bottom of the lake and the ground in the surface water accumulation area.

3. The method for monitoring the subsidence pattern of surface water accumulation areas in underground mining areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step B, N measuring points are fixedly arranged at intervals along the main cross-section position of the working face or dip of the underground mining area, among which measuring points A and B are arranged on the surface at the boundary of the underground mining area along the strike.

4. The method for monitoring the subsidence pattern of surface water accumulation areas in underground mining areas according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that: In step A, a data processing device connected to the signal receiving device is also included; in step C, the data processing device receives and records the initial position information sent by the positioning device of each measuring point through the signal receiving device; in step D, the data processing device receives and records the Pth position information sent by the positioning device of each measuring point through the signal receiving device.

5. The method for monitoring the subsidence pattern of surface water accumulation areas in underground mining areas according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step E, the first J The subsidence of each positioning device is W J =z P J -z J , J ∈(1,2...N); No. J The and the first J The tilt value between -1 positioning devices is i J~J-1 =(z P J -z J-1 ) / (z P J -z J-1 ); No. J The and the first J The curvature value of the two positioning devices is i J~J-2 =( i J~J-1 - i J~J-2 ) / (0.5×(x P J -x P J-2 )); No. J The horizontal movement of the positioning device is U. J =y P J -y J ; The horizontal movement deformation of the Jth positioning device is as follows: ε J =(y P J -y J ) / (x P J -y J-1 ); The maximum surface subsidence is W max =MAX(W1, W2, ... W N ); The maximum horizontal movement of the Earth's surface is U max =MAX(U1, U2, ..., U N ); The maximum surface subsidence coefficient is q=W max / m, where m is the mining thickness of the ore body; The horizontal movement coefficient of the earth's surface is b=U max / W max ; The subsidence on one side of point A reaches a stable level of 0.5W. max If the measuring point E is the inflection point, then the inflection point offset distance on one side of point A is... s 1=x A -x E ; The subsidence on one side of point B reached stability with a depth of 0.5W. max If the measuring point F is the inflection point, then the inflection point offset distance on one side of point B is... s 2=x B -x F ; The point on one side of point A where the ground level shows a settlement of 10 mm when the ground level stabilizes is the settlement boundary point C. Therefore, the leading influence distance on one side of point A is L1 = x. A -x c L1 is the forward influence distance on one side of point A; The point on one side of point B where the ground level shows a settlement of 10 mm when the ground is stable is the settlement boundary point D. Therefore, the leading influence distance on one side of point A is L2 = x. D -x B L2 is the leading influence distance on side B; The main influence radius on one side of point A is r1=x E -x c ; The main influence radius on one side of point B is r² = x. D -x F .

6. The method for monitoring the subsidence pattern of surface water accumulation areas in underground mining areas according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step E, the data processing device calculates the surface subsidence curve based on the initial and current positions of each recorded measuring point and the constructed formula, and then fits the calculation results to obtain the surface subsidence curve.

7. The method for monitoring the subsidence pattern of surface water accumulation areas in underground mining areas according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step F, the data processing device outputs the fitted surface subsidence curve through a visualization device.

8. A system for monitoring the subsidence patterns of surface water accumulation areas in underground mining areas, characterized in that: It includes a monitoring unit, a wireless transmission system, a signal receiving device, a data processing device, and a visualization device; The monitoring unit includes a positioning device and a signal transmitting device. The signal transmitting device and the positioning device are electrically connected to form the monitoring unit. The positioning device is used to obtain the coordinates of its location. The positioning device is connected to the signal receiving device via an underwater acoustic communication system through the signal transmitting device. The underwater acoustic communication system is used to wirelessly connect the signal transmitting device of the monitoring unit and the signal receiving device of the monitoring end. The data processing device is connected to the signal receiving device and the visualization device respectively, and is used to receive and process the coordinates of the monitoring unit and send the processing results to the visualization device. The visualization device is used to receive the results processed by the data processing device and output the processing results in a visual format.

9. The system for monitoring the subsidence pattern of surface water accumulation areas in underground mining areas according to claim 8, characterized in that: Before deployment, the positioning device of the monitoring unit is verified for measurement accuracy. After verification, each monitoring unit has N fixed measurement points at intervals in the surface water accumulation area corresponding to the underground mining area, according to the design along the main cross-section position of the working face or dip of the underground mining area.

10. The system for monitoring the subsidence pattern of surface water accumulation areas in underground mining areas according to claim 8, characterized in that: The data processing device records the initial position of each measuring point (x1, y1, z1), (x2, y2, z2), ..., (x...). N y N , z N ), and the position of the Pth time (x) P 1, y P 1, z P 1) (x) P 2, y P 2, z P 2) ... (x) P N y P N , z P N Then calculate the surface subsidence curve: ， In the formula: W(x) is the surface subsidence at any point in the x direction, and x is the coordinate on the main cross-section of the working face; W max This represents the maximum surface subsidence. r 1 represents the main influence radius on one side of the surface measuring point A at the boundary of the mining area; r 2 represents the main influence radius on one side of surface measuring point B at the boundary of the mining area; s 1 represents the offset distance of the inflection point on one side of the surface measuring point A corresponding to the boundary of the mining area; s 2 represents the offset distance of the inflection point on one side of the surface measuring point B corresponding to the boundary of the mining area; S The distance between surface measuring points A and B corresponding to the boundary of the mining area; Among them: the J The subsidence of each positioning device is W J =z P J -z J , J ∈(1,2...N); The maximum surface subsidence is W max =MAX(W1, W2, ... W N ); The subsidence on one side of point A reaches a stable level of 0.5W. max If the measuring point E is the inflection point, then the inflection point offset distance on one side of point A is... s 1=x A -x E ; The subsidence on one side of point B reached stability with a depth of 0.5W. max If the measuring point F is the inflection point, then the inflection point offset distance on one side of point B is... s 2=x B -x F ; The main influence radius on one side of point A is r1=x E -x c ; The main influence radius on one side of point B is r² = x. D -x F .

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