A forest litter monitoring sampling device

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of sampling technology and discloses a sampling device for monitoring forest litter layer. It includes a sampling cylinder with a sampling port at the bottom and a rod at the top. The sampling cylinder has two opposing first inner walls and two opposing second inner walls. Cutting blades are slidably mounted on the two first inner walls. The sampling cylinder also has a traction mechanism that pulls the two cutting blades together. An mounting groove for mounting the cutting blades is formed on the first inner wall, and a guide groove communicating with the bottom of the mounting groove is formed on the second inner wall. The cutting blade includes a mounting block that slidably engages with the mounting groove, a cutting head for cutting the sample layer, and a flexible connecting piece connecting the mounting block and the cutting head. Guide rounded corners that slidably contact the flexible connecting piece are formed at both ends of the guide groove. Guide blocks that slidably engage with the guide groove are also provided at both ends of the cutting head. This invention addresses the technical problem that existing sampling devices easily damage the original stratification of the sample during sampling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of sampling technology, specifically relating to a forest litter layer monitoring and sampling device. Background Technology

[0002] The litter layer refers to the organic matter layer formed on the surface of mineral soil under forest vegetation, also known as the dead vegetation layer. It includes undecomposed fallen leaves and layers of decomposed organic matter. Based on its degree of decomposition, the forest litter layer can be divided into three sub-layers: the first is the undecomposed litter layer, composed of newly fallen leaves, twigs, fruits, bark, etc., where the original shape of the cover layer is still discernible; the second is the semi-decomposed litter layer, where the cover layer has partially decomposed, but their structure is still distinguishable; the third is the coarsely humified litter layer, completely decomposed into a muddy state and indistinguishable. As the main source of forest soil organic matter, it is of great significance for restoring forest soil fertility, improving tree nutrition, and increasing forest productivity. Therefore, research on the litter layer is of great importance for forest protection and forest ecology research, and sampling of the litter layer is necessary during the research process.

[0003] Currently, sampling devices for forest litter layers generally suffer from damage to the original stratification of the sample during the sampling process. Specifically, existing sampling devices mainly employ the following operating methods: First, the sampling tube is inserted into the litter layer by hammering or rotating. The vibration and torsional torque generated in this process disrupt the original stratification structure of the loose litter layer. After the sampling tube is inserted, to prevent the sample from slipping during extraction, existing devices usually require additional support or fixing mechanisms to compress and fix the sample from the inside or outside. This compression operation directly damages the stratification structure of the sample, causing relative displacement and compression between layers; ultimately, it affects the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the research results.

[0004] In view of this, the inventor conducted in-depth research on the aforementioned deficiencies in the prior art, which led to the creation of this case. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a sampling device for monitoring forest litter layer, so as to solve the technical problem that existing sampling devices are prone to damaging the original stratification of samples during the sampling process.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A sampling device for monitoring forest litter layer includes a sampling tube with a sampling port at the bottom and a tube rod at the top. The sampling tube has a square structure and has two opposing first inner walls and two opposing second inner walls. Cutting blades are slidably mounted on the two first inner walls. The sampling tube also has a traction mechanism that pulls the two cutting blades together to close the bottom of the sampling tube. An installation groove for mounting the cutting blades is formed on the first inner wall, and a guide groove communicating with the bottom of the installation groove is formed on the second inner wall. The guide groove extends horizontally. The cutting blade includes an installation block that slides with the installation groove, a cutting head for cutting the sample layer, and a flexible connecting piece connecting the installation block and the cutting head. Guide rounded corners that slide in contact with the flexible connecting piece are formed at both ends of the guide groove. Guide blocks that slide with the guide groove are also provided at both ends of the cutting head.

[0008] Furthermore, a first return spring is fixedly connected between the mounting block and the inner top wall of the mounting groove. One end of the first return spring is fixedly connected to the top of the mounting block, and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the mounting groove. By setting the first return spring, after sampling is completed, the cutting disc can automatically return to its initial position under the elastic force of the first return spring, eliminating the need for manual reset and improving the ease of operation of the device.

[0009] Furthermore, the traction mechanism includes a traction sleeve slidably mounted on the cylinder and two traction ropes respectively connected to the bottom sides of the traction sleeve; the traction rope includes a main rope and two connecting branch ropes fixedly connected to the bottom of the main rope, with the other ends of the two connecting branch ropes respectively connected to guide blocks located on the cutting heads on both sides; a through hole is formed on the second inner wall for the traction rope to pass through. By setting the traction mechanism to a structure of traction sleeve and traction rope, the operator only needs to pull the traction sleeve upwards to synchronously pull the cutting blades on both sides towards the middle, which is simple to operate and has good synchronization.

[0010] Furthermore, a limiting groove is formed on the cylinder rod, and a limiting block is formed on the inner wall of the traction sleeve to slide in conjunction with the limiting groove; a pull rod is also provided on the outer wall of the traction sleeve. By setting the cooperation structure of the limiting groove and the limiting block, the traction sleeve can be guided to slide smoothly along the axial direction of the cylinder rod, preventing the traction sleeve from circumferentially deflecting; the pull rod is provided for easy gripping and force application by the operator.

[0011] Furthermore, a baffle is slidably installed at the bottom of the guide groove, and a movable groove for installing the baffle is formed at the bottom of the guide groove. A second return spring is also installed at the bottom of the baffle, with one end connected to the bottom of the baffle and the other end connected to the bottom wall of the movable groove. By setting the baffle, when the cutting blade is not cutting, the baffle pops upward under the action of the second return spring, blocking the opening of the guide groove and preventing debris such as fallen leaves and branches from entering the guide groove and causing blockage during sampling, thus ensuring the smooth movement of the cutting blade.

[0012] Furthermore, guide ramps are formed at both ends of the top of the baffle. The guide ramps allow the guide block on the cutting head to smoothly push the baffle downward when it enters the guide groove, reducing movement resistance.

[0013] Furthermore, a push plate is movably installed inside the sampling cylinder, and a push rod is provided on the top of the push plate; the cylinder rod is a tubular structure, and the push rod is slidably installed inside the cylinder rod. A limit plate is formed on the top of the push rod, and a third return spring is also sleeved on the push rod. One end of the third return spring is fixedly connected to the top of the cylinder rod, and the other end is fixedly connected to the bottom of the limit plate. By setting up the push plate and push rod, after sampling is completed, the operator can push the push plate downward by pressing the push rod to push the sample out of the sampling cylinder, facilitating sample removal; the third return spring enables the push plate to automatically return to its original position.

[0014] Furthermore, the sampling cylinder is also equipped with a depth adjustment component, which includes a limiting frame slidably fitted onto the outer wall of the sampling cylinder and an adjusting screw. The top of the limiting frame has a mounting seat that rotatably engages with the bottom of the adjusting screw. The upper part of the outer wall of the sampling cylinder has a first mounting ear and a second mounting ear. The first mounting ear has a threaded hole that engages with the adjusting screw, and the second mounting ear has a guide hole. The top of the limiting frame also has a guide rod that slidably engages with the guide hole. By setting up the depth adjustment component, the operator can adjust the distance between the limiting frame and the bottom of the sampling cylinder by rotating the adjusting screw according to the estimated thickness of the fallen leaves and branches. When the sampling cylinder is pressed down until the limiting frame touches the ground, it indicates that the sampling cylinder has reached the predetermined depth, thereby achieving precise control of the sampling depth.

[0015] Furthermore, a control lever is also provided on the cylinder rod. The control lever is easy for the operator to grip and apply force, improving operating comfort.

[0016] Furthermore, the flexible connecting piece is rolled copper foil, and the cutting head is high-carbon steel. Rolled copper foil has good flexibility and resistance to bending fatigue, and can withstand repeated bending without breaking; high-carbon steel has high hardness and wear resistance, and can maintain a sharp cutting edge to effectively cut dead branches and fallen leaves.

[0017] With the above structure, the forest litter layer monitoring and sampling device of the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0018] 1. The present invention adopts a square sampling tube structure, with cutting blades slidably installed on two sets of oppositely arranged first inner walls. The two cutting blades are pulled together by a traction mechanism. The cutting blades are bent at 90° under the guidance of the guide groove and cut horizontally from the bottom of the sample, forming a surface contact with the bottom of the sample. The cutting force is evenly distributed and will not cause compression or shearing disturbance to the sample, effectively maintaining the original layered structure of the sample.

[0019] 2. The cutting blade of the present invention adopts a split structure of mounting block, flexible connecting piece and cutting head. The flexible connecting piece has good flexibility and can be bent under the guidance of the guide groove. The cutting head is provided with guide blocks at both ends that slide with the guide groove to ensure that the cutting head maintains the correct movement trajectory during bending. The two cutting heads together form a closed cylinder bottom in the closed state, which completely holds the sample and prevents the sample from slipping during the lifting process. There is no need to set up an additional squeezing and fixing mechanism, thus avoiding secondary damage to the sample layering. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The present invention can be further illustrated by the non-limiting embodiments given in the accompanying drawings;

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional view taken from the front.

[0023] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A side view of the cross-section;

[0024] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the decomposition process;

[0025] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A structural diagram from another angle;

[0026] Figure 6 for Figure 1 Internal structure diagram;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the cutting blade in this invention;

[0028] Figure 8 for Figure 2 A magnified schematic diagram of the partial structure at point A in the middle;

[0029] Figure 9 for Figure 3 Enlarged schematic diagram of the local structure at point B

[0030] Figure 10 for Figure 4 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point C

[0031] Figure 11 for Figure 5 Enlarged structural diagram of point D in the middle

[0032] Figure 12 for Figure 6 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point E in the middle.

[0033] The symbols of the main components are explained as follows: Sampling cylinder 1, cylinder rod 11, limiting slide groove 111, control rod 112, first inner wall 12, mounting groove 121, second inner wall 13, guide groove 131, guide fillet 1311, movable groove 1312, through hole 132, first mounting ear 14, threaded hole 141, second mounting ear 15, guide hole 151, cutting disc 2, mounting block 21, cutting head 22, guide block 221, flexible connecting piece 23, traction mechanism 3, traction sleeve 31, limiting block 311, pull rod 312, traction rope 32, main rope 321, connecting support rope 322, first return spring 4, baffle 5, guide inclined surface 51, second return spring 6, push plate 7, push rod 71, limiting plate 711, third return spring 72, depth adjustment assembly 8, limiting frame 81, mounting seat 811, guide rod 812, adjusting screw 82. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that similar or identical parts are referred to by the same reference numerals in the drawings or description. Implementations not shown or described in the drawings are forms known to those skilled in the art. In addition, directional terms mentioned in the embodiments, such as "up," "down," "top," "bottom," "left," "right," "front," and "back," are only for reference to the directions in the drawings and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] like Figures 1-12 As shown, this invention relates to a forest litter layer sampling device, comprising a sampling cylinder 1 with a sampling port at the bottom, a cylinder rod 11 at the top of the sampling cylinder 1, and a cutting edge at the sampling port at the bottom of the sampling cylinder 1 to facilitate cutting the litter during the pressing process. The sampling cylinder 1 has a square structure with a square cross-section design, which facilitates the installation of a cutting mechanism inside, and the square structure has good stability and is not prone to deflection during the pressing process.

[0036] The sampling cylinder 1 has two opposing first inner walls 12 and two opposing second inner walls 13. Cutting blades 2 are slidably mounted on each of the two first inner walls 12, and the two cutting blades 2 are symmetrically arranged for cutting the bottom of the sample from both sides. Mounting grooves 121 for mounting the cutting blades 2 are formed on the first inner walls 12, extending vertically to guide the sliding of the cutting blades 2 in the vertical direction.

[0037] A guide groove 131 is formed on the second inner wall 13, which communicates with the bottom of the mounting groove 121 and extends horizontally. The guide groove 131 is used to guide the movement trajectory of the cutting blade 2 during the bending process, ensuring that the cutting blade 2 can accurately achieve a 90° turn.

[0038] Specifically, the cutting disc 2 includes a mounting block 21 that slides into the mounting groove 121, a cutting head 22 for cutting the sample layer, and a flexible connecting piece 23 connecting the mounting block 21 and the cutting head 22. The mounting block 21 is slidably installed in the mounting groove 121 and can slide up and down along the groove 121. The flexible connecting piece 23 is made of rolled copper foil, which has good flexibility and can bend under stress. The cutting head 22 is made of high-hardness materials such as high-carbon steel and has a sharp cutting edge for cutting dead branches, fallen leaves, and fine roots.

[0039] Both ends of the guide groove 131 are also formed with guide rounded corners 1311 that slide in contact with the flexible connecting piece 23. The guide rounded corners 1311 reduce the friction between the flexible connecting piece 23 and the guide groove 131, making the bending process smoother. Both ends of the cutting head 22 are also provided with guide blocks 221 that slide in cooperation with the guide groove 131. The guide blocks 221 are slidably installed in the guide groove 131 to guide the cutting head 22 to move in the horizontal direction of the guide groove 131.

[0040] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a first return spring 4 is also fixedly connected between the mounting block 21 and the inner top wall of the mounting groove 121. One end of the first return spring 4 is fixedly connected to the top of the mounting block 21, and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the mounting groove 121. The first return spring 4 is used to automatically return the cutting disc 2 to its initial position after sampling is completed.

[0041] The sampling cylinder 1 is also equipped with a traction mechanism 3 that pulls the two cutting blades 2 together to close the bottom of the sampling cylinder 1. The traction mechanism 3 includes a traction sleeve 31 slidably sleeved on the cylinder rod 11 and two traction ropes 32 respectively connected to the bottom sides of the traction sleeve 31. The traction ropes 32 include a main rope 321 and two connecting branch ropes 322 fixedly connected to the bottom of the main rope 321. The other ends of the two connecting branch ropes 322 are respectively connected to guide blocks 221 located on the cutting heads 22 on both sides. A through hole 132 is formed on the second inner wall 13 for the traction ropes 32 to pass through. After passing through the through hole 132, the traction ropes 32 are connected to the guide blocks 221.

[0042] like Figure 4 As shown, a limiting groove 111 is formed on the cylinder rod 11, and a limiting block 311 is formed on the inner wall of the traction sleeve 31 to slide in conjunction with the limiting groove 111. The engagement between the limiting groove 111 and the limiting block 311 guides the traction sleeve 31 to slide smoothly along the axial direction of the cylinder rod 11. A pull rod 312 is also provided on the outer wall of the traction sleeve 31 for easy gripping and force application by the operator.

[0043] like Figure 8 As shown, a baffle 5 is slidably installed at the bottom of the guide groove 131. A movable groove 1312 for installing the baffle 5 is formed at the bottom of the guide groove 131. A second return spring 6 is also installed at the bottom of the baffle 5. One end of the second return spring 6 is connected to the bottom of the baffle 5, and the other end is connected to the bottom wall of the movable groove 1312. When the cutting blade 2 is not cutting, the baffle 5 pops upward under the action of the second return spring 6, blocking the opening of the guide groove 131 and preventing debris from entering the guide groove 131 and causing blockage. Guide slopes 51 are formed at both ends of the top of the baffle 5. When the guide block 221 on the cutting head 22 enters the guide groove 131, the guide block 221 contacts the guide slope 51, pushing the baffle 5 downward and allowing the guide block 221 to smoothly enter the guide groove 131.

[0044] like Figures 2-4 As shown, a push plate 7 is movably installed inside the sampling cylinder 1, and a push rod 71 is provided on the top of the push plate 7. The cylinder rod 11 has a tubular structure, and the push rod 71 is slidably installed inside the cylinder rod 11. A limiting plate 711 is formed at the top of the push rod 71, and a third return spring 72 is also sleeved on the push rod 71. One end of the third return spring 72 is fixedly connected to the top of the cylinder rod 11, and the other end is fixedly connected to the bottom of the limiting plate 711. After sampling is completed, the operator presses down on the push rod 71, and the push plate 7 moves downward to push the sample out from the bottom of the sampling cylinder 1; after releasing the push rod 71, the third return spring 72 causes the push plate 7 to automatically return to its original position.

[0045] like Figures 1-6As shown, the sampling cylinder 1 is also equipped with a depth adjustment component 8, which includes a limiting frame 81 slidably fitted on the outer wall of the sampling cylinder 1 and an adjusting screw 82. The top of the limiting frame 81 is provided with a mounting seat 811 that rotatably engages with the bottom of the adjusting screw 82. The upper part of the outer wall of the sampling cylinder 1 is provided with a first mounting ear 14 and a second mounting ear 15. The first mounting ear 14 has a threaded hole 141 that threadedly engages with the adjusting screw 82, and the second mounting ear 15 has a guide hole 151. The top of the limiting frame 81 is also provided with a guide rod 812 that slidably engages with the guide hole 151. In use, according to the estimated thickness of the fallen leaves and branches, the adjusting screw 82 is rotated. When the adjusting screw 82 rotates in the threaded hole 141, it drives the limiting frame 81 to move up and down along the outer wall of the sampling cylinder 1. When the sampling cylinder 1 is pressed down until the limiting frame 81 contacts the ground, it indicates that the sampling cylinder 1 has reached the predetermined depth. At this time, the operator stops pressing down and starts the traction mechanism 3 to cut.

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, the cylinder rod 11 is also equipped with a control rod 112, which is convenient for the operator to hold and apply force.

[0047] The usage process of this invention is as follows:

[0048] First, based on the estimated thickness of the fallen leaves and branches at the sampling point, the position of the limiting frame 81 is adjusted by the depth adjustment component 8 so that the distance between the bottom of the limiting frame 81 and the bottom of the sampling tube 1 is equal to the estimated thickness.

[0049] Then, the sampling tube 1 is placed vertically at the sampling point, and the operator holds the control lever 112 and applies downward force to press the sampling tube 1 into the layer of dead leaves and branches. During the pressing process, when the limiting frame 81 touches the ground, the bottom of the sampling tube 1 just reaches the interface between the layer of dead leaves and branches and the mineral soil, at which point the pressing is stopped.

[0050] Next, the operator holds the lever 312 and pulls the traction sleeve 31 upwards. The traction sleeve 31 drives the traction rope 32 upwards, and the traction rope 32 pulls the guide blocks 221 on both sides of the cutting head 22 through the connecting support rope 322. Guided by the guide groove 131, the guide blocks 221 move horizontally towards the center, causing the cutting head 22 to move closer to the center. During this process, the flexible connecting piece 23 gradually bends under the guidance of the guide rounded corner 1311, and the cutting head 22 changes from a vertical state to a horizontal state, cutting horizontally into the sample from the bottom. When the cutting heads 22 on both sides are completely closed, the two cutting heads 22 together form a closed cylinder bottom, completely enclosing the sample.

[0051] Finally, the operator pulls the sampling cylinder 1 upwards to remove the sample as a whole. After removal, the traction sleeve 31 is released, and the cutting blade 2 automatically resets under the action of the first reset spring 4; the push rod 71 is pressed down, and the push plate 7 pushes the sample out of the sampling cylinder 1, completing the sampling.

[0052] The above provides a detailed description of a forest litter layer monitoring and sampling device provided by the present invention. The specific embodiments are described only to aid in understanding the method and core ideas of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from its principles, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A forest litter layer monitoring and sampling device, comprising a sampling tube (1) with a sampling port at the bottom, and a tube rod (11) at the top of the sampling tube (1), characterized in that: The sampling tube (1) has a square structure and has two opposing first inner walls (12) and two opposing second inner walls (13). Cutting blades (2) are slidably mounted on the two first inner walls (12). The sampling tube (1) is also provided with a traction mechanism (3) to pull the two cutting blades (2) together to close the bottom of the sampling tube (1). The first inner wall (12) has a mounting groove (121) for mounting the cutting blades (2), and the second inner wall (13) has a guide that communicates with the bottom of the mounting groove (121). The guide groove (131) extends horizontally; the cutting blade (2) includes a mounting block (21) that slides with the mounting groove (121), a cutting head (22) for cutting the sample layer, and a flexible connecting piece (23) connecting the mounting block (21) and the cutting head (22); the two ends of the guide groove (131) are also provided with guide radii (1311) that slide with the flexible connecting piece (23); the two ends of the cutting head (22) are also provided with guide blocks (221) that slide with the guide groove (131).

2. The forest litter layer monitoring and sampling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first reset spring (4) is also fixedly connected between the mounting block (21) and the inner top wall of the mounting groove (121). One end of the first reset spring (4) is fixedly connected to the top of the mounting block (21), and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the mounting groove (121).

3. The forest litter layer monitoring and sampling device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The traction mechanism (3) includes a traction sleeve (31) slidably sleeved on the cylinder (11) and two traction ropes (32) respectively connected to the bottom sides of the traction sleeve (31); the traction rope (32) includes a main rope (321) and two connecting branch ropes (322) fixedly connected to the bottom of the main rope (321), and the other ends of the two connecting branch ropes (322) are respectively connected to guide blocks (221) located on the cutting heads (22) on both sides; the second inner wall (13) has a through hole (132) for the traction rope (32) to pass through.

4. The forest litter layer monitoring and sampling device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A limiting groove (111) is also formed on the cylinder (11), and a limiting block (311) is formed on the inner wall of the traction sleeve (31) to slide in cooperation with the limiting groove (111); a pull rod (312) is also provided on the outer wall of the traction sleeve (31).

5. A forest litter layer monitoring and sampling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A baffle (5) is slidably installed at the bottom of the guide groove (131). A movable groove (1312) for installing the baffle (5) is formed at the bottom of the guide groove (131). A second return spring (6) is also installed at the bottom of the baffle (5). One end of the second return spring (6) is connected to the bottom of the baffle (5), and the other end is connected to the bottom wall of the movable groove (1312).

6. A forest litter layer monitoring and sampling device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top two ends of the baffle (5) are formed with guide slopes (51).

7. A forest litter layer monitoring and sampling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A push plate (7) is also movably installed inside the sampling cylinder (1), and a push rod (71) is provided on the top of the push plate (7); the cylinder rod (11) is a tubular structure, and the push rod (71) is slidably installed inside the cylinder rod (11). A limiting plate (711) is formed on the top of the push rod (71), and a third return spring (72) is also sleeved on the push rod (71). One end of the third return spring (72) is fixedly connected to the top of the cylinder rod (11), and the other end is fixedly connected to the bottom of the limiting plate (711).

8. A forest litter layer monitoring and sampling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sampling tube (1) is also provided with a depth adjustment component (8). The depth adjustment component (8) includes a limiting frame (81) slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the sampling tube (1) and an adjusting screw (82). The top of the limiting frame (81) is provided with a mounting seat (811) that rotates with the bottom of the adjusting screw (82). The upper part of the outer wall of the sampling tube (1) is provided with a first mounting ear (14) and a second mounting ear (15). The first mounting ear (14) has a threaded hole (141) that is threaded with the adjusting screw (82). The second mounting ear (15) has a guide hole (151). The top of the limiting frame (81) is also provided with a guide rod (812) that slides with the guide hole (151).

9. A forest litter layer monitoring and sampling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cylinder (11) is also provided with a control rod (112).

10. A forest litter layer monitoring and sampling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible connecting piece (23) is rolled copper foil, and the cutting head (22) is high carbon steel.

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