A forest steppe ecological soil layer sample undisturbed sampling device and sampling method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of forest prairie ecological soil layer sample undisturbed sampling device and sampling method, it is related to sample sampling technical field, the device includes sampling main body, the top of the outer wall one side of sampling main body is fixedly connected with first handle, and sampling main body outer wall is fixedly connected with second handle near the one side of first handle, and the bottom of sampling main body is clamped with tripod.The linkage of connecting gear is driven to rotate third gear three weeks, since the outer wall of extension rod is provided with second tooth plate, and the outer wall of second tooth plate is in contact with third gear, so that third gear is inserted into soil layer by second tooth plate, further solve the problem that traditional forest prairie ecological soil layer sample undisturbed sampling device in use process, since existing sampling device relies on manual push sampling, not only single sampling time-consuming, and will greatly increase the physical consumption of operator, cause the problem of low sampling efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of sample collection technology, specifically to a sampling device and method for undisturbed sampling of soil samples from forest and grassland ecosystems. Background Technology

[0002] Soil sampling in forest and grassland areas is a core foundational task in fields such as ecological environment monitoring, vegetation restoration research, soil and water conservation, and grassland geological exploration. Sampling efficiency, depth, and sample integrity directly determine the scientific validity of subsequent soil fertility analysis, vegetation growth suitability assessment, and the formulation of ecological protection plans. Currently, soil sampling devices for forest and grassland areas still generally rely on manual operation.

[0003] On the one hand, existing sampling devices rely entirely on manual pushing to complete sampling. The terrain in forest and grassland areas is complex and the sampling points are scattered. Operators need to carry the device back and forth between forests and grasslands, and continuously apply pushing force to complete the soil entry and soil collection operations. Not only does each sampling take a long time, but it also greatly increases the physical exertion of operators, resulting in extremely high labor intensity. Long-term field work can easily lead to personnel fatigue and further reduce sampling efficiency.

[0004] On the other hand, due to limitations in human effort, the sampling depth of the sampling device is significantly limited, making it impossible to effectively collect deep soil samples from forests and grasslands. The surface of forests and grasslands is generally covered with a large amount of fallen leaves, humus, and herbaceous remains. Manual shallow sampling easily mixes these impurities into the sample, seriously interfering with the test data on soil composition, physicochemical properties, etc., leading to biased test results and losing practical reference value. At the same time, some forest and grassland areas contain gravel and hard crust layers in the soil. Manually pushed sampling devices have insufficient penetrating power and cannot continue to penetrate when encountering such soil layers. They are prone to getting stuck and unable to penetrate, making it impossible to obtain soil samples at the target depth, resulting in extremely poor adaptability.

[0005] The existing technology has the following problems:

[0006] 1. The existing forest and grassland ecological soil layer sampling devices rely on manual pushing for sampling, which not only takes a long time for each sampling but also greatly increases the physical exertion of the operators, resulting in low sampling efficiency.

[0007] 2. Existing forest and grassland ecological soil layer sampling devices, due to limitations in human effort, cannot penetrate soil layers with gravel distribution. Furthermore, the presence of a large amount of fallen leaves, humus, and herbaceous residues covering the surface of forests and grasslands severely interferes with soil composition, leading to deviations in test results. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This invention provides a sampling device and method for undisturbed sampling of ecological soil layers in forests and grasslands, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0009] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0010] A sampling device for undisturbed sampling of forest and grassland ecological soil layers includes a sampling body. A first handle is fixedly connected to the top of one side of the outer wall of the sampling body, and a second handle is fixedly connected to the side of the outer wall of the sampling body near the first handle. A tripod is snapped into the bottom of the sampling body. A groove is opened at one end of the inner wall of the sampling body, and an extension rod is slidably connected to the inner wall of the groove. A sampling tube is threadedly connected to the bottom of the extension rod. Sampling holes are opened on both sides of the outer wall of the sampling tube, and a baffle is rotatably connected to the inner cavity of the sampling tube.

[0011] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a rotating handle is rotatably connected to one end of the outer wall of the sampling body near the second handle, and a winch is fixedly connected to one end of the outer wall of the rotating handle. One side of the outer wall of the winch is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the sampling body, and a traction rope is wound around the outer wall of the winch. An extension block is fixedly connected to the top of one end of the inner wall of the sampling body, and a traction wheel is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the extension block. The outer wall of the traction wheel contacts the outer wall of the traction rope. A guide tube is fixedly connected to one side of the inner wall of the sampling body near the extension block, and the inner wall of the guide tube penetrates and slides through the outer wall of the traction rope. The end of the traction rope is fixedly connected to one side of the outer wall of the extension block.

[0012] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: a first double-wheel is fixedly connected to one end of the top of the inner wall of the sampling body near the extension block, and the outer wall of the first double-wheel is in contact with the outer wall of the traction rope; a second double-wheel is in contact with one end of the outer wall of the traction rope away from the first double-wheel; and a first toothed plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the second double-wheel, while the outer wall of the first toothed plate is slidably connected to the inner wall of the sampling body.

[0013] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: a first gear is engaged with the outer wall of the first toothed plate, and one side of the outer wall of the first gear is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the sampling body, while a synchronous belt is driven to the side of the outer wall of the first gear away from the sampling body. A second gear is driven to one end of the synchronous belt, and one side of the outer wall of the second gear is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the sampling body. A connecting gear is engaged with the outer wall of the second gear, and one side of the outer wall of the connecting gear is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the sampling body. A third gear is engaged with the outer wall of the connecting gear away from the second gear, and one side of the outer wall of the third gear is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the sampling body. A second toothed plate is engaged with the outer wall of the third gear, and the outer wall of the second toothed plate is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the extension rod.

[0014] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: the inner cavity of the extension rod is rotatably connected to an adjusting tube, and a control wheel is snapped into the top of the adjusting tube; the outer wall of the control wheel is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the extension rod; an adjusting rod is fixedly connected to the center of the bottom of the control wheel; the adjusting rod passes through the adjusting tube; the outer wall of the adjusting rod slides in cooperation with the inner wall of the adjusting tube; and a push plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the adjusting rod.

[0015] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: the inner cavity of the sampling tube is provided with a first linkage cavity through one end near the baffle, and a second linkage cavity is provided at the end of the inner cavity of the sampling tube near the first linkage cavity. The top of the inner wall of the second linkage cavity is rotatably connected with an annular locking block. The inner wall of the annular locking block is engaged with the bottom of the adjusting tube, and the bottom of the adjusting tube is rotatably connected with the inner wall of the second linkage cavity.

[0016] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: a worm wheel is fixedly connected to the top of the baffle, and the inner wall of the worm wheel is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the first linkage cavity; a worm is rotatably connected to one end of the inner wall of the first linkage cavity; the outer wall of the worm meshes with the outer wall of the worm wheel; a gear rod is fixedly connected to the top of the worm; and the top of the gear rod is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the second linkage cavity.

[0017] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: the outer wall of the gear rod is engaged with a gear ring, and the inner wall of the gear ring is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the second linkage cavity, while the top of the gear ring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the annular locking block.

[0018] A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: a ventilated cavity is provided on the inner wall of the sampling tube between the first linkage cavity and the second linkage cavity, and a plurality of ventilated holes are provided on the inner wall of the ventilated cavity. An elastic movable rod is slidably connected through the center of the ventilated cavity. A block is fixedly connected to the bottom of the elastic movable rod, and the bottom of the block contacts the bottom of the ventilated cavity. A contact piece is fixedly connected to the top of the elastic movable rod, and the top of the contact piece contacts the bottom of the push piece.

[0019] A method for undisturbed sampling of forest-grassland ecological soil layer samples, using the aforementioned undisturbed sampling device for forest-grassland ecological soil layer samples, is as follows:

[0020] S1: By aligning the top of the sampling tube with the bottom of the extension rod and rotating the sampling tube, the top of the sampling tube and the bottom of the extension rod are connected to each other. A rotating handle is set at one end of the outer wall of the sampling body near the second handle. At this time, the operator holds the first handle with one hand and rotates the rotating handle with the other hand. A winch is set at one end of the outer wall of the rotating handle, and a traction rope is wound around the outer wall of the winch. As the winch rotates continuously, the traction rope is tightened continuously. The traction rope passes through the first double sheave and the second double sheave to pull up the first toothed plate. It then passes through the first gear, the second gear, the connecting gear and the third gear to drive the second toothed plate to insert the extension rod and the sampling tube into the ground.

[0021] S2: By setting an adjustment rod at the center of the bottom of the control wheel, pressing the control wheel will cause the adjustment rod to move down inside the adjustment tube without changing the position of the adjustment tube. Since there is an elastic movable rod at the center of the air vent cavity and a contact piece at the top of the elastic movable rod, the downward-moving adjustment rod will cause the push piece at its bottom to fit against the contact piece. The contact piece will then squeeze the elastic movable rod, causing the block at the bottom of the elastic movable rod to seal the bottom of the air vent cavity.

[0022] S3: By setting an annular locking block at the top of the inner wall of the second linkage cavity, when the bottom of the extension rod is connected to the top of the sampling tube, the bottom of the adjusting tube is inserted into the second linkage cavity and embedded in the annular locking block. At this time, the control wheel is rotated, and the adjusting tube is used to push the annular locking block to rotate in the second linkage cavity. Since the bottom of the annular locking block is equipped with a gear ring, and the gear ring is located at the bottom of the inner wall of the second linkage cavity, when the annular locking block drives the gear ring to rotate, the gear ring drives the gear rod set on one side of the outer wall to rotate. Since the bottom of the gear rod is equipped with a worm, and the worm is located in the first linkage cavity, and one side of the outer wall of the worm is equipped with a worm wheel, the worm drives the worm wheel to rotate in the inner wall of the first linkage cavity. Since the bottom of the worm wheel is connected to the top of the baffle, the worm wheel drives the baffle to shift inside the sampling tube and exposes the sampling hole.

[0023] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the technical progress achieved by this invention compared to the prior art is as follows:

[0024] 1. This invention provides an undisturbed sampling device and method for forest and grassland ecological soil layers. Through the linkage of connecting gears, the third gear is driven to rotate three times. Since the outer wall of the extension rod is provided with a second toothed plate, and the outer wall of the second toothed plate is in contact with the third gear, the third gear pushes the sampling tube at the bottom of the extension rod to move down continuously through the second toothed plate, and inserts the sampling tube into the soil layer. This further solves the problem that in the use of traditional undisturbed sampling devices for forest and grassland ecological soil layers, the existing sampling devices rely on manual pushing for sampling, which not only takes a long time for each sampling, but also greatly increases the physical exertion of the operator, resulting in low sampling efficiency.

[0025] 2. This invention provides a sampling device and method for undisturbed sampling of forest and grassland ecological soil layers. By rotating the control wheel, it drives the baffle to rotate inside the sampling tube through the adjusting tube, annular locking block, gear ring, gear rod, worm gear, and worm wheel. The baffle blocks the sampling hole, creating a sealed environment inside the sampling tube. When the sampling tube is pulled out, the soil sample inside is less likely to fall out due to air pressure. This further solves the problem that traditional undisturbed sampling devices for forest and grassland ecological soil layers are limited by the limits of human force, making it impossible to penetrate soil layers with gravel distribution. Furthermore, the large amount of fallen leaves, humus, and herbaceous residues that generally cover the surface of forests and grasslands severely interfere with soil composition, causing deviations in test results. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the winch structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the synchronous belt structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the control wheel of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the sampling tube of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the baffle structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the extension rod of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the top structure of the sampling tube of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the gear ring of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the worm gear of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 12 For the present invention Figure 4 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle.

[0038] In the diagram: 1. Sampling body; 2. First handle; 3. Second handle; 4. Tripod; 5. Slide groove; 6. Extension rod; 7. Sampling tube; 8. Sampling hole; 9. Baffle; 10. Rotating handle; 11. Winch; 12. Block; 13. Traction rope; 14. Extension block; 15. Traction wheel; 16. Guide tube; 17. First double hanging wheel; 18. Second double hanging wheel; 19. First toothed plate; 20. First gear; 21. 21. Contact plate; 22. Synchronous belt; 23. Second gear; 24. Third gear; 25. Second gear plate; 26. Adjusting tube; 27. Control wheel; 28. Adjusting rod; 29. ​​Push plate; 30. First linkage chamber; 31. Second linkage chamber; 32. Annular locking block; 33. Worm gear; 34. Worm; 35. Gear rod; 36. Gear ring; 37. Vent chamber; 38. Vent hole; 39. Elastic movable rod; 40. Connecting gear. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0040] like Figures 1 to 12As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, a sampling device for undisturbed sampling of forest and grassland ecological soil layers includes a sampling body 1. A first handle 2 is fixedly connected to the top of one side of the outer wall of the sampling body 1, and a second handle 3 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the sampling body 1 near the first handle 2. A tripod 4 is snapped into the bottom of the sampling body 1. A groove 5 is opened at one end of the inner wall of the sampling body 1, and an extension rod 6 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the groove 5. A sampling tube 7 is threadedly connected to the bottom of the extension rod 6. Sampling holes 8 are opened on both sides of the outer wall of the sampling tube 7, and a baffle 9 is rotatably connected to the inner cavity of the sampling tube 7. A baffle 9 is rotatably connected to the inner cavity of the sampling tube 7 near the second handle 2. One end of handle 3 is rotatably connected to a rotating handle 10, and one end of the outer wall of the rotating handle 10 is fixedly connected to a winch 11. One side of the outer wall of the winch 11 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the sampling body 1, and a traction rope 13 is wound around the outer wall of the winch 11. An extension block 14 is fixedly connected to the top of one end of the inner wall of the sampling body 1, and a traction wheel 15 is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the extension block 14. The outer wall of the traction wheel 15 contacts the outer wall of the traction rope 13. A guide tube 16 is fixedly connected to the side of the inner wall of the sampling body 1 near the extension block 14, and the inner wall of the guide tube 16 penetrates and slides through the outer wall of the traction rope 13. The end of the traction rope 13... The sampling body 1 is fixedly connected to one side of the outer wall of the extension block 14. A first double-wheel 17 is fixedly connected to the top of the inner wall of the sampling body 1 near the extension block 14, and the outer wall of the first double-wheel 17 contacts the outer wall of the traction rope 13. A second double-wheel 18 is contacted at the outer end of the outer wall of the traction rope 13 away from the first double-wheel 17, and a first toothed plate 19 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the second double-wheel 18. The outer wall of the first toothed plate 19 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the sampling body 1, and a first gear 20 meshes with the outer wall of the first toothed plate 19. One side of the outer wall of the first gear 20 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the sampling body 1, while the outer wall of the first gear 20 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the sampling body 1. A synchronous belt 22 is connected to one side of the sample body 1. A second gear 23 is connected to one end of the synchronous belt 22. One side of the outer wall of the second gear 23 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the sample body 1. A connecting gear 40 meshes with the outer wall of the second gear 23. One side of the outer wall of the connecting gear 40 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the sample body 1. A third gear 24 meshes with the outer wall of the connecting gear 40 away from the second gear 23. One side of the outer wall of the third gear 24 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the sample body 1. A second toothed plate 25 meshes with the outer wall of the third gear 24. The outer wall of the second toothed plate 25 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the extension rod 6.

[0041] During operation, a first handle 2 is installed on the top of one side of the outer wall of the sampling body 1, and a second handle 3 is installed on the side of the outer wall of the sampling body 1 near the first handle 2. The sampling body 1 is lifted using the second handle 3, facilitating movement in the forest environment. When moved to a suitable position, the tripod 4 is first unfolded, and then the bottom of the sampling body 1 is installed on the top of the tripod 4 to fix the sampling body 1. Since a groove 5 is provided at one end of the inner wall of the sampling body 1, and an extension rod 6 is provided on the inner wall of the groove 5, the top of the sampling tube 7 is aligned with the bottom of the extension rod 6, and the sampling tube 7 is rotated to connect the top of the sampling tube 7 with the bottom of the extension rod 6. The operator holds the first handle 2 with one hand and rotates the rotating handle 10 with the other. A winch 11 is located at one end of the outer wall of the rotating handle 10, and a traction rope 13 is wound around the outer wall of the winch 11. As the winch 11 rotates, the traction rope 13 is continuously tightened. During this process, a guide tube 16 located at the top of one side of the sampling body 1 guides the tightening traction rope 13. An extension block 14 is located at one end of the top of the inner wall of the sampling body 1, and a traction wheel 15 is located on one side of the outer wall of the extension block 14. The traction wheel 15 changes the trajectory of the traction rope 13, causing the outer wall of the traction rope 13 to wrap around the first double-drum pulley 17 located at the top of the inner wall of the sampling body 1 near the extension block 14. The sampling body 1 has a first toothed plate 19 at one end of its inner wall (a return spring rod is provided between the bottom of the first toothed plate 19 and the bottom of the inner wall of the sampling body 1, which is prior art), and a second double pulley 18 at the top of the first toothed plate 19. This allows the outer wall of the traction rope 13 to pass through the second double pulley 18 and its end to be fixed to one side of the outer wall of the extension block 14. As the winch 11 continues to rotate, the traction rope 13 is continuously tightened, causing it to gradually pull the first toothed plate 19 to move along the inner wall of the sampling body 1. A first gear 20 is provided at one end of the inner wall of the sampling body 1, causing the first toothed plate 19 to drive the first gear 20 to rotate. A synchronous belt 22 is provided on one side of the outer wall of the first gear 20 (the synchronous belt 22 is provided here). The belt 22 (composed of a synchronous pulley and a toothed belt, belonging to existing technology) drives the second gear 23 to rotate. A connecting gear 40 is installed on one side of the outer wall of the second gear 23, and one side of the outer wall of the connecting gear 40 meshes with the outer wall of the third gear 24. Since the number of teeth in the second gear 23 is three times that of the third gear 24, after the second gear 23 rotates one revolution, the connecting gear 40 drives the third gear 24 to rotate three revolutions. Because the outer wall of the extension rod 6 is provided with a second toothed plate 25, and the outer wall of the second toothed plate 25 contacts the third gear 24, the third gear 24 pushes the sampling tube 7 at the bottom of the extension rod 6 downwards through the second toothed plate 25, causing the sampling tube 7 to insert into the soil layer.This further addresses the problem of low sampling efficiency in traditional forest and grassland soil layer sampling devices, which rely on manual pushing for sampling. This results in time-consuming sampling sessions and significantly increases the physical exertion of operators.

[0042] It should be further explained that by setting a baffle 9 inside the sampling tube 7, the sampling holes 8 set on both sides of the outer wall of the sampling tube 7 are blocked by the baffle 9, so that the soil sample in the sampling tube 7 will not seep out through the sampling holes 8 after the sampling tube 7 is inserted into the soil layer. After the sampling tube 7 has completed the collection of soil samples, the rotating handle 10 is released, so that the traction rope 13 loses the traction force of the winch 11. Under the action of the return spring rod, the first gear 20, the second gear 23, the connecting gear 40 and the third gear 24 are reversed, and the extension rod 6 together with the sampling tube 7 is pulled out of the ground through the second tooth plate 25. At this time, the sampling tube 7 is removed, and the baffle 9 is rotated to sample the soil sample in the sampling tube 7 in layers through the sampling holes 8.

[0043] An adjusting tube 26 is rotatably connected to the inner cavity of the extension rod 6, and a control wheel 27 is snapped onto the top of the adjusting tube 26. The outer wall of the control wheel 27 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the extension rod 6. An adjusting rod 28 is fixedly connected to the center of the bottom of the control wheel 27. The adjusting rod 28 passes through the adjusting tube 26, and the outer wall of the adjusting rod 28 slides against the inner wall of the adjusting tube 26. A push plate 29 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the adjusting rod 28. A first linkage cavity 30 is opened in the inner cavity of the sampling tube 7 near the baffle 9, and a second linkage cavity 31 is opened in the inner cavity of the sampling tube 7 near the first linkage cavity 30. An annular locking block 32 is rotatably connected to the top of the inner wall of the second linkage cavity 31. The inner wall of the annular locking block 32 is snapped onto the bottom of the adjusting tube 26, and the bottom of the adjusting tube 26 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the second linkage cavity 31. A worm gear 33 is fixedly connected to the top of the baffle 9, and the inner wall of the worm gear 33 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the first linkage cavity 30. A worm 34 is rotatably connected to one end of the inner wall of the moving cavity 30. The outer wall of the worm 34 meshes with the outer wall of the worm wheel 33. A gear rod 35 is fixedly connected to the top of the worm 34. The top of the gear rod 35 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the second linkage cavity 31. A gear ring 36 meshes with the outer wall of the gear rod 35. The inner wall of the gear ring 36 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the second linkage cavity 31. The top of the gear ring 36 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the annular locking block 32. The inner wall of the sampling tube 7 is located in the first... A ventilated cavity 37 is provided between the first linkage cavity 30 and the second linkage cavity 31, and a plurality of vent holes 38 are provided on the inner wall of the ventilated cavity 37. An elastic movable rod 39 is slidably connected through the center of the inner cavity of the ventilated cavity 37. A block 12 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the elastic movable rod 39, and the bottom of the block 12 contacts the bottom of the ventilated cavity 37. A contact piece 21 is fixedly connected to the top of the elastic movable rod 39, and the top of the contact piece 21 contacts the bottom of the push piece 29.

[0044] During operation, an adjustment tube 26 is installed inside the extension rod 6, and a control wheel 27 is installed at the top of the adjustment tube 26. Because traditional sampling devices have a simple structure, although they can effectively collect surface samples, when dealing with deep samples, the sealed interior of the sampling device makes it difficult to move downwards due to air pressure. Furthermore, it is affected by the environment. To avoid fallen leaves, humus, and herbaceous debris affecting sample data, the sampling tube 7 often needs to be inserted deep into the soil. However, when gravel is present in the soil layer of the sampling area, it is difficult to penetrate the gravel area manually. Moreover, after the gravel enters the sampling tube 7, it creates numerous gaps inside the tube. When the sampling tube 7 is removed from the soil layer, vibration can easily cause soil samples below the gravel to be damaged. To address the issue of sampling failure caused by the detachment of the sample tube 7, a first linkage cavity 30 is provided at one end of the inner wall of the sampling tube 7 near the baffle 9, and a second linkage cavity 31 is provided at the other end of the inner wall of the sampling tube 7 near the first linkage cavity 30. An annular locking block 32 is provided at the top of the inner wall of the second linkage cavity 31. When the bottom of the extension rod 6 is connected to the top of the sampling tube 7, the bottom of the adjusting tube 26 is inserted into the second linkage cavity 31, and the bottom of the adjusting tube 26 is embedded in the annular locking block 32. At this time, rotating the control wheel 27 uses the adjusting tube 26 to push the annular locking block 32 to rotate in the second linkage cavity 31. Since the bottom of the annular locking block 32 is provided with a toothed ring 36, and the toothed ring 36 is located at the bottom of the inner wall of the second linkage cavity 31, when the annular locking block 32 drives the toothed ring... When the gear ring 36 rotates, it drives the gear rod 35 on one side of the outer wall to rotate. Since the bottom of the gear rod 35 is equipped with a worm 34, and the worm 34 is located within the first linkage cavity 30, and a worm wheel 33 is located on one side of the outer wall of the worm 34, the worm 34 drives the worm wheel 33 to rotate within the inner wall of the first linkage cavity 30. Because the bottom of the worm wheel 33 is connected to the top of the baffle 9, the worm wheel 33 causes the baffle 9 to shift within the sampling tube 7, exposing the sampling hole 8. At this time, the extension rod 6 drives the sampling tube 7 downwards and inserts it into the soil layer. During this period, because the sampling tube 7 is not in a sealed environment, the resistance to the insertion of the sampling tube 7 into the soil layer is greatly reduced, making it easier for the sampling tube 7 to insert into deeper soil layers. Once the sampling tube 7 has moved to a suitable position... After positioning, repeat the above operation, rotate the control wheel 27 so that it drives the baffle 9 to rotate inside the sampling tube 7 through the adjusting tube 26, the annular locking block 32, the gear ring 36, the gear rod 35, the worm 34 and the worm wheel 33. The baffle 9 blocks the sampling hole 8, creating a sealed environment inside the sampling tube 7. When the sampling tube 7 is pulled out, the soil sample in the sampling tube 7 is not easy to fall off under the influence of air pressure. This further solves the problem that traditional forest and grassland ecological soil layer sampling devices, due to the limitation of human force, cannot penetrate soil layers with gravel distribution. Moreover, the large amount of fallen leaves, humus and herb residues that are commonly covered on the surface of forests and grasslands seriously interfere with soil composition and cause deviations in test results.

[0045] It should be further explained that by setting a ventilated chamber 37 between the first linkage chamber 30 and the second linkage chamber 31 on the inner wall of the sampling tube 7, and by setting several vent holes 38 on the inner wall of the ventilated chamber 37, when the sampling tube 7 is inserted into the soil layer, most of the air remaining in the sampling tube 7 enters the regulating tube 26 through the vent holes 38, so that the air pressure in the sampling tube 7 is consistent with the outside air pressure. When the sampling tube 7 moves to a suitable position and is ready to be retrieved, by setting an adjusting rod 28 at the center of the bottom of the control wheel 27, pressing the control wheel 27 at this time allows the adjusting rod 28 to move down in the regulating tube 26 without changing the position of the regulating tube 26. Since an elastic movable rod 39 is set at the center of the inner cavity of the ventilated chamber 37, and the top of the elastic movable rod 39 is provided with a connecting rod... The contact piece 21 causes the downward-moving adjusting rod 28 to drive the push piece 29 at its bottom to fit against the contact piece 21. The contact piece 21 then presses against the elastic movable rod 39, causing the blocking block 12 at the bottom of the elastic movable rod 39 to seal the bottom of the venting chamber 37. At this time, the inner wall of the sampling tube 7 is completely sealed, and the inner wall of the sampling tube 7 is filled with soil samples. During the removal of the sampling tube 7, the samples inside the sampling tube 7 are difficult to fall off from the bottom of the sampling tube 7 due to the adhesion force generated by air pressure and soil moisture. After the sampling tube 7 is removed, the control wheel 27 is released. After the elastic movable rod 39 elastically resets, some air enters the sampling tube 7 through the venting hole 38. Then, the baffle 9 is rotated to sample the soil samples in the sampling tube 7 in layers.

[0046] A method for undisturbed sampling of forest-grassland ecological soil layers, using the aforementioned undisturbed sampling device for forest-grassland ecological soil layers, is as follows:

[0047] S1: By aligning the top of the sampling tube 7 with the bottom of the extension rod 6 and rotating the sampling tube 7, the top of the sampling tube 7 and the bottom of the extension rod 6 are connected to each other. A rotating handle 10 is set at one end of the outer wall of the sampling body 1 near the second handle 3. At this time, the operator holds the first handle 2 with one hand and rotates the rotating handle 10 with the other hand. A winch 11 is set at one end of the outer wall of the rotating handle 10, and a traction rope 13 is wound around the outer wall of the winch 11. As the winch 11 rotates continuously, the traction rope 13 is tightened continuously. The traction rope 13 pulls up the first toothed plate 19 through the first double sheave 17 and the second double sheave 18, and drives the second toothed plate 25 to insert the extension rod 6 and the sampling tube 7 into the ground through the first gear 20, the second gear 23, the connecting gear 40 and the third gear 24.

[0048] S2: By setting an adjusting rod 28 at the center of the bottom of the control wheel 27, when the control wheel 27 is pressed, the adjusting rod 28 moves down in the adjusting tube 26 without changing the position of the adjusting tube 26. Since an elastic movable rod 39 is set at the center of the inner cavity of the ventilated cavity 37, and a contact piece 21 is set at the top of the elastic movable rod 39, the downward moving adjusting rod 28 drives the push piece 29 set at its bottom to fit with the contact piece 21, and the contact piece 21 squeezes the elastic movable rod 39, so that the blocking block 12 set at the bottom of the elastic movable rod 39 seals the bottom of the ventilated cavity 37.

[0049] S3: By setting an annular locking block 32 at the top of the inner wall of the second linkage cavity 31, when the bottom of the extension rod 6 is connected to the top of the sampling tube 7, the bottom of the adjusting tube 26 is inserted into the second linkage cavity 31, and the bottom of the adjusting tube 26 is embedded in the annular locking block 32. At this time, rotating the control wheel 27, the adjusting tube 26 pushes the annular locking block 32 to rotate in the second linkage cavity 31. Since the bottom of the annular locking block 32 is provided with a toothed ring 36, and the toothed ring 36 is located at the bottom of the inner wall of the second linkage cavity 31, when the annular locking block 32 is inserted into the sampling tube 7, the bottom of the adjusting tube 26 is embedded in the annular locking block 32. When block 32 drives the gear ring 36 to rotate, the gear ring 36 drives the gear rod 35 provided on one side of the outer wall to rotate. Since the bottom of the gear rod 35 is provided with a worm 34 and the worm 34 is located in the first linkage cavity 30, and a worm wheel 33 is provided on one side of the outer wall of the worm 34, the worm 34 drives the worm wheel 33 to rotate on the inner wall of the first linkage cavity 30. Since the bottom of the worm wheel 33 is connected to the top of the baffle 9, the worm wheel 33 drives the baffle 9 to shift within the sampling tube 7 and exposes the sampling hole 8.

[0050] The working principle of the original sampling device and sampling method for forest and grassland ecological soil layer samples will be explained in detail below.

[0051] like Figures 1 to 12As shown, a rotating handle 10 is installed on the outer wall of the sampling body 1 near the second handle 3. The operator holds the first handle 2 with one hand and rotates the rotating handle 10 with the other. A winch 11 is installed on one end of the outer wall of the rotating handle 10, and a traction rope 13 is wound around the outer wall of the winch 11. As the winch 11 rotates, the traction rope 13 is continuously tightened. During this process, a guide tube 16 is installed at the top of one side of the sampling body 1 to guide the continuously tightening traction rope 13. An extension block 14 is installed at one end of the top of the inner wall of the sampling body 1, and a traction wheel 15 is installed on one side of the outer wall of the extension block 14. The traction wheel 15 changes the trajectory of the traction rope 13, causing the outer wall of the traction rope 13 to wrap around the inner wall of the sampling body 1. On the first double-wheel 17 located near one end of the extension block 14, a first toothed plate 19 is provided at one end of the inner wall of the sampling body 1, and a second double-wheel 18 is provided at the top of the first toothed plate 19. This allows the outer wall of the traction rope 13 to pass through the second double-wheel 18, with its end fixed to one side of the outer wall of the extension block 14. As the winch 11 continues to rotate, the traction rope 13 is continuously tightened, gradually pulling the first toothed plate 19 to move along the inner wall of the sampling body 1. A first gear 20 is provided at one end of the inner wall of the sampling body 1, causing the first toothed plate 19 to drive the first gear 20 to rotate. Since a synchronous belt 22 is provided on one side of the outer wall of the first gear 20, the synchronous belt 22 drives the second gear 23 to rotate. A connecting gear 40 is provided on one side of the outer wall of the wheel 23, and one side of the outer wall of the connecting gear 40 meshes with the outer wall of the third gear 24. Since the number of teeth of the second gear 23 is three times that of the third gear 24, when the second gear 23 rotates once, it drives the third gear 24 to rotate three times through the linkage of the connecting gear 40. Since the outer wall of the extension rod 6 is provided with a second toothed plate 25, and the outer wall of the second toothed plate 25 contacts the third gear 24, the third gear 24 pushes the sampling tube 7 at the bottom of the extension rod 6 to move continuously downward through the second toothed plate 25. An adjusting tube 26 is provided in the inner cavity of the extension rod 6, and a control wheel 27 is provided at the top of the adjusting tube 26. A first linkage cavity 30 is provided at the end of the inner wall of the sampling tube 7 near the baffle 9, and a control wheel 27 is provided at the top of the sampling tube 26. A second linkage cavity 31 is provided at one end of the inner cavity of the sample tube 7 near the first linkage cavity 30. An annular locking block 32 is provided at the top of the inner wall of the second linkage cavity 31. When the bottom of the extension rod 6 is connected to the top of the sampling tube 7, the bottom of the adjusting tube 26 is inserted into the second linkage cavity 31 and embedded in the annular locking block 32. At this time, rotating the control wheel 27 uses the adjusting tube 26 to push the annular locking block 32 to rotate in the second linkage cavity 31. Since the bottom of the annular locking block 32 is provided with a gear ring 36, and the gear ring 36 is located at the bottom of the inner wall of the second linkage cavity 31, when the annular locking block 32 drives the gear ring 36 to rotate, the gear ring 36 drives the gear rod 35 provided on one side of the outer wall to rotate. Since the bottom of the gear rod 35 is provided with a worm gear 34...Furthermore, the worm gear 34 is located within the first linkage cavity 30, and a worm wheel 33 is provided on one side of the outer wall of the worm gear 34. This causes the worm gear 34 to drive the worm wheel 33 to rotate on the inner wall of the first linkage cavity 30. Since the bottom of the worm wheel 33 is connected to the top of the baffle 9, the worm wheel 33 causes the baffle 9 to shift within the sampling tube 7, exposing the sampling hole 8. At this time, the extension rod 6 drives the sampling tube 7 to move downward and insert it into the soil layer. During this period, since the sampling tube 7 is not a sealed environment, the resistance of the sampling tube 7 to insert into the soil layer is greatly reduced, making it easier for the sampling tube 7 to be inserted into a deeper soil layer. After the sampling tube 7 has moved to the appropriate position, the above operation is repeated. The control wheel 27 is rotated to adjust the position. The tube 26, annular locking block 32, gear ring 36, gear rod 35, worm gear 34, and worm wheel 33 drive the baffle 9 to rotate inside the sampling tube 7. The baffle 9 also blocks the sampling hole 8, creating a sealed environment inside the sampling tube 7. When the sampling tube 7 is pulled out, the air pressure prevents the soil sample from easily falling out. This further solves the problem that traditional forest and grassland ecological soil sampling devices, due to limitations in human force, cannot penetrate soil layers with gravel distribution. Furthermore, the abundant fallen leaves, humus, and herbaceous residues covering the surface of forests and grasslands severely interfere with soil composition, causing deviations in test results.

[0052] The present invention has been described in detail above. However, modifications or improvements can be made to it, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, any modifications or improvements that do not depart from the spirit of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sampling device for undisturbed sampling of forest and grassland ecological soil layers, comprising a sampling body (1), characterized in that: The top of one side of the outer wall of the sampling body (1) is fixedly connected to a first handle (2), and the side of the outer wall of the sampling body (1) close to the first handle (2) is fixedly connected to a second handle (3). The bottom of the sampling body (1) is fitted with a tripod (4). One end of the inner wall of the sampling body (1) is provided with a sliding groove (5), and the inner wall of the sliding groove (5) is slidably connected to an extension rod (6). The bottom of the extension rod (6) is threadedly connected to a sampling tube (7). Sampling holes (8) are provided on both sides of the outer wall of the sampling tube (7), and a baffle (9) is rotatably connected to the inner cavity of the sampling tube (7). The inner cavity of the extension rod (6) is rotatably connected to an adjustment tube (26), and a control wheel (27) is snapped onto the top of the adjustment tube (26). The outer wall of the control wheel (27) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the extension rod (6). An adjustment rod (28) is fixedly connected to the center of the bottom of the control wheel (27). The adjustment rod (28) passes through the adjustment tube (26), and the outer wall of the adjustment rod (28) slides with the inner wall of the adjustment tube (26). A push plate (29) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the adjustment rod (28). The sampling tube (7) has a first linkage cavity (30) that extends through the end of the inner cavity near the baffle (9), and a second linkage cavity (31) that extends through the end of the inner cavity of the sampling tube (7) near the first linkage cavity (30). The top of the inner wall of the second linkage cavity (31) is rotatably connected to an annular locking block (32). The inner wall of the annular locking block (32) is engaged with the bottom of the adjusting tube (26), and the bottom of the adjusting tube (26) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the second linkage cavity (31). The top of the baffle (9) is fixedly connected to a worm wheel (33), and the inner wall of the worm wheel (33) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the first linkage cavity (30). One end of the inner wall of the first linkage cavity (30) is rotatably connected to a worm (34). The outer wall of the worm (34) meshes with the outer wall of the worm wheel (33), and the top of the worm (34) is fixedly connected to a gear rod (35). The top of the gear rod (35) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the second linkage cavity (31). The outer wall of the gear rod (35) is engaged with a gear ring (36), and the inner wall of the gear ring (36) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the second linkage cavity (31), while the top of the gear ring (36) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the annular locking block (32). The sampling tube (7) has a ventilated cavity (37) between the first linkage cavity (30) and the second linkage cavity (31) on its inner wall. The ventilated cavity (37) has several vent holes (38) on its inner wall. An elastic movable rod (39) is slidably connected through the center of the ventilated cavity (37). A block (12) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the elastic movable rod (39), and the bottom of the block (12) is in contact with the bottom of the ventilated cavity (37). A contact piece (21) is fixedly connected to the top of the elastic movable rod (39), and the top of the contact piece (21) is in contact with the bottom of the push piece (29).

2. The undisturbed sampling device for forest and grassland ecological soil layers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sampling body (1) has a rotating handle (10) rotatably connected to one end of its outer wall near the second handle (3), and a winch (11) is fixedly connected to one end of the outer wall of the rotating handle (10). One side of the outer wall of the winch (11) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the sampling body (1), and a traction rope (13) is wound around the outer wall of the winch (11). An extension block (14) is fixedly connected to the top of one end of the inner wall of the sampling body (1), and a traction wheel (15) is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the extension block (14). The outer wall of the traction wheel (15) is in contact with the outer wall of the traction rope (13). A guide tube (16) is fixedly connected to one side of the inner wall of the sampling body (1) near the extension block (14), and the inner wall of the guide tube (16) is slidably connected to the outer wall of the traction rope (13). The end of the traction rope (13) is fixedly connected to one side of the outer wall of the extension block (14).

3. The undisturbed sampling device for forest and grassland ecological soil layers according to claim 2, characterized in that: The top of the inner wall of the sampling body (1) near the extension block (14) is fixedly connected to a first double wheel (17), and the outer wall of the first double wheel (17) is in contact with the outer wall of the traction rope (13). The outer wall of the traction rope (13) away from the first double wheel (17) is in contact with a second double wheel (18), and the bottom of the second double wheel (18) is fixedly connected to a first toothed plate (19), while the outer wall of the first toothed plate (19) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the sampling body (1).

4. The undisturbed sampling device for forest and grassland ecological soil layers according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer wall of the first toothed plate (19) is engaged with a first gear (20), and one side of the outer wall of the first gear (20) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the sampling body (1). The outer wall of the first gear (20) away from the sampling body (1) is connected to a synchronous belt (22). One end of the synchronous belt (22) is connected to a second gear (23), and one side of the outer wall of the second gear (23) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the sampling body (1). The outer wall of the second gear (23) is engaged with a connecting gear (40), and one side of the outer wall of the connecting gear (40) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the sampling body (1). The outer wall of the connecting gear (40) away from the second gear (23) is engaged with a third gear (24), one side of the outer wall of the third gear (24) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the sampling body (1). The outer wall of the third gear (24) is engaged with a second toothed plate (25), and the outer wall of the second toothed plate (25) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the extension rod (6).

5. A method for undisturbed sampling of forest and grassland ecological soil layers, wherein the method employs the undisturbed sampling device for forest and grassland ecological soil layers as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: The method is as follows: S1: By aligning the top of the sampling tube (7) with the bottom of the extension rod (6) and rotating the sampling tube (7), the top of the sampling tube (7) and the bottom of the extension rod (6) are connected to each other. By setting a rotating handle (10) on the outer wall of the sampling body (1) near the second handle (3), the operator holds the first handle (2) with one hand and rotates the rotating handle (10) with the other hand. By setting a winch (11) on the outer wall of the rotating handle (10), and the outer wall of the winch (11) is wrapped with a traction rope (13), the traction rope (13) is tightened continuously as the winch (11) rotates continuously, so that the traction rope (13) is pulled up through the first double wheel (17) and the second double wheel (18), and the first toothed plate (19) is pulled up through the first gear (20), the second gear (23), the connecting gear (40) and the third gear (24), and the second toothed plate (25) is driven to insert the extension rod (6) and the sampling tube (7) into the ground. S2: By setting an adjustment rod (28) at the center of the bottom of the control wheel (27), when the control wheel (27) is pressed, the adjustment rod (28) moves down in the adjustment tube (26) without changing the position of the adjustment tube (26). Since an elastic movable rod (39) is set at the center of the inner cavity of the ventilated cavity (37), and a contact piece (21) is set at the top of the elastic movable rod (39), the downward-moving adjustment rod (28) drives the push piece (29) set at its bottom to fit with the contact piece (21), and the contact piece (21) squeezes the elastic movable rod (39), so that the block (12) set at the bottom of the elastic movable rod (39) seals the bottom of the ventilated cavity (37). S3: By setting an annular locking block (32) at the top of the inner wall of the second linkage cavity (31), when the bottom of the extension rod (6) is connected to the top of the sampling tube (7), the bottom of the adjusting tube (26) is inserted into the second linkage cavity (31), and the bottom of the adjusting tube (26) is embedded in the annular locking block (32). At this time, the control wheel (27) is rotated, and the adjusting tube (26) is used to push the annular locking block (32) to rotate in the second linkage cavity (31). Since the bottom of the annular locking block (32) is provided with a toothed ring (36), and the toothed ring (36) is located at the bottom of the inner wall of the second linkage cavity (31), when the annular locking block (32) is inserted into the top of the sampling tube (7), the bottom of the adjusting tube (26) is inserted into the annular locking block (32). 2) When the gear ring (36) is rotated, the gear ring (36) drives the gear rod (35) on one side of the outer wall to rotate. Since the bottom of the gear rod (35) is provided with a worm (34) and the worm (34) is located in the first linkage cavity (30), and the outer wall of the worm (34) is provided with a worm wheel (33), the worm (34) drives the worm wheel (33) to rotate on the inner wall of the first linkage cavity (30). Since the bottom of the worm wheel (33) is connected to the top of the baffle (9), the worm wheel (33) drives the baffle (9) to shift in the sampling tube (7) and expose the sampling hole (8).

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