Single-point collection multi-wind-direction sand-raising three-part room fixed sand collector

Abstract

The application discloses a three-part chamber fixed sand collector for single-point collection of sand from multiple wind directions, and belongs to the technical field of wind-sand two-phase flow monitoring equipment. The three-part chamber fixed sand collector is composed of a fixed base, a supporting column, a ring-shaped sand collecting module, a fixing fastener and a cover plate. The ring-shaped sand collecting module comprises a flange cover, a flow blocking block, a flange bottom plate, a sand collecting box, a collecting support and three sand blocking partitions. When wind-sand flow blows from any wind direction, dust or sand particles enter the equivalent inflow port from the sand inlet of the three flow-dividing chambers of the ring-shaped sand collecting module, collide with the flow blocking block and then settle in a single gradient sand collecting box. The design of the flow-dividing chamber is embodied in the setting of side corner flow guide surfaces on both sides of the sand inlet edge, so as to avoid the influence of airflow resistance and separation disturbance existing in the slit-type edge. The low gravity ballast design of the sand basin of the fixed base can also improve the overturning resistance. The application solves the technical problems of the existing technology, such as the shallow and fuzzy spatial distribution determination caused by the multiple sand collection steps and large calculation amount of the sand transport rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of wind and sand two-phase flow monitoring equipment in complex desert environments. More specifically, it is a three-compartment fixed sand collector that collects wind and sand transport volume in real time at different wind directions and heights. Background Technology

[0002] Dust storms exacerbate desertification, and wind-blown sand flows erode arid, semi-arid, and mobile sand dunes over long periods. The size, transport rate, longitudinal gradient distribution, and azimuth parameters of dust or sand particles in wind-blown sand flows determine their properties. In complex desert environments, a three-compartment fixed sand collector is an important measuring instrument for detecting changes in sand control projects and microscopic sand dunes within a 50 cm depth of the ground surface.

[0003] Existing sand collectors can be broadly categorized into stepped, bag-type, rotating gradient, fixed, and automatic types, with the bag-type being the most widespread. Stepped sand collectors arrange sand collection boxes in layers along the vertical direction, and most are designed for unidirectional sampling. Bag-type sand collectors collect sand through an inlet channel, which then settles it inside a bag; the direction is adjustable, but the sampling area is limited. Rotating gradient sand collectors fix the collection units on a rotating shaft, using wind-driven tail fins to collect sand flows at different heights and directions. However, in complex desert environments, the rotating mechanism is prone to failure, wind disturbances can easily cause it to tip over, and it's difficult to determine the timing of wind changes. Fixed sand collectors have a simple structure and are suitable for monitoring areas with stable prevailing wind directions, but they cannot reflect the spatial distribution characteristics of sand flows. Automatic sand collectors integrate sand collection, measurement, data recording, and remote transmission functions, achieving unattended continuous automatic monitoring, but they suffer from poor environmental adaptability of electronic components and high requirements for power supply and signal transmission. At present, multi-directional sand collectors collect sand flow by setting up collection units in multiple directions. However, multi-directional sand collectors are difficult to manufacture, have many collection steps, and are difficult to maintain in the later stages, which makes it impossible to reflect the characteristics of sand flow in multiple wind directions under complex terrain.

[0004] Based on this, the present invention provides a fixed sand collector that does not rely on a rotating mechanism and can simultaneously acquire data from different heights and wind directions. Simultaneously, the sand collector should also have a side-angle guide design to reduce airflow resistance and separation disturbances. A low-gravity ballast design for the fixed base with a sand basin can also improve its anti-overturning capability, enhance the reliability of field instrument monitoring, and complete the collection of dust or sand particles from all wind directions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a three-compartment fixed sand collector that collects sand from multiple wind directions at a single point, in order to solve the technical problems reflected in the existing technology, such as the large number of sand transport rate collection steps and the large amount of calculations caused by the all-round approach, resulting in shallow design significance and vague spatial distribution measurement.

[0006] A three-compartment fixed sand collector for single-point collection of sand rising from multiple wind directions consists of a fixed base, supporting columns, an annular sand collection module, fixing fasteners, and a cover plate. The annular sand collection module includes a flange cover, a flow interceptor, a flange base plate, a sand collection box, a collection bracket, and three sand-blocking baffles. Without expansion, the three-compartment sand collector collects sand and dust distribution from five gradient compartments in all directions. When sand and dust flow from any wind direction, dust or sand particles travel from the sand inlet of the guide compartment to the equivalent inlet, collide with the flow interceptor, and then settle under the influence of gravity, inertia, and eddy current energy dissipation, settling in the sand collection box of a single gradient collection compartment. This achieves single-point synchronous observation of the spatial distribution characteristics of sand rising from different heights and wind directions.

[0007] When the prevailing wind direction changes frequently, a larger collection angle is more conducive to the extraction of spatial distribution characteristics. The three-chamber design of the annular sand collection module is derived from the triangular geometry of the supporting columns, and the maximum collection angle of each section is determined to be 120°. Sand-blocking baffles separate the various flow-guiding chambers, allowing for timely replacement of sand collection boxes with different gradients and shortening the gap in synchronous data collection.

[0008] Optionally, an annular sand collection module is provided, with the groove on the flange base plate facing upwards and the groove on the flange cover facing downwards. The through holes of the three sand-blocking baffles are aligned with the upper and lower groove through holes and threaded holes in sequence, with the side corners of the sand-blocking baffles facing outwards. The collection bracket is installed at the lower end of the flange base plate, and the studs are installed and locked sequentially from the intercepting block and the upper through hole of the flange cover downwards. The raised area at the bottom of the sand collection box is slid outwards into the groove of the collection bracket to achieve fast replacement and fewer collection steps.

[0009] The equivalent inlet cross-section of the flow-guiding chamber of the annular sand collection module is fan-shaped, with a diameter of 200 mm on the outer periphery, a diameter of 90 mm on the inner periphery, and a thickness of 18 mm. When the prevailing wind direction is N, the flow-guiding chamber 1 faces the prevailing wind direction, which is exactly opposite to the replacement direction of the sand collection box, and the collection range is from WNW to ENE (300°-60°). The flow-guiding chambers 2 and 3 correspond to the left and right directions of the flow-guiding chamber 1, respectively. The collection range of the flow-guiding chamber 2 is from WNW to S (300°-180°), and the collection range of the flow-guiding chamber 3 is from ENE to S (60°-180°).

[0010] Dig a 350 mm deep hole in the sandy surface, and anchor the bottom support of the fixed base to the sandy surface (sand basin facing upwards). After it is flush with the ground, fill the surrounding sand to achieve low center of gravity ballast. The three support columns are installed longitudinally on the six positioning holes of the fixed base. After the fixing holes of the support columns are aligned with the positioning holes of the fixed base, they are locked with bolts and studs.

[0011] The flange cover of the annular sand collecting module faces upward, with its three side corners aligned with the corner grooves of the supporting column, and slides to the sliding reference position of the supporting column; the inner center of the three fixing fasteners is aligned with the outer center of the supporting column, and slides to the upper end of the flange cover of the annular sand collecting module; the three side corners of the second annular sand collecting module are aligned with the corner grooves of the supporting column, and slide to the upper end face of the fixing fastener in the height direction, forming the principle of installing one fixing fastener between two annular sand collecting modules; the fixing fastener height is 72 mm, and five annular sand collecting modules are installed to monitor and measure the sand flow at gradients of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 cm; when the fixing fastener height is 65.75 mm, up to six annular sand collecting modules can be installed to monitor and measure the sand flow at gradients of 10, 13.75, 23.75, 33.75, 43.75, and 50 cm.

[0012] When five or six annular sand collecting modules are installed on the top of the three supporting columns, a cover plate needs to be installed on the flange cover and the upper end of the intercepting block of the last annular sand collecting module. After the three protruding corner slots of the cover plate are aligned with the corner slots of the annular sand collecting module, the studs pass through the cover plate and the annular sand collecting module and are threadedly locked. Finally, the three studs are aligned with the three protruding corner slot holes of the cover plate and the threaded holes of the supporting columns and threadedly locked.

[0013] Based on this, the present invention performs synchronous collection of sand flow data at different heights and wind directions at a single point. Compared with the original technology, it is a fixed sand collector that performs synchronous collection of sand flow data in all wind directions at 360° without relying on the rotation of the shaft and bearing components and shortens the collection steps. Through the triangular geometric structure of the supporting column, the concept of three-chamber design is determined, which can quickly determine whether the sand flow at a single point under different gradients is in a complex multi-wind direction range. It has the advantage of reflecting the spatial distribution characteristics and obtaining the sand transport rate per unit area. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings used are briefly described. For those skilled in the art, other necessary drawings can be obtained by combining these drawings without creative effort.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a three-compartment fixed sand collector for single-point collection of sand rising from multiple wind directions according to the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the collection process in a single diversion chamber of a semi-circular sand collection module;

[0017] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the sand collection box structure of the annular sand collection module;

[0018] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the annular sand collection module;

[0019] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the fixed base and the supporting column;

[0020] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the sliding fit of the corner groove of the fastener;

[0021] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the cover plate structure.

[0022] In the diagram: 1. Fixed base; 101. Fixed base through hole 1; 102. Fixed base through hole 2; 11. Bottom support; 12. Sand basin; 2. Support column; 201. Support column positioning through hole; 2011. Support column corner groove; 202. Support column through hole; 203. Sampling gradient marker; 204. Fixed threaded hole; 2111. Support column inner and outer corner grooves; 3. Fixed fastener; 3011. Fixed fastener cross-section; 4. Annular sand collection module; 41. Flange cover; 411. Flange cover inward through hole 1; 412. Flange cover inward through hole 2; 413. Flange cover inward through hole 3; 4101. Flange cover mounting hole 1; 4102. Flange cover mounting hole 2; 4103. Flange cover mounting hole 3; 4 111. Flange cover side angle; 42. Cut-off block; 421. Cut-off block inward through hole 1; 422. Cut-off block inward through hole 2; 423. Cut-off block inward through hole 3; 43. Flange base plate; 4311. Flange base plate side angle; 44. Sand baffle; 45. Collection bracket; 4501. Collection bracket through hole or threaded hole 1; 4502. Collection bracket threaded hole 2; 4503. Collection bracket threaded hole 3; 5. Cover plate; 51. Angle groove plate hole; 5101. Cover plate through hole; 5102. Cover plate recessed hole; 52. Angle groove plate; 6. Sand collection box; 61. Sand collection box end face; 62. Sand collection box bottom protruding module; P, Note wind direction; I, Sand inlet; EI, Equivalent inlet; S, Cut-off port; C, Sand collection box opening. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To better understand the technical solution of the present invention, a more detailed description will be provided below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which will further assist those skilled in the art in obtaining other necessary drawings without creative effort, but all of these fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper end," "lower end," "outer," "bottom," "upper," "lower," "outer," "inner edge," "outer edge," "top," and "flush," etc., indicate positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the purpose of simplifying description and operation, and do not indicate or imply specific positions of the components. Therefore, they cannot be considered as limiting conditions of this invention. Furthermore, "one," "two," "three," "five," and "six" are used only to describe the quantity used and do not indicate or imply the relationship between components.

[0025] In the description of this invention, the terms "install," "collect," "gather," "anchor," "slide," "lock," "counterweight," "fill," and "replace" should be interpreted broadly. For example, installation can refer to detachable connections, welding, or fixed connections; the verbs for anchor, slide, lock, counterweight, fill, and replace can refer to the installation process and usage sequence of components. Those skilled in the art can understand the meaning of this invention in conjunction with the actual situation.

[0026] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, a three-compartment fixed sand collector for single-point collection of sand rising from multiple wind directions includes a fixed base 1, a supporting column 2, an annular sand collection module 4, a fixing fastener 3, and a cover plate 5. The annular sand collection module 4 is composed of a flange cover 41, a flow interceptor 42, a flange base plate 43, a sand collection box 6, a collection bracket 45, and three sand-blocking baffles 44.

[0027] like Figure 2 , Figure 4 As shown, direction P corresponds to the prevailing wind direction of diversion chamber 1. Diversion chambers 2 and 3 correspond to the left and right directions of diversion chamber 1, respectively. When the prevailing wind direction is N, the range of collected sand transport is WNW to ENE (300°-60°), WNW to S (300°-180°), and ENE to S (60°-180°), respectively. Diversion chamber 1 should be opposite to the direction of sand collection box 6 and aligned with the through hole 4101 of flange cover 41. When the sand flow comes from any wind direction, dust or sand particles settle in the sand collection box opening C of a single gradient collection under the action of gravity, inertial force, and eddy current energy dissipation after passing through the sand inlet I of the diversion chamber to the equivalent inlet EI and the collision interception port S. This realizes single-point synchronous observation of the spatial distribution characteristics of sand-raising winds at different heights.

[0028] like Figure 3As shown, the bottom protruding module 62 of the sand collection box 6 slides outward into the groove of the collection bracket 45, ensuring that the replacement direction of the sand collection box 6 is opposite to the prevailing wind direction, which can achieve fast replacement speed and fewer collection steps. The bottom diameter of the main body cross-section is 78 mm, the top diameter is 80 mm, the height is 30 mm, the thickness is 2 mm, and the slice thickness is 1 mm. The error between the end face 61 of the sand collection box and the flange base plate 43 shall not exceed 0.1-0.3 mm.

[0029] like Figure 4 As shown, the end cap of the intercepting block 42 has its through holes facing upwards, the flange cover 41 has its slots facing downwards, and the through holes 421, 422, and 423 of the intercepting block 42 are aligned with the through holes 411, 412, and 413 of the flange cover. The flange base plate 43 has its slots facing upwards, and the upper and lower cross-sections of the through holes of the three sand-blocking baffles 44 are aligned with the upper and lower slots of the flange cover 41 and the flange base plate 43. The direction of the sand-blocking baffles 44 is determined after the through holes correspond to 4101, 411, 4102, 412, 4103, and 413. At this time, the side corner 4311 of the flange base plate 43 should be aligned with the sand-blocking baffle. The side corners of the sand baffle 44 and the side corners 4111 of the flange cover 41 are aligned outwards. The collecting bracket 45 is installed at the lower end of the flange base plate 43, with the through holes or threaded holes 4501, 4502, and 4503 aligned with 4101, 4102, and 4103. The studs are then sequentially installed and locked from the through holes and threaded holes of the intercepting block 42, flange cover 41, sand baffle 44, flange base plate 43, and collecting bracket 45. The through hole 4101 of the flange cover 41 should be aligned with the through hole 4501 of the collecting bracket 45 for easy replacement without being affected by the bracket. When installing multiple three-chamber fixed sand collectors, the through hole 4101 of the flange cover 41 can be used as the alignment reference.

[0030] like Figure 5 As shown, a 350 mm depth is dug into the sandy surface, and the bottom support anchor 11 of the fixed base 1 is fixed to the sandy surface (sand basin 12 facing upwards). After being flush with the ground, the surrounding sand is filled to fill the sand basin 12, thus achieving a low center of gravity ballast. The three support columns 2 are longitudinally installed on the six positioning holes of the fixed base 1. At this time, the positioning through holes 201 and 202 of the support columns 2 are aligned with each through hole 101 and 102 positioning hole of the fixed base 1 and then locked with bolts and studs.

[0031] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7As shown, the three side corners 4311 of the lower end of the flange base plate 43 of the annular sand collecting module 4 are aligned with and slid to the upper end face (sliding reference position) of the corner groove 2011 of the supporting column 2; the inner center of the end face 3011 of the three fixing fasteners 3 is aligned with the inner and outer center corner grooves 2111 of the supporting column 2; and the module slides to the upper end of the flange cover 41 of the annular sand collecting module 4. The three side corners of the second annular sand collecting module 4 are aligned with the corner groove 2011 of the supporting column 2; and the module slides to the end face 3011 in the height direction of the fixing fastener 3. At this time, the sand inlet of the annular sand collecting module 4 should be aligned with the sampling gradient mark 203, forming a connection between the two annular sand collecting modules 4. The principle of fixing fastener 3; when five or six annular sand collecting modules 4 are installed on the top of the three supporting columns 2, the cover plate 5 needs to be installed on the last annular sand collecting module 4. The installation sequence is as follows: the through hole 5101 is aligned with the through holes 4101, 4102, and 4103 of the flange cover 41, and the recessed hole 5102 is aligned with the through holes 421, 422, and 423 of the intercepting block 42 and locked; after the three protruding corner groove plates 52 of the cover plate 5 are aligned with the inner and outer corner grooves 2111 of the annular sand collecting module 4, the three studs are aligned with the three protruding corner groove plate holes 51 of the cover plate 5 and the threaded holes 204 of the supporting column 2 and threadedly locked. Finally, although the technical solution of the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that it can still be optimized in form and detail, or some or all of the technical features can be equivalently replaced, but it shall not deviate from the scope defined by the technical solution of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-compartment fixed sand collector for single-point collection of sand rising from multiple wind directions, characterized in that, include: Fixed base; three supporting columns are longitudinally installed in six positioning holes provided along the height direction of the fixed base; At least five annular sand collection modules are installed on the corner slots of the supporting columns; a fixing fastener needs to be installed between two annular sand collection modules; a cover plate is installed on the top of the three supporting columns; wherein, the annular sand collection module is an annular disc composed of a flange cover, a flow interceptor, a flange base plate, a sand collection box, a collection bracket and three sand-blocking baffles, characterized in that the three sand-blocking baffles are installed in the slots of the flange cover and the flange base plate, the collection bracket is installed at the lower end of the flange base plate, and the sand collection box is placed in the slot of the collection bracket to achieve replaceability.

2. The annular sand collection module according to claim 1 has three annular flow guiding chambers evenly distributed in the circumference. Each flow guiding chamber has a sand inlet on the outer periphery, an equivalent inlet connecting the sand inlet to the internal area of ​​the periphery, and floating dust or sand particles falling into the sand collection box after colliding with the intercepting block. The flow guiding chambers form a full-circumferential sand collection structure around the supporting column, and adjacent flow guiding chambers are separated by sand-blocking baffles, with each interval being 120°.

3. The annular sand collection module according to claim 1, characterized in that... Side-angle guide surfaces are provided on both sides of the sand inlet edge to reduce airflow resistance and separation disturbances in the narrow edge. The triangular design simplifies the structure of the supporting column and reduces the complexity caused by multiple directions, thus enabling the collection of floating dust or sand particles in various wind conditions.

4. The fixed base, supporting column, cover plate, flange cover, intercepting block, flange base plate, collecting bracket and sand-blocking baffle are connected by a threaded structure according to claim 1; the annular sand collecting module, the fixing fastener and the supporting column are slidably connected by an angle groove; the fixed base and the sand basin are connected by welding; the sand collecting box and the supporting column are provided with orientation and sampling gradient markings.

5. A three-compartment fixed sand collector for single-point collection of sand rising from multiple wind directions according to claim 1, characterized in that... The fixing fasteners are adjusted by different sizes to control the single-point collection gradient of the annular sand collection modules, and a maximum of six annular sand collection modules can be installed.

6. The fixed base according to claim 1, characterized in that... After the bottom support legs are anchored to the sandy ground and level with the ground, a sand basin is added as a counterweight. Filling the surrounding sand particles can form a low center of gravity ballast, which improves the anti-overturning ability of the sand collector and ensures the installation stability and sampling accuracy in field conditions.

7. The equivalent inlet of the flow guiding compartment and the surface of the sand collection box according to claim 2 are provided with a low-adhesion coating, wherein the coating is a corrosion-resistant and long-life wear-resistant ceramic coating (Al2O3).

8. The three-chamber fixed sand collector for single-point collection of sand rising from multiple wind directions according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that... The annular sand collection module records data on the gradient transport of wind-blown sand as altitude changes. The following formula can be used to calculate the sand transport at a certain azimuth and altitude. h Sediment transport rate per unit area Q :

9. Among them, M Sampling time Δ t The quality of collections gathered in the in-collection sandbox D and h These are the diameter and height of the flow guide chamber on its outer periphery, respectively.

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