A BMS simulation device, a control method and a BMS test equipment fault diagnosis method of an energy storage test teaching aid

Abstract

The application discloses a BMS simulation device of an energy storage test teaching aid, a control method and a BMS test equipment fault diagnosis method, and belongs to the technical field of energy storage system testing. The device comprises a closed machine case and internally integrated simulation battery packs, a signal simulation and detection unit, a multi-protocol communication module and a power management module. A plurality of functional interface areas are arranged on different surfaces of the machine case, the interface areas are physically separated and bear different types of external interaction functions. The signal simulation and detection unit realizes hard-wired matching of DO and DI signals through a dial switch, supports real-time display of signal states and manual simulation input. The application integrates dispersed test equipment into one, has the advantages of simple wiring, intuitive operation, safety and reliability, strong expansibility, convenient movement and the like, can greatly reduce test cost and preparation time, and is suitable for rapid testing and fault simulation of various types of energy storage master control, slave control and display control equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of BMS testing equipment technology, specifically to a BMS simulation device, control method, and fault diagnosis method for energy storage testing teaching aids. Background Technology

[0002] Most commercially available energy storage system testing equipment currently employs a distributed structure, with functional modules such as power modules, signal simulation modules, communication modules, and display modules often arranged independently and requiring extensive external cabling for interconnection. While this structure can functionally meet basic testing requirements, it reveals several prominent problems in practical use.

[0003] First, the wiring is complex and prone to errors. The interface definitions between different models of master control devices (such as ESBCM-C133, ESBCM-F133HV4.0), slave control devices (such as ESBMM-1212, ESBMM-1222), and display and control devices (such as ESMU HV2.0.1) vary, and there is a lack of unified standards for cable interface types and pin arrangements. Testers need to frequently change wiring methods and plug and unplug various cables according to the device model during testing. Even slight carelessness can lead to incorrect wiring or poor contact. This problem is particularly prominent when multiple people are working in shifts or when testing tasks are heavy. At best, it leads to abnormal test data; at worst, it can damage the device under test.

[0004] Secondly, the equipment is difficult to move. A distributed layout means that multiple independent modules need to be placed on separate workbenches or racks, connected by cables to form a loose testing system. Moving the entire system requires moving each module individually and rewiring them, which is not only time-consuming but also occupies a significant amount of space. For testing scenarios that require frequent relocation or movement between different workstations, this layout is clearly inflexible.

[0005] Third, scalability is poor. The interface types and communication protocols of existing equipment are often designed for specific models, making it difficult to be compatible with multiple models of master, slave, and display control devices. Once a new product model is introduced or testing requirements change, the existing testing equipment often cannot be used directly, requiring the selection of new models, the rebuilding of the testing environment, or even the replacement of the entire set of equipment. This low scalability leads to low equipment reuse rates, increasing the cost burden on R&D and testing departments.

[0006] Fourth, there are certain safety hazards. Some equipment has exposed high-voltage interfaces without effective protective covers or insulation measures. Operators may accidentally touch high-voltage parts if they are not careful during wiring or debugging. Furthermore, the heat dissipation structures of distributed equipment are usually relatively simple. When multiple devices are placed together, heat can easily accumulate, potentially leading to overheating after prolonged operation, affecting equipment stability and lifespan.

[0007] Fifth, the operation is not intuitive enough. In a distributed layout, power status indicators, communication status indicators, signal status displays, etc., are often distributed across different modules, without a centralized display or unified operating interface. Testers need to check the status information of different modules repeatedly, making the operation process cumbersome. Especially when performing complex tests or troubleshooting, it is easy to miss key status changes, affecting testing efficiency and the accuracy of judgment.

[0008] In summary, existing energy storage system testing equipment has varying degrees of shortcomings in terms of integration, portability, scalability, safety, and ease of operation. Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for a highly integrated, easy-to-operate, safe, reliable, and easily expandable testing fixture for energy storage systems. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to provide a BMS simulation device and control method for energy storage testing teaching aids, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art, which have varying degrees of deficiencies in terms of integration, portability, expandability, safety and ease of operation.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0011] A BMS simulation device for an energy storage testing teaching aid includes: Enclosed chassis; A simulated battery pack is installed inside the chassis; A signal simulation and detection unit is disposed inside or on the surface of the chassis and is used to generate or detect digital input and output signals; A multi-protocol communication module is located inside the chassis and supports at least two different communication protocols; The power management module, located inside the chassis, is used to supply power to the external device under test; Multiple functional interface areas are provided on different surfaces of the chassis. Each interface area is physically separated from the others and undertakes different types of external interaction functions.

[0012] As a further preferred technical solution, the signal simulation and detection unit includes:

[0013] The DO / DI matching selection circuit uses a DIP switch to achieve hard-wired matching between each DO signal and a specified DI signal.

[0014] The pulse detection and indication unit is used to detect high-level or low-level pulses and output an indication.

[0015] Signal status indicator array, used to display the status of each DO / DI signal in real time;

[0016] Manual signal analog input button, used to actively trigger DI signal.

[0017] As a further preferred technical solution, a temperature and voltage simulation adjustment module is also included. This module includes a multi-channel potentiometer group, which is used to simulate the NTC temperature signal of the master controller and the slave controller, as well as the group terminal voltage signal of at least one master controller. When the potentiometer is rotated to the left, the resistance increases to simulate a decrease in temperature or a decrease in voltage, and when it is rotated to the right, the resistance decreases to simulate an increase in temperature or an increase in voltage.

[0018] As a further preferred technical solution, the chassis has a hexahedral structure, with each of its six surfaces corresponding to:

[0019] The front panel features a touchscreen display, an array of indicator lights, analog input buttons, a potentiometer group, and a power switch.

[0020] The left side features a simulated battery adapter port, communication port, and DIP switch;

[0021] The high-voltage source adjustment window and antenna interface on the right side;

[0022] The power input interface, cooling fan switch, and display / control adapter port are located on the back.

[0023] Top ventilation windows and carrying handle;

[0024] The bottom surface has anti-vibration pad mounting holes and / or roller mounting holes.

[0025] As a further preferred technical solution, the power management module includes:

[0026] AC power input interface;

[0027] A DC power conversion unit is used to convert AC power into at least one DC voltage output.

[0028] The independently configured first and second power supply switches are used to control the power supply to the master / slave control device and the display / control device, respectively.

[0029] A control method for a BMS simulation device based on an energy storage test teaching aid, characterized in that it includes: S1. Power-on self-test steps: After connecting the power supply, turn on the main power supply, master and slave control power supply and display control power supply in sequence. The system will automatically detect the power supply status and provide feedback through indicator lights or display screen. S2. Communication establishment steps: Connect the device under test to the corresponding communication port, and automatically establish a communication link through the internal network switch and bus line. S3. Signal simulation and testing steps: Adjust the analog signal through the potentiometer group, configure the signal matching relationship through the DIP switch, or trigger the input signal through the button; S4. Status monitoring and output steps: Monitor the signal status in real time through the signal indicator array or display screen, and output test data or fault diagnosis results.

[0030] As a further preferred technical solution, the steps of configuring the signal matching relationship through a DIP switch specifically include:

[0031] According to the test requirements, at least one DO signal is hard-wired to at least one DI signal using DIP switches. Each DO signal is only allowed to be matched with one DI signal to avoid signal conflicts.

[0032] When the main control device outputs a DO signal, the corresponding DI signal input terminal automatically receives the signal and displays the signal status in real time through the indicator array.

[0033] A fault diagnosis method for a BMS simulation device based on the aforementioned energy storage test teaching aid, characterized in that it includes: S5. Fault Scenario Configuration Steps: Based on historical fault records or test cases, determine the type of fault to be reproduced and its corresponding electrical parameter boundary conditions and signal timing relationship; S6. Signal simulation injection step: Using the simulated battery pack, temperature and voltage simulation adjustment module and DO / DI matching selection circuit, simulated abnormal voltage, abnormal temperature or abnormal digital signal is output to the device under test according to the boundary conditions. S7. Status monitoring and response capture steps: During the signal injection process, the DI / DO signal status, communication messages and power supply status of the device under test are collected in real time, and the response behavior of the device under test to the abnormal signals is captured.

[0034] As a further preferred technical solution, it also includes: S8. Fault Reproduction Judgment Step: Compare the captured response behavior with the expected fault response logic. If they match, the fault reproduction is successful. Otherwise, adjust the simulation parameters and return to step S6 to continue injection. S9. Diagnostic Conclusion Output Steps: Record the type of fault that was successfully reproduced, the triggering conditions, and the actual response results of the device under test, and generate a fault diagnosis report or maintenance suggestions.

[0035] As a further preferred technical solution, the abnormal signal is one or more of the following combinations: abnormal single cell voltage output through the simulated battery adapter port, abnormal NTC temperature signal adjusted by a potentiometer, abnormal DI signal triggered by a manual signal simulated input button, or abnormal group terminal voltage adjusted by a high voltage source adjustment window.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) High testing efficiency: All functional modules are integrated into one, eliminating the need for frequent wiring and cable replacement. It supports the rapid access and parallel testing of multiple models of master control, slave control, and display control devices, significantly shortening the test preparation time. (2) Easy to operate: All operating components are centrally arranged on the front panel, and the interface labels are clear. Testers do not need to frequently go back and forth to check different modules, which reduces the requirements for operating experience. (3) Safe and reliable: The high-voltage regulation area is equipped with a protective cover plate, and the heat dissipation window is equipped with a protective net. The internal layout is reasonable, which effectively reduces the safety risks such as accidental high-voltage contact, overheating, and foreign object entry. (4) Strong scalability: The left side is reserved with a variety of communication interfaces and expansion ports, and the internal network switch is integrated, which can flexibly adapt to different models of the device under test without rebuilding the test environment. (5) Easy to move: The whole machine adopts a closed chassis structure, with a handle on the top and wheels on the bottom, making it easy to move between different workstations or sites; (6) Easy to maintain: Each functional module is divided into areas, the fault location is clear, and the replacement of parts is simple. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall architecture of the BMS simulation device for an energy storage testing teaching aid according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] I. Overall Structural Layout and Functional Zoning

[0040] Please see Figure 1 This embodiment provides a BMS simulation device for an energy storage testing teaching aid, which adopts a closed sheet metal chassis with a rectangular shape. The six sides of the chassis each serve as different functional zones, as detailed below:

[0041] The front panel is the main human-machine interface, integrating a touchscreen for display and control (ESMU), a master / slave display DIDO signal indicator array, physical buttons for DI signal analog input, a potentiometer group, and a power switch. The potentiometer group can separately adjust the NTC temperature signals of the master and slave controllers, as well as the group terminal voltage of the second master controller. The power switch is divided into a red rocker-shaped master / slave controller power switch and a green rocker-shaped display controller power switch, enabling separate power control for the master / slave controller and the display controller. After power-on, the touchscreen supports external touch operation for displaying test status and receiving operation commands.

[0042] The left side is the signal and communication interface expansion panel, which centrally houses the analog battery adapter port, master / slave communication port, programming interface, and reserved expansion interfaces. The analog battery adapter port consists of a 13-pin terminal and a 6-pin terminal. The rightmost terminal of the 13-pin terminal is the total negative of the analog battery pack, and the leftmost terminal of the 6-pin terminal is the total positive of the analog battery pack. It integrates 18 series-connected analog batteries. This side also features DIP switches for DO and DI matching selection of master controllers #1 and #2, a DO pulse detection DIP switch, and signal display indicator lights.

[0043] The right side is the high-voltage regulation and antenna interface side, with an openable and closable acrylic cover for the high-voltage source adjustment window. Removing the cover allows adjustment of the high-voltage source output parameters; after adjustment, the cover should be replaced to prevent accidental contact with the high-voltage interface. This side also has the main control antenna port.

[0044] The back panel features power input and thermal management, including a 220VAC power socket, main power switch, cooling fan switch, LAN port adapter for display control, and USB port adapter for display control. The cooling fan power switch is switched on to the left, illuminating a red indicator light inside the switch, and the fan operates from the inside out.

[0045] The top surface serves as both a heat dissipation and carrying surface, featuring a protective ventilation window with a fine-mesh wire mesh to prevent foreign objects from falling in. It also includes a carrying handle, a main control antenna port, and a display / control 4G antenna port. The bottom surface has anti-vibration pad mounting holes and caster mounting holes to adapt to different usage scenarios.

[0046] II. Detailed Explanation of Core Functional Modules

[0047] 1. Analog battery and voltage output module

[0048] The chassis houses an 18-cell series-connected analog battery pack with a total output voltage of approximately 60V, accessible via 13-pin and 6-pin terminals on the left side for external parallel expansion. It also integrates a 3.3V regulated output module to provide stable power for low-voltage signal simulation. A high-voltage DC power interface is located on the right side of the chassis, allowing for the simulation of the battery pack's terminal voltage using an external high-voltage source.

[0049] 2. DO / DI signal matching and detection circuit

[0050] One of the core circuits of this device is the DO / DI matching selection circuit. This circuit uses DIP switches to achieve hard-wired matching between each DO signal and a designated DI signal. The specific logic is as follows:

[0051] When DO is a high-level output, the corresponding DIH signal can be pulled high via a DIP switch, making DIH valid; simultaneously, the corresponding DIL signal is input low through a level conversion circuit, making DIL valid. When DO is a low-level output, the DIH signal is converted from low to high through the level conversion circuit, making DIH valid, while the DIL signal is directly pulled low by DO, thus becoming valid.

[0052] It should be noted that this device itself does not have isolation capabilities, but the DO and DI interfaces of the module under test (such as the BMS module) used to build the test environment are isolated. Therefore, the overall security of the test system is ensured by the isolation design of the module under test itself. Each DO signal is only allowed to match one type of DI signal to avoid signal interference.

[0053] In addition, this device is equipped with a pulse detection and indication unit, supporting real-time detection of high / low level pulses, and features LED indicators and a physical reset button. All DO / DI signals have corresponding independent LED indicators, providing real-time feedback on signal status. The front panel has physical buttons supporting manual analog input of DI signals for easy functional testing.

[0054] 3. Multi-protocol communication module

[0055] This device integrates multiple communication interfaces such as CAN, 485, LAN, USB, and RS232, supporting flexible networking between master, slave, and display controllers. The left side features a master communication terminal block with interfaces for CAN, 485, and 24V power supply, supporting parallel expansion.

[0056] The chassis integrates a network switch, enabling interconnection between the display control LAN2 port and the dual main control LAN ports. All interfaces are clearly labeled with silkscreen markings to prevent misconnection. It should be noted that this device itself does not have a communication protocol adaptive or matching mechanism; the external interfaces actually connect to the internally installed BMS module under test. If the communication protocol of the external expansion module (such as a GT product) is compatible with the internal BMS module, the internal BMS module will automatically identify and process the data; if data processing according to the actual project requirements is needed, the corresponding project program must be flashed onto the internal BMS module.

[0057] 4. Temperature and voltage analog regulation module

[0058] This device is equipped with a multi-channel potentiometer group, which is used to simulate the NTC temperature signals of the master control T0-T3 and the slave control acquisition channels. When the potentiometer is rotated to the left, the resistance increases and the simulated temperature decreases; when rotated to the right, the resistance decreases and the simulated temperature increases.

[0059] The right side features a high-voltage source adjustment window, which houses the high-voltage source operation interface. The output voltage can be directly adjusted to control the group terminal voltage of the first main controller. It also includes a voltage difference simulation function; by adjusting the group terminal voltage of the second main controller via a potentiometer, it simulates the voltage difference between the two main controller groups, meeting the requirements for voltage consistency testing.

[0060] 5. Power Management and Cooling System

[0061] The chassis houses a built-in 24V switching power supply, providing power to the master controller, slave controllers, and display controller. An independent power switch allows for separate power control for the master / slave controller and the display controller. A cooling fan is mounted on the rear, directing airflow from the inside out, forming an airflow channel with the top ventilation window. The fan switch integrates a status indicator light.

[0062] III. Typical Test Process Example

[0063] When in use, this device is internally equipped with the BMS module under test (master controller, slave controller, and display controller). The device itself provides interface output and signal simulation functions. The specific power-on and control procedures depend on the software strategy of the actual project. The DO and DI point strategies vary from project to project, and this device does not have a fixed specific procedure. The following only uses a specific project as an example to illustrate the typical operation mode of this device, and is not intended to limit the protection scope of this device.

[0064] Example 1: Matching test between main control DO signal and DI signal

[0065] Connect the main control module under test to the corresponding communication port on the left side. According to project requirements, use the DIP switch to select DO1H and DI2L for matching. When the main control outputs a high-level signal to DO1H, the internal circuitry of the device pulls the corresponding DI2L signal high via the DIP switch. DI2L is active, the corresponding indicator light illuminates, and the host computer displays "DI2L active." If a simulated DI signal is needed, the corresponding physical button on the front can be pressed directly to simulate an external input triggering the DI signal.

[0066] Example 2: Simulation of Power-On Pre-Charging Process

[0067] In a real-world project, the power-on procedure for the BMS module requires the following: after the data collected by the slave controller is normal and there are no fault alarms, the pre-charge and total negative terminals are closed (corresponding to valid DO3 and DO2 outputs). If the pre-charge voltage is normal and the feedback points (DI3 and DI2) are valid, then DO2 is disconnected, the total positive DO1 relay is closed, and the equipment is powered on.

[0068] Users can configure the matching relationship between DO and DI using DIP switches on this device, simulate DI feedback signals using the front buttons, and observe the DO output status using the indicator light array. This allows for a complete simulation of the field power-on logic in a laboratory environment, verifying the correctness of the BMS module's control strategy. The entire process requires no actual high-voltage battery pack setup or connection of relays and contactors; a single person can complete the environment setup and fault simulation tasks that would otherwise require multiple people.

[0069] Based on practical applications, by adopting the above structure and method, this device can reduce reliance on actual BMS equipment and lower the risk of equipment damage due to fault simulation. Verified in actual projects, compared to traditional distributed testing solutions, this device can reduce the testing cost per project by more than 30%, transform the on-site environment setup and fault simulation tasks from multi-person collaboration to single-person independent completion, shorten preparation time by approximately 70%, and reduce the overall fault diagnosis cycle by more than 50%, effectively accelerating fault recovery and power plant reactivation.

[0070] IV. Fault Simulation and Diagnosis Process

[0071] This device also supports the reproduction and diagnostic analysis of historical faults. The specific operation procedure is as follows:

[0072] Step S5: Fault Scenario Configuration. Based on historical fault records or test cases, first determine the type of fault to be reproduced, such as abnormal battery pack voltage, excessively high temperature sampling, communication interruption, or false triggering of DI signals. For the selected fault type, further clarify the corresponding electrical parameter boundary conditions and signal timing relationships. For example, simulate a single cell voltage in the battery pack exceeding the protection threshold, adjust the NTC temperature simulation potentiometer to the abnormally high temperature range corresponding to the resistance value, or establish an abnormal matching relationship between a specific DO signal and DI signal through a DIP switch.

[0073] Step S6: Signal Simulation Injection. Utilizing the integrated simulated battery pack, temperature and voltage simulation adjustment module, and DO / DI matching selection circuit of this device, simulated abnormal signals are output to the tested BMS master, slave, or display control device according to the parameter boundary conditions determined in Step S5. Specific operation methods include: outputting abnormal single-cell voltage values ​​through the simulated battery adapter port on the left side; adjusting the NTC temperature signal to an abnormal value by rotating the potentiometer; actively triggering DI high-level or low-level abnormal signals by configuring the physical buttons or DIP switches on the front side; or adjusting the group terminal voltage of the first master controller to an overvoltage or undervoltage state through the high-voltage source adjustment window.

[0074] Step S7: Status Monitoring and Response Capture. During signal injection, the status changes of the DI / DO signals of the device under test are observed in real time through the front-facing signal indicator array. Simultaneously, communication messages and power supply status are monitored via the display touchscreen or host computer software. This device continuously records the response behavior of the device under test to the abnormal signals, including whether a fault alarm is issued, whether protective actions are executed (such as disconnecting the main positive relay), and whether a fault code is reported.

[0075] Step S8: Fault Reproduction Judgment. The captured response behavior is compared with the expected fault response logic. If the actual response is consistent with the expectation, the fault type is determined to be successfully reproduced; if they are inconsistent, the simulation parameters are adjusted according to the actual situation (such as adjusting the amplitude, duration, or timing relationship of the abnormal signal), and the process returns to step S6 to continue injection until the fault is successfully reproduced or the maximum number of attempts is reached.

[0076] Step S9: Diagnostic Conclusion Output records the successfully reproduced fault type, triggering conditions, and actual response results of the tested equipment, generating a fault diagnosis report or maintenance recommendations. This report can be used to guide on-site maintenance personnel to quickly locate the root cause of the problem or to verify the effectiveness of the BMS protection strategy. Through the above fault simulation and diagnosis process, this device can safely and efficiently reproduce various faults that actually occur in the field in a laboratory environment, reducing dependence on the real high-voltage environment and significantly reducing the trial-and-error costs and safety risks of fault reproduction.

[0077] Through the above-mentioned fault simulation and diagnosis process, this device can safely and efficiently reproduce various faults that actually occur on-site in a laboratory environment, reducing dependence on real high-voltage environments and significantly reducing the trial-and-error costs and safety risks of fault reproduction.

[0078] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A BMS simulation device for an energy storage testing teaching aid, characterized in that, include: Enclosed chassis; A simulated battery pack is installed inside the chassis; A signal simulation and detection unit is disposed inside or on the surface of the chassis and is used to generate or detect digital input and output signals; A multi-protocol communication module is located inside the chassis and supports at least two different communication protocols; The power management module, located inside the chassis, is used to supply power to the external device under test; Multiple functional interface areas are provided on different surfaces of the chassis. Each interface area is physically separated from the others and undertakes different types of external interaction functions.

2. The BMS simulation device of the energy storage test teaching aid according to claim 1, characterized in that, The signal simulation and detection unit includes: The DO / DI matching selection circuit uses a DIP switch to achieve hard-wired matching between each DO signal and a specified DI signal. The pulse detection and indication unit is used to detect high-level or low-level pulses and output an indication. Signal status indicator array, used to display the status of each DO / DI signal in real time; Manual signal analog input button, used to actively trigger DI signal.

3. The BMS simulation device of the energy storage test teaching aid according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a temperature and voltage simulation adjustment module, which includes a multi-channel potentiometer group, used to simulate the NTC temperature signal of the master controller and the slave controller, as well as the group terminal voltage signal of at least one master controller; when the potentiometer is rotated to the left, the resistance increases to simulate a decrease in temperature or voltage, and when rotated to the right, the resistance decreases to simulate an increase in temperature or voltage.

4. The BMS simulation device of the energy storage test teaching aid according to claim 1, characterized in that, The chassis has a hexahedral structure, and its six surfaces are respectively provided with: The front panel features a touchscreen display, an array of indicator lights, analog input buttons, a potentiometer group, and a power switch. The left side features a simulated battery adapter port, communication port, and DIP switch; The high-voltage source adjustment window and antenna interface on the right side; The power input interface, cooling fan switch, and display / control adapter port are located on the back. Top ventilation windows and carrying handle; The bottom surface has anti-vibration pad mounting holes and / or roller mounting holes.

5. The BMS simulation device of the energy storage test teaching aid according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power management module includes: AC power input interface; A DC power conversion unit is used to convert AC power into at least one DC voltage output. The independently configured first and second power supply switches are used to control the power supply to the master / slave control device and the display / control device, respectively.

6. A control method for a BMS simulation device based on an energy storage test teaching aid according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, include: S1. Power-on self-test steps: After connecting the power supply, turn on the main power supply, master and slave control power supply and display control power supply in sequence. The system will automatically detect the power supply status and provide feedback through indicator lights or display screen. S2. Communication establishment steps: Connect the device under test to the corresponding communication port, and automatically establish a communication link through the internal network switch and bus line. S3. Signal simulation and testing steps: Adjust the analog signal through the potentiometer group, configure the signal matching relationship through the DIP switch, or trigger the input signal through the button; S4. Status monitoring and output steps: Monitor the signal status in real time through the signal indicator array or display screen, and output test data or fault diagnosis results.

7. The control method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The step of configuring the signal matching relationship via the DIP switch specifically includes: According to the test requirements, at least one DO signal is hard-wired to at least one DI signal using DIP switches. Each DO signal is only allowed to be matched with one DI signal to avoid signal conflicts. When the main control device outputs a DO signal, the corresponding DI signal input terminal automatically receives the signal and displays the signal status in real time through the indicator array.

8. A fault diagnosis method for a BMS simulation device based on an energy storage test teaching aid according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, include: S5. Fault Scenario Configuration Steps: Based on historical fault records or test cases, determine the type of fault to be reproduced and its corresponding electrical parameter boundary conditions and signal timing relationship; S6. Signal simulation injection step: Using the simulated battery pack, temperature and voltage simulation adjustment module and DO / DI matching selection circuit, simulated abnormal voltage, abnormal temperature or abnormal digital signal is output to the device under test according to the boundary conditions. S7. Status monitoring and response capture steps: During the signal injection process, the DI / DO signal status, communication messages and power supply status of the device under test are collected in real time, and the response behavior of the device under test to the abnormal signals is captured.

9. The fault diagnosis method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Also includes: S8. Fault Reproduction Judgment Step: Compare the captured response behavior with the expected fault response logic. If they match, the fault reproduction is successful. Otherwise, adjust the simulation parameters and return to step S6 to continue injection. S9. Diagnostic Conclusion Output Steps: Record the type of fault that was successfully reproduced, the triggering conditions, and the actual response results of the device under test, and generate a fault diagnosis report or maintenance suggestions.

10. The fault diagnosis method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The abnormal signal is one or more of the following combinations: abnormal single cell voltage output through the simulated battery adapter port, abnormal NTC temperature signal adjusted by the potentiometer, abnormal DI signal triggered by the manual signal simulated input button, or abnormal group terminal voltage adjusted by the high voltage source adjustment window.

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