Method for monitoring and controlling displacement during construction of a dock
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202610594229.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-04-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-18
AI Technical Summary
[0005]本发明针对现有船坞施工位移监测方法的不足，提供一种船坞施工期间位移监测控制方法，实现监测流程标准化、观测数据精准化、预警处置分级化、数据管理规范化，有效掌握船坞施工过程中的结构变形规律，及时处置位移超标问题，降低施工风险，保障船坞结构安全
通过标准化布设基准点和观测点，统一观测人员、仪器、路线和环境，采用附合水准路线、后方交会法并增加多余观测数，有效降低观测误差，保证监测数据的真实性和准确性，真实反映船坞结构的变形规律。采用分级预警机制，根据船坞结构状况设定个性化的一级、二级预警值，避免单一预警的局限性；预警后及时采取增加观测频率、增设监测点、停工排查等措施，实现对结构变形的早发现、早预警、早处置，有效防止结构变形进一步发展，降低坍塌、开裂等安全事故的发生概率。打破地域和特定工况的限制，适用于各类新旧船坞的修复、改扩建、新建施工，可根据船坞使用年限、结构类型、施工工况灵活调整预警值和观测细节，适配不同工程需求。制定了从监测准备、观测实施、频率设定、分级预警到数据处理的全流程标准化操作规范，避免人为操作的随意性，提升监测工作的专业性和可操作性，便于工程技术人员执行。通过即时处理观测数据、绘制T-S可视化曲线、形成成果报告，为施工决策提供实时、有效的数据支撑；观测完成后的标准化归档，便于工程验收、后续追溯和同类工程的参考。通过精准监测和及时处置，有效控制船坞施工过程中的结构位移，既保障了施工过程中的人员、设备安全，又避免了船坞结构因过度变形产生永久性损伤，延长船坞结构的使用寿命。
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of displacement monitoring and control technology, specifically relating to a displacement monitoring and control method during dock construction. Background Technology
[0002] As a core infrastructure of port and waterway engineering, the structural stability of docks directly affects the safety of ship repair, construction, and berthing. Older docks, especially those with long service lives, are prone to structural displacement and settlement during repair work due to issues such as sheet pile corrosion, concrete aging, and reduced tie rod performance. If displacement monitoring is not timely, lacks accuracy, or early warning and response are delayed, it may lead to structural cracking and collapse of the dock, causing major safety accidents and economic losses.
[0003] Existing methods for monitoring displacement during dry dock construction have many shortcomings: First, the monitoring points lack standardization, and the benchmark points are easily affected by construction disturbances, leading to distorted observation data; Secondly, the observation process is not standardized, and the personnel, instruments, and routes are changed at will, resulting in large observation errors and failing to accurately reflect the structural deformation patterns. Third, the warning values are set too simplistically and are not tiered according to differences in dock structure and construction procedures, which can easily lead to over-warning or delayed warnings. Fourth, the monitoring data is not processed in a timely manner and lacks visualization and analysis methods, making it impossible to provide real-time and effective data support for construction decisions; Fifth, the procedures for handling excessive displacement are incomplete, and the specific requirements for work stoppage, investigation, and rectification are not clearly defined, indicating insufficient capacity for construction risk management.
[0004] Meanwhile, existing monitoring methods are mostly designed for specific regions and specific dock conditions, lacking versatility and failing to meet the monitoring needs of dock construction with different service lives and structural types. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a standardized, regulated, and hierarchical method for monitoring and controlling displacement during dock construction to improve monitoring accuracy and control efficiency, and ensure structural safety during dock construction. Summary of the Invention
[0005] This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing dock construction displacement monitoring methods by providing a displacement monitoring and control method during dock construction. This method standardizes the monitoring process, ensures accurate observation data, implements tiered early warning and response, and standardizes data management. It effectively grasps the structural deformation patterns during dock construction, promptly addresses displacement exceeding limits, reduces construction risks, and ensures the structural safety of the dock.
[0006] The present invention employs the following technical solution.
[0007] A method for displacement monitoring and control during dock construction includes: Step 1: Prepare for displacement monitoring during dock construction; Step 2: Conduct observations during the dock construction period; Step 3: Set the observation frequency for displacement monitoring during dock construction; Step 4: Implement graded early warning and handling of displacement monitoring during dock construction; Step 5: Data processing and archiving of displacement monitoring work during dock construction.
[0008] Furthermore, step 1 specifically includes: Step 1-1: Establish benchmark points for displacement monitoring during dock construction; Step 1-2: Set up observation points for displacement monitoring during dock construction.
[0009] Furthermore, step 1-1 specifically includes: Select stable areas outside the impact range of dock construction disturbance to set up displacement monitoring benchmarks. The number of displacement monitoring benchmarks shall not be less than 3, and they shall be linked with the benchmarks of the primary measurement and control network of the project.
[0010] Furthermore, steps 1-2 specifically include: Based on the dock structure type and construction sequence, prisms are fixedly installed at key locations on the dock structure as observation points. After the observation points are set up, they are marked and protected. Displacement measurements are taken before and after each construction sequence after the setup.
[0011] Furthermore, in steps 1-2, the method of fixing and installing prisms as observation points at key locations on the dock structure, based on the dock structure type and construction sequence, includes: When the dock structure is a steel sheet pile dock wall type, the use of micro prisms can reduce the risk of collisions during dock construction. The bottom of the micro prism is fixedly connected to a custom L-shaped steel base; the mating surface of the L-shaped steel base is firmly welded to the top or middle of the steel sheet pile dock wall; the micro prism is fixed to the vertical screw of the custom L-shaped steel base through a threaded interface and locked with double nuts. When the dock structure is a concrete structure, a conventional monitoring prism is selected. The bottom of the conventional monitoring prism is fixedly connected to a square steel base. A hole is drilled at the positioning point, the square steel base is fitted with bolts and the nuts are tightened. A rubber gasket is added between the square steel base and the concrete surface. The conventional monitoring prism is fixed on the central screw of the steel base. After locking, sealant is applied to the joint between the base and the concrete.
[0012] When the dock structure is a precast pile or steel pipe pile structure, an adjustable height prism is selected. The bottom of the adjustable height prism is fixedly connected to a clamp-type steel base. The clamp-type steel base is placed 50~100cm below the top of the pile and the clamp is locked with high-strength bolts. When the dock structure is a type of supporting structure for a floating dock, a wave-resistant micro prism is selected. The wave-resistant micro prism is fixed by both welding and bolts. That is, a steel base is welded to the main beam of the steel temporary bridge of the dock structure and the stable position of the cantilever arm of the shackle pile platform, and then the wave-resistant micro prism is connected to the base with bolts. Before and after each dock construction process, the prism observation points are inspected to check for looseness, displacement, or damage. If any problems are found, they are rectified in time and the points are verified. If the dock construction process requires the temporary removal of the prism, the point markings and benchmark values are remeasured before removal. After the dock construction is completed, the prism is reset according to the original markings.
[0013] Furthermore, step 2 specifically includes: Step 2-1: Conduct displacement monitoring during the dry dock construction; Step 2-2: Conduct settlement monitoring during the dock construction.
[0014] Furthermore, step 2-1 specifically includes: Planar displacement observation was conducted using the resection method. During the observation, the instrument used for the resection method was set up in a fixed position, and the backsight point of the resection method was the same.
[0015] Furthermore, step 2-2 specifically includes: Settlement observation was conducted using the geometric leveling method, and the measurement route adopted a combined leveling route from the benchmark point, the settlement observation point to another benchmark point.
[0016] Furthermore, in step 2-2, during the observation process implemented during the dock construction, the observation personnel, instruments, routes, and environment are unified. Total stations and levels are selected as the observation instruments, and calibration is completed before use.
[0017] Furthermore, in step 2-2, the initial elevation of the settlement observation points is determined within one week of their installation. The first observation is conducted with two independent measurements, and the average of the two measurements is taken as the initial settlement value. After the displacement observation points are installed, the initial coordinates are determined in real time and used as the benchmark for displacement analysis.
[0018] Furthermore, step 3 specifically includes: During the construction of the dock, routine displacement and settlement monitoring shall be conducted at a frequency of no less than four times a week until all work in the corresponding construction area is completed.
[0019] Furthermore, step 4 specifically includes: Based on specific requirements, Level 1 and Level 2 warning thresholds are set, and the specific handling procedures are as follows: When the cumulative displacement reaches the first-level warning value, the observation frequency is increased in real time, additional monitoring points are added, and the monitoring data and deformation are reported to the technical management department in a timely manner. At the same time, a special person is arranged to conduct a visual inspection around the monitoring points to check whether there are any abnormal phenomena such as cracks or bulges in the structure.
[0020] When the cumulative displacement value reaches the level two warning value, all work in the corresponding construction area shall be stopped in real time, and technical personnel shall be organized to conduct a comprehensive investigation into the cause of the displacement; and specific rectification measures shall be formulated for the causes found.
[0021] Furthermore, step 5 specifically includes: After each observation is completed, the original observation data is promptly organized and verified, abnormal data is removed, the displacement and settlement of each observation point are calculated, and a time-displacement curve is plotted to intuitively reflect the structural deformation trend. At the same time, an observation results report is generated and submitted to the relevant departments of supervision and construction management. Once the dock construction is completed and the observation work is finished, a complete monitoring report will be prepared, including but not limited to: displacement observation results table, settlement observation results table, time-displacement curve, monitoring layout plan, observation instructions, and early warning and response records; all original observation data, results reports, and drawings will be digitized and archived in both electronic and paper formats.
[0022] Furthermore, for old docks that have been built for more than 50 years, their structural performance has deteriorated significantly, with a first-level warning value of 35-39 mm and a second-level warning value of 50-56 mm; for old docks that have not been built for more than 50 years, the warning value should be appropriately increased according to the structural design requirements.
[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows, compared with the prior art: By standardizing the layout of benchmark points and observation points, unifying observation personnel, instruments, routes, and environments, and employing compliant leveling routes, resection methods, and additional redundant observations, observation errors are effectively reduced, ensuring the authenticity and accuracy of monitoring data and truly reflecting the deformation patterns of the dock structure. A tiered early warning mechanism is adopted, setting personalized first- and second-level warning values based on the dock's structural condition to avoid the limitations of a single warning. After an early warning, timely measures such as increasing observation frequency, adding monitoring points, and halting work for investigation are taken to achieve early detection, early warning, and early intervention of structural deformation, effectively preventing further development of structural deformation and reducing the probability of safety accidents such as collapse and cracking. Breaking the limitations of geographical location and specific working conditions, it is applicable to the repair, renovation, expansion, and new construction of various new and old docks. Warning values and observation details can be flexibly adjusted according to the dock's service life, structural type, and construction conditions to adapt to different project needs. Standardized operating procedures have been developed for the entire process from monitoring preparation, observation implementation, frequency setting, tiered early warning to data processing, avoiding the arbitrariness of human operation, improving the professionalism and operability of monitoring work, and facilitating execution by engineering technicians. By processing observation data in real time, plotting TS visualization curves, and generating results reports, real-time and effective data support is provided for construction decisions. Standardized archiving after observation facilitates project acceptance, subsequent traceability, and reference for similar projects. Through precise monitoring and timely intervention, structural displacement during dock construction is effectively controlled, ensuring the safety of personnel and equipment during construction, preventing permanent damage to the dock structure due to excessive deformation, and extending the service life of the dock structure. Attached Figure Description
[0024] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the displacement monitoring and control method during dock construction in this invention. Detailed Implementation
[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this invention. The embodiments described in this application are merely some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the spirit of this invention, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are all within the protection scope of this invention.
[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention proposes a displacement monitoring and control method during dock construction, comprising: Step 1: Prepare for displacement monitoring during dock construction; In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, step 1 specifically includes: Step 1-1: Establish benchmark points for displacement monitoring during dock construction; In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, step 1-1 specifically includes: Displacement monitoring benchmarks should be established in stable areas outside the impact zone of dock construction disturbance. There should be no fewer than three benchmarks, and they should be linked to the benchmarks in the primary measurement control network of the project to ensure the consistency of measurement benchmarks. Protective measures must be implemented at the benchmarks to prevent human-caused damage and natural settlement. Dock construction disturbance includes excavation, piling, and chiseling.
[0027] Step 1-2: Set up observation points for displacement monitoring during dock construction.
[0028] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, steps 1-2 specifically include: Based on the dock structure type and construction sequence, prisms are fixedly installed at key locations on the dock structure as observation points. After the observation points are set up, they are marked and protected. Displacement measurements are taken before and after each construction sequence after the setup to ensure monitoring of the entire construction process.
[0029] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, the method of fixing and installing prisms as observation points at key locations of the dock structure in steps 1-2, according to the dock structure type and construction sequence, includes: When the dock structure is a steel sheet pile dock wall type, the use of micro prisms can reduce the risk of collisions during dock construction. The bottom of the micro prism is fixedly connected to a custom L-shaped steel base; the mating surface of the L-shaped steel base is firmly welded to the top or middle of the steel sheet pile dock wall; the micro prism is fixed to the vertical screw of the custom L-shaped steel base through a threaded interface and locked with double nuts to prevent loosening caused by construction vibration. When the dock structure is a concrete structure, a conventional monitoring prism is selected. The bottom of the conventional monitoring prism is fixedly connected to a square steel base. A hole is drilled at the positioning point, the square steel base is fitted with bolts and the nuts are tightened. A rubber gasket is added between the square steel base and the concrete surface to improve the sealing. The conventional monitoring prism is fixed on the central screw of the steel base. After locking, sealant is applied to the joint between the base and the concrete to prevent rainwater and seawater from seeping in and causing the bolts to loosen.
[0030] When the dock structure is a precast pile or steel pipe pile structure, an adjustable height prism is selected. The bottom of the adjustable height prism is fixedly connected to a clamp-type steel base. The clamp-type steel base is placed 50-100cm below the top of the pile and the clamp is locked with high-strength bolts to ensure that the base fits the pile body without gaps. For steel pipe piles, a rubber pad can be added to the inside of the clamp to prevent slippage and damage to the pile body. When the dock structure is a type of supporting structure for floating docks, anti-wind and wave micro prisms are selected to meet the anti-disturbance requirements of offshore / waterfront construction. The anti-wind and wave micro prisms are fixed by welding and bolts. That is, steel bases are welded to stable positions such as the main beam of the steel temporary bridge and the cantilever arm of the shackle pile platform of the dock structure, and then the anti-wind and wave micro prisms are connected to the bases with bolts. The double fixation improves the resistance to wind and waves and vibration. Before and after each dock construction process, the prism observation points are inspected to check for looseness, displacement, or damage. If any problems are found, they are rectified in time and the points are verified. If the dock construction process requires the temporary removal of the prism, the point markings and benchmark values are remeasured before removal. After the dock construction is completed, the prism is accurately reset according to the original markings.
[0031] Step 2: Conduct observations during the dock construction period; In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, step 2 specifically includes: Step 2-1: Conduct displacement monitoring during the dry dock construction; In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, step 2-1 specifically includes: Planar displacement observations were conducted using the resection method. During observations, the instrument setup for the resection method was fixed, and the backsight points used in the resection method were the same to avoid observation errors caused by instrument relocation or changes in backsight points. Additional observations were added during the observation process to improve data accuracy.
[0032] Step 2-2: Conduct settlement monitoring during the dock construction.
[0033] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, step 2-2 specifically includes: Settlement observation was conducted using geometric leveling. The measurement route followed a traverse from a benchmark point to another benchmark point to ensure the closure of the observation data. The benchmark points for settlement observation were preferentially used from the benchmark points of the primary measurement control network of the project to ensure the uniformity of the elevation benchmark.
[0034] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, in step 2-2, the observation personnel, instruments, routes and environment are unified during the observation process during the dock construction. High-precision total stations and levels are selected as the observation instruments, and they are calibrated before use. Observations are carried out in sunny and stable weather conditions, avoiding severe weather such as strong winds, heavy rain, and high temperatures.
[0035] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, in step 2-2, the initial elevation of the settlement observation point is determined within one week of its installation, and the first observation is conducted with two independent measurements, and the average of the two measurements is taken as the initial settlement value; after the displacement observation point is installed, the initial coordinates are determined in real time as the benchmark for displacement analysis.
[0036] Step 3: Set the observation frequency for displacement monitoring during dock construction; In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, step 3 specifically includes: During the construction of the dock, routine displacement and settlement monitoring shall be conducted at a frequency of no less than four times per week until all work in the corresponding construction area is completed. If abnormal structural deformation or large disturbance of the surrounding soil occurs during the construction process, the monitoring frequency may be increased in advance.
[0037] Step 4: Implement graded early warning and handling of displacement monitoring during dock construction; In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, step 4 specifically includes: Based on specific requirements, Level 1 and Level 2 warning thresholds are set, and the specific handling procedures are as follows: When the cumulative displacement reaches the first-level warning value, the observation frequency is increased in real time (e.g., daily observation), monitoring points are added, and the monitoring data and deformation are reported to the technical management department in a timely manner. At the same time, a special person is arranged to conduct a visual inspection around the monitoring points to check whether there are any abnormal phenomena such as cracks or bulges in the structure.
[0038] When the cumulative displacement value reaches the level II warning value, all work in the corresponding construction area shall be stopped immediately, and technical personnel shall be organized to conduct a comprehensive investigation into the cause of the displacement, such as improper construction technology, excessive construction load, disturbance of surrounding soil, aging of the original structure, etc. For the causes identified, specific rectification measures shall be formulated (such as adjusting construction technology, reducing construction load, and reinforcing soil / structure). Construction may only resume after the monitoring data has been verified to be stable for several consecutive days and the structural deformation has no further development trend, and after approval by the technical management department.
[0039] Step 5: Data processing and archiving of displacement monitoring work during dock construction.
[0040] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, step 5 specifically includes: After each observation is completed, the original observation data is promptly organized and verified, abnormal data is removed, the displacement and settlement of each observation point are calculated, and a time-displacement (TS) curve is plotted to intuitively reflect the structural deformation trend. At the same time, an observation results report is generated and submitted to relevant departments such as supervision and construction management. Once the dock construction is completed and the observation work is finished, a complete monitoring report will be prepared, including but not limited to: displacement observation results table, settlement observation results table, time-displacement (TS) curve, monitoring layout plan, observation instructions, early warning and response records, etc. All original observation data, results reports, and drawings will be digitized and archived in paper form to facilitate subsequent traceability and project acceptance.
[0041] In a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, for old docks that have been built for more than 50 years, their structural performance deteriorates significantly, and the first-level warning value can be 35~39mm, and the second-level warning value can be 50~56mm; for old docks that have not been built for more than 50 years, the warning value can be appropriately increased according to the structural design requirements.
[0042] When the displacement is found to be caused by improper construction techniques (such as soil displacement due to pile driving or excessive lateral pressure during concrete pouring), the construction techniques need to be adjusted in a timely manner. For example, pre-drilling can be used to reduce the soil displacement effect of pile driving, and the concrete pouring speed and single pouring height can be controlled. When the cause is disturbance of the surrounding soil, the soil needs to be reinforced (such as grouting, laying ballast and compacting). When the cause is aging of the original structure, the structure needs to be reinforced in advance (such as rebar installation and adding tie rods).
[0043] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows, compared with the prior art: By standardizing the layout of benchmark points and observation points, unifying observation personnel, instruments, routes, and environments, and employing compliant leveling routes, resection methods, and additional redundant observations, observation errors are effectively reduced, ensuring the authenticity and accuracy of monitoring data and truly reflecting the deformation patterns of the dock structure. A tiered early warning mechanism is adopted, setting personalized first- and second-level warning values based on the dock's structural condition to avoid the limitations of a single warning. After an early warning, timely measures such as increasing observation frequency, adding monitoring points, and halting work for investigation are taken to achieve early detection, early warning, and early intervention of structural deformation, effectively preventing further development of structural deformation and reducing the probability of safety accidents such as collapse and cracking. Breaking the limitations of geographical location and specific working conditions, it is applicable to the repair, renovation, expansion, and new construction of various new and old docks. Warning values and observation details can be flexibly adjusted according to the dock's service life, structural type, and construction conditions to adapt to different project needs. Standardized operating procedures have been developed for the entire process from monitoring preparation, observation implementation, frequency setting, tiered early warning to data processing, avoiding the arbitrariness of human operation, improving the professionalism and operability of monitoring work, and facilitating execution by engineering technicians. By processing observation data in real time, plotting TS visualization curves, and generating results reports, real-time and effective data support is provided for construction decisions. Standardized archiving after observation facilitates project acceptance, subsequent traceability, and reference for similar projects. Through precise monitoring and timely intervention, structural displacement during dock construction is effectively controlled, ensuring the safety of personnel and equipment during construction, preventing permanent damage to the dock structure due to excessive deformation, and extending the service life of the dock structure.
[0044] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for displacement monitoring and control during dock construction, characterized in that, include: Step 1: Prepare for displacement monitoring during dock construction; Step 2: Conduct observations during the dock construction period; Step 3: Set the observation frequency for displacement monitoring during dock construction; Step 4: Implement graded early warning and handling of displacement monitoring during dock construction; Step 5: Data processing and archiving of displacement monitoring work during dock construction.
2. The displacement monitoring and control method during dock construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 1 specifically includes: Step 1-1: Establish benchmark points for displacement monitoring during dock construction; Step 1-2: Set up observation points for displacement monitoring during dock construction.
3. The displacement monitoring and control method during dock construction according to claim 2, characterized in that, Step 1-1 specifically includes: Select stable areas outside the impact range of dock construction disturbance to set up displacement monitoring benchmarks. The number of displacement monitoring benchmarks shall not be less than 3, and they shall be linked with the benchmarks of the primary measurement control network of the project. Steps 1-2 specifically include: Based on the dock structure type and construction sequence, prisms are fixedly installed at key locations on the dock structure as observation points. After the observation points are set up, they are marked and protected. Displacement measurements are taken before and after each construction sequence after the setup. In steps 1-2, the method of fixing and installing prisms as observation points at key locations on the dock structure, based on the dock structure type and construction sequence, includes: When the dock structure is a steel sheet pile dock wall type, the use of micro prisms can reduce the risk of collisions during dock construction. The bottom of the micro prism is fixedly connected to a custom L-shaped steel base; the mating surface of the L-shaped steel base is firmly welded to the top or middle of the steel sheet pile dock wall; the micro prism is fixed to the vertical screw of the custom L-shaped steel base through a threaded interface and locked with double nuts. When the dock structure is a concrete structure, a conventional monitoring prism is selected. The bottom of the conventional monitoring prism is fixedly connected to a square steel base. A hole is drilled at the positioning point, the square steel base is fitted with bolts and the nuts are tightened. A rubber gasket is added between the square steel base and the concrete surface. The conventional monitoring prism is fixed on the central screw of the steel base. After locking, sealant is applied to the joint between the base and the concrete. When the dock structure is a precast pile or steel pipe pile structure, an adjustable height prism is selected. The bottom of the adjustable height prism is fixedly connected to a clamp-type steel base. The clamp-type steel base is placed 50~100cm below the top of the pile and the clamp is locked with high-strength bolts. When the dock structure is a type of supporting structure for a floating dock, a wave-resistant micro prism is selected. The wave-resistant micro prism is fixed by both welding and bolts. That is, a steel base is welded to the main beam of the steel temporary bridge of the dock structure and the stable position of the cantilever arm of the shackle pile platform, and then the wave-resistant micro prism is connected to the base with bolts. Before and after each dock construction process, the prism observation points are inspected to check for looseness, displacement, or damage. If any problems are found, they are rectified in time and the points are verified. If the dock construction process requires the temporary removal of the prism, the point markings and benchmark values are remeasured before removal. After the dock construction is completed, the prism is reset according to the original markings.
4. The displacement monitoring and control method during dock construction according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step 2 specifically includes: Step 2-1: Conduct displacement monitoring during the dry dock construction; Step 2-2: Conduct settlement monitoring during the dock construction.
5. The displacement monitoring and control method during dock construction according to claim 4, characterized in that, Step 2-1 specifically includes: Planar displacement observation was conducted using the resection method. During the observation, the instrument setup position for the resection method was fixed, and the backsight point of the resection method was the same. Step 2-2 specifically includes: Settlement observation was conducted using geometric leveling, with the measurement route consisting of a traverse leveling route from a benchmark point, a settlement observation point to another benchmark point. In step 2-2, during the observation process during the dock construction, the observation personnel, instruments, routes, and environment are unified. Total stations and levels are selected as the observation instruments, and they are calibrated before use.
6. The displacement monitoring and control method during dock construction according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step 2-2, the initial elevation of the settlement observation points is determined within one week of their installation. The first observation is conducted with two independent measurements, and the average of the two measurements is taken as the initial settlement value. After the displacement observation points are installed, the initial coordinates are determined in real time and used as the benchmark for displacement analysis.
7. The displacement monitoring and control method during dock construction according to claim 6, characterized in that, Step 3 specifically includes: During the construction of the dock, routine displacement and settlement monitoring shall be conducted at a frequency of no less than four times a week until all work in the corresponding construction area is completed.
8. The displacement monitoring and control method during dock construction according to claim 7, characterized in that, Step 4 specifically includes: Based on specific requirements, Level 1 and Level 2 warning thresholds are set, and the specific handling procedures are as follows: When the cumulative displacement reaches the first-level warning value, the observation frequency is increased in real time, additional monitoring points are added, and the monitoring data and deformation are reported to the technical management department in a timely manner; at the same time, a special person is arranged to conduct a patrol and visual inspection around the monitoring points to check whether there are any cracks or abnormal bulges in the structure. When the cumulative displacement value reaches the level two warning value, all work in the corresponding construction area shall be stopped in real time, and technical personnel shall be organized to conduct a comprehensive investigation into the cause of the displacement; and specific rectification measures shall be formulated for the causes found.
9. The displacement monitoring and control method during dock construction according to claim 8, characterized in that, Step 5 specifically includes: After each observation is completed, the original observation data is promptly organized and verified, abnormal data is removed, the displacement and settlement of each observation point are calculated, and a time-displacement curve is plotted to intuitively reflect the structural deformation trend. At the same time, an observation results report is generated and submitted to the relevant departments of supervision and construction management. Once the dock construction is completed and the observation work is finished, a complete monitoring report will be prepared, including but not limited to: displacement observation results table, settlement observation results table, time-displacement curve, monitoring layout plan, observation instructions, and early warning and response records; all original observation data, results reports, and drawings will be digitized and archived in both electronic and paper formats.
10. The displacement monitoring and control method during dock construction according to claim 9, characterized in that, For old docks that have been built for more than 50 years, their structural performance has deteriorated significantly. The first-level warning value is 35-39 mm, and the second-level warning value is 50-56 mm. For old docks that have not been built for more than 50 years, the warning value should be appropriately increased according to the structural design requirements.