A control method of an agricultural photovoltaic system and related products

Abstract

This application discloses a control method and related products for an agricultural photovoltaic system. The method includes: acquiring photosynthetic physiological parameters corresponding to the growth stage of the target crop; acquiring the average total irradiance of the module surface and the average photosynthetically active radiation on the ground for any tilt angle within the tilt angle range of the photovoltaic support; determining the instantaneous fitness function value corresponding to the tilt angle based on the photosynthetic physiological parameters; determining the power generation efficiency function value corresponding to the tilt angle based on the average total irradiance and maximum irradiance of the module surface; obtaining a comprehensive evaluation function value for the tilt angle based on the instantaneous fitness function value and the power generation efficiency function value; determining the target tilt angle corresponding to the largest comprehensive evaluation function value based on the comprehensive evaluation function values ​​for each tilt angle; and controlling the photovoltaic support according to the target tilt angle, thereby achieving a dynamic optimal allocation of light resources between photosynthesis and energy production, and improving the comprehensive land output benefits of the agricultural-photovoltaic complementary system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of agricultural photovoltaic technology, and in particular to a control method for an agricultural photovoltaic system and related products. Background Technology

[0002] Agricultural photovoltaic systems combine crop cultivation and photovoltaic power generation on the same piece of land. By dynamically adjusting the tilt angle of photovoltaic modules, the distribution of solar radiation between crop photosynthesis and energy production is optimized to achieve a composite utilization model that maximizes the comprehensive output benefits of the land.

[0003] In related technologies, the tilt angle of photovoltaic modules is usually designed as a fixed angle or simply tracked based on the sun's position. These technologies suffer from three main drawbacks: First, the fixed tilt angle results in a constant shading ratio of the photovoltaic array to the ground, failing to adapt to the dynamic light requirements of crops at different growth stages and times of day. Second, the solar tracking control strategy aims only to maximize photovoltaic power generation, ignoring the physiological needs of crops for photosynthetically active radiation, potentially leading to excessive shading or insufficient light, thus reducing agricultural yields. Third, existing systems lack real-time sensing and utilization of crop physiological parameters, making it impossible to dynamically adjust the module tilt angle according to the actual light requirements of the crops, resulting in poor agricultural-solar complementarity and difficulty in improving overall land productivity.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a control method that can comprehensively consider crop physiological needs and power generation efficiency, and optimize the tilt angle of photovoltaic supports in real time, so as to achieve synergistic benefits between agriculture and photovoltaics. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a control method for an agricultural photovoltaic system, achieving synergistic effects between agriculture and photovoltaics.

[0006] The embodiments of this application disclose the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a control method for an agricultural photovoltaic system, the method comprising: Obtain the effective range of photosynthetic radiation, light saturation point, and light compensation point corresponding to the growth stage of the target crop; For any tilt angle within the tilt angle range of the photovoltaic support, the average total irradiance of the module surface and the average photosynthetically active radiation on the ground corresponding to the tilt angle are obtained; based on the average photosynthetically active radiation on the ground, the target effective photosynthetic radiation range, the light saturation point, and the light compensation point, the instantaneous fitness function value corresponding to the tilt angle is determined; based on the average total irradiance of the module surface and the maximum irradiance of the module surface, the power generation efficiency function value corresponding to the tilt angle is determined; based on the instantaneous fitness function value and the power generation efficiency function value, the comprehensive evaluation function value for the tilt angle is obtained. Based on the comprehensive evaluation function value corresponding to each tilt angle, determine the target tilt angle corresponding to the largest comprehensive evaluation function value, and control the photovoltaic support according to the target tilt angle.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the effective photosynthetic radiation range, light saturation point, and light compensation point corresponding to the growth stage of the target crop are obtained, including: Obtain the target daily accumulated photosynthetic effective radiation range, target photosynthetic effective radiation range, light saturation point, and light compensation point corresponding to the growth stage of the target crop; For any tilt angle within the tilt angle range of the photovoltaic support, obtain the average total irradiance of the module surface and the average photosynthetically active radiation on the ground corresponding to the tilt angle; determine the instantaneous fitness function value corresponding to the tilt angle based on the average photosynthetically active radiation on the ground, the target effective photosynthetically active radiation range, the light saturation point, and the light compensation point; determine the power generation efficiency function value corresponding to the tilt angle based on the average total irradiance of the module surface and the maximum irradiance of the module surface; obtain the comprehensive evaluation function value for the tilt angle based on the instantaneous fitness function value and the power generation efficiency function value, including: For any tilt angle within the tilt angle range of the photovoltaic support, the average total irradiance of the module surface and the average photosynthetically active radiation on the ground corresponding to the tilt angle are obtained; based on the average photosynthetically active radiation on the ground, the target effective photosynthetically active radiation range, the light saturation point, and the light compensation point, the instantaneous fitness function value corresponding to the tilt angle is determined; based on the average total irradiance of the module surface and the maximum irradiance of the module surface, the power generation efficiency function value corresponding to the tilt angle is determined; based on the target daily accumulated effective photosynthetically active radiation range and the average photosynthetically active radiation on the ground, the weights of the instantaneous fitness function and the power generation efficiency function are determined; based on the instantaneous fitness function value, the power generation efficiency function value, the weights of the instantaneous fitness function and the power generation efficiency function, a comprehensive evaluation of the tilt angle is obtained.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the instantaneous fitness function value corresponding to the tilt angle is determined based on the ground-average photosynthetically active radiation, the target photosynthetically active radiation range, the light saturation point, and the light compensation point, including: When the average photosynthetically active radiation at ground level is less than the light compensation point, the instantaneous fitness function value is 0; when the average photosynthetically active radiation at ground level is greater than or equal to the lower limit of the target effective photosynthetically active radiation range and less than or equal to the upper limit of the target effective photosynthetically active radiation range, the instantaneous fitness function value is 1; when the average photosynthetically active radiation at ground level is greater than the light saturation point, the instantaneous fitness function value is 0. When the average photosynthetically active radiation at ground level is greater than or equal to the light compensation point, and less than the lower limit of the target photosynthetically active radiation range, the instantaneous fitness function value is calculated according to the following formula: When the average photosynthetically active radiation at ground level is greater than the upper limit of the target photosynthetically active radiation range, but less than or equal to the light saturation point, the instantaneous fitness function value is calculated according to the following formula: ;in, Represents the instantaneous fitness function. Indicates the average photosynthetically active radiation at ground level. Indicates the light compensation point. This represents the lower limit of the effective range of photosynthetic radiation of the target. This represents the upper limit of the effective range of photosynthetic radiation of the target. Indicates the angle of inclination.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the power generation efficiency function value is calculated according to the following formula: ; in, Represents the power generation efficiency function. This represents the average total irradiance on the component surface. Indicates the maximum irradiance on the component surface. Indicates the angle of inclination.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the weights of the instantaneous fitness function and the power generation efficiency function are determined based on the target daily accumulated photosynthetically active radiation range and the ground-average photosynthetically active radiation, including: The daily accumulated photosynthetically active radiation corresponding to the tilt angle is obtained from the ground average photosynthetically active radiation. When the daily accumulated photosynthetically active radiation is less than the lower limit of the target daily accumulated photosynthetically active radiation range, the weight of the instantaneous fitness function approaches 1, the weight of the power generation efficiency function approaches 0, and the sum of the weights of the instantaneous fitness function and the power generation efficiency function is 1. When the daily accumulated photosynthetically active radiation is greater than or equal to the lower limit of the target daily accumulated photosynthetically active radiation range, but less than the optimal daily accumulated photosynthetically active radiation, the weights of the instantaneous fitness function and the power generation efficiency function both approach 0.5, and the sum of the weights of the instantaneous fitness function and the power generation efficiency function is 1. When the daily accumulated photosynthetically active radiation is greater than or equal to the optimal daily accumulated photosynthetically active radiation, and less than or equal to the upper limit of the target daily accumulated photosynthetically active radiation range, the weight of the instantaneous fitness function approaches 0, the weight of the power generation efficiency function approaches 1, and the sum of the weights of the instantaneous fitness function and the power generation efficiency function is 1.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the method also includes: Get weather information; When weather information indicates high temperature and drought, the weight of the instantaneous fitness function is 1, and the weight of the power generation efficiency function is 0.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the comprehensive evaluation function value is calculated according to the following formula: ; in, This represents the comprehensive evaluation function. The weights represent the instantaneous fitness function. Represents the instantaneous fitness function. The weights of the power generation efficiency function, Represents the power generation efficiency function. Indicates the angle of inclination.

[0013] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide an agricultural photovoltaic system, including: an acquisition module, a calculation module, and a determination module; The acquisition module is configured to acquire the effective range of photosynthetic radiation, light saturation point, and light compensation point corresponding to the growth stage of the target crop. The calculation module is configured to obtain the average total irradiance of the module surface and the average photosynthetically active radiation on the ground for any tilt angle within the tilt angle range of the photovoltaic support; determine the instantaneous fitness function value corresponding to the tilt angle based on the average photosynthetically active radiation on the ground, the target effective photosynthetic radiation range, the light saturation point, and the light compensation point; determine the power generation efficiency function value corresponding to the tilt angle based on the average total irradiance of the module surface and the maximum irradiance of the module surface; and obtain the comprehensive evaluation function value for the tilt angle based on the instantaneous fitness function value and the power generation efficiency function value. The determination module is configured to determine the target tilt angle corresponding to the largest comprehensive evaluation function value based on the comprehensive evaluation function value corresponding to each tilt angle, and control the photovoltaic support according to the target tilt angle.

[0014] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a control device, including a processor and a memory, wherein the memory is used to store programs, instructions or code, and the processor is used to execute the programs, instructions or code in the memory to complete the control method of the agricultural photovoltaic system as described in any embodiment of the first aspect.

[0015] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which is loaded by a processor to execute the control method for an agricultural photovoltaic system as described in any embodiment of the first aspect.

[0016] To achieve synergistic effects between agriculture and photovoltaics, this application's embodiments introduce crop physiological parameters as the basis for regulation, and calculate the average photosynthetically active radiation and total irradiance of the module surface for each candidate tilt angle. This leads to the construction of a comprehensive evaluation function that takes into account both crop light environment suitability and power generation efficiency. Finally, the tilt angle that maximizes the photovoltaic support is selected for real-time control, thereby effectively solving the technical problems of traditional agricultural photovoltaic systems that cannot respond to the dynamic light requirements of crops due to fixed tilt angles or simple sun tracking, cannot avoid midday strong light suppression and heat stress, and cannot actively supplement light or provide shade under extreme weather conditions. Specifically, when crop light is insufficient, the average photosynthetically active radiation on the ground is below the optimal range and the value is low. The system will actively choose to increase the angle of light transmission to improve it. When the light is too strong or high temperature and drought stress occurs, the value drops because it exceeds the physiological threshold. The system will then choose to increase the angle of shading to protect the crops. At the same time, the introduction of power generation efficiency ensures that power generation is prioritized under the premise that the crop light environment meets the needs. This achieves the dynamic optimal allocation of light resources between photosynthesis and energy production, and greatly improves the comprehensive land output benefits of the agricultural-photovoltaic complementary system. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a photovoltaic support provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a single-span structure of a photovoltaic support provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the side column structure of a photovoltaic support provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the intermediate column structure of a photovoltaic support provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 A flowchart illustrating a control method for an agricultural photovoltaic system provided in this application embodiment; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of tilt control provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of an agricultural photovoltaic system provided in this application embodiment; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a control device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0019] In this diagram, 1 represents the column, 2 represents the anchor pile, 3 represents the first component cable, 4 represents the second component cable, 5 represents the load-bearing cable, 6 represents the triangular inner brace, 7 represents the side beam, 8 represents the slewing reducer, 9 represents the middle beam, and 10 represents the middle reducer. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0021] The terms "first" and "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order of objects. For example, "first operation instruction" and "second operation instruction," etc., are used to distinguish different operation instructions, not to describe a specific order of operation instructions.

[0022] In the embodiments of this application, the terms "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design that is described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or design. Specifically, the use of the terms "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0023] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more, for example, multiple processing units means two or more processing units, multiple elements means two or more elements, etc.

[0024] The technical solution of this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] See Figure 1 The figure is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a photovoltaic support provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown in the embodiments of this application, the photovoltaic support structure is a multi-span structure, and each span of the photovoltaic support structure adopts a prestressed flexible cable support component tensioned along the north-south direction.

[0027] In this embodiment, the photovoltaic support uses prestressed flexible cables instead of rigid torque shafts as the core component integrating load-bearing and transmission. This reduces the number of intermediate columns and piles, increases the single-span length, and improves land retention. Furthermore, the column height in this embodiment can be adjusted according to actual needs, and the increased single-span length creates a continuous, unobstructed passageway, meeting the passage requirements of large agricultural machinery such as high-horsepower tractors and combine harvesters, ensuring that mechanized agricultural operations throughout the entire process are not hindered by the support structure.

[0028] The structure of any photovoltaic support structure is as follows Figure 2 As shown, the system includes a first column (not shown in the figure) and a second column (not shown in the figure). A first set of retrieval cables 3, a second component cable 4, a triangular brace 6, and a load-bearing cable 5 connect the first column and the second column. Photovoltaic modules can be laid above the first component cable 3 and the second component cable 4. The first component cable 3 is connected to the first vertex of the triangular brace 6, the second component cable 4 is connected to the second vertex of the triangular brace 6, and the third vertex of the triangular brace 6 is connected to the load-bearing cable 5.

[0029] In this embodiment, the photovoltaic support adopts a design that reduces shadows, such as triangular internal bracing and blanking at the position of the central beam (which will be shown in the following embodiments). This effectively reduces the projected area of ​​the support beams, diagonal braces and other auxiliary components on the ground, reduces the shading rate of the support structure itself, and allows more scattered and transmitted light to reach the farmland canopy, further improving the uniformity of crop light and the level of yield guarantee.

[0030] For any one-sided column, its structural diagram is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the rotary reducer 8 is connected to the side beam 7, and the side beam 7 is fixed with the module cables (first module cable and second module cable). Through the torsional transmission capability of the flexible cable (module cable) in conjunction with the rotary reducer 8, the photovoltaic module can rotate infinitely within the range of -90° to +90°. When the crop is in a light-saturated state, the photovoltaic module can rotate to an upright position perpendicular to the ground, and the projected area of ​​the photovoltaic array approaches zero. The crop receives full sunlight diffused light, thus eliminating the risk of yield reduction due to shading from a physical mechanism.

[0031] For any intermediate column, its structural diagram is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the intermediate reducer 9 is connected to the central beam 10, and the central beam 10 is fixed with module cables (first module cable and second module cable). Through the torsional transmission capability of the flexible cable (module cable) in conjunction with the intermediate reducer 9, the photovoltaic module can rotate infinitely within the range of -90° to +90°. When the crop is in a light-saturated state, the photovoltaic module can rotate to an upright position perpendicular to the ground, the projected area of ​​the photovoltaic array approaches zero, and the crop receives full sunlight diffused light, thus eliminating the risk of yield reduction due to shading from a physical mechanism.

[0032] It should be understood that the first column and the second column described in the embodiments of this application can be in the form of two intermediate columns, or in the form of one intermediate column and one side column. No specific limitation is made in the embodiments of this application.

[0033] In this embodiment, multiple driving devices are arranged along the length direction and connected in coordination with the end beam and the middle beam. A synchronous controller is used to adjust the angle synchronously, thereby dispersing the single-point driving torque load and ensuring that the array, which is tens or even hundreds of meters long, maintains a consistent angle during tracking and light-guiding, thus avoiding the accumulation of torsional deformation that could lead to component misalignment or structural damage.

[0034] Based on the photovoltaic support structure described in the foregoing embodiments, an agricultural photovoltaic system can be constructed. This application provides a control method for an agricultural photovoltaic system, the flowchart of which can be found here. Figure 5 .

[0035] like Figure 5 As shown, the control method for an agricultural photovoltaic system includes the following steps: S1000: Obtain the effective range of photosynthetic radiation, light saturation point, and light compensation point corresponding to the growth stage of the target crop.

[0036] The effective range of target photosynthetic radiation described in the embodiments of this application Light saturation point Light compensation point These are all photosynthetic physiological parameters of the target crop. The photosynthetic physiological parameters vary depending on the crop species and its growth stage (seedling stage, flowering stage, fruit enlargement stage, and maturity stage, etc.). They need to be stored in the crop database in advance so that they can be directly read from the database when needed.

[0037] For example, during the flowering period of tomatoes, the effective range of their target photosynthetic radiation... 800–1200 μmol·m - ²·s - ¹, Light compensation point Approximately 100 μmol·m - ²·s - ¹, Light saturation point Approximately 1800 μmol·m - ²·s - ¹; During the fruit enlargement stage of tomatoes, the effective range of target photosynthetic radiation The limit can be relaxed to 600–1000 μmol·m - ²·s - ¹, Light compensation point Still 100 μmol·m - ²·s - ¹, Light saturation point Slightly reduced to 1600 μmol·m - ²·s - ¹, to adapt to slightly weaker light; during the vegetative growth stage, lettuce's target effective photosynthetic radiation range Lower, typically 200–400 μmol·m - ²·s - ¹, Light compensation point Approximately 50 μmol·m - ²·s - ¹, Light saturation point Approximately 800 μmol·m - ²·s - ¹ Excessive sunlight can easily cause leaf burn; during the tillering stage of rice, the effective range of target photosynthetic radiation... 500 μmol·m - ²·s - ¹~900μmol·m - ²·s - ¹, Light compensation point Approximately 70 μmol·m - ²·s - ¹, Light saturation point Approximately 1500 μmol·m - ²·s - ¹; The effective range of target photosynthetic radiation for rice during the heading stage. Increased to 800 μmol·m - ²·s - ¹~1200μmol·m - ²·s - ¹, Light saturation point Approximately 2000 μmol·m - ²·s - ¹, to improve the distribution of photosynthetic products to the grains. It should be understood that the above examples are merely exemplary, and the embodiments of this application do not specifically limit the crop types and their corresponding photosynthetic physiological parameters.

[0038] By dynamically reading these photosynthetic physiological parameters, the system can accurately determine whether the current light environment meets the needs of crops, providing a basis for subsequent tilt angle optimization.

[0039] In addition to the aforementioned photosynthetic physiological parameters, this application embodiment can also obtain the target daily accumulated photosynthetically active radiation range corresponding to the growth stage of the target crop. .

[0040] S2000: For any tilt angle within the tilt angle range of the photovoltaic support, obtain the average total irradiance of the module surface and the average photosynthetically active radiation on the ground corresponding to the tilt angle; determine the instantaneous fitness function value corresponding to the tilt angle based on the average photosynthetically active radiation on the ground, the target effective photosynthetic radiation range, the light saturation point, and the light compensation point; determine the power generation efficiency function value corresponding to the tilt angle based on the average total irradiance of the module surface and the maximum irradiance of the module surface; obtain the comprehensive evaluation function value for the tilt angle based on the instantaneous fitness function value and the power generation efficiency function value.

[0041] For any tilt angle within the tilt angle range of the photovoltaic support, obtain the average total irradiance of the module surface corresponding to the tilt angle. and ground average photosynthetically active radiation Based on the average photosynthetically active radiation at ground level Effective range of target photosynthetic radiation Light saturation point Light compensation point Determine the instantaneous fitness function value corresponding to the tilt angle. Based on the average total irradiance of the component surface and the maximum irradiance of the component surface Determine the power generation efficiency function value corresponding to the tilt angle. Based on the target day's accumulated photosynthetically effective radiation range and ground average photosynthetically active radiation Determine the weights of the instantaneous fitness function. and the weights of the power generation efficiency function. Based on the instantaneous fitness function value Power generation efficiency function value Weights of the instantaneous fitness function and the weights of the power generation efficiency function A comprehensive evaluation of the tilt angle was obtained. .

[0042] In one possible implementation, the diurnal cumulative photosynthetically active radiation range corresponding to any tilt angle within the tilt angle range is calculated using the following steps S2100-S2400. .

[0043] S2100: Calculation of Sun Position: Solar altitude angle ; Sun azimuth; ; in: Latitude The solar declination, It is the hour angle.

[0044] S2200: Shadow Dynamic Calculation Model

[0045] System parameters: Spacing is ,inclination Array width (Things), array length (North-South), Array height above ground .

[0046] Establish a coordinate system: Origin: Ground reference point; Axis: Due East Axis: Due North; Axis: Vertically upward; the center line of the three rows of arrays is at... Axis position: West side array: ; Intermediate array: ; East side array: .

[0047] The computational logic includes S2210-S2260: S2210: Direction vector of sunlight .

[0048] S2220: Calculate the array plane equation, since the array is about the north-south axis ( (Axis) Rotational tilt angle normal vector ; For the center in photovoltaic array ( The plane equation of ) is ;in, The center point of the array; S2230: Calculate the coordinates of the array corner points. Assuming the center of a single row of brackets is at the origin and placed in a north-south direction, the coordinates of the four points are: southwest upper corner. Southeast corner Northeast corner Northwest corner ; For the angle of inclination The photovoltaic modules are arranged around the north-south axis ( (axis) rotation horn: .

[0049] Coordinates after rotation: .

[0050] S2240: Calculate the corner point projection, projecting from corner point P along the opposite direction of the sunlight, and its projection line... .

[0051] S2250: Find the intersection points with each plane, for each corner point. Calculate the intersection points with the following planes: Ground plane (z=0): Parameters Intersection For the west / east array, compared to the plane Intersection point: parameter Intersection ; For each intersection point, it is necessary to determine whether the parameter t is positive, ensuring that the projection along the ray direction is within the effective area of ​​the plane. Specifically, ground intersection points must be located within the calculation area, and array plane intersection points must be within the array rectangle.

[0052] S2260: Shade Area Calculation

[0053] For the projection line of each corner point, calculate the intersection points with all planes, and select the orthogonal point with the smallest parameter t. The surface where this intersection point is located is the shadow surface. In special cases: 1) The projection line is parallel to the plane, and there is no intersection point; 2) The intersection point is located at the plane boundary, and the continuity of adjacent surfaces needs to be considered; 3) Multiple intersection points have the same parameter, and the light ray is exactly along the plane boundary direction. For the projection point of each corner point, if they all fall on the same surface, the shadow polygon is directly constructed; if they span multiple surfaces, it is necessary to find the edges of adjacent corner points on different surfaces, calculate the intersection of the edge with the boundary line of the surface, and add the intersection point as a new vertex to the polygon. For a planar polygon, the vertices are arranged in the following order: ; area ; Ground shading rate = Ground shaded area / Total area of ​​the ground calculation area; Array shadow ratio = Shadow area on the array / Total area of ​​the array; Shading rate ; S2300: Calculation of irradiance flux in two planes (module surface and ground surface) Calculation of radiation received by the component's shade-free surface: Direct radiation component: ; Sky scattering component: ; Ground reflection component: ; Total irradiance: ; Calculation of radiation received by the component's shaded surface: Direct radiation component: (Completely obscured); Sky scattering component: ; Environmental reflection component: ; in, The sky view factor for the shaded area. The view factor of the shaded area relative to the ground is calculated by the view factor model; Total irradiance: ; Calculation of radiation received by a shadowless surface on the ground: Direct radiation component: ; Sky scattering component: ; Component reflection components: ; in, The view factor for ground point-to-component; Total irradiance: ; Calculation of radiation received by ground-shaded surfaces: Direct radiation component: (Completely obscured) Sky scattering component: ; Environmental reflection component: ,in, The reflection transmission coefficient; Total irradiance: ; S2400: Calculation of Adjustment Limit Parameters For any time t, calculate the tilt angle θ as it varies within the range [-90°, 90°]: Component irradiation percentage range: ; ; Ground irradiation percentage range: ; ; in, This represents the total radiation received by the ground when there is no obstruction.

[0054] The conversion of irradiance to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR): Typically, the total radiation to PAR energy conversion factor. (Typical value), energy to light quanta: ,Right now: ; ; ; Daily cumulative photosynthetically active radiation calculate: .

[0055] Thus, the inclination angles have been calculated through the above steps. corresponding .

[0056] The following will focus on the instantaneous fitness function value. Power generation efficiency function value Weights of the instantaneous fitness function and the weights of the power generation efficiency function. The calculation method will be introduced accordingly.

[0057] In one possible implementation, the power generation efficiency function value is calculated according to the following formula: ; in, Represents the power generation efficiency function. This represents the average total irradiance on the component surface. Indicates the maximum irradiance on the component surface. Indicates the angle of inclination.

[0058] In one possible implementation, based on the target daily accumulated photosynthetically active radiation range The weights of the instantaneous fitness function and the power generation efficiency function are determined based on the average photosynthetically active radiation at ground level, including: The daily accumulated photosynthetically active radiation corresponding to the tilt angle is obtained from the ground average photosynthetically active radiation. ; Accumulated photosynthetic effective radiation Less than the lower limit of the target daily accumulated photosynthetically active radiation range In the case of the instantaneous fitness function weights The weights of the power generation efficiency function approach 1. All values ​​approach 0, representing the weights of the instantaneous fitness function. Weights of the power generation efficiency function The sum is 1; Accumulated photosynthetic effective radiation Greater than or equal to the lower limit of the target daily accumulated photosynthetically active radiation range Less than the optimal daily cumulative photosynthetically active radiation In the case of the instantaneous fitness function weights and the weights of the power generation efficiency function All values ​​approach 0.5, representing the weights of the instantaneous fitness function. Weights of the power generation efficiency function The sum is 1; Accumulated photosynthetic effective radiation Greater than or equal to the optimal daily cumulative photosynthetically active radiation In the case that it is less than or equal to the upper limit of the target day's accumulated photosynthetically active radiation range In the case of the instantaneous fitness function weights The weights of the power generation efficiency function approach 0. The weights of the instantaneous fitness function approach 1. Weights of the power generation efficiency function The sum is 1.

[0059] In one possible implementation, the instantaneous fitness function value calculated in the foregoing embodiments is used. Power generation efficiency function value Weights of the instantaneous fitness function and the weights of the power generation efficiency function. The comprehensive evaluation function value is calculated using the following formula. : ; in, This represents the comprehensive evaluation function. The weights represent the instantaneous fitness function. Represents the instantaneous fitness function. The weights of the power generation efficiency function, Represents the power generation efficiency function. Indicates the angle of inclination.

[0060] In addition, embodiments of this application can also appropriately adjust the weights of the instantaneous suitability function based on weather information. and the weights of the power generation efficiency function This means obtaining weather information; when the weather information indicates high temperature and drought, the weight of the instantaneous suitability function is 1, and the weight of the power generation efficiency function is 0.

[0061] S3000: Based on the comprehensive evaluation function value corresponding to each tilt angle. Determine the target tilt angle corresponding to the maximum comprehensive evaluation function value. And control the photovoltaic support according to the target tilt angle.

[0062] ; In this embodiment of the application, if multiple angles obtain the same maximum value (flat top case), the angle with the smallest absolute value is selected (to reduce motion power consumption) or the angle closest to the previous control cycle (to reduce mechanical wear).

[0063] Based on the calculation process (angle optimization algorithm) in the aforementioned embodiments, through methods such as... Figure 6 The tilt angle diagram shown illustrates the corresponding control of the tilt angle of the photovoltaic support system. Figure 6The steps described herein will not be repeated here. Specifically, the sensors (irradiance, temperature, and GPS) output total irradiance information, temperature information, and location information. Based on the sensor output information, angle optimization is performed according to the method described in the preceding embodiments to obtain the target tilt angle. The target tilt angle, obtained by collecting and calculating the actual angle of the photovoltaic support using a tilt sensor, controls the motor (closed-loop control) to achieve control of the photovoltaic support.

[0064] In this embodiment, the photovoltaic module plane and the ground crop canopy plane are treated as a unified control object. Through real-time angle adjustment, the dynamic optimal allocation of solar radiation between "power generation" and "photosynthesis" is achieved, transforming "photovoltaics tracking the sun" into "shading tracking crop needs," upgrading from energy infrastructure to a smart regulator of farmland light environment. By constructing a real-time optimization control model "based on crop physiological feedback," that is, establishing a dual-feed feedback system of "PAR instantaneous control + DLI cumulative monitoring," the tilt angle θ of the module is adjusted in real time to keep the canopy PAR within the optimal range. By monitoring the DLI accumulation progress, the control weight and strategy are dynamically adjusted (when DLI is insufficient: priority is given to ensuring...). To mitigate crop light exposure and increase light transmittance; when DLI is sufficient: optimize power generation revenue by increasing shading; during high temperature / drought: actively increase shading to alleviate environmental stress); establish a "four-surface refined irradiance-shading" coupled calculation model, deconstructing the system radiation field into four independent surface calculations. That is, by accurately calculating the shadow projection and occlusion relationship in three-dimensional space, the radiation of the four surfaces—the component's unshaded surface, the component's shaded surface, the ground's unshaded surface, and the ground's shaded surface—is accurately calculated, and the radiation data is converted into crop physiological indicators (DLI, PAR range), realizing real-time coupled calculation of "geometry-optics-agronomy" multi-physics fields to meet real-time control requirements.

[0065] Based on the control method for the agricultural photovoltaic system described in the foregoing embodiments, this application also provides an agricultural photovoltaic system, the schematic diagram of which is shown below. Figure 7 .

[0066] like Figure 7 As shown, the agricultural photovoltaic system includes: an acquisition module 1000, a calculation module 2000, and a determination module 3000.

[0067] The acquisition module 1000 is configured to acquire the effective range of photosynthetic radiation, light saturation point and light compensation point corresponding to the growth stage of the target crop. The calculation module 2000 is configured to, for any tilt angle within the tilt angle range of the photovoltaic support, obtain the average total irradiance of the module surface and the average photosynthetically active radiation on the ground corresponding to the tilt angle; determine the instantaneous fitness function value corresponding to the tilt angle based on the average photosynthetically active radiation on the ground, the target effective photosynthetic radiation range, the light saturation point, and the light compensation point; determine the power generation efficiency function value corresponding to the tilt angle based on the average total irradiance of the module surface and the maximum irradiance of the module surface; and obtain a comprehensive evaluation function value for the tilt angle based on the instantaneous fitness function value and the power generation efficiency function value. The determination module 3000 is configured to determine the target tilt angle corresponding to the largest comprehensive evaluation function value based on the comprehensive evaluation function value corresponding to each tilt angle, and control the photovoltaic support according to the target tilt angle.

[0068] This application's embodiments introduce crop physiological parameters (light compensation point, light saturation point, and optimal photosynthetically effective radiation range) as the basis for regulation, and calculate the ground average photosynthetically effective radiation and the total irradiance of the module surface for each candidate tilt angle. In this way, a comprehensive evaluation function that takes into account both crop light environment suitability and power generation efficiency is constructed. Finally, the tilt angle that maximizes the photovoltaic support is selected for real-time control, thereby effectively solving the technical problems of traditional agricultural photovoltaic systems that cannot respond to the dynamic light demand of crops due to fixed tilt angles or simple sun tracking, cannot avoid midday strong light suppression and heat stress, and cannot actively supplement light or provide shade in extreme climates. Specifically, when crop light is insufficient, the average photosynthetically active radiation on the ground is below the optimal range and the value is low. The system will actively choose to increase the angle of light transmission to improve it. When the light is too strong or high temperature and drought stress occurs, the value drops because it exceeds the physiological threshold. The system will then choose to increase the angle of shading to protect the crops. At the same time, the introduction of power generation efficiency ensures that power generation is prioritized under the premise that the crop light environment meets the needs. This achieves the dynamic optimal allocation of light resources between photosynthesis and energy production, and greatly improves the comprehensive land output benefits of the agricultural-photovoltaic complementary system.

[0069] In one possible implementation, the acquisition module is configured to acquire the target daily accumulated photosynthetic effective radiation range, the target photosynthetic effective radiation range, the light saturation point, and the light compensation point corresponding to the growth stage of the target crop. The calculation module is configured to, for any tilt angle within the tilt angle range of the photovoltaic support, obtain the average total irradiance of the module surface and the average photosynthetically active radiation on the ground corresponding to the tilt angle; determine the instantaneous fitness function value corresponding to the tilt angle based on the average photosynthetically active radiation on the ground, the target effective photosynthetically active radiation range, the light saturation point, and the light compensation point; determine the power generation efficiency function value corresponding to the tilt angle based on the average total irradiance of the module surface and the maximum irradiance of the module surface; determine the weights of the instantaneous fitness function and the power generation efficiency function based on the target daily accumulated effective photosynthetically active radiation range and the average photosynthetically active radiation on the ground; and obtain a comprehensive evaluation of the tilt angle based on the instantaneous fitness function value, the power generation efficiency function value, the weights of the instantaneous fitness function, and the weights of the power generation efficiency function.

[0070] The calculation module is configured such that: when the ground-average photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is less than the light compensation point, the instantaneous fitness function value is 0; when the ground-average PAR is greater than or equal to the lower limit of the target PAR effective range and less than or equal to the upper limit of the target PAR effective range, the instantaneous fitness function value is 1; when the ground-average PAR is greater than the light saturation point, the instantaneous fitness function value is 0; and when the ground-average PAR is greater than or equal to the light compensation point and less than the lower limit of the target PAR effective range, the instantaneous fitness function value is calculated according to the following formula: When the average photosynthetically active radiation at ground level is greater than the upper limit of the target photosynthetically active radiation range, but less than or equal to the light saturation point, the instantaneous fitness function value is calculated according to the following formula: ;in, Represents the instantaneous fitness function. Indicates the average photosynthetically active radiation at ground level. Indicates the light compensation point. This represents the lower limit of the effective range of photosynthetic radiation of the target. This represents the upper limit of the effective range of photosynthetic radiation of the target. Indicates the angle of inclination.

[0071] In one possible implementation, the power generation efficiency function value is calculated according to the following formula: ; in, Represents the power generation efficiency function. This represents the average total irradiance on the component surface. Indicates the maximum irradiance on the component surface. Indicates the angle of inclination.

[0072] In one possible implementation, the calculation module is configured to obtain the daily accumulated photosynthetically active radiation (DEP) corresponding to the tilt angle based on the ground average DEP; when the DEP is less than the lower limit of the target DEP range, the weight of the instantaneous fitness function approaches 1, the weights of the power generation efficiency function both approach 0, and the sum of the weights of the instantaneous fitness function and the power generation efficiency function is 1; when the DEP is greater than or equal to the lower limit of the target DEP range, but less than the optimal daily accumulated DEP... Under the condition of photosynthetically active radiation, the weights of both the instantaneous fitness function and the power generation efficiency function approach 0.5, and the sum of their weights is 1. When the daily accumulated photosynthetically active radiation is greater than or equal to the optimal daily accumulated photosynthetically active radiation, but less than or equal to the upper limit of the target daily accumulated photosynthetically active radiation range, the weight of the instantaneous fitness function approaches 0, the weight of the power generation efficiency function approaches 1, and the sum of their weights is 1.

[0073] In one possible implementation, the computing module is also configured to acquire weather information; when the weather information indicates high temperature and drought, the weight of the instantaneous fitness function is 1, and the weight of the power generation efficiency function is 0.

[0074] In one possible implementation, the control module is configured to obtain the target tilt angle according to the following formula, and control the photovoltaic support according to the target tilt angle: ; in, This represents the comprehensive evaluation function. The weights represent the instantaneous fitness function. Represents the instantaneous fitness function. The weights of the power generation efficiency function, Represents the power generation efficiency function. Indicates the angle of inclination.

[0075] See Figure 8 The figure is a schematic diagram of a control device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0076] The control device may include a memory 1011 and a processor 1012. The processor 1012 may be connected to a security verification system. Figure 8 As shown, the memory can be random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), EPROM, non-volatile read-only memory (Electronic Programmable ROM), registers, hard disks, removable disks, etc.

[0077] The memory 1011 can store computer instructions. When the computer instructions stored in the memory 1011 are executed by the processor 1012, the processor 1012 can use them to execute the control method of the agricultural photovoltaic system. The memory 1011 can also store data, such as preset ranges, preset thresholds, and other information involved in the above embodiments.

[0078] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved, in whole or in part, through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, it can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. A computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the flow or function according to the embodiments of this application is generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape) or a semiconductor medium (e.g., solid-state disk (SSD)).

[0079] This application also provides a readable storage medium for storing the control method of the agricultural photovoltaic system provided in the above embodiments. Examples include random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), EPROM, non-volatile read-only memory (EEPROM), registers, hard disks, removable disks, or any other form of storage medium in the art.

[0080] It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. Regarding the methods disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the product embodiments disclosed in the embodiments, the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to in the description of the product embodiments.

[0081] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application.

Claims

1. A control method for an agricultural photovoltaic system, characterized in that the method... include: Obtain the effective range of photosynthetic radiation, light saturation point, and light compensation point corresponding to the growth stage of the target crop; For any tilt angle within the tilt angle range of the photovoltaic support, the average total irradiance of the module surface and the average photosynthetically active radiation on the ground corresponding to the tilt angle are obtained; based on the average photosynthetically active radiation on the ground, the target effective photosynthetic radiation range, the light saturation point, and the light compensation point, the instantaneous fitness function value corresponding to the tilt angle is determined; based on the average total irradiance of the module surface and the maximum irradiance of the module surface, the power generation efficiency function value corresponding to the tilt angle is determined; based on the instantaneous fitness function value and the power generation efficiency function value, a comprehensive evaluation function value for the tilt angle is obtained. Based on the comprehensive evaluation function value corresponding to each tilt angle, the target tilt angle corresponding to the largest comprehensive evaluation function value is determined, and the photovoltaic support is controlled according to the target tilt angle.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acquisition of the target photosynthetic radiation effective range, light saturation point, and light compensation point corresponding to the growth stage of the target crop includes: Obtain the target daily accumulated photosynthetic effective radiation range, the target photosynthetic effective radiation range, the light saturation point, and the light compensation point corresponding to the growth stage of the target crop; For any tilt angle within the tilt angle range of the photovoltaic support, the average total irradiance of the module surface and the average photosynthetically active radiation on the ground corresponding to the tilt angle are obtained; based on the average photosynthetically active radiation on the ground, the target effective photosynthetically active radiation range, the light saturation point, and the light compensation point, the instantaneous fitness function value corresponding to the tilt angle is determined; based on the average total irradiance of the module surface and the maximum irradiance of the module surface, the power generation efficiency function value corresponding to the tilt angle is determined; based on the instantaneous fitness function value and the power generation efficiency function value, a comprehensive evaluation function value for the tilt angle is obtained, including: For any tilt angle within the tilt angle range of the photovoltaic support, the average total irradiance of the module surface and the average photosynthetically active radiation on the ground corresponding to the tilt angle are obtained; based on the average photosynthetically active radiation on the ground, the target effective photosynthetically active radiation range, the light saturation point, and the light compensation point, the instantaneous fitness function value corresponding to the tilt angle is determined; based on the average total irradiance of the module surface and the maximum irradiance of the module surface, the power generation efficiency function value corresponding to the tilt angle is determined; based on the target daily accumulated effective photosynthetically active radiation range and the average photosynthetically active radiation on the ground, the weights of the instantaneous fitness function and the power generation efficiency function are determined; based on the instantaneous fitness function value, the power generation efficiency function value, the weights of the instantaneous fitness function and the power generation efficiency function, a comprehensive evaluation of the tilt angle is obtained.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The step of determining the instantaneous fitness function value corresponding to the tilt angle based on the ground average photosynthetically active radiation, the target photosynthetically active radiation range, the light saturation point, and the light compensation point includes: When the average photosynthetically active radiation at ground level is less than the light compensation point, the instantaneous fitness function value is 0; when the average photosynthetically active radiation at ground level is greater than or equal to the lower limit of the target effective photosynthetic radiation range and less than or equal to the upper limit of the target effective photosynthetic radiation range, the instantaneous fitness function value is 1; when the average photosynthetically active radiation at ground level is greater than the light saturation point, the instantaneous fitness function value is 0. When the average photosynthetically active radiation at ground level is greater than or equal to the light compensation point and less than the lower limit of the target photosynthetically active radiation range, the instantaneous fitness function value is calculated according to the following formula: When the average photosynthetically active radiation on the ground is greater than the upper limit of the target photosynthetically active radiation range, but less than or equal to the light saturation point, the instantaneous fitness function value is calculated according to the following formula: ;in, This represents the instantaneous fitness function. This represents the light saturation point. This represents the average photosynthetically active radiation on the ground. This indicates the light compensation point. This represents the lower limit of the effective range of photosynthetic radiation of the target. This represents the upper limit of the effective range of photosynthetic radiation of the target. This indicates the tilt angle.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The power generation efficiency function value is calculated using the following formula: ； in, This represents the power generation efficiency function. This represents the average total irradiance on the surface of the component. This indicates the maximum irradiance on the surface of the component. This indicates the tilt angle.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of determining the weights of the instantaneous fitness function and the power generation efficiency function based on the target daily accumulated photosynthetically active radiation range and the ground average photosynthetically active radiation includes: The daily accumulated photosynthetically active radiation corresponding to the tilt angle is obtained based on the ground average photosynthetically active radiation. When the daily accumulated photosynthetically active radiation is less than the lower limit of the target daily accumulated photosynthetically active radiation range, the weight of the instantaneous fitness function approaches 1, the weight of the power generation efficiency function approaches 0, and the sum of the weight of the instantaneous fitness function and the weight of the power generation efficiency function is 1. When the daily accumulated photosynthetically active radiation is greater than or equal to the lower limit of the target daily accumulated photosynthetically active radiation range, but less than the optimal daily accumulated photosynthetically active radiation, the weights of the instantaneous fitness function and the power generation efficiency function both approach 0.5, and the sum of the weights of the instantaneous fitness function and the power generation efficiency function is 1. When the daily accumulated photosynthetically active radiation is greater than or equal to the optimal daily accumulated photosynthetically active radiation, and less than or equal to the upper limit of the target daily accumulated photosynthetically active radiation range, the weight of the instantaneous fitness function approaches 0, the weight of the power generation efficiency function approaches 1, and the sum of the weights of the instantaneous fitness function and the power generation efficiency function is 1.

6. The method according to claim 2 or 5, characterized in that, The method further includes: Get weather information; When the weather information indicates high temperature and drought, the weight of the instantaneous suitability function is 1, and the weight of the power generation efficiency function is 0.

7. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The comprehensive evaluation function value is calculated using the following formula: ； in, This represents the comprehensive evaluation function. This represents the weights of the instantaneous fitness function. This represents the instantaneous fitness function. The weights of the power generation efficiency function, Represents the power generation efficiency function. This indicates the tilt angle.

8. An agricultural photovoltaic system, characterized in that, include: The module consists of an acquisition module, a calculation module, and a determination module. The acquisition module is configured to acquire the effective range of photosynthetic radiation, light saturation point, and light compensation point corresponding to the growth stage of the target crop. The calculation module is configured to, for any tilt angle within the tilt angle range of the photovoltaic support, obtain the average total irradiance of the module surface and the average photosynthetically active radiation on the ground corresponding to the tilt angle; determine the instantaneous fitness function value corresponding to the tilt angle based on the average photosynthetically active radiation on the ground, the target effective photosynthetic radiation range, the light saturation point, and the light compensation point; determine the power generation efficiency function value corresponding to the tilt angle based on the average total irradiance of the module surface and the maximum irradiance of the module surface; and obtain a comprehensive evaluation function value for the tilt angle based on the instantaneous fitness function value and the power generation efficiency function value. The determining module is configured to determine the target tilt angle corresponding to the largest comprehensive evaluation function value based on the comprehensive evaluation function value corresponding to each tilt angle, and control the photovoltaic support according to the target tilt angle.

9. A control device, characterized in that, It includes a processor and a memory, the memory being used to store programs, instructions, or code, and the processor being used to execute the programs, instructions, or code in the memory to complete the control method for the agricultural photovoltaic system as described in any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The system contains a computer program that is loaded by a processor to execute the control method for the agricultural photovoltaic system as described in any one of claims 1-7.

Images