A photovoltaic single-axis tracker control method and system based on energy gain triggering

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation tracking control technology, and particularly to a photovoltaic single-axis tracker control method and system based on energy gain triggering. The method determines the cloudy day operating condition by collecting real-time irradiance data and combining it with power plant geography and support layout parameters. Based on shading correction and an isotropic scattering model, it solves for the globally optimal support tilt angle on cloudy days. After soft-limit safety correction, it triggers the action through a two-stage cascaded threshold of irradiance yield and angle dead zone, driving the support to adjust its angle only when adjustment brings effective light energy gain. This invention solves the problems of discrete adjustment, frequent malfunctions, and low utilization rate of scattered light energy in existing cloudy day tracking schemes. It achieves an optimal balance between power generation improvement and equipment loss, is compatible with astronomical tracking, inverse tracking, and nighttime repositioning, and exhibits strong stability and wide adaptability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation tracking control technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic single-axis tracker control method and system based on energy gain triggering. Background Technology

[0002] The single-axis photovoltaic support relies on astronomical algorithms to track the sun's position in real time, maximizing the capture of direct solar radiation (DNI). In cloudy or overcast conditions, the DNI of direct solar radiation decreases significantly, and the energy source for photovoltaic modules becomes primarily horizontally diffused radiation (DHI) and ground-reflected radiation. Continuously implementing the standard astronomical tracking mode has drawbacks: on cloudy days, the support's posture is unreasonable, reducing the measured total solar radiation (POA1) at the current tilt angle. Furthermore, the frequent reciprocating rotation of the support increases motor energy consumption and exacerbates wear on the transmission mechanism.

[0003] Both existing cloudy day tracking solutions have shortcomings: (1) Single GHI threshold leveling scheme: relying solely on the single value of horizontal total irradiance GHI as the working condition switching criterion, the support is directly controlled to return to the horizontal mid position when GHI is lower than the set threshold; frequent misjudgments and repeated leveling under the alternating cloudy working conditions, the problem of array front and rear row shading during the low solar altitude reverse tracking period is further aggravated; (2) DHI / GHI segmented fixed angle scheme: The fixed working condition interval is divided according to the ratio of horizontal scattered irradiance to horizontal total irradiance, and each interval is matched with a fixed support tilt angle; it can only be adjusted discretely in segments, and cannot match the irradiance environment with continuous dynamic changes in cloud cover, making it difficult to solve the global continuous optimal tilt angle, and the scattered light energy capture efficiency is low. Summary of the Invention

[0004] One objective of this invention is to propose a photovoltaic single-axis tracker control method based on energy gain triggering, in order to solve the shortcomings of existing tracking and adjustment methods, such as discreteness on cloudy days, frequent malfunctions, large losses from meaningless rotations, and low efficiency in capturing scattered light energy.

[0005] Another objective of this invention is to propose a photovoltaic single-axis tracker control system based on energy gain triggering, thereby realizing the photovoltaic single-axis tracker control method based on energy gain triggering as described above.

[0006] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A photovoltaic single-axis tracker control method based on energy gain triggering includes the following steps: S1. Collect real-time irradiance data, and load the pre-stored power station geography, support layout, east-west soft limit of the support, and all control threshold parameters into the photovoltaic tracking controller. S2. Determine the illumination conditions based on real-time total horizontal irradiance (GHI) and the ratio of horizontal diffuse irradiance to total horizontal irradiance (DHI / GHI). When the cloudy day determination conditions are met, switch to the irradiance adaptive cloudy day mode. S3. Based on the spatiotemporal and support arrangement parameters, complete the solar altitude array shading correction, multi-component irradiance component calculation, and solve the globally optimal support tilt angle on cloudy days. ; S4, Optimal support tilt angle for cloudy weather Perform soft limit safety correction on the support structure; S5, combined with the current measured total planar irradiance of the support. Optimal tilt angle theoretical total irradiance Calculate the irradiation yield R; S6. Sequentially execute the irradiation yield trigger threshold. Two-stage cascaded conditional judgment of angle dead zone threshold Δβ; S7. Only when both judgment conditions are met simultaneously, the controller outputs a drive command to adjust the support to the globally optimal support tilt angle on cloudy days. Update the current actual tilt angle of the support. Steps S1-S7 are executed repeatedly at intervals of one sampling period.

[0007] Preferably, step S1 includes: S11. Horizontal total irradiance (GHI) is collected using a horizontal irradiance meter, and the measured planar total irradiance of the component is collected using a planar total irradiance meter on the support structure. The fully automated tracking irradiation instrument collects direct radiation (DNI) and horizontal diffused radiation (DHI). S12. Pre-store the following parameters in the controller storage unit: ground cover rate (GCR), surface reflectance (a), east-west soft limit of the support, reverse tracking start-up elevation angle, nighttime homing angle, sampling period, angle dead zone (Δβ), and irradiance yield trigger threshold. Preset GHI switching threshold and preset scattering ratio threshold; Among them, the collected total horizontal irradiance (GHI), direct irradiance (DNI), and horizontal diffuse irradiance (DHI) are all used for the working condition determination in step S2 and the irradiance component calculation in step S3; the ground cover rate (GCR) and surface reflectivity (a) are used for solar angle shading correction and irradiance solution; the angle dead zone threshold (Δβ) and the irradiance yield trigger threshold are used. Various angle thresholds are used for limit correction in step S4 and two-level action judgment in step S6, respectively.

[0008] Preferably, step S2 includes: S21. Define the nighttime period based on the astronomical sunrise and sunset times; when the real-time solar zenith altitude is less than the reverse tracking start altitude angle, it is determined to be a low solar altitude angle operating condition. S22. When the total horizontal irradiance (GHI) is less than the preset GHI switching threshold, and the ratio of horizontal scattered irradiance to total horizontal irradiance (DHI / GHI) is greater than the preset scattering ratio threshold, switch to the irradiance adaptive cloudy mode. S23. Forcefully exit the irradiation adaptive cloudy mode during the nighttime period and perform the nighttime return operation; perform the reverse tracking operation to eliminate array shadows under the low solar altitude angle condition; the operation of the irradiation adaptive cloudy mode does not cover the original control process of astronomical tracking, reverse tracking, and nighttime return.

[0009] Preferably, step S3 includes: S31. Obtain the solar zenith altitude angle based on the current date, power station latitude and longitude, and real-time time. Combined with ground coverage GCR calculation, occlusion correction tracking zenith angle is calculated. : ; S32. Given that the real-time tilt angle of the support is β and the solar incidence angle is AOI, calculate the three types of irradiance components step by step based on the isotropic scattering model: Scattered radiation: ; Ground-reflected radiation: ; Direct radiation: ; Total planar irradiation: ; S33, Input solar horizontal azimuth angle γ, horizontal azimuth angle γ' of the single-axis support rotation axis, and occlusion correction tracking zenith angle. Given total horizontal irradiance (GHI), direct irradiance (DNI), horizontal diffuse irradiance (DHI), and surface reflectivity (a), determine the globally optimal support tilt angle on a cloudy day. : .

[0010] Preferably, step S4 is: calculating the globally optimal support tilt angle for cloudy days obtained in step S3. Compared with the soft limit values ​​of the support, if it is cloudy, the optimal global support tilt angle is determined. If the angle exceeds the safe angle range, then the optimal support tilt angle for cloudy days will be determined. Corrected to the east and west soft limit boundaries of the stent; the corrected global optimal stent tilt angle for cloudy weather. Participate in all operations of steps S5 and S6.

[0011] Preferably, step S5 is: adjusting the globally optimal support tilt angle for cloudy days as corrected in step S4. Substituting all the irradiance calculation formulas recorded in step S3, we can solve for the optimal tilt angle theoretical plane total irradiance. Combined with the measured total planar irradiance at the current tilt angle of the support frame Calculate the irradiation yield R: ; The calculated irradiation yield R is fed into step S6 as the input parameter for the first-level judgment.

[0012] Preferably, the two-level judgment execution flow of step S6 is as follows: S61. First-level judgment: If the irradiation yield R ≥ the irradiation yield trigger threshold If the condition is met, proceed to the second level of judgment; otherwise, maintain the current actual tilt angle of the support. constant; S62, Second-level judgment: Calculate | Corrected global optimal support tilt angle for cloudy days Current actual tilt angle of the support If the difference is greater than or equal to the angle dead zone Δβ, proceed to step S7; otherwise, maintain the current actual tilt angle of the support. constant.

[0013] A photovoltaic single-axis tracker control system based on energy gain triggering includes an irradiation acquisition device, an optional weather sensor, a photovoltaic tracking controller, and a support drive motor; The irradiation acquisition equipment includes a horizontal irradiator, a support planar total irradiator, and a fully automatic tracking irradiator; The optional meteorological sensing devices include wind speed sensors, temperature and humidity sensors, and cloud cover monitoring sensors. The photovoltaic tracking controller is equipped with a processor, a storage unit, an irradiation signal acquisition interface, a meteorological sensor interface, and a motor drive output port. The storage unit stores a computer program that executes the method described above. The irradiation signal acquisition interface is electrically connected to the horizontal irradiator, the support plane total irradiator, and the fully automatic tracking irradiator, respectively. The meteorological sensor interface is electrically connected to the wind speed sensor, temperature and humidity sensor, and cloud cover monitoring sensor, respectively. The motor drive output port is electrically connected to the bracket drive motor and is used to output angle adjustment drive electrical signals; The processor is electrically connected to the storage unit, the irradiation signal acquisition interface, the meteorological sensor interface, and the motor drive output port, respectively.

[0014] One of the above technical solutions has the following beneficial effects: 1. Continuous global optimal tilt angle solution improves the utilization rate of scattered light energy: Abandoning the traditional discrete fixed tilt angle scheme, based on the isotropic scattering model combined with array shading correction, the continuous optimal support tilt angle under the current illumination is solved in real time through the coupled arctangent formula, accurately matching the scattering on cloudy days and the irradiance distribution of the ground surface, and greatly improving the total irradiance captured by the component under cloudy and overcast conditions.

[0015] 2. Two-level threshold for energy gain suppresses ineffective actions, reducing equipment wear and energy consumption: The innovative introduction of dual-series judgment logic of irradiation yield and angle dead zone ensures that the motor is only started when the adjustment can bring visible energy gain and the angle deviation exceeds the minimum action range; when the cloud layer fluctuates slightly and the gain is weak, the support remains stationary, which greatly reduces the frequency of motor start and stop, reduces power consumption, slows down the wear of the transmission mechanism, extends the service life of the support equipment, and reduces on-site operation and maintenance costs.

[0016] 3. Multi-condition mode compatibility without disrupting the original tracking logic: The cloudy adaptive mode is an independent control branch that does not cover or conflict with astronomical tracking, low-altitude reverse tracking, or the original process at night; at night, the cloudy mode is forcibly exited, and the low solar altitude automatically superimposes the reverse tracking to eliminate array shadows, achieving seamless collaborative control at all times, including sunny, cloudy, partly cloudy, early morning / evening, and night.

[0017] 4. Local closed-loop operation, no cloud dependency, strong operational stability: All geographic, array, and threshold parameters are permanently stored in the controller's local storage unit. Irradiance acquisition, model calculation, and logical judgment are all completed by the local processor. It can run stably and continuously in scenarios without network or communication, making it suitable for photovoltaic power stations in remote mountainous and desert areas.

[0018] 5. Parameters are flexible and adjustable to adapt to different power plant needs: Irradiation revenue trigger threshold, angle dead zone, and sampling period can all be configured on site. Control strategies can be switched according to the power plant operation and maintenance priority (maximizing power generation / maximizing equipment lifespan). It has strong versatility and is suitable for various ground-mounted single-axis photovoltaic projects.

[0019] 6. Standardized hardware architecture, suitable for both retrofitting and building new power plants: The sensors, controllers, and drive units are all mature and commonly used hardware in the photovoltaic industry, which can be directly deployed in new power plants; existing single-axis brackets that are already in operation only need to be retrofitted by adding irradiation sensing equipment and upgrading the controller program, resulting in low retrofitting costs and low barriers to entry. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a photovoltaic single-axis tracker control method based on energy gain triggering; Figure 2 This is a photovoltaic single-axis tracker control method based on energy gain triggering. = 0 Tracking angle change curve; Figure 3 This is a photovoltaic single-axis tracker control method based on energy gain triggering. Tracking angle change curve at 2%; Figure 4 This is a photovoltaic single-axis tracker control method based on energy gain triggering. =5% Tracking angle change curve. Detailed Implementation

[0021] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0022] A photovoltaic single-axis tracker control method based on energy gain triggering includes the following steps: Step S1 mainly involves irradiation acquisition and control parameter preloading: After the system starts, all real-time irradiation data is collected through the matching irradiation sensing equipment. The photovoltaic tracking controller reads the pre-stored power station geography, support arrangement, east-west soft limit of the support, and all control threshold parameters in the local storage unit to complete the pre-calculation data preparation.

[0023] In practice, the horizontal irradiance meter collects the horizontal total irradiance (GHI), and the support plane total irradiance meter collects the measured plane total irradiance of the current support. The fully automatic tracking irradiance meter synchronously outputs direct irradiance (DNI) and horizontal diffuse irradiance (DHI); the photovoltaic tracking controller's local storage unit uniformly pre-stores ground coverage rate (GCR), surface reflectivity (a), east-west soft limit of the support bracket, reverse tracking start-up elevation angle, nighttime return angle, sampling period, angle dead zone (Δβ), and irradiance yield trigger threshold. The system includes preset GHI switching thresholds and preset scattering ratio thresholds; all collected irradiance data are used for subsequent working condition identification and irradiance calculation; ground coverage and surface reflectance are used for solar zenith angle shading correction and planar irradiance solution; various angle thresholds and action judgment thresholds are used for support limit verification and two-level action judgment logic, respectively; all parameters are stored and calculated locally, eliminating the need for real-time data transmission from the cloud, ensuring stable operation in offline environments.

[0024] Step S2 mainly involves light condition identification and adaptive mode switching: The controller retrieves real-time GHI and DHI values ​​to calculate the scattering ratio DHI / GHI, compares it with two preset thresholds to complete the light condition identification, and switches to the irradiation adaptive cloudy mode if the cloudy day determination conditions are met.

[0025] Implementation logic: The nighttime period is defined based on the astronomical sunrise and sunset times; when the solar zenith altitude value is less than the reverse tracking start altitude angle, it is determined to be a low solar altitude angle condition; when GHI is less than the preset GHI switching threshold and DHI / GHI is greater than the preset scattering ratio threshold, the irradiance adaptive cloudy mode is switched to.

[0026] Operating condition compatibility rules: During nighttime hours, the cloudy adaptive process is forcibly exited, and the support returns to its original position at night; under low solar altitude conditions, inverse tracking control is superimposed on the cloudy mode to eliminate the shadows in front of the array; the irradiation adaptive cloudy mode is an independent control branch that does not cover or interfere with the original astronomical tracking, inverse tracking, and nighttime return control processes, and multiple modes operate in parallel and are compatible.

[0027] Step S3 mainly involves array shading correction and optimal tilt angle calculation for cloudy days: using time, latitude and longitude, and array parameters as inputs, the system sequentially performs solar zenith altitude shading correction and multi-component irradiance numerical calculations, and then solves for the globally optimal support tilt angle for cloudy days using coupled formulas. .

[0028] In practice, the solar zenith altitude angle is calculated based on the current date, the power station's latitude and longitude, and the real-time time. The azimuth angle γ of the sun's horizontal plane, combined with the occlusion correction tracking zenith angle calculated using GCR, is used to determine the occlusion correction. Let the real-time tilt angle of the support be β, and the solar incidence angle be AOI. Based on the isotropic scattering model, the scattered irradiance, ground reflected irradiance, and direct irradiance are calculated step by step and superimposed to obtain the total planar irradiance. Then, the solar azimuth, support axis azimuth, all irradiance, and array parameters are integrated, and the solution is obtained through the arctangent continuous function. The calculation results of steps S31 and S32 are used as inputs for solving the optimal tilt angle and calculating theoretical irradiance.

[0029] Step S4 mainly involves the soft limit safety correction of the support: the solution obtained Compared with the soft limit values ​​of the support, the tilt angle values ​​that exceed the safe range are corrected by boundary adjustment, and the optimal safe and usable tilt angle is output.

[0030] Specifically, the solution obtained in step S3 Compare with the pre-stored soft limit values ​​of the support frame, if If the rotation angle exceeds the safe range of the support, then... Corrected to the limit boundary; after limit correction The unified standard is used as the benchmark for calculating the rate of return and determining the two-level thresholds in all subsequent calculations to avoid mechanical collision damage caused by the stent overtravel.

[0031] Step S5 mainly involves the quantitative calculation of irradiation yield: This is achieved using measured values... Model derivation Substitute the values ​​into the percentage formula to calculate the irradiance gain R that the current attitude adjustment can bring.

[0032] Specifically, the limit correction after step S4 Substitute the complete set of irradiance calculation formulas recorded in step S3 to solve for the theoretical total plane irradiance corresponding to the optimal tilt angle. Combined with actual measurements Substitute the percentage difference formula to calculate the irradiance yield R. The calculated R is used as the input parameter for the first-level threshold judgment in step S6, which intuitively represents the proportion of light energy increase that can be obtained by adjusting the bracket angle.

[0033] Step S6 mainly involves a two-stage cascaded logic judgment of irradiation benefit and angle dead zone: executing R and ... sequentially. The inclination angle difference and the two-level values ​​of Δβ are compared to complete the joint judgment under two conditions.

[0034] The system sequentially performs two judgments: the irradiation yield threshold and the angle dead zone threshold. The two conditions are related by "logical AND". Only when both conditions are met can the adjustment process be entered. If either condition is not met, the current posture of the stent is maintained.

[0035] First-level gain determination: Compare the irradiation yield R with the trigger threshold. If R≥ If the tilt angle is positive, it indicates that there is an effective light energy gain from the adjustment, and the process proceeds to the second level of angle assessment; otherwise, it is determined that the adjustment has no economic benefit, and the current tilt angle is maintained. constant.

[0036] Second-level angle dead zone determination: Calculate the absolute value of the difference between the optimal tilt angle and the current actual tilt angle. If the difference is greater than or equal to the angle dead zone Δβ, it means that the angle offset is large enough to warrant starting the motor for adjustment; if the difference is less than the dead zone threshold, it is determined that the benefits of a small adjustment cannot offset the motor energy consumption and mechanical wear, and the bracket remains stationary.

[0037] Step S7 mainly involves bracket drive adjustment and closed-loop cycle refresh: only when both levels of judgment are satisfied, the controller outputs an angle adjustment command to the drive motor and synchronously updates the internally stored data. After waiting for one sampling period, S1 to S7 are executed again to form a closed-loop control.

[0038] Specifically, when both conditions are met simultaneously, the photovoltaic tracking controller outputs a corresponding angle drive signal to the bracket drive motor, and the bracket completes the angle adjustment; after the adjustment is completed, the controller refreshes the current actual tilt angle of the bracket in the storage unit. After waiting for the preset sampling period, the entire process of acquisition, calculation, and judgment from steps S1 to S7 is automatically restarted to achieve uninterrupted closed-loop adaptive control.

[0039] To further clarify this technical solution, the complete definition of the technical features is supplemented as shown in the table below:

[0040] A photovoltaic single-axis tracker control system based on energy gain triggering includes an irradiation acquisition device, an optional weather sensor, a photovoltaic tracking controller, and a support drive motor; The irradiation acquisition equipment includes a horizontal irradiator, a support planar total irradiator, and a fully automatic tracking irradiator; The optional meteorological sensing devices include wind speed sensors, temperature and humidity sensors, and cloud cover monitoring sensors. The photovoltaic tracking controller is equipped with a processor, a storage unit, an irradiation signal acquisition interface, a meteorological sensor interface, and a motor drive output port. The storage unit stores a computer program that executes the method described above. The irradiation signal acquisition interface is electrically connected to the horizontal irradiator, the support plane total irradiator, and the fully automatic tracking irradiator, respectively. The meteorological sensor interface is electrically connected to the wind speed sensor, temperature and humidity sensor, and cloud cover monitoring sensor, respectively. The motor drive output port is electrically connected to the bracket drive motor and is used to output angle adjustment drive electrical signals; The processor is electrically connected to the storage unit, the irradiation signal acquisition interface, the meteorological sensor interface, and the motor drive output port, respectively.

[0041] Based on this methodology, the system consists of four main hardware components: an irradiation acquisition device, an optional meteorological sensor, a photovoltaic tracking controller, and a support drive motor. The sensing components included in each type of device are clearly defined. The controller is internally configured with a processor, a storage unit, and three types of signal interfaces. The storage unit stores all programs with complete execution rights 1 to 7. Each interface is connected to a corresponding sensor device, and the processor processes the data and outputs adjustment signals through the motor port. It should be noted that the above hardware structure is a publicly available existing structure, and this technical solution is not limited to it.

[0042] To further demonstrate the control performance of this system, under the premise of consistent array, meteorological, and geographical parameters, the recommended configuration range for the core control parameters is as follows: Standard value for the angle dead zone Δβ is 1°~2°, with a default of 2° for the engineering site; sampling period is 3~10 minutes, with a default of 5 minutes; irradiation yield trigger threshold... Three tiers are available: 0%, 2%, and 5%, to suit different power plant operation and maintenance needs. like Figure 2 As shown, =0: The support structure is continuously and finely adjusted in real time according to the sunlight, resulting in the best power generation throughout the day, but the frequency of motor start-stop operation is the highest. It is suitable for ground power stations that prioritize power generation revenue and have sufficient operation and maintenance resources. like Figure 3 As shown, =2%: Stepped intermittent adjustment, balancing light energy gain and wear of the transmission mechanism, is a standard setting for industrial and commercial, ground-mounted photovoltaic systems; like Figure 4 As shown, =5%: Adjustment is only initiated when the irradiance increase is significant, resulting in the fewest support actions and the lowest equipment wear. It is suitable for projects in remote mountainous areas, with high maintenance difficulty, and where extending the service life of the support is a priority. The disadvantage is that there is a slight adjustment lag in short-term, rapid cloud cluster scenarios.

[0043] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into a processing module, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into a module. The integrated module can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional module. If the integrated module is implemented as a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.

[0044] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic single-axis tracker control method based on energy gain triggering, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Collect real-time irradiance data, and load the pre-stored power station geography, support layout, east-west soft limit of the support, and all control threshold parameters into the photovoltaic tracking controller. S2. Determine the illumination conditions based on real-time total horizontal irradiance (GHI) and the ratio of horizontal diffuse irradiance to total horizontal irradiance (DHI / GHI). When the cloudy day determination conditions are met, switch to the irradiance adaptive cloudy day mode. S3. Based on the spatiotemporal and support arrangement parameters, complete the solar altitude array shading correction, multi-component irradiance component calculation, and solve the globally optimal support tilt angle on cloudy days. ; S4, Optimal support tilt angle for cloudy weather Perform soft limit safety correction on the support structure; S5, combined with the current measured total planar irradiance of the support. Optimal tilt angle theoretical total irradiance Calculate the irradiation yield R; S6. Sequentially execute the irradiation yield trigger threshold. Two-stage cascaded conditional judgment of angle dead zone threshold Δβ; S7. Only when both judgment conditions are met simultaneously, the controller outputs a drive command to adjust the support to the globally optimal support tilt angle on cloudy days. Update the current actual tilt angle of the support. Steps S1-S7 are executed repeatedly at intervals of one sampling period.

2. The photovoltaic single-axis tracker control method based on energy gain triggering according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S1 includes: S11. Horizontal total irradiance (GHI) is collected using a horizontal irradiance meter, and the measured planar total irradiance of the component is collected using a planar total irradiance meter on the support structure. The fully automated tracking irradiation instrument collects direct radiation (DNI) and horizontal diffused radiation (DHI). S12. Pre-store the following parameters in the controller storage unit: ground cover rate (GCR), surface reflectance (a), east-west soft limit of the support, reverse tracking start-up elevation angle, nighttime homing angle, sampling period, angle dead zone (Δβ), and irradiance yield trigger threshold. Preset GHI switching threshold and preset scattering ratio threshold; Among them, the collected total horizontal irradiance (GHI), direct irradiance (DNI), and horizontal diffuse irradiance (DHI) are all used for the working condition determination in step S2 and the irradiance component calculation in step S3; the ground cover rate (GCR) and surface reflectivity (a) are used for solar angle shading correction and irradiance solution; the angle dead zone threshold (Δβ) and the irradiance yield trigger threshold are used. Various angle thresholds are used for limit correction in step S4 and two-level action judgment in step S6, respectively.

3. The photovoltaic single-axis tracker control method based on energy gain triggering according to claim 2, characterized in that, Step S2 includes: S21. Define the nighttime period based on the astronomical sunrise and sunset times; when the real-time solar zenith altitude is less than the reverse tracking start altitude angle, it is determined to be a low solar altitude angle operating condition. S22. When the total horizontal irradiance (GHI) is less than the preset GHI switching threshold, and the ratio of horizontal scattered irradiance to total horizontal irradiance (DHI / GHI) is greater than the preset scattering ratio threshold, switch to the irradiance adaptive cloudy mode. S23. Forcefully exit the irradiation adaptive cloudy mode during the nighttime period and perform the nighttime return operation; perform the reverse tracking operation to eliminate array shadows under the low solar altitude angle condition; the operation of the irradiation adaptive cloudy mode does not cover the original control process of astronomical tracking, reverse tracking, and nighttime return.

4. The photovoltaic single-axis tracker control method based on energy gain triggering according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step S3 includes: S31. Obtain the solar zenith altitude angle based on the current date, power station latitude and longitude, and real-time time. Combined with ground coverage GCR calculation, occlusion correction tracking zenith angle is calculated. : ； S32. Given that the real-time tilt angle of the support is β and the solar incidence angle is AOI, calculate the three types of irradiance components step by step based on the isotropic scattering model: Scattered radiation: ; Ground-reflected radiation: ; Direct radiation: ; Total planar irradiation: ; S33, Input solar horizontal azimuth angle γ, horizontal azimuth angle γ' of the single-axis support rotation axis, and occlusion correction tracking zenith angle. Given total horizontal irradiance (GHI), direct irradiance (DNI), horizontal diffuse irradiance (DHI), and surface reflectivity (a), determine the globally optimal support tilt angle on a cloudy day. : 。 5. The photovoltaic single-axis tracker control method based on energy gain triggering according to claim 4, characterized in that, Step S4 is: The globally optimal support tilt angle for cloudy days, obtained in step S3, is... Compared with the soft limit values ​​of the support, if it is cloudy, the optimal global support tilt angle is determined. If the angle exceeds the safe angle range, then the optimal support tilt angle for cloudy days will be determined. Corrected to the east and west soft limit boundaries of the stent; the corrected global optimal stent tilt angle for cloudy weather. Participate in all operations of steps S5 and S6.

6. The photovoltaic single-axis tracker control method based on energy gain triggering according to claim 5, characterized in that, Step S5 is: Adjusting the globally optimal support tilt angle for cloudy days as corrected in step S4. Substituting all the irradiance calculation formulas recorded in step S3, we can solve for the optimal tilt angle theoretical plane total irradiance. Combined with the measured total planar irradiance at the current tilt angle of the support frame Calculate the irradiation yield R: ； The calculated irradiation yield R is fed into step S6 as the input parameter for the first-level judgment.

7. The photovoltaic single-axis tracker control method based on energy gain triggering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two-level judgment execution process of step S6 is as follows: S61. First-level judgment: If the irradiation yield R ≥ the irradiation yield trigger threshold If the condition is met, proceed to the second level of judgment; otherwise, maintain the current actual tilt angle of the support. constant; S62, Second-level judgment: Calculate | Corrected global optimal support tilt angle for cloudy days Current actual tilt angle of the support If the difference is greater than or equal to the angle dead zone Δβ, proceed to step S7; otherwise, maintain the current actual tilt angle of the support. constant.

8. A photovoltaic single-axis tracker control system based on energy gain triggering, characterized in that, Includes irradiation acquisition equipment, optional weather sensors, photovoltaic tracking controller, and bracket drive motor; The irradiation acquisition equipment includes a horizontal irradiator, a support planar total irradiator, and a fully automatic tracking irradiator; The optional meteorological sensing devices include wind speed sensors, temperature and humidity sensors, and cloud cover monitoring sensors. The photovoltaic tracking controller is equipped with a processor, a storage unit, an irradiation signal acquisition interface, a meteorological sensor interface, and a motor drive output port. The storage unit contains a computer program that executes any one of the steps described in claims 1-7; The irradiation signal acquisition interface is electrically connected to the horizontal irradiator, the support plane total irradiator, and the fully automatic tracking irradiator, respectively. The meteorological sensor interface is electrically connected to the wind speed sensor, temperature and humidity sensor, and cloud cover monitoring sensor, respectively. The motor drive output port is electrically connected to the bracket drive motor and is used to output angle adjustment drive electrical signals; The processor is electrically connected to the storage unit, the irradiation signal acquisition interface, the meteorological sensor interface, and the motor drive output port, respectively.

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