Greenhouse light and temperature intelligent control system based on hoisting type photovoltaic module

Abstract

The application discloses a greenhouse light and temperature intelligent regulation system based on a hoisting type photovoltaic module, which comprises a hoisting type light and soft photovoltaic module unit, a guide rail type hoisting and sliding structure, a distributed environment and safety sensing network, a control and communication unit, an energy management system and an intelligent regulation algorithm module. The photovoltaic module is hoisted on the top of the greenhouse and can slide, lift and adjust the pitch angle without additional support. The sensing network collects environment and safety data, and the control unit generates an optimal regulation strategy in combination with an intelligent algorithm to drive the module posture adjustment to realize light and temperature collaborative control. The energy management system realizes photovoltaic power generation, energy storage and load scheduling to construct an energy self-circulation. The application can precisely regulate the light and temperature environment of the greenhouse, improve the energy utilization rate and crop growth efficiency, has light weight and strong adaptability, is suitable for multiple types of greenhouses and old renovation, and realizes integrated operation of agricultural and photovoltaic complementation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of facility agriculture, agricultural photovoltaic integration and intelligent greenhouse equipment technology, and in particular to an intelligent control system for greenhouse light and temperature based on suspended photovoltaic modules. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional greenhouses rely on shading nets, insulation curtains, ventilation windows, and temperature control equipment for environmental regulation. While modern greenhouses incorporate sensors and automatic control, they still suffer from several drawbacks: low energy efficiency, with shading and heating systems operating independently, failing to achieve integrated management of light and heat energy, resulting in energy waste; passive and slow-responding regulation methods, unable to adapt to environmental and crop needs; complex system structure, high maintenance costs, high energy consumption, and insufficient reliability; limited environmental control precision, with ventilation and misting systems greatly affected by external factors, leading to uneven control effects; limited space utilization, with fixed shading structures affecting top light distribution and operation; and a lack of energy recovery and self-sufficiency, relying on external power supply and failing to achieve energy self-circulation. Existing integrated photovoltaic solutions for greenhouses mostly involve rigid photovoltaic panels installed on the roof or externally, requiring additional load-bearing supports, resulting in high construction costs and structural loads; fixed photovoltaic panel density and orientation, preventing dynamic adjustment of shading and light intake; and a lack of recovery and utilization of heat generated during power generation, resulting in a single form of energy utilization.

[0003] Therefore, developing an intelligent control system that can synergistically achieve light regulation, temperature management, photovoltaic power generation, and energy self-sufficiency has become an urgent technical problem to be solved in the field of facility agriculture and agricultural photovoltaic integration. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent control system for greenhouse light and temperature based on suspended photovoltaic modules.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] This invention provides an intelligent control system for light and temperature in greenhouses based on suspended photovoltaic modules, comprising:

[0007] The suspended flexible photovoltaic module unit is arranged below the top structure of the greenhouse without the need for additional support structure. The suspended flexible photovoltaic module unit is connected to the external guide rail structure through a hanging sliding mechanism, and can move back and forth along a preset path. The suspended flexible photovoltaic module unit is equipped with a pitch angle adjustment mechanism, a lifting mechanism, and angle and height position feedback sensors.

[0008] The suspended sliding mechanism drives multiple suspended flexible photovoltaic modules to move along the guide rail, so that the photovoltaic modules can be arranged in a clustered, uniform or distributed manner, thereby realizing dynamic adjustment of photovoltaic coverage.

[0009] The pitch angle adjustment mechanism and lifting mechanism are used to adjust the attitude and spatial position of the photovoltaic modules, so as to achieve coordinated optimization of greenhouse light transmittance, shading rate and power generation efficiency, and realize overall control of the greenhouse or independent control of zones.

[0010] The guide rail type hoisting and sliding structure extends longitudinally along the top of the greenhouse to carry and support the hoisted flexible photovoltaic module units to enable movement, while maintaining the stability of the photovoltaic modules' working posture;

[0011] A distributed environment and safety sensor network is used to collect environmental parameters inside and outside the greenhouse and system safety monitoring data in real time, and to output the collected data to the outside.

[0012] The control and communication unit is connected to the distributed environment and safety sensor network, the suspended flexible photovoltaic module unit, and the energy management system respectively. It is used to receive and process the collected data and output control commands based on the processing results.

[0013] The energy management system is electrically connected to the suspended flexible photovoltaic module unit to realize photovoltaic power generation reception, energy storage, energy distribution and load scheduling management, and to provide power supply for the system's own equipment, greenhouse planting management equipment and lighting equipment;

[0014] The intelligent control algorithm module is embedded in the control and communication unit or communicates with the control and communication unit. The intelligent control algorithm module integrates a crop growth demand model, a greenhouse microclimate prediction model, a photovoltaic power generation prediction model, and an optimization control algorithm. It is used to generate the optimal attitude control strategy and energy dispatch strategy for photovoltaic modules based on the collected data and preset targets.

[0015] The control and communication unit drives the pitch angle adjustment mechanism, lifting mechanism and hanging sliding mechanism to move according to the optimal attitude control strategy, adjusts the attitude of photovoltaic modules in real time, and coordinates the control of greenhouse light distribution, temperature environment control and energy utilization optimization. According to the energy dispatch strategy, it controls the energy management system to complete power distribution and energy storage dispatch.

[0016] Furthermore, the pitch angle adjustment mechanism adopts a mechanical linkage structure driven by a servo motor or a gear and rack structure driven by a stepper motor. The pitch angle adjustment mechanism can drive the photovoltaic module to achieve bidirectional attitude adjustment within a preset angle range.

[0017] Furthermore, the lifting mechanism is selected from any one of the hoisting mechanism, chain lifting mechanism, and screw lifting mechanism. The lifting mechanism is equipped with a mechanical self-locking component, which can maintain the photovoltaic module height stability after adjustment.

[0018] Furthermore, the guide rail type hoisting and sliding structure adopts a splicable metal closed guide rail, combined with a double pulley bearing structure. The double pulley bearing structure is used to improve the anti-sway capability and operational stability of the photovoltaic module during movement.

[0019] Furthermore, the suspended flexible photovoltaic module unit adopts flexible thin-film photovoltaic modules, lightweight crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules or other lightweight photovoltaic modules, which can be directly suspended on the original frame of the greenhouse without the need to set up an independent photovoltaic support structure.

[0020] Furthermore, the distributed environment and safety sensor network includes one or more combinations of photosynthetically active radiation sensors, full-spectrum light intensity sensors, air temperature and humidity sensors, carbon dioxide sensors, vapor pressure deficit sensors, wind speed and vibration sensors, external meteorological monitoring modules, and electrical safety monitoring sensors.

[0021] Furthermore, the energy management system includes a DC-DC converter optimizer, a photovoltaic grid-connected module or a micro-inverter module, an electrical energy storage unit and / or a thermal energy storage unit, a load management module, a DC bus and an intelligent power distribution unit, and is capable of executing a power generation priority supply strategy, an energy storage charging and discharging scheduling strategy, a peak-valley electricity price response strategy and a load priority guarantee strategy.

[0022] Furthermore, the intelligent control algorithm module also integrates a differential adjustment model for illumination uniformity, a greenhouse heat balance model, and an extreme weather safety avoidance algorithm. The extreme weather safety avoidance algorithm can control the photovoltaic module to adjust to a preset safe posture when the monitored parameters exceed the safety threshold.

[0023] Furthermore, the system also includes a supplemental lighting and distributed lighting system, which is electrically connected to the energy management system and is powered by the photovoltaic power generation unit and the energy storage unit. The energy management system performs energy dispatching on the supplemental lighting equipment, agricultural lighting equipment and greenhouse environmental control equipment according to the crop growth needs, ambient light conditions and energy storage status, so as to realize the integrated and coordinated operation of photovoltaic power generation, energy storage, supplemental lighting and agricultural energy use.

[0024] Furthermore, the energy management system is equipped with a distributed lighting interface, which can provide power output for supplemental lighting equipment, mobile lighting equipment and surrounding agricultural facilities in the greenhouse.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution disclosed in this invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] This invention utilizes a flexible, tiltable, and height-adjustable structure for suspended photovoltaic module units, combined with a guide rail-type suspended sliding structure. Without the need for additional support, it enables flexible adjustment of the photovoltaic module's coverage density, tilt angle, and height, integrating photovoltaic power generation, shading and light regulation functions. This solves the problems of traditional photovoltaic modules requiring additional supports and having insufficient adjustment capabilities, thereby reducing construction costs and greenhouse load-bearing capacity.

[0027] The distributed environment and security sensor network comprehensively collects internal and external environmental data. Combined with the control and communication unit and intelligent regulation algorithm module, it realizes real-time closed-loop regulation of light and temperature environment, improves regulation accuracy and response speed, optimizes the uniformity of light in the greenhouse, and improves crop photosynthetic efficiency and growth quality.

[0028] The energy management system enables intelligent management of photovoltaic power generation, energy storage, and load scheduling, builds an energy self-circulation system, prioritizes the operation of core loads, reduces dependence on external energy, improves energy utilization efficiency, and meets the needs of energy conservation and consumption reduction.

[0029] The intelligent control algorithm module integrates extreme weather risk avoidance algorithms and combines them with safety sensor monitoring to enable automatic safety adjustments of components under severe weather conditions such as strong winds, thereby improving the safety and reliability of system operation.

[0030] The system adopts a modular and scalable design, adaptable to various types of greenhouses and renovation scenarios, easy to install and maintain, expandable supplemental lighting and illumination functions, expands agricultural photovoltaic application scenarios, and has strong applicability and promotion value. Attached Figure Description

[0031] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a greenhouse light and temperature intelligent control system based on suspended photovoltaic modules, provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides an intelligent control system for greenhouse light and temperature based on suspended photovoltaic modules, including:

[0036] 1. A suspended flexible photovoltaic module unit (hereinafter referred to as a suspended module) is installed longitudinally along the top of the greenhouse. Each module includes: a monocrystalline silicon or thin-film photovoltaic panel (a new type of flexible photovoltaic module, such as flexible CIGS or lightweight crystalline silicon module, which is lightweight and flexible), a lightweight aluminum alloy frame, a guide rail sliding connector, a pitch angle adjustment mechanism (servo / stepping actuator), a lifting mechanism (hoisting / chain / screw mechanism), a safety self-locking structure, and angle and height position feedback sensors (encoder or optical ruler). The angle adjustment range is ±45° to ±90°; the lifting stroke is 0.5–2.0 m, which can meet the needs of different crop stages and different seasons for light distribution. A distributed environmental sensor network is also included, comprising a light sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, a radiometer, a soil temperature and humidity sensor, and a CO2 sensor. The sensors communicate with the control unit in a mesh or star topology.

[0037] 2. The guide rail type hoisting and sliding structure is composed of closed aluminum-magnesium alloy guide rails and multi-wheel load-bearing trolleys. It features high rigidity, low friction operation, double pulley structure to improve anti-sway capability, modular splicing for easy installation, double limit to prevent overtravel, and quick disassembly and maintenance. It can realize the precise movement and posture maintenance of photovoltaic modules in the roof area.

[0038] 3. Distributed environmental and safety sensor network, including PAR (photosynthetically active radiation) sensor, full-spectrum light intensity sensor, air temperature and humidity sensor, CO2, VPD (vapor pressure deficit) sensor, (wind speed, wind direction, wind vibration) sensor, external weather station module (radiation, precipitation, snow accumulation) and (smoke, overcurrent, overvoltage, leakage safety) sensor. The sensors are connected to the central control unit via wired (RS485 / CAN) or wireless (LoRaMesh) networking.

[0039] 4. The Control and Communication Unit (CCU) includes an edge computing module, a main control PLC / industrial computer, a data acquisition module, a communication module (Modbus, CAN, LoRa, MQTT), and a local storage and security encryption module. Its functions include real-time data acquisition, closed-loop control of actuators, cloud interconnection and remote maintenance, OTA firmware upgrades, and fault tolerance and security policy management.

[0040] 5. Energy Management System (EMS), including DC / DC optimizer, photovoltaic grid-connected inverter or micro-inverter system, energy storage battery pack, load management module and DC bus and intelligent power distribution unit, supports generation priority strategy, peak and valley electricity price response, energy storage scheduling, priority protection of important loads (such as supplementary lighting, irrigation pumps) and abnormal power outage protection mode.

[0041] 6. Intelligent control algorithm module, including MPC model predictive control, photovoltaic power generation prediction model, greenhouse microclimate model (light-temperature coupling, ventilation model), shading uniformity model, crop growth stage parameter model and extreme weather avoidance algorithm, to realize dynamic optimal adjustment of photovoltaic module angle / height, comprehensive optimization of light, temperature and energy, predictive control strategy for the next 24-72 hours, and automatic retraction / flat placement safety avoidance function.

[0042] 7. Distributed lighting interface: The energy storage module has a reserved DC output port, which can be connected to distributed LED supplemental lights in the greenhouse, mobile lighting equipment or lighting of surrounding agricultural facilities to realize a complementary agricultural-solar lighting network.

[0043] The specific implementation method is as follows:

[0044] Example 1: System Structure and Installation

[0045] The greenhouse roof features a longitudinally arranged guide rail-type suspended sliding structure, employing modular aluminum-magnesium alloy closed guide rails fixed to the existing steel structure without additional support. Suspended, flexible photovoltaic module units are connected to the guide rails via a double-pulley suspension sliding mechanism. The modules are flexible CIGS thin-film photovoltaic modules with lightweight aluminum alloy frames. Each photovoltaic module is independently equipped with a servo motor-driven pitch angle adjustment mechanism and a winch-type lifting mechanism. The lifting mechanism has a built-in mechanical self-locking component and is equipped with angle and height encoders as position feedback sensors. A distributed environmental and safety sensor network is layered, with photosynthetically active radiation sensors, temperature and humidity sensors, and carbon dioxide sensors installed inside the greenhouse. Wind speed and vibration sensors are installed on the roof, and a meteorological monitoring module is installed outside the greenhouse. All sensors are connected to the control and communication unit via a communication bus. The control and communication unit uses a PLC as the main controller, paired with an edge computing module and a LoRa communication module. The energy management system integrates a micro-inverter, a lithium iron phosphate energy storage battery pack, and an intelligent power distribution unit. The intelligent control algorithm module is embedded in the edge computing unit to complete local real-time calculations.

[0046] Example 2: Coordinated Operation of Light and Temperature

[0047] Inside the greenhouse, photosynthetically active radiation sensors and temperature and humidity sensors collect real-time data on light intensity and air temperature at the crop layer. An external weather station monitors external radiation and wind speed. This data is transmitted via a control and communication unit to an intelligent regulation algorithm module. The algorithm combines the crop's light and temperature requirements with a greenhouse heat balance model for calculations: when the light intensity is too high and the temperature is too high, the control unit drives the tilt angle adjustment mechanism to increase the component's tilt angle and the lifting mechanism to appropriately lower the height, enhancing the shading effect and reducing heat accumulation inside the greenhouse; when the light intensity is insufficient and the temperature is too low, the component's tilt angle is reduced and the height is increased to increase light transmission and improve greenhouse heating efficiency. Angle and height position feedback sensors transmit component posture data in real-time, and the control unit performs closed-loop corrections to ensure uniform light distribution and stable temperature within the suitable range for the crops.

[0048] Example 3: Energy Management and Safety Risk Mitigation Operation

[0049] The energy management system prioritizes power generation. During the day, photovoltaic power directly supplies loads such as system actuators, sensors, irrigation, and ventilation; excess energy is stored in energy storage batteries. During peak grid price periods, stored energy is used first to reduce electricity costs. During off-peak periods, stored energy is automatically replenished to ensure stable operation of equipment at night and on cloudy days. When wind speed and vibration sensor parameters exceed safety thresholds, the intelligent control algorithm module triggers an extreme weather safety avoidance algorithm, controlling the photovoltaic modules to quickly adjust to a horizontal position and rise to their highest position to prevent damage from strong winds and ensure the safety of the system and greenhouse structure. This system supports independent adjustment of single modules and zone-linked adjustment, enabling refined light and temperature management based on the different growth needs of various crops. The modular structure allows for quick disassembly and maintenance, adapting to various greenhouses and renovation projects.

[0050] The basic principles of the present invention have been described above with reference to specific embodiments. However, it should be noted that the advantages, benefits, and effects mentioned in the present invention are merely examples and not limitations, and should not be considered as essential features of each embodiment of the present invention. Furthermore, the specific details disclosed above are for illustrative and facilitative purposes only, and are not limitations. These details do not limit the present invention to the necessity of employing the aforementioned specific details.

[0051] The block diagrams of devices, apparatuses, devices, and systems involved in this invention are merely illustrative examples and are not intended to require or imply that they must be connected, arranged, or configured in the manner shown in the block diagrams. As those skilled in the art will recognize, these devices, apparatuses, devices, and systems can be connected, arranged, and configured in any manner. Words such as “comprising,” “including,” “having,” etc., are open-ended terms meaning “including but not limited to,” and are used interchangeably with them. The terms “or” and “and” as used herein refer to the terms “and / or,” and are used interchangeably with them unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term “such as” as used herein refers to the phrase “such as but not limited to,” and is used interchangeably with it.

[0052] It should also be noted that in the apparatus, device, and method of the present invention, the components or steps can be disassembled and / or recombined. These disassemblies and / or recombinations should be considered as equivalent solutions of the present invention.

[0053] The above description of the disclosed aspects is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other aspects without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but rather to be carried out within the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

[0054] It should be understood that the qualifying terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", "fifth" and "sixth" used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0055] The above description has been given for purposes of illustration and description. Furthermore, this description is not intended to limit the embodiments of the invention to the forms disclosed herein. Although numerous exemplary aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, those skilled in the art will recognize certain variations, modifications, alterations, additions, and sub-combinations therein.

Claims

1. A greenhouse light and temperature intelligent control system based on suspended photovoltaic modules, characterized in that, include: The suspended, lightweight photovoltaic module unit is installed below the top structure of the greenhouse and requires no additional support structure. The suspended flexible photovoltaic module unit is connected to the external guide rail structure through a suspension sliding mechanism, and can move back and forth along a preset path. The suspended flexible photovoltaic module unit is equipped with a pitch angle adjustment mechanism, a lifting mechanism, and angle and height position feedback sensors. The suspended sliding mechanism drives multiple suspended flexible photovoltaic modules to move along the guide rail, so that the photovoltaic modules can be arranged in a clustered, uniform or distributed manner, thereby realizing dynamic adjustment of photovoltaic coverage. The pitch angle adjustment mechanism and lifting mechanism are used to adjust the attitude and spatial position of the photovoltaic modules, so as to achieve coordinated optimization of greenhouse light transmittance, shading rate and power generation efficiency, and realize overall control of the greenhouse or independent control of zones. The guide rail type hoisting and sliding structure extends longitudinally along the top of the greenhouse to carry and support the hoisted flexible photovoltaic module units to enable movement, while maintaining the stability of the photovoltaic modules' working posture; A distributed environment and safety sensor network is used to collect environmental parameters inside and outside the greenhouse and system safety monitoring data in real time, and output the collected data to the outside. The control and communication unit is connected to the distributed environment and safety sensor network, the suspended flexible photovoltaic module unit, and the energy management system respectively. It is used to receive and process the collected data and output control commands based on the processing results. The energy management system is electrically connected to the suspended flexible photovoltaic module unit to realize photovoltaic power generation reception, energy storage, energy distribution and load scheduling management, and to provide power supply for the system's own equipment, greenhouse planting management equipment and lighting equipment; The intelligent control algorithm module is embedded in the control and communication unit or communicates with the control and communication unit. The intelligent control algorithm module integrates a crop growth demand model, a greenhouse microclimate prediction model, a photovoltaic power generation prediction model, and an optimization control algorithm. It is used to generate the optimal attitude control strategy and energy dispatch strategy for photovoltaic modules based on the collected data and preset targets. The control and communication unit drives the pitch angle adjustment mechanism, lifting mechanism and hanging sliding mechanism to move according to the optimal attitude control strategy, adjusts the attitude of photovoltaic modules in real time, and coordinates the control of greenhouse light distribution, temperature environment control and energy utilization optimization. According to the energy dispatch strategy, it controls the energy management system to complete power distribution and energy storage dispatch.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pitch angle adjustment mechanism adopts a mechanical linkage structure driven by a servo motor or a gear and rack structure driven by a stepper motor. The pitch angle adjustment mechanism can drive the photovoltaic module to achieve bidirectional attitude adjustment within a preset angle range.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lifting mechanism is selected from any one of the winch mechanism, chain lifting mechanism, and screw lifting mechanism. The lifting mechanism is equipped with a mechanical self-locking component, which can maintain the photovoltaic module height stability after adjustment.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide rail type hoisting and sliding structure adopts a splicable metal closed guide rail, combined with a double pulley bearing structure. The double pulley bearing structure is used to improve the anti-sway ability and operational stability of photovoltaic modules during movement.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The suspended flexible photovoltaic module unit adopts flexible thin-film photovoltaic modules, lightweight crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules or other lightweight photovoltaic modules, which can be directly suspended on the original frame of the greenhouse without the need to set up an independent photovoltaic support structure.

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distributed environment and safety sensor network includes one or more combinations of photosynthetically active radiation sensors, full-spectrum light intensity sensors, air temperature and humidity sensors, carbon dioxide sensors, vapor pressure deficit sensors, wind speed and vibration sensors, external meteorological monitoring modules, and electrical safety monitoring sensors.

7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy management system includes a DC-DC converter optimizer, a photovoltaic grid-connected module or a micro-inverter module, an electric energy storage unit and / or a thermal energy storage unit, a load management module, a DC bus and an intelligent power distribution unit, and is capable of executing a power generation priority supply strategy, an energy storage charging and discharging scheduling strategy, a peak-valley electricity price response strategy and a load priority guarantee strategy.

8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent control algorithm module also integrates a differential adjustment model for light uniformity, a greenhouse heat balance model, and an extreme weather safety avoidance algorithm. The extreme weather safety avoidance algorithm can control the photovoltaic module to adjust to a preset safe posture when the monitored parameters exceed the safety threshold.

9. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes a supplemental lighting and distributed lighting system, which is electrically connected to the energy management system and is powered by the photovoltaic power generation unit and the energy storage unit. The energy management system performs energy dispatching on the supplemental lighting equipment, agricultural lighting equipment and greenhouse environmental control equipment according to the crop growth needs, ambient light conditions and energy storage status, so as to realize the integrated and coordinated operation of photovoltaic power generation, energy storage, supplemental lighting and agricultural energy use.

10. The system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The energy management system is equipped with a distributed lighting interface, which can provide power output for supplemental lighting equipment in the greenhouse, mobile lighting equipment and surrounding agricultural facilities.

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