Aluminum-wood formwork combined optimization construction method and system based on BIM model

Abstract

The present application relates to a BIM model-based aluminum-wood formwork combination optimization construction method and system. The method comprises: establishing a standard layer aluminum formwork BIM model and a target floor structure BIM model; applying the aluminum formwork model to the target floor and comparing the layer height, component size, opening and structural changes, and identifying the areas that cannot be covered by the aluminum formwork through Boolean operation; generating position, area, shape and number data of the wood formwork filling area; optimizing the cutting path based on a two-dimensional layout algorithm to generate a wood formwork processing diagram and a cutting list; and installing the prefabricated wood formwork according to the number on site and performing three-dimensional scanning acceptance. The present application realizes automatic identification and accurate prefabrication of wood formwork requirements, can improve construction efficiency by more than 50%, reduce material loss to less than 5%, ensure concrete molding quality, and is suitable for super high-rise building non-standard layer formwork engineering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of building construction technology, specifically relating to an optimized construction method and system based on BIM (Building Information Modeling) that combines aluminum alloy formwork with wooden formwork, applicable to formwork engineering construction where the standard floor structure of super high-rise buildings changes frequently. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction of super high-rise buildings, aluminum alloy formwork (referred to as "aluminum formwork") is widely used in the construction of standard floors due to its advantages such as high construction efficiency, good forming quality, and high turnover rate. An aluminum formwork system typically includes aluminum formwork components such as wall panels, beams, and floor slabs, as well as a corresponding support system. These components are connected by pins, bolts, and other methods. However, some super high-rise buildings experience multiple structural changes between standard floors, or even have multiple standard floors. This is mainly reflected in the following aspects: Variation in refuge floor height: The height of the refuge floor is usually greater than that of the standard floor (e.g., 3.0m for the standard floor and 3.6m for the refuge floor), which leads to a mismatch in the height of the vertical components of the aluminum formwork, making it impossible to directly apply the aluminum formwork. Structural component size changes: The beam cross-section, wall thickness, and slab thickness of some floors have changed, and the size of the standard floor aluminum formwork cannot cover the changed components; Changes in the location of reserved openings: The locations of reserved openings for mechanical and electrical systems and flue openings differ on different floors, resulting in a mismatch between the opening locations of the aluminum formwork on the standard floors and those on the new floors; Local structural changes: The size or location of components such as balconies, bay windows, and canopies may be adjusted on different floors, and the standard floor aluminum formwork cannot adapt to these local changes.

[0003] Currently, the conventional practice for addressing structural variations between standard floors in these super high-rise buildings is that the aluminum formwork contractor only designs the aluminum formwork for the typical standard floors, while the on-site construction workers supplement the formwork for the remaining floors based on the changes in components. However, this approach has revealed the following prominent problems in actual construction: Low construction efficiency: On-site temporary cutting of wooden formwork consumes a lot of time and requires repeated trial assembly, which significantly prolongs the installation time of each layer of formwork and seriously affects the overall construction progress; Uncontrollable costs: The on-site cutting of wooden formwork has a high wastage rate, usually reaching 15% to 20%, and on-site cutting requires a lot of manpower, resulting in high labor costs and making it difficult to control construction costs. Quality is difficult to guarantee: The wooden formwork cut on site has low dimensional accuracy and loose joints, which can easily lead to defects in the quality of concrete forming, such as grout leakage, bulging, and uneven surface. Significant material waste: The cut scraps cannot be reused, resulting in a large waste of wood, which does not meet the requirements of green construction.

[0004] Existing technologies include some research on the combined construction of aluminum and wood formwork. For example, aluminum and wood formwork are combined using connecting mechanisms to form a composite formwork construction system; or aluminum-wood combined reinforcement construction is carried out for specific areas such as doorways on non-standard floors. Some research also involves BIM-based formwork scaffolding construction methods, obtaining formwork attribute information through BIM models and assembling the formwork. However, these existing technologies have failed to address the core issues of how to systematically and accurately predict the aluminum-wood formwork combination area, automatically generate wood formwork processing data, and guide prefabrication.

[0005] Specifically, the existing technology has the following shortcomings: First, there is a lack of a systematic method for identifying the area where aluminum and wooden formwork are combined. Current practices rely on the experience and judgment of on-site construction personnel, which lacks objective and accurate identification standards and is prone to overlooking or misjudging areas that require wooden formwork filling.

[0006] Secondly, there is a lack of automated methods for generating data on timber formwork processing. In existing technologies, the dimensions and shape of timber formwork need to be determined manually based on on-site measurements, which is inefficient and lacks accuracy.

[0007] Third, there is a lack of a complete data chain from BIM model to prefabrication of timber formwork. Although BIM technology has been applied in formwork engineering, a complete closed-loop method from model comparison and area identification to fabrication drawing generation and on-site installation has not yet been formed.

[0008] Fourth, there is a lack of optimization of the cutting path for wooden formwork. On-site cutting is often arbitrary, and the cutting plan is not optimized from the perspective of overall layout, resulting in serious material waste.

[0009] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an aluminum-wood formwork combined construction method that can predict the area requiring wooden formwork in advance, accurately calculate the size and shape of the wooden formwork, automatically generate processing data, and optimize the cutting path, so as to improve construction efficiency, reduce material waste, and ensure construction quality. Summary of the Invention

[0010] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an optimized construction method and system for combining aluminum alloy formwork and wooden formwork based on a BIM model, aiming to achieve the following objectives: It can identify and accurately locate areas requiring aluminum-wood formwork integration in advance, and generate data on the wood formwork filling area; it can automatically generate wood formwork processing drawings and cutting data to achieve prefabrication and precise cutting of wood formwork; it can optimize the wood formwork cutting path to minimize material waste; and it can guide efficient on-site installation, improving the overall efficiency and quality of aluminum-wood formwork integration construction.

[0011] The technical solution of this invention is the optimized construction method combining aluminum and wood formwork based on BIM model, which is characterized by the following steps: Step S1. Establish a standard floor aluminum formwork BIM model: Based on the standard floor where the aluminum formwork detailing has been completed, establish a BIM model containing all aluminum formwork components. The aluminum formwork components include wall panels, beams, floor panels, and support systems. The BIM model contains the geometric dimensions, numbering, installation location, connection method, and support system layout information of the aluminum formwork. Step S2. Establish the structural BIM model of the target floor: According to the design drawings, establish the structural BIM model of each target floor that needs to be constructed. The structural BIM model includes floor elevation and floor height information, geometric dimensions and positions of structural components such as walls, beams, slabs and columns, wall nodes of the exterior walls, and the position and size information of reserved openings and embedded parts of each discipline. Step S3. Aluminum formwork model application and comparison: Copy the standard floor aluminum formwork BIM model established in step S1 and position it in the target floor. Compare it with the target floor structure BIM model established in step S2. The comparison includes changes in floor height, component size, opening location, and construction to identify the difference areas that the aluminum formwork cannot cover. Step S4. Generate wooden template filling area data: Based on the comparison results of step S3, generate area information that needs to be filled with wooden templates in the three-dimensional model. The area information includes area location, area area, area shape and area number. Step S5. Generate wood template processing drawing and cutting data: Based on the area data generated in step S4, generate wood template processing drawing. The processing drawing includes the shape, size, opening position, cutting path optimization information of each wood template, and the correspondence between the wood template number and the installation position. Step S6. On-site construction application: Submit the wood formwork processing data generated in step S5 to the on-site construction team. The carpentry workshop will cut the wood formwork in advance according to the processing data and conduct pre-assembly inspection. On-site, install the aluminum formwork according to the aluminum formwork standard layer drawings and install the wood formwork according to the corresponding positions of the numbers. After the installation is completed, the inspection will be carried out.

[0012] Preferably, the comparison in step S3 includes the following four dimensions: Floor height variation comparison: When the floor height of the target floor is inconsistent with that of the standard floor, the floor height difference ΔH=Htarget-Hstandard is calculated to identify areas where the vertical aluminum formwork height is insufficient. The height of the wooden formwork filling area extending vertically is equal to ΔH. Comparison of component size changes: When the beam section or wall thickness of the target floor is inconsistent with that of the standard floor, calculate the difference in cross-sectional size to identify the area that the aluminum formwork cannot cover. Comparison of changes in the position of the reserved opening: When the position of the reserved opening shifts, the opening offset vector is calculated to identify the area that needs to be blocked or adjusted; Structural Change Comparison: When the size or location of balcony, bay window, or canopy components changes, identify the areas requiring additional or reduced formwork. In step S3, the identification of the difference areas that the aluminum formwork cannot cover is achieved by using a Boolean operation method: the geometry of the standard floor aluminum formwork BIM model and the geometry of the target floor structure BIM model are subjected to a Boolean difference operation. The difference result is the geometric outline of the wooden formwork filling area, which is mathematically expressed as: Rfill=Vstructure∩(Valuminum), where Vstructure is the geometry of the target floor structure and Valuminum is the geometry of the standard floor aluminum formwork.

[0013] As a preferred method, the area calculation method in step S4 is as follows: For each wooden template filling area, its outline is projected onto a horizontal or vertical plane, and the polygon area calculation formula is used: S = ½|Σ(xi·y{i+1}-x{i+1}·yi)| Calculate the area of ​​each filled region. In the formula, xi and yi represent the planar coordinates of each vertex of the polygon outline of the filled area, i=1,2,…,n, and n is the number of vertices of the polygon. The area of ​​each area is summarized to generate a list of the required amount of wooden templates. In step S4, the wooden template filling area is marked with a highlight color block in the 3D model, and the axis position and floor elevation of each filling area are marked. Each wooden template filling area is uniquely numbered. The numbering rule is: floor number-area type-serial number, where the area type includes vertical filling area and horizontal filling area.

[0014] As a preferred option: the cutting path optimization method in step S5 includes: using a whole standard-sized wooden template as raw material, arranging the outlines of multiple wooden template filling areas in a two-dimensional layout within the plane of the raw material board, using a two-dimensional rectangular layout algorithm or an improved minimum horizontal line algorithm for layout optimization, taking maximizing material utilization as the objective function, and using a heuristic algorithm to determine the optimal layout position and cutting order of each wooden template on the raw material board, generating the cutting path of each wooden template; the objective function of the cutting path optimization is: maximizing material utilization η=ΣAi / Atotal×100%, where Ai is the area of ​​the filling area of ​​the i-th wooden template, Atotal is the total area of ​​the whole standard-sized wooden template consumed, and the constraints include that the layout positions of each wooden template do not overlap, the layout boundary does not exceed the boundary of the whole wooden template, and the texture direction of the wooden template is consistent with the cutting direction.

[0015] As a preferred method, the acceptance process in step S6 adopts a three-dimensional scanning method: the installed template system is scanned using a three-dimensional scanner to generate a point cloud model. The point cloud model is then overlaid and compared with the wooden template processing drawing and the standard layer aluminum template BIM model generated in step S5 to check whether the positional deviation and joint width of the template installation meet the preset accuracy requirements. When the deviation exceeds the preset threshold, a rectification instruction is generated.

[0016] Another technical solution of the present invention is the BIM model-based aluminum-wood formwork combined optimized construction system, which is characterized by including: The BIM model management module is used to create and manage the standard floor aluminum formwork BIM model and the target floor structural BIM model. The aluminum formwork BIM model includes the geometric dimensions, numbering, installation location, connection method and support system layout information of the aluminum formwork components. The structural BIM model includes floor elevation and floor height information, geometric dimensions and location of structural components, wall nodes, reserved openings and the location and dimensions of embedded parts. The model comparison and analysis module is used to copy and position the standard floor aluminum formwork BIM model to the target floor and compare it with the target floor structural BIM model. The comparison includes changes in floor height, changes in component size, changes in opening location, and changes in construction. It automatically identifies areas that cannot be covered by the standard floor aluminum formwork BIM model and need to be filled with wooden formwork. The wooden template data generation module is used to generate information such as the location, area, shape, and number of the wooden template filling area based on the identification results of the model comparison analysis module. The data output module is used to export the wood template processing drawing and the material list based on the output of the wood template data generation module. The wood template processing drawing includes the shape, size, opening position, cutting path of each wood template, and the correspondence between the wood template number and the installation position.

[0017] Preferably, the model comparison and analysis module includes: The floor height comparison submodule is used to compare the floor height of the target floor with the floor height of the standard floor. When the floor heights are inconsistent, it calculates the floor height difference and identifies areas where the vertical aluminum formwork height is insufficient. The component size comparison submodule is used to compare the differences between the beam cross-section and wall thickness of the target floor and the standard floor, and to identify areas that cannot be covered by the aluminum formwork. The opening location comparison submodule is used to compare changes in the location of reserved openings and identify areas that need to be blocked or adjusted. The construction change comparison submodule is used to compare the size or position changes of balcony, bay window or canopy components to identify the areas where template requirements are added or reduced.

[0018] Preferably, the wooden template data generation module includes: The area annotation submodule is used to annotate the areas filled by the wooden template in the 3D model with highlighted color blocks, and to annotate the axis position and floor elevation of each area; The area calculation submodule is used to calculate the area of ​​each wooden formwork filling area and summarize the areas of each area to generate a list of wooden formwork requirements; The contour generation submodule is used to generate a contour map of each wooden template filling area and annotate key dimension information; The numbering management submodule is used to assign a unique number to each wooden template filling area and establish a correspondence between the number and the installation location; The data output module includes: The processing drawing generation submodule is used to generate processing drawings that include the shape, size, and opening positions of each wooden template. The cutting optimization submodule is used to generate cutting path optimization suggestions for wooden templates to reduce waste of scrap materials; The mapping generation submodule is used to generate a mapping table between wooden template numbers and installation locations; The wood template processing diagram output by the data output module also includes cutting path optimization information. The cutting path optimization takes maximizing material utilization as the objective function and uses a two-dimensional nesting algorithm to determine the optimal arrangement position and cutting sequence of each wood template on the raw material board. The wood template data generation module also includes a layout optimization submodule. The layout optimization submodule is used to optimize the shape of each wood template filling area using a two-dimensional layout algorithm, taking a whole standard specification wood template as raw material, generating a cutting path optimization scheme, and taking maximizing material utilization as the optimization objective.

[0019] As a preferred option, it also includes: The 3D scanning acceptance module is used to receive point cloud data generated by the 3D scanner from the installed template system, compare and verify the point cloud model with the wood template processing drawings and aluminum template BIM model, and generate rectification instructions and mark the deviation location when the deviation exceeds the preset threshold. The model comparison analysis module identifies the wood formwork filling area by performing a Boolean difference operation between the geometry of the standard floor aluminum formwork BIM model and the geometry of the target floor structure BIM model. The result of the difference is the geometric outline of the wood formwork filling area.

[0020] As a preferred option, it also includes, Floor height change recognition algorithm: Let the standard floor height be Hstandard and the target floor height be Htarget, then the floor height difference ΔH = Htarget - Hstandard; when ΔH > 0, it means that the target floor height is higher than the standard floor, and wooden formwork needs to be filled vertically, with a filling height of ΔH; when H < 0, it means that the target floor height is lower than the standard floor, and the aluminum formwork needs to be shortened or replaced. Algorithm for identifying the filling area of ​​the wooden formwork: Boolean operations are used to identify the filling area of ​​the wooden formwork. Let Vstructure be the target floor structure geometry and Valuminum be the standard floor aluminum formwork geometry. Then the geometry Rfill of the wooden formwork filling area is: Rfill = Vstructure ∩ (Valuminum), which is the intersection of the complements of the target floor structure geometry and the standard floor aluminum formwork geometry. In actual calculations, both Vstructure and Valuminum are represented as closed surface meshes in three-dimensional space, and the difference result is obtained through surface Boolean operations. Algorithm for calculating the area of ​​the filling region of the wooden formwork: For each filling region of the wooden formwork, project its three-dimensional contour onto a two-dimensional plane, i.e., a horizontal or vertical plane, depending on the type of formwork, to obtain a closed polygon; let the vertices of the polygon be P1(x1,y1), P2(x2,y2),...,P n (x n ,y n If the polygon area S is: S=½×|Σ{i=1}{n}(xi×y{i+1}-x{i+1}×yi)|; In the formula, when i=n, ​​let P{n+1}=P1, and the sum of the areas of each region is the total demand for wooden formwork; Cutting path optimization algorithm: Cutting path optimization is essentially a two-dimensional nesting problem; let the size of the raw material board be L×W, and the areas of the m wooden templates to be cut be S1, S2, ..., Sm, respectively, with polygonal shapes P1, P2, ..., Pm; the optimization objective is to maximize the material utilization rate η. η=(Σ{i=1}{m}Si) / (L×W)×100%; In the formula, Si represents the core variable in the numerator, L represents the length parameter in the denominator, and W represents the width parameter in the denominator. The constraints include: Each polygon of the wooden template does not overlap within the raw material board; Each wooden template polygon is completely located within the boundary of the raw material board; Considering the diameter d of the cutting tool, a distance of not less than d / 2 must be maintained between each polygon and between the polygon and the boundary of the board.

[0021] A heuristic algorithm, including genetic algorithm, simulated annealing algorithm or minimum level line algorithm, is used to solve the optimization problem and determine the optimal arrangement position and cutting sequence of each wooden template on the raw material board.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) Significantly Improved Construction Efficiency: This invention automatically identifies the required areas for wooden formwork by comparing with a BIM model and generates processing data. The wooden formwork can be prefabricated in the workshop in advance, eliminating the need for temporary cutting and trial assembly on site. Compared with traditional on-site cutting methods, the formwork installation efficiency is increased by more than 50%, significantly shortening the construction cycle of standard floors.

[0023] (2) Significantly reduce material waste: By accurately calculating the size and shape of the filling area of ​​the wooden template and combining it with a two-dimensional nesting algorithm to optimize the cutting path, the waste rate of the wooden template is reduced from the traditional 15% to 20% to less than 5%, which greatly saves timber resources.

[0024] (3) Improved construction quality: Precast wooden formwork has high dimensional accuracy and tight joints, effectively avoiding quality defects such as grout leakage and formwork bulging, resulting in high-quality concrete forming. Simultaneously, 3D scanning acceptance ensures installation accuracy, further guaranteeing construction quality.

[0025] (4) Costs are controllable and predictable: By clearly defining the required quantity, specifications and shape of the wooden formwork in advance, it is easier to centralize procurement and cost accounting, avoiding the problem of uncontrollable costs caused by on-site temporary cutting.

[0026] (5) Green and environmentally friendly: Significantly reduces timber waste and meets the requirements of green construction and sustainable development.

[0027] (6) High degree of systematization and automation: This invention forms a complete automated process from BIM modeling, model comparison, area identification, data generation to processing drawing output, which reduces manual intervention and lowers the risk of human error. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is an overall flowchart of the optimized construction method combining aluminum and wood formwork based on BIM model according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the BIM model of the standard floor aluminum formwork, showing the layout of the standard floor aluminum formwork, including wall panels, beams, floor panels and support system; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the BIM model of the target floor structure, showing the layout of the structural components of the target floor, including walls, beams, slabs, columns and reserved openings; Figure 4-1 The diagram illustrates the application and comparison of aluminum formwork models, showing the effect of comparing the standard floor aluminum formwork model with the target floor. The highlighted areas indicate the areas that need to be filled with wooden formwork. Figure 4-2 This is a magnified view of a portion of Figure 4-1; Figure 5 A schematic diagram is generated for the data of the wooden formwork filling area, showing the outline, number, and key dimension annotations of each wooden formwork filling area; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the wood formwork fabrication process (two-dimensional orthographic projection) shows the shape, size, opening location, and numbering of a single wood formwork piece; Figure 7 The diagram shows the optimal arrangement and cutting path of multiple wooden formwork panels on the raw material board. Figure 8 This is a block diagram of the modular structure of the aluminum-wood formwork combined optimized construction system based on BIM model of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0030] Example 1: Construction of a standard floor variation in a super high-rise residential building.

[0031] Project Overview: A high-rise residential project has 38 floors, with floors 7 to 38 being standard floors. Each standard floor has a height of 4.2 meters and is constructed using an aluminum alloy formwork system. However, refuge floors are located on the 11th, 24th, and 33rd floors, with a height of 4.5 meters. Additionally, there is a large opening on the 9th floor and a large cantilever structure on the 23rd floor, resulting in significant variations in beam cross-sections and positioning. Furthermore, the locations of the mechanical and electrical pre-reserved openings above the 23rd floor are offset relative to the first standard floor. Traditionally, these modified floors would require on-site cutting of wooden formwork for supplementary installations.

[0032] Implementation steps: Step S1: Create a BIM model of the standard floor aluminum formwork; Please see Figure 2 The image shows a schematic diagram of a standard floor aluminum formwork BIM model. Based on a 7-story standard floor, a standard floor aluminum formwork BIM model was created using Revit software. The model includes all aluminum formwork components for that floor: a total of 186 wall panels, 42 beam bottom slabs, and 96 floor slabs, as well as the corresponding support system (independent supports, diagonal braces, etc.). Each aluminum formwork piece has been assigned a unique number, and its geometric dimensions, material, connection method, and other information have been entered. The model file is saved in .rvt format.

[0033] Step S2: Create a structural BIM model of the target floor; Please see Figure 3The diagram shows a schematic of the target floor structure BIM model, with structural BIM models for floors 9 (change floor), 11 (refuge floor), and 23 (cantilever floor) established separately. The models are based on the design drawings and include the elevations, axes, walls, beams, slabs, columns, and other structural components for each floor, as well as reserved openings for mechanical and electrical systems and flue openings. The floor height of floor 11 is set to 4.5m; the beam cross-section of floor 9 is modified to 250mm × 750mm according to the design drawings; the opening positions of floor 23 are located using offset coordinates. Step S3: Applying and comparing aluminum mold models; Please refer to Figure 4, which is a schematic diagram of aluminum formwork model application and comparison. The highlighted areas in the figure indicate areas that need to be filled with wooden formwork. The aluminum formwork BIM model of the 7 standard floors is copied to the 9th, 11th, and 23rd floors respectively, and compared with the structural models of each target floor. Please refer to [further details needed]. Figure 1 The diagram shown is the overall flowchart of the optimized construction method combining aluminum and wood formwork based on BIM model according to the present invention. The specific comparison process is as follows: (1) Comparison of 11 floors (refuge floors): The system automatically detected that the difference between the target floor height (4.5m) and the standard floor height (4.2m) was ΔH=0.3m; based on the floor height change recognition algorithm, it was identified that all vertical aluminum formwork components (wall panels) were insufficient in height and required a 0.3m vertical extension of wooden formwork to fill the area at the top of the wall panels. The system highlighted these areas in red in the 3D model, totaling 32 locations where the top of the wall panels needed to be filled with wooden formwork; (2) Comparison of 9 floors (beam cross-section variation floors): The system automatically detected the difference between the beam cross-section (250mm×750mm) of the target floor and the beam cross-section (200mm×500mm) of the standard floor, as well as the situation of some missing beams; through the Boolean difference operation Rfill=Vstructure∩(Valuminum), the system identified the areas that the aluminum formwork could not cover after the beam cross-section was enlarged, that is, the areas where wooden formwork needs to be added on the sides and bottom of the beams; the system identified 12 beams that need to be filled with wooden formwork, of which the bottom of the beam needs to be widened by 50mm and the sides of the beam need to be raised by 250mm; (3) Comparison of 23rd floor (opening offset floor): The system automatically detected that the position of the reserved opening on the target floor had shifted relative to the standard floor. By calculating the opening offset vector, the system identified areas where the original aluminum formwork opening position and the new opening position did not coincide, including areas that needed to be sealed (original opening position) and areas that needed to be newly opened (new opening position); the system identified 3 openings that needed to be sealed with wooden formwork and 2 openings that needed to be newly opened with wooden formwork; Step S4: Generate data for the wooden template filling area; Please see Figure 5As shown, this is a schematic diagram of the generation of wooden formwork filling area data, displaying the outline and number of each wooden formwork filling area; based on the comparison results of step S3, the system automatically generates the wooden formwork filling area data for each target floor: (1) 11th floor: Generate 32 wall panel top extension wooden template filling areas, each area has a rectangular outline and a size of wall panel width × 0.3m; use the polygon area calculation formula: S=½|Σ(xi·y{i+1}-x{i+1}·yi)| The area of ​​each region is automatically calculated, and the total demand for wooden formwork is 28.6m². Each region is assigned a unique number (M-2-001 to M-2-032), and its axis position (e.g., A axis intersecting A axis 1) and elevation (11F+4.2m to 11F+4.5m) are marked in the 3D model. (2) 9th floor: Generate 12 beam side and beam bottom wooden formwork filling areas; the system automatically generates the outline of each area; the total demand for wooden formwork is 8.4m²; each area is assigned a unique number (M-1-001 to M-1-012); (3) 23rd floor: Generate 5 opening sealing and new opening wooden formwork filling areas; the outline of each area is a rectangle or an irregular shape with a rounded arc; the total demand for wooden formwork is 2.6m²; each area is assigned a unique number (M-3-001 to M-3-005); Step S5: Generate the wood template processing drawing and cutting data; Please see Figure 6 As shown, this is a schematic diagram of the timber formwork fabrication drawing (two-dimensional orthographic projection), illustrating the shape, opening location, and numbering of a single timber formwork piece; based on the area data generated in step S4, the system automatically generates timber formwork fabrication drawings for each target floor: (1) For the top extension template of 32 wall panels on the 11th floor, generate 32 processing drawings. Each drawing includes the rectangular shape of the template, the number (M-2-001 to M-2-032) and the corresponding installation position. (2) Please refer to Figure 7 As shown, this is a schematic diagram (two-dimensional layout diagram) of the wood template cutting path optimization, demonstrating the optimal arrangement and cutting path of multiple wood templates on the raw material board. The system performs two-dimensional layout optimization on all wood templates. Taking an 11-layer structure as an example, 32 rectangular templates are laid out on a standard plywood (1220mm×2440mm). The optimal layout scheme is calculated using a heuristic algorithm, namely the lowest horizontal line algorithm combined with a genetic algorithm. The optimization objective is to maximize the material utilization rate η. η=(Σ{i=1}{m}Si) / (L×W)×100%; The optimization results show that after the optimized layout, the template requirement of 28.6m² only requires 13 standard plywood sheets (theoretical usage is 13×2.977m²=38.7m²), and the material utilization rate is 73.9%; The same layout optimization was performed for 9-layer and 23-layer wooden templates; (3) The system generates a table of correspondence between the wooden template number and the installation location, which facilitates quick positioning during on-site installation; Step S6: On-site construction application; (1) Submit the wood template processing data (including processing drawings and material list) generated in step S5 to the on-site woodworking workshop. The woodworking workshop uses a precision panel saw to pre-cut the wood templates according to the processing data; taking the 11th floor as an example, the woodworking workshop completed the cutting and pre-assembly inspection of all 32 wood templates within 2 working days; (2) During on-site construction, the aluminum formwork team installed the aluminum formwork according to the standard floor drawings, and the wood formwork team installed the prefabricated wood formwork in the corresponding positions according to the number; the formwork installation of the 11th floor (refuge floor) took only 3 days, which shortened the construction period by about 50% compared with the traditional method (on-site cutting + installation takes 5 to 6 days); (3) After installation, use a 3D laser scanner to scan the installed template system. Generate a point cloud model. Compare and verify the point cloud model with the timber formwork fabrication drawings and the aluminum formwork BIM model; Upon inspection, the maximum flatness deviation of the 11-layer formwork installation was 3mm, and the maximum verticality deviation was 2mm. All meet the specifications (deviation ≤ 5mm); Implementation effect

[0034] In this embodiment, the following effects were achieved by adopting the BIM model-based aluminum-wood formwork combined optimized construction method of the present invention: Construction efficiency: The installation of 11-story formwork took only 3 days, which is about 50% more efficient than the traditional method (5 to 6 days); Material loss: The loss rate of wooden formwork has been reduced from 15% to 20% in the traditional method to less than 5%; Construction quality: The flatness deviation of the formwork installation is ≤3mm, the verticality deviation is ≤2mm, and the concrete forming quality is excellent; Cost control: Determining the required quantity and specifications of wooden formwork in advance facilitates centralized procurement and avoids high costs and material waste from on-site temporary procurement.

[0035] Example 2: Specific implementation of wood template cutting path optimization.

[0036] This embodiment details the specific implementation of the cutting path optimization in step S5.

[0037] Problem description: Suppose we need to cut a batch of wooden templates, there are m templates in total, and their shapes are polygons P1, P2, ..., Pn. m It needs to be cut from several standard-sized plywood sheets (each measuring L×W); Optimization goal: Maximize material utilization η = (Σ{i=1}{m}Si) / (N×L×W)×100%, where N is the number of plywood sheets used and Si is the area of ​​the i-th template.

[0038] Constraints: (1) Each template polygon is completely located within the boundary of the plywood it belongs to; (2) The template polygons do not overlap with each other; (3) Considering the influence of the cutting tool diameter d, the spacing between each polygon and between the polygon and the plate boundary should be no less than d / 2.

[0039] Algorithm implementation: The solution is obtained by combining the lowest horizontal line algorithm with a genetic algorithm. Step 1: Take the smallest bounding rectangle of each wooden template polygon as the initial layout unit, and sort them from largest to smallest area; Step 2: Use the lowest horizontal line algorithm for preliminary layout; The basic idea of ​​the lowest horizontal line algorithm is to always maintain a horizontal line (called the "lowest horizontal line") on the raw material board, and place the next template at the left end of the lowest horizontal line each time, and update the position of the lowest horizontal line after placement; Step 3: Using the preliminary sampling results as the initial population, optimize using a genetic algorithm. The basic elements of a genetic algorithm include: Encoding method: Permutation encoding is used, and each individual represents the arrangement order and rotation angle (0°, 90°, 180°, 270°) of the template; Fitness function: The material utilization rate η is used as the fitness function; Selection operation: Using the roulette wheel selection method; Crossover operation: Partial matching crossover (PMX) is used; Mutation operation: randomly swap the positions of two templates or randomly change the rotation angle of a template; Termination condition: The maximum number of iterations is reached or the fitness value converges; Step 4: Output the optimal layout scheme, including the position coordinates of each template on the board, the rotation angle, and the cutting path sequence.

[0040] Application examples: Taking the top extension template of 32 wall panels on the 11th floor in Example 1 as an example, all templates are rectangular, with dimensions of wall panel width × 0.3m. The widths of the 32 templates range from 1.2m to 2.4m; the above-mentioned optimized algorithm is used for layout on standard plywood (1220mm × 2440mm). Please refer to [further details needed]. Figure 7 As shown, this illustrates the optimal arrangement and cutting path of multiple wooden templates on the raw material board in this embodiment (see [link]). Figure 7 (As shown).

[0041] The comparison data before and after optimization is as follows: Before optimization (traditional manual layout): 16 sheets of plywood were used, with a material utilization rate of approximately 60% and a wastage rate of approximately 40%. After optimization (the algorithm of this invention): 13 sheets of plywood are used, the material utilization rate is about 73.9%, and the loss rate is about 26.1%.

[0042] The optimized layout scheme saved 3 sheets of plywood compared to manual layout, and the material utilization rate increased by about 13.9 percentage points.

[0043] Example 3: Specific implementation of system modules.

[0044] This embodiment details the specific implementation of each module of the BIM-based aluminum-wood formwork combined optimized construction system of the present invention. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 8 As shown, it is a modular structure block diagram of the aluminum-wood formwork combined optimized construction system based on BIM model of the present invention (see also...). Figure 8 (As shown).

[0045] BIM model management module: The BIM model management module is implemented based on Revit secondary development, using the C# programming language and Revit API. The module's functions include: (1) Model import function: Supports importing BIM model files in formats such as .rvt and .ifc, and automatically parses the component information in the model, including the component's geometric data (location, size, shape), attribute data (number, material, type) and relationship data (connection relationship, support relationship); (2) Model management function: Provides a model tree view, organizes model components by floor, component type and other dimensions, and supports adding, deleting, modifying and querying components; (3) Model storage function: Store model data in SQL Server database, supporting multi-version management and historical traceability; Model comparison and analysis module: The model comparison and analysis module is the core module of the system, implemented based on a 3D geometry computation library (such as Open CASCADE or CGAL). The module comprises four sub-modules: (1) Floor height comparison submodule: Read the floor height attributes of the standard floor aluminum formwork model and the target floor structure model, and calculate the floor height difference ΔH; when ΔH≠0, identify the top surface position of all vertical components (wall panels) and generate an extension area with a height of ΔH above the top surface; (2) Component size comparison submodule: Traverse all beam and wall components in the target floor structure model and compare their sizes with the corresponding components in the standard floor aluminum formwork model; when size differences are found, calculate the geometric contour of the difference area. (3) Opening location comparison sub-module: Extract the opening outline in the standard floor aluminum formwork model and the opening outline in the target floor structure model, calculate the offset vector and overlapping area of ​​the two outlines; the non-overlapping area is the area that needs to be sealed with wooden formwork or newly opened. (4) Construction change comparison sub-module: compare the size and position of structural elements such as balconies, bay windows, and canopies to identify the areas of template requirements that have been added or reduced.

[0046] After summarizing the comparison results of each submodule, a Boolean difference operation is performed: Rfill=Vstructure∩(Valuminum) generates the final geometry of the wood template filling area; Wooden template data generation module: The timber template data generation module receives the filled region geometry output by the model comparison and analysis module and generates structured timber template data: (1) Area labeling submodule: Highlight each filled area in red in the 3D model and automatically label the axis position and floor elevation; the labeling information is superimposed on the 3D view in the form of text labels; (2) Area Calculation Submodule: For each filled area, the polygon area formula is used: S = ½|Σ(xi·y{i+1}-x{i+1}·yi)| calculates the area and summarizes it to generate a demand list. The list is output in Excel format, including fields such as area number, area, and floor. (3) Contour generation submodule: Project the 3D contour of each filled area onto a 2D plane to generate a 2D contour map, and label key dimensions such as length, width, and diagonal; the contour map is output in DWG format; (4) Numbering Management Submodule: Generate a unique number for each filled area according to the rule of "floor-serial number" (e.g., M-1-001), and establish a mapping relationship between the number and the installation location (axis, elevation); Data output module: The data output module converts the wooden template data into processing files that can be directly used in production: (1) Processing drawing generation submodule: Generates an independent processing drawing for each wooden template, including the template's shape outline, dimensions, opening positions and numbers; the processing drawing is output in both PDF and DWG formats; (2) Cutting optimization submodule: The two-dimensional nesting algorithm is used to optimize the nesting of multiple wooden templates and generate a cutting path diagram. The cutting path diagram marks the position of each template on the raw material board, the cutting order and the cutting direction. (3) Correspondence generation submodule: Generates a correspondence table between the wooden template number and the installation location, which facilitates quick positioning during on-site installation; the correspondence table is output in Excel format and includes fields such as number, floor, axis position, elevation, and dimensions.

[0047] 3D scanning acceptance module: The 3D scanning acceptance module is enabled after the template is installed: (1) Data receiving function: Receive point cloud data (.las or .xyz format) output by a 3D laser scanner; (2) Point cloud processing function: Filter, reduce noise and register the point cloud data to generate the point cloud model of the template mounting surface; (3) Comparison and verification function: ICP (Iterative Closest Point) registration is performed between the point cloud model and the BIM model (including aluminum formwork and wooden formwork), and the deviation value of each part is calculated; when the deviation of a certain part exceeds the preset threshold (such as 5mm), the position is marked in red in the model and a rectification instruction is generated. (4) Report generation function: Automatically generate acceptance reports, including deviation distribution diagrams, lists of out-of-tolerance parts and rectification suggestions.

[0048] The BIM-based optimized construction method and system for aluminum-wood formwork combination provided by this invention can be widely applied to engineering projects requiring the combination of aluminum and wood formwork, such as high-rise buildings and complex structural buildings. The method and system of this invention have advantages such as ease of operation, high degree of automation, and significant effects. They can effectively improve formwork construction efficiency, reduce material waste, and ensure construction quality, demonstrating significant industrial practical value and promising prospects for widespread application.

[0049] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the claims of the present invention should be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An optimized construction method combining aluminum and wood formwork based on BIM model, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1. Establish a standard floor aluminum formwork BIM model: Based on the standard floor where the aluminum formwork detailing has been completed, establish a BIM model containing all aluminum formwork components. The aluminum formwork components include wall panels, beams, floor panels, and support systems. The BIM model contains the geometric dimensions, numbering, installation location, connection method, and support system layout information of the aluminum formwork. Step S2. Establish the structural BIM model of the target floor: According to the design drawings, establish the structural BIM model of each target floor that needs to be constructed. The structural BIM model includes floor elevation and floor height information, geometric dimensions and positions of structural components such as walls, beams, slabs and columns, wall nodes of the exterior walls, and the position and size information of reserved openings and embedded parts of each discipline. Step S3. Aluminum formwork model application and comparison: Copy the standard floor aluminum formwork BIM model established in step S1 and position it in the target floor. Compare it with the target floor structure BIM model established in step S2. The comparison includes changes in floor height, component size, opening location, and construction to identify the difference areas that the aluminum formwork cannot cover. Step S4. Generate wooden template filling area data: Based on the comparison results of step S3, generate area information that needs to be filled with wooden templates in the three-dimensional model. The area information includes area location, area area, area shape and area number. Step S5. Generate wood template processing drawing and cutting data: Based on the area data generated in step S4, generate wood template processing drawing. The processing drawing includes the shape, size, opening position, cutting path optimization information of each wood template, and the correspondence between the wood template number and the installation position. Step S6. On-site construction application: Submit the wood formwork processing data generated in step S5 to the on-site construction team. The carpentry workshop will cut the wood formwork in advance according to the processing data and conduct pre-assembly inspection. On-site, install the aluminum formwork according to the aluminum formwork standard layer drawings and install the wood formwork according to the corresponding positions of the numbers. After the installation is completed, the inspection will be carried out.

2. The optimized construction method for aluminum-wood formwork based on BIM model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The comparison in step S3 includes the following four dimensions: Floor height variation comparison: When the floor height of the target floor is inconsistent with that of the standard floor, the floor height difference is calculated. ΔH = Htarget - Hstandard, identifies areas where the vertical aluminum formwork height is insufficient, and the height of the wooden formwork filling area extending vertically is equal to ΔH; Comparison of component size changes: When the beam section or wall thickness of the target floor is inconsistent with that of the standard floor, calculate the difference in cross-sectional size to identify the area that the aluminum formwork cannot cover. Comparison of changes in the position of the reserved opening: When the position of the reserved opening shifts, the opening offset vector is calculated to identify the area that needs to be blocked or adjusted; Structural Change Comparison: When the size or location of balcony, bay window, or canopy components changes, identify the areas requiring additional or reduced formwork. Step S3 involves identifying the discrepancy areas that the aluminum formwork cannot cover. This is achieved using Boolean operations: the geometry of the standard floor aluminum formwork BIM model is compared with the geometry of the target floor structural BIM model using a Boolean difference operation. The result of this difference operation is the geometric outline of the area to be filled by the wooden formwork. Its mathematical expression is as follows: Rfill=Vstructure∩(Valunum), In the formula, Vstructure represents the target floor structure geometry, and Valuminum represents the standard floor aluminum formwork geometry.

3. The optimized construction method for aluminum-wood formwork based on BIM model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for calculating the area of ​​the region mentioned in step S4 is as follows: For each wooden template filling area, its outline is projected onto a horizontal or vertical plane, and the polygon area calculation formula is used: S=½|Σ(xi·y{i+1}-x{i+1}·yi)|; In the formula, xi,yi are the planar coordinates of each vertex of the polygon outline of the filled area, i=1,2,…,n, and n is the number of vertices of the polygon. The area of ​​each area is summarized to generate a list of the required amount of wooden templates. In step S4, the wooden template filling area is marked with a highlight color block in the 3D model, and the axis position and floor elevation of each filling area are marked. Each wooden template filling area is uniquely numbered. The numbering rule is: floor number-area type-serial number, where the area type includes vertical filling area and horizontal filling area.

4. The optimized construction method for aluminum-wood formwork based on BIM model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutting path optimization method described in step S5 includes: using a whole standard specification wooden template as raw material, laying out the outlines of multiple wooden template filling areas in the plane of the raw material board in two dimensions, using a two-dimensional rectangular layout algorithm or an improved minimum horizontal line algorithm for layout optimization, taking the maximization of material utilization as the objective function, using a heuristic algorithm to determine the optimal layout position and cutting order of each wooden template on the raw material board, and generating the cutting path of each wooden template; The objective function for optimizing the cutting path is: to maximize material utilization. η = ΣAi / A_total × 100%; In the formula, Ai is the area of ​​the i-th wooden template filling area, A_total is the total area of ​​the entire standard-sized wooden template consumed, and the constraints include that the layout positions of each wooden template do not overlap, the layout boundary does not exceed the boundary of the entire wooden template, and the texture direction of the wooden template is consistent with the cutting direction.

5. The optimized construction method for aluminum-wood formwork based on BIM model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acceptance process described in step S6 uses a three-dimensional scanning method: the installed template system is scanned using a three-dimensional scanner to generate a point cloud model. The point cloud model is then overlaid and compared with the wooden template processing drawing and the standard layer aluminum template BIM model generated in step S5 to check whether the positional deviation and joint width of the template installation meet the preset accuracy requirements. When the deviation exceeds the preset threshold, a rectification instruction is generated.

6. An optimized construction system combining aluminum and wood formwork based on BIM model, characterized in that, include: The BIM model management module is used to create and manage the standard floor aluminum formwork BIM model and the target floor structural BIM model. The aluminum formwork BIM model includes the geometric dimensions, numbering, installation location, connection method and support system layout information of the aluminum formwork components. The structural BIM model includes floor elevation and floor height information, geometric dimensions and location of structural components, wall nodes, reserved openings and the location and dimensions of embedded parts. The model comparison and analysis module is used to copy and position the standard floor aluminum formwork BIM model to the target floor and compare it with the target floor structural BIM model. The comparison includes changes in floor height, changes in component size, changes in opening location, and changes in construction. It automatically identifies areas that cannot be covered by the standard floor aluminum formwork BIM model and need to be filled with wooden formwork. The wooden template data generation module is used to generate information such as the location, area, shape, and number of the wooden template filling area based on the identification results of the model comparison analysis module. The data output module is used to export the wood template processing drawing and the material list based on the output of the wood template data generation module. The wood template processing drawing includes the shape, size, opening position, cutting path of each wood template, and the correspondence between the wood template number and the installation position.

7. The BIM-based aluminum-wood formwork combined optimized construction system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The model comparison and analysis module includes: The floor height comparison submodule is used to compare the floor height of the target floor with the floor height of the standard floor. When the floor heights are inconsistent, it calculates the floor height difference and identifies areas where the vertical aluminum formwork height is insufficient. The component size comparison submodule is used to compare the differences between the beam cross-section and wall thickness of the target floor and the standard floor, and to identify areas that cannot be covered by the aluminum formwork. The opening location comparison submodule is used to compare changes in the location of reserved openings and identify areas that need to be blocked or adjusted. The construction change comparison submodule is used to compare the size or position changes of balcony, bay window or canopy components to identify the areas where template requirements are added or reduced.

8. The BIM-based aluminum-wood formwork combined optimized construction system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The wooden template data generation module includes: The area annotation submodule is used to annotate the areas filled by the wooden template in the 3D model with highlighted color blocks, and to annotate the axis position and floor elevation of each area; The area calculation submodule is used to calculate the area of ​​each wooden formwork filling area and summarize the areas of each area to generate a list of wooden formwork requirements; The contour generation submodule is used to generate a contour map of each wooden template filling area and annotate key dimension information; The numbering management submodule is used to assign a unique number to each wooden template filling area and establish a correspondence between the number and the installation location; The data output module includes: The processing drawing generation submodule is used to generate processing drawings that include the shape, size, and opening positions of each wooden template. The cutting optimization submodule is used to generate cutting path optimization suggestions for wooden templates to reduce waste of scrap materials; The mapping generation submodule is used to generate a mapping table between wooden template numbers and installation locations; The wood template processing diagram output by the data output module also includes cutting path optimization information. The cutting path optimization takes maximizing material utilization as the objective function and uses a two-dimensional layout algorithm to determine the optimal arrangement position and cutting sequence of each wood template on the raw material board. The wood template data generation module also includes a layout optimization submodule. The layout optimization submodule is used to optimize the shape of each wood template filling area using a two-dimensional layout algorithm, taking a whole standard specification wood template as raw material, generating a cutting path optimization scheme, and taking maximizing material utilization as the optimization objective.

9. The BIM-based aluminum-wood formwork combined optimized construction system according to claim 7, characterized in that, Also includes: The 3D scanning acceptance module is used to receive point cloud data generated by the 3D scanner from the installed template system, compare and verify the point cloud model with the wood template processing drawings and aluminum template BIM model, and generate rectification instructions and mark the deviation location when the deviation exceeds the preset threshold. The model comparison analysis module identifies the wood formwork filling area by performing a Boolean difference operation between the geometry of the standard floor aluminum formwork BIM model and the geometry of the target floor structure BIM model. The result of the difference is the geometric outline of the wood formwork filling area.

10. The BIM-based aluminum-wood formwork combined optimized construction system according to claim 7, characterized in that, Also includes: Floor height change recognition algorithm: Let the standard floor height be Hstandard and the target floor height be Htarget, then the floor height difference ΔH = Htarget - Hstandard; When ΔH>0, it means that the target floor height is higher than the standard floor, and wooden formwork needs to be filled vertically, with a filling height of ΔH. When H<0, it means that the target floor height is lower than the standard floor, and the aluminum formwork needs to be shortened or replaced. Algorithm for identifying the wood formwork filling area: Boolean operations are used to identify the wood formwork filling area; let Vstructure be the target floor structure geometry and Valuminum be the standard floor aluminum formwork geometry, then the geometry Rfill of the wood formwork filling area is: Rfill=Vstructure∩(Valunum); That is, the intersection of the target floor structure geometry and the complement of the standard floor aluminum formwork geometry; in actual calculations, both Vstructure and Valuminum are represented as closed surface meshes in three-dimensional space, and the difference result is obtained through surface Boolean operations; Algorithm for calculating the area of ​​the filling region of the wooden formwork: For each filling region of the wooden formwork, project its three-dimensional contour onto a two-dimensional plane, i.e., a horizontal or vertical plane, depending on the type of formwork, to obtain a closed polygon; let the vertices of the polygon be P1(x1,y1), P2(x2,y2),...,P n (x n ,y n If the polygon area S is: S=½×|Σ{i=1}{n}(xi×y{i+1}-x{i+1}×yi)|; In the formula, when i=n, ​​let P{n+1}=P1; the sum of the areas of each region is the total demand for wooden formwork. Cutting path optimization algorithm: Cutting path optimization is essentially a two-dimensional nesting problem; let the size of the raw material board be L×W, and the areas of the m wooden templates to be cut be S1, S2, ..., Sm, respectively, with polygonal shapes P1, P2, ..., Pm; the optimization objective is to maximize the material utilization rate η. η=(Σ{i=1}{m}Si) / (L×W)×100%; In the formula, Si represents the core variable in the numerator, L represents the length parameter in the denominator, and W represents the width parameter in the denominator. The constraints include: Each polygon of the wooden template does not overlap within the raw material board; Each wooden template polygon is completely located within the boundary of the raw material board; Considering the diameter d of the cutting tool, a distance of not less than d / 2 must be maintained between each polygon and between the polygon and the boundary of the sheet material; A heuristic algorithm, including genetic algorithm, simulated annealing algorithm or minimum level line algorithm, is used to solve the optimization problem and determine the optimal arrangement position and cutting sequence of each wooden template on the raw material board.

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