Three-dimensional visualization analysis method and system for deformation of tunnel structure in fracture zone

Abstract

The application provides a fracture zone tunnel structure deformation three-dimensional visualization analysis method and system, belongs to the technical field of tunnel engineering structure analysis and visualization, and comprises the following steps: a multi-source data fusion step, which performs spatial coordinate registration on a fracture zone geological model, a tunnel BIM model, a finite element deformation field and flexible joint parameters; a deformation response calculation step, which calculates tunnel structure deformation response through a dislocation-deformation coupling response model; a three-dimensional visualization rendering step, which renders the deformation response into a cloud chart, an isosurface and an animation; an interactive parameter adjustment step, which updates the deformation result in real time in response to parameter adjustment operations; and a risk assessment and decision step, which generates a deformation heat map and a damage risk zoning map and provides joint arrangement optimization suggestions. The application solves the problems of non-intuitive fracture zone tunnel deformation analysis result display and lack of visualization basis for flexible joint optimization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel engineering structural analysis and visualization technology, specifically to a three-dimensional visualization analysis method and system for tunnel structural deformation in fracture zones. Background Technology

[0002] Fault zone tunnel engineering faces complex effects such as fault dislocation and seismic loads, making the fault-resistant design and deformation control of tunnel structures a key focus of the engineering community.

[0003] In the design of tunnel structures along fault zones, flexible joint technology is an effective measure to address fault dislocation. Flexible joints can absorb displacement caused by fault slippage through their own deformation, concentrating structural damage at the joint site and thus protecting the safety of the main tunnel structure. However, the placement and optimization of design parameters for flexible joints rely on accurate analysis and visual visualization of the tunnel structure's deformation response.

[0004] Chinese patent CN118096737A discloses a method and system for deformation monitoring during the operation of mining tunnels. This technology acquires point cloud data by deploying monitoring equipment on the secondary lining of the tunnel, extracts the central axis based on the mining tunnel structure, and performs cross-sectional analysis to achieve tunnel structural deformation analysis. The core idea of ​​this technology is to select stable points at the platform level as control points for data stitching, calculate the curvature value of the outer contour line to segment the arc and fit the central axis, and finally perform deformation analysis on the tunnel cross-sectional point cloud image.

[0005] However, the aforementioned existing technologies have the following shortcomings: First, these technologies primarily target passive deformation monitoring during tunnel operation and cannot achieve proactive analysis and prediction of tunnel structural deformation response under fault dislocation during the design phase. Second, the deformation analysis results of these technologies are mainly presented in the form of two-dimensional cross-sectional point cloud images, making it difficult to intuitively display the three-dimensional overall deformation characteristics of the tunnel structure under fault dislocation. Third, these technologies lack interactive parameter adjustment functions, failing to support designers in dynamically adjusting key parameters such as fault dislocation amount, dislocation direction, and joint location, and observing changes in deformation response in real time. Fourth, these technologies fail to integrate deformation analysis results with flexible joint arrangement optimization, making it difficult to provide intuitive decision support for fault-resistant design.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a method and system for analyzing the deformation of tunnel structures in fault zones that can achieve parameterized three-dimensional visualization of fault dislocation-structural deformation, support interactive parameter adjustment and real-time updates of deformation response, and assist in the optimization decision-making of flexible joint layout schemes. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the issues of unintuitive display of deformation analysis results for tunnel structures in fault zones and the lack of visual basis for optimizing the location of flexible joints in existing technologies, this invention provides a three-dimensional visualization analysis method and system for the deformation of tunnel structures in fault zones.

[0008] The first aspect of this invention provides a three-dimensional visualization analysis method for the deformation of a tunnel structure in a fault zone, comprising: a multi-source data fusion step, which acquires three-dimensional geological model data of the fault zone, BIM model data of the tunnel structure, deformation field data from finite element analysis, and design parameter data of flexible joints, and performs spatial coordinate registration on the acquired multi-source data to generate a fused dataset in a unified spatial coordinate system; a deformation response calculation step, which, based on the fused dataset, calculates the deformation response of the tunnel structure under fault dislocation action according to fault dislocation parameters and dislocation direction parameters through a dislocation-deformation coupled response model, generating deformation response data containing displacement distribution data, stress distribution data, and strain distribution data; and a three-dimensional visualization rendering step, which, based on the deformation response data, renders the displacement distribution data using a parametric three-dimensional visualization rendering method. The system renders the data as a deformation cloud map, the stress distribution data as an isosurface, and the temporal evolution of the deformation response as a deformation animation. An interactive parameter adjustment step responds to user parameter adjustment operations, acquiring the adjusted fault dislocation amount, dislocation direction, or flexible joint location parameters. These parameters are then fed back to the deformation response calculation step, triggering a recalculation of the deformation response data and a real-time update of the 3D visualization rendering step. A risk assessment and decision-making step generates a deformation distribution heatmap and a structural damage risk zoning map based on the deformation response data. Based on these maps, it generates optimization suggestions for the flexible joint layout and feeds these suggestions back to the deformation response calculation step to update the deformation analysis results.

[0009] Preferably, the three-dimensional geological model data of the fault zone includes fault geometry data, fault dip angle data, fault width data, and fault fracture zone attribute data; the BIM model data of the tunnel structure includes tunnel geometry data, lining structure data, and material property data; the finite element analysis deformation field data includes nodal displacement matrix and stress tensor field data; and the flexible joint design parameter data includes joint location data, joint stiffness data, and joint deformation allowable data.

[0010] Preferably, the fault dislocation parameters include vertical dislocation amount and horizontal dislocation amount, and the dislocation direction parameters include normal fault direction, reverse fault direction and strike-slip fault direction.

[0011] Preferably, generating a deformation distribution heatmap through deformation spatial distribution analysis includes: dividing the tunnel structure longitudinally into a predetermined number of analysis units; statistically analyzing the maximum deformation, average deformation, and deformation gradient within each analysis unit; calculating the comprehensive deformation index of each analysis unit based on the maximum deformation, average deformation, and deformation gradient; and mapping the comprehensive deformation index to a thermal color scale to generate a deformation distribution heatmap.

[0012] The second aspect of this invention provides a three-dimensional visualization analysis system for the deformation of tunnel structures in fault zones, comprising: a multi-source data fusion module for acquiring three-dimensional geological model data of the fault zone, BIM model data of the tunnel structure, deformation field data from finite element analysis, and design parameter data of flexible joints, and performing spatial coordinate registration on the acquired multi-source data to generate a fused dataset in a unified spatial coordinate system; a deformation response calculation module for calculating the deformation response of the tunnel structure under fault dislocation action based on the fused dataset, according to fault dislocation parameters and dislocation direction parameters, through a dislocation-deformation coupled response model, and generating deformation response data; a three-dimensional visualization rendering module for rendering deformation cloud maps, isosurfaces, and deformation animations based on the deformation response data using a parametric three-dimensional visualization rendering method; an interactive parameter adjustment module for responding to user parameter adjustment operations, sending the adjusted parameters to the deformation response calculation module, triggering recalculation of the deformation response data and real-time updates of the three-dimensional visualization rendering; and a risk assessment and decision-making module for generating deformation distribution heatmaps and structural damage risk zoning maps based on the deformation response data, generating optimization suggestions for flexible joint layout, and sending them to the deformation response calculation module to update the deformation analysis results.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention include: First, by integrating multi-source heterogeneous data such as the three-dimensional geological model of the fault zone, the BIM model of the tunnel structure, the deformation field of finite element analysis, and the design parameters of flexible joints, a comprehensive analysis of the deformation response of the tunnel structure under fault dislocation is achieved, providing complete data support for fault-resistant design. Second, through parametric three-dimensional visualization rendering technology, the deformation analysis results are intuitively displayed in the form of cloud maps, isosurfaces, and animations, enabling designers to clearly grasp the overall three-dimensional deformation characteristics of the tunnel structure under fault dislocation. Third, through interactive parameter adjustment functions, designers can dynamically adjust key parameters such as fault dislocation amount, dislocation direction, and joint location, and observe changes in deformation response in real time, improving design iteration efficiency. Fourth, by generating deformation distribution heat maps and structural damage risk zoning maps, and providing optimization suggestions for flexible joint layout based on these, intuitive visualization basis is provided for fault-resistant design decisions. In actual testing, the method of this invention was used to perform deformation analysis on a tunnel project in a fault zone. Compared with the traditional finite element post-processing method, the accuracy of deformation feature identification was improved by more than 15%, the design iteration cycle was shortened by more than 40%, and the rationality score of the flexible joint arrangement scheme was improved by more than 25%. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the three-dimensional visualization analysis method for the deformation of tunnel structures in fault zones provided in this embodiment of the invention.

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the three-dimensional visualization analysis system for the deformation of tunnel structures in fault zones provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To make the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0017] like Figure 1 As shown, the three-dimensional visualization analysis method for the deformation of tunnel structures in fracture zones provided by this invention includes five core steps, and each step forms a deeply coupled closed-loop collaborative relationship.

[0018] Step S1: Multi-source data fusion step.

[0019] The core task of the multi-source data fusion step is to integrate heterogeneous data from different systems into a fused dataset under a unified spatial coordinate system, providing a data foundation for subsequent deformation response calculation and visualization rendering.

[0020] In one embodiment of the present invention, the multi-source data fusion step first acquires four types of source data, including three-dimensional geological model data of the fault zone, BIM model data of the tunnel structure, deformation field data from finite element analysis, and design parameter data of the flexible joint. These four types of data originate from geological exploration systems, BIM design systems, finite element analysis software, and design parameter databases, respectively, and possess different data formats, coordinate systems, and spatial resolution characteristics.

[0021] Regarding the acquisition and analysis of three-dimensional geological model data for fault zones, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the three-dimensional geological model data of fault zones is stored in a three-dimensional point cloud or mesh format, including fault geometry data, fault dip angle data, fault width data, and fault fracture zone attribute data. Specifically, the fault geometry data describes the distribution characteristics of the fault plane in three-dimensional space, represented using discrete point sets or triangular meshes; the fault dip angle data records the angle between the fault plane and the horizontal plane, ranging from 0 degrees to 90 degrees; the fault width data describes the lateral extension range of the fault fracture zone, preferably quantified in meters; and the fault fracture zone attribute data includes lithology, strength parameters, and permeability parameters of the fracture zone. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the spatial resolution of the three-dimensional geological model data of the fault zone is not less than 1 meter, and the measurement accuracy of the fault dip angle data is not less than 1 degree.

[0022] Regarding the acquisition and parsing of tunnel structure BIM model data, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the tunnel structure BIM model data is stored in IFC format or Revit native format, including tunnel geometric dimension data, lining structure data, and material property data. Specifically, the tunnel geometric dimension data describes the tunnel's cross-sectional shape, longitudinal alignment, and mileage information; the lining structure data describes the structural form, thickness, and reinforcement information of the initial support and secondary lining; and the material property data includes mechanical parameters such as concrete strength grade, elastic modulus, and Poisson's ratio. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the geometric accuracy of the tunnel structure BIM model is not less than 0.01 meters, and the material property data is consistent with the actual engineering design parameters.

[0023] Regarding the acquisition and analysis of deformation field data in finite element analysis, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the deformation field data is derived from commercial finite element software or a self-developed numerical analysis program, and includes nodal displacement matrices and stress tensor field data. The nodal displacement matrix records the displacement values ​​of each node in the finite element model in three coordinate directions, with a data dimension equal to the number of nodes multiplied by 3. The stress tensor field data records the stress components at each element or node, including normal stress components and shear stress components. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mesh size of the finite element model is no greater than 0.5 meters, the displacement calculation accuracy is no less than 0.001 meters, and the stress calculation accuracy is no less than 0.01 MPa.

[0024] Regarding the acquisition and analysis of flexible joint design parameter data, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the flexible joint design parameter data is stored in a parameter table or JSON format, including joint location data, joint stiffness data, and joint deformation allowable data. Specifically, the joint location data records the longitudinal position of each flexible joint in the form of tunnel mileage; the joint stiffness data describes the stiffness characteristics of the flexible joint in the axial, radial, and tangential directions; and the joint deformation allowable data specifies the maximum allowable deformation value of the flexible joint in each direction. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the axial stiffness of the flexible joint ranges from 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 6 N / m to 1.0×10 8 N / m, radial stiffness range is 5.0×10 5 N / m to 5.0×10 7 N / m, the allowable value range is 0.05 m to 0.5 m.

[0025] After acquiring the four types of source data mentioned above, the multi-source data fusion step performs spatial coordinate registration. The goal of spatial coordinate registration is to unify data from different coordinate systems into the same spatial reference frame. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, spatial coordinate registration adopts the following processing flow: First, determine the origin and coordinate axis directions of the unified spatial coordinate system. Preferably, the center of the tunnel entrance section is set as the origin, the longitudinal direction of the tunnel is set as the positive X-axis, the vertical upward direction is set as the positive Z-axis, and the Y-axis direction is determined according to the right-hand rule. Second, perform coordinate transformation on the three-dimensional geological model data of the fault zone, converting it from the coordinate system of the geological exploration system to the unified spatial coordinate system. Third, perform coordinate transformation on the BIM model data of the tunnel structure, converting it from the coordinate system of the BIM design system to the unified spatial coordinate system. Then, perform coordinate transformation and spatial interpolation on the deformation field data of the finite element analysis to make it correspond to the grid nodes under the unified spatial coordinate system. Finally, convert the mileage information in the flexible joint design parameter data into three-dimensional coordinates under the unified spatial coordinate system.

[0026] After spatial coordinate registration is completed, the multi-source data fusion step generates a fused dataset in a unified spatial coordinate system. The fused dataset is organized using a hierarchical data structure, comprising four layers: geological, structural, deformation, and joint layers. Specifically, the geological layer stores the registered 3D geological model data of the fault zone; the structural layer stores the registered BIM model data of the tunnel structure; the deformation layer stores the registered and interpolated finite element analysis deformation field data; and the joint layer stores the coordinate-transformed flexible joint design parameter data. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the size of the fused dataset ranges from 100MB to 10GB, depending on the tunnel length and spatial resolution settings.

[0027] Step S2: Deformation response calculation steps.

[0028] The core task of the deformation response calculation step is to calculate the deformation response of the tunnel structure under fault dislocation action based on the fused dataset and the dislocation-deformation coupled response model, and generate deformation response data containing displacement distribution data, stress distribution data and strain distribution data.

[0029] In one embodiment of the present invention, the deformation response calculation step first obtains fault dislocation parameters and dislocation direction parameters. The fault dislocation parameters include vertical dislocation magnitude and horizontal dislocation magnitude. The vertical dislocation magnitude describes the relative displacement of the two sides of the fault in the vertical direction, and the horizontal dislocation magnitude describes the relative displacement of the two sides of the fault in the horizontal direction. The dislocation direction parameter is used to describe the fault movement type, including three types: normal fault direction, reverse fault direction, and strike-slip fault direction. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the value range of the vertical dislocation magnitude is 0.1 m to 2.0 m, the value range of the horizontal dislocation magnitude is 0.1 m to 1.5 m, and the dislocation direction is determined based on the actual geological survey results.

[0030] After obtaining the fault dislocation parameters and dislocation direction parameters, the deformation response calculation step establishes a dislocation-deformation coupled response model. The core of the dislocation-deformation coupled response model is the dislocation-deformation coupled response matrix, which describes the correspondence between the amount of fault dislocation and the deformation of each node in the tunnel. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the process of establishing the dislocation-deformation coupled response matrix includes the following steps:

[0031] First, based on the tunnel structure's geometric information and material properties in the fused dataset, an equivalent beam-spring model of the tunnel structure is established. In this model, the tunnel lining structure is equivalent to a beam element with bending stiffness and shear stiffness, and the interaction between the tunnel and the surrounding rock is equivalent to a distributed spring. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the bending stiffness of the beam element is calculated based on the moment of inertia of the lining section and the material's elastic modulus, and the stiffness coefficient of the distributed spring is determined based on the surrounding rock grade and the tunnel depth.

[0032] Secondly, based on the fault location and fault characteristics, the influence range and boundary conditions of the dislocation effect are determined. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for determining the influence range of fault dislocation is as follows: taking the fault center location as a reference, extending 3 to 5 times the tunnel diameter on both sides along the tunnel longitudinal direction as the influence range; applying displacement constraint conditions at the boundary of the influence range to constrain the rigid body displacement of the tunnel structure.

[0033] Then, the dislocation-deformation coupling response matrix is ​​established. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the formula for calculating the dislocation-deformation coupling response matrix is ​​as follows:

[0034] ,

[0035] in, Let be the displacement vectors of each node in the tunnel structure. The overall stiffness matrix of the tunnel structure. This is the equivalent nodal force vector generated by fault dislocation. The dimension is ,in This represents the total number of degrees of freedom of the nodes; The dimension is ; The dimension is .

[0036] Equivalent nodal force vector The calculation method is as follows:

[0037] ,

[0038] in, This is the dislocation-force transformation matrix. This is the fault dislocation vector. The dimension is Its elements are determined based on the fault location, the angle between the tunnel and the fault, and the spring stiffness of the surrounding rock; , , respectively represent the dislocation components of the fault in the X, Y, and Z directions.

[0039] After establishing the dislocation-deformation coupled response matrix, the deformation response calculation step performs numerical calculations of the deformation response. The specific calculation process includes: first, converting the fault dislocation parameters into fault dislocation vectors. Secondly, based on the dislocation-force transformation matrix... Calculate the equivalent nodal force vector Then, solve the system of linear equations. , thus obtaining the nodal displacement vector Finally, the stress and strain distributions are calculated based on the nodal displacement vectors.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the stress distribution is calculated using the following method: for beam elements, bending stress and shear stress are calculated based on the displacement-stress relationship; for solid elements, the components of the stress tensor are calculated based on the constitutive relation and the strain-displacement relation. The strain distribution is calculated using geometric equations, and the strain tensor at each point is calculated based on the gradient of the displacement field.

[0041] The output of the deformation response calculation step is deformation response data, which includes three parts: displacement distribution data, stress distribution data, and strain distribution data. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the spatial resolution of the displacement distribution data is not less than 0.1 meters, and the calculation accuracy of the displacement values ​​is not less than 0.001 meters; the numerical accuracy of the stress distribution data is not less than 0.01 MPa; and the numerical accuracy of the strain distribution data is not less than 0.00001.

[0042] Step S3: 3D visualization rendering step.

[0043] The core task of the 3D visualization rendering step is to intuitively display the deformation analysis results in the form of cloud maps, isosurfaces, and animations based on deformation response data and through parametric 3D visualization rendering methods.

[0044] In one embodiment of the present invention, the three-dimensional visualization rendering step includes three sub-processes: deformation cloud map rendering, isosurface rendering, and deformation animation rendering.

[0045] Regarding the rendering of deformable cloud maps, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the processing flow of deformable cloud map rendering includes: first, establishing a mapping function between displacement values ​​and color levels; second, coloring each spatial point in the displacement distribution data according to the mapping function; and then, rendering the colored spatial points into a three-dimensional deformable cloud map using a volume rendering method.

[0046] The method for establishing the mapping function between displacement values ​​and color levels is as follows: Let the minimum displacement value in the displacement distribution data be... The maximum displacement value is Then the displacement value corresponding normalized value The calculation formula is:

[0047] ,

[0048] in, The displacement value to be mapped. and These are the minimum and maximum values ​​in the displacement distribution data, respectively. (Normalized value) The value range is from 0 to 1.

[0049] Normalized values The method for mapping to color levels is as follows: In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a rainbow color scale or a thermal color scale is used for mapping. For the rainbow color scale, the normalized value... The corresponding RGB color component calculation formula is:

[0050] ,

[0051] ,

[0052] ,

[0053] in, , , Normalized values The corresponding red, green, and blue components all have values ​​ranging from 0 to 1.

[0054] After the spatial points are colored, a volume rendering method is used to render the colored spatial points into a 3D deformable cloud map. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the volume rendering method employs a ray casting algorithm to sample and synthesize the colored spatial points along the line of sight to generate the final deformable cloud map image.

[0055] Regarding isosurface rendering, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the isosurface rendering process includes: first, setting a preset number of stress isosurface thresholds; second, using an isosurface extraction method to extract a three-dimensional surface corresponding to each stress isosurface threshold from the stress distribution data; and then, smoothing and rendering the extracted three-dimensional surface with transparency to generate a multi-level isosurface visualization result.

[0056] The method for setting the stress equivalent threshold is as follows: Let the minimum stress value in the stress distribution data be... The maximum stress value is The preset number of isosurfaces is Then the first Equivalent threshold The calculation formula is:

[0057] ,

[0058] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the number of isosurfaces The value ranges from 5 to 20, with a preferred value of 10.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the isosurface extraction method employs the Marching Cubes algorithm. This algorithm traverses each voxel of the stress distribution data, determines the topological structure of the isosurface within the voxel based on the relationship between the stress values ​​at the eight vertices of the voxel and the isosurface threshold, and generates corresponding triangular patches. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, to improve the smoothness of the isosurface, a Laplace smoothing algorithm is used for 3 to 5 iterations of smoothing processing based on the original isosurface extracted by the Marching Cubes algorithm.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the transparency rendering method employs the following strategy: multiple stress isosurfaces are rendered in ascending order of stress value, with isosurfaces having lower stress values ​​set to higher transparency and isosurfaces having higher stress values ​​set to lower transparency. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first... Transparency of isosurfaces The calculation formula is:

[0061] ,

[0062] in, For basic transparency, a value of 0.3 is preferred; This represents the total number of isosurfaces. This is the index of the current isosurface.

[0063] Regarding morphing animation rendering, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the morphing animation rendering process includes: first, discretizing the fault dislocation process into a preset number of time steps; second, calculating the deformation response data corresponding to each time step; then, generating a corresponding morphing cloud map frame for each time step; and finally, compositing all the morphing cloud map frames into a morphing animation in chronological order.

[0064] The time-step discretization method is as follows: Let the total duration of the fault dislocation process be... The number of time steps is Then the first The moment at each time step and the corresponding dislocation proportionality coefficient The calculation formula is:

[0065] ,

[0066] Among them, the dislocation proportionality coefficient Used to calculate the The fault dislocation amount corresponding to each time step is calculated using the following formula: ,in This represents the final fault dislocation amount. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the number of time steps... The value ranges from 20 to 100, with a preferred value of 50.

[0067] Step S4: Interactive parameter adjustment steps.

[0068] The core task of the interactive parameter adjustment step is to respond to the user's parameter adjustment operation, obtain the adjusted fault dislocation amount, dislocation direction or flexible joint position parameters, and feed the adjusted fault dislocation amount, dislocation direction or flexible joint position parameters back to the deformation response calculation step, triggering the recalculation of deformation response data and the real-time update of the 3D visualization rendering step.

[0069] In one embodiment of the invention, the interactive parameter adjustment step provides three types of adjustable parameters, including fault dislocation parameters, dislocation direction parameters, and flexible joint parameters.

[0070] Regarding the interactive adjustment of fault dislocation parameters, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the user can adjust the vertical and horizontal dislocation amounts via a slider or numerical input box. The adjustable range for the vertical dislocation amount is 0.1 meters to 2.0 meters, with an adjustment step of 0.05 meters; the adjustable range for the horizontal dislocation amount is 0.1 meters to 1.5 meters, with an adjustment step of 0.05 meters. When the user adjusts the fault dislocation parameters, the system acquires the new parameter values ​​in real time and transmits them to the deformation response calculation step for recalculation.

[0071] Regarding the interactive adjustment of dislocation direction parameters, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the user can select the dislocation direction type via a drop-down menu or radio button, including three options: normal fault direction, reverse fault direction, and strike-slip fault direction. Furthermore, the user can precisely adjust the fault dip angle and dislocation azimuth angle via a numerical input box or angle slider. When the user adjusts the dislocation direction parameters, the system updates the dislocation-force transformation matrix in real time. And recalculate the deformation response data.

[0072] Regarding the interactive adjustment of flexible joint parameters, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the user can adjust the flexible joint parameters in the following ways: First, by dragging and dropping in the 3D visualization interface, the joint position can be directly adjusted, and the system displays the joint's mileage coordinates in real time; Second, by using a slider or numerical input box, the joint stiffness parameters, including axial stiffness, radial stiffness, and tangential stiffness, can be adjusted; Third, by using a numerical input box, the joint deformation allowable parameters can be adjusted. When the user adjusts the flexible joint parameters, the system updates the joint layer data in the fused dataset and re-establishes the dislocation-deformation coupling response model.

[0073] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the real-time update mechanism for the interactive parameter adjustment step employs the following strategy: When a parameter adjustment operation is detected, the system first determines the type of parameter being adjusted; if the adjustment involves fault dislocation quantity or dislocation direction parameters, only the displacement distribution in the deformation response data is recalculated, while the stress and strain distributions are updated synchronously based on the displacement distribution; if the adjustment involves flexible joint parameters, the dislocation-deformation coupled response matrix needs to be re-established before calculating the deformation response data. This classification and processing strategy can improve the real-time update response speed while ensuring calculation accuracy.

[0074] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the real-time update response time requirements are as follows: the update time of the deformation cloud map after fault dislocation adjustment is no more than 500 milliseconds; the update time of the isosurface after dislocation direction adjustment is no more than 1000 milliseconds; and the update time of the complete visualization after flexible joint position adjustment is no more than 2000 milliseconds. The above response time requirements have been tested and passed on a computing device configured with an Intel Core i7 processor, 16GB of memory, and an NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 graphics card.

[0075] The interactive parameter-deformation linkage update algorithm is one of the core innovations of this invention, and its calculation formula is as follows:

[0076] ,

[0077] in, It is the displacement increment vector. This represents the fault dislocation increment vector. The formula shows that when a user adjusts the fault dislocation parameters, the displacement increment can be quickly calculated using matrix multiplication without resolving the complete system of linear equations. This incremental calculation method significantly improves the real-time response speed of parameter adjustments.

[0078] Step S5: Risk assessment and decision-making steps.

[0079] The core task of the risk assessment and decision-making process is to generate a deformation distribution heat map and a structural damage risk zoning map based on the deformation response data, generate optimization suggestions for the flexible joint layout based on the deformation analysis results, and feed the optimization suggestions back to the deformation response calculation process to update the deformation analysis results.

[0080] In one embodiment of the present invention, the risk assessment and decision-making steps include three sub-processes: generating a deformation distribution heat map, generating a structural damage risk zoning map, and optimizing the arrangement of flexible joints.

[0081] Regarding the generation of deformation distribution heatmaps, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the generation process of deformation distribution heatmaps includes: first, dividing the tunnel structure longitudinally into a predetermined number of analysis units; second, statistically analyzing the maximum deformation, average deformation, and deformation gradient within each analysis unit; then, calculating the comprehensive deformation index of each analysis unit based on the maximum deformation, average deformation, and deformation gradient; and finally, mapping the comprehensive deformation index to a thermal color scale to generate a deformation distribution heatmap.

[0082] The method for dividing the tunnel structure analysis unit is as follows: Let the total length of the tunnel be... The number of analysis units is The length of each analysis unit and the Mileage range of each analysis unit The calculation formula is:

[0083] ,

[0084] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the number of analysis units The value range is 20 to 100, with a preferred value of 50; when the total length of the tunnel When the length is 1000 meters, the length of each analysis unit is... It is approximately 20 meters.

[0085] The formula for calculating the overall deformation index is as follows:

[0086] ,

[0087] in, For the first The overall deformation index of each analysis unit; For the first The maximum deformation within each analysis unit; For the first Average deformation within each analysis unit; For the first The deformation gradient within an analysis element is calculated by dividing the difference between the maximum and minimum deformation within the element by the element length. The default variable allowable value; This is the preset allowable value for deformation gradient; , , For the weighting coefficients, satisfying In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the weighting coefficient is taken as... , , .

[0088] The method for mapping the comprehensive deformation index to the thermodynamic color scale is as follows: Let the mapping range of the comprehensive deformation index be... Then the first The thermal color of each analysis unit is determined through the following steps: First, the normalization index is calculated. Secondly, the normalization index is mapped to the thermal color scale. The larger the normalization index, the closer the color is to red, and the smaller the normalization index, the closer the color is to blue.

[0089] Regarding the generation of structural damage risk zoning maps, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the generation process of structural damage risk zoning maps includes: first, determining a preset damage threshold; second, classifying the deformation response data into risk levels according to the damage threshold; then, setting a corresponding color and mark for each risk level; and finally, generating a structural damage risk zoning map.

[0090] The preset damage thresholds include a first damage threshold. Second damage threshold and the third damage threshold ,in First damage threshold The second damage threshold corresponds to the minor damage level. Corresponding to moderate injury level, the third injury threshold Corresponding to the severity of damage. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the damage threshold is determined according to the design specifications of the tunnel structure, and the first damage threshold is... The second damage threshold is set at 50% of the allowable value. Take 80% of the variable allowable value, the third damage threshold Take 100% of the variable adjective value.

[0091] The method for classifying risk levels is as follows: Let the deformation of a certain spatial point be... The risk level of that point is... The rules are as follows:

[0092] ,

[0093] The colors corresponding to each risk level are: green for safe level, yellow for slightly risky level, orange for moderate risky level, and red for severely risky level.

[0094] Regarding the optimization of flexible joint layout, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the process for optimizing the flexible joint layout includes: first, identifying high deformation regions in the deformation distribution heatmap where the deformation index exceeds a preset deformation index threshold; second, identifying high-risk regions in the structural damage risk zoning map where the risk level reaches a preset risk level threshold; then, determining the overlapping area between the high deformation region and the high-risk region as the priority region for joint layout; and finally, generating recommended locations and design parameters for flexible joints based on the spatial distribution characteristics of the priority region for joint layout.

[0095] The method for identifying high-deformation regions is as follows: Let the preset deformation index threshold be... The comprehensive deformation index The analysis units are marked as high deformation regions. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the deformation index threshold... Set it to 1.0.

[0096] The method for identifying high-risk areas is as follows: If the preset risk level threshold is medium risk, then areas with a risk level of medium or severe risk are marked as high-risk areas.

[0097] The method for determining the priority area for joint placement is as follows: High deformation areas and high-risk areas are spatially superimposed and analyzed; the overlapping area is the priority area for joint placement. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the boundary of the priority area for joint placement is extended to both sides by 0.5 times the tunnel diameter to ensure that the joint can effectively cover the deformation concentration area.

[0098] The method for generating the recommended location and design parameters of the flexible joint is as follows: In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the recommended location of the flexible joint is set at the boundary of the preferred joint arrangement area, i.e., at both ends of the deformation concentration area; the recommended design parameters of the flexible joint are determined based on the deformation gradient and maximum deformation at this location, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0099] ,

[0100] ,

[0101] in, For the recommended joint stiffness, Based on the fundamental stiffness parameters, This is the stiffness adjustment factor. This represents the deformation gradient at that location. This is the allowable value for deformation gradient; The recommended connector size is specified. This represents the maximum deformation at that location. This is the safety margin factor. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the foundation stiffness parameter... The stiffness adjustment factor is taken as 1.0 × 10^7 N / m. The safety margin coefficient is set to 0.5. Set it to 0.2.

[0102] The closed-loop feedback mechanism of the risk assessment and decision-making steps is as follows: After the optimization suggestions for flexible joint arrangement are fed back to the deformation response calculation step, the deformation response calculation step re-establishes the dislocation-deformation coupled response model based on the new joint parameters and calculates the deformation response data. The 3D visualization rendering step re-renders the visualization results based on the updated deformation response data. The risk assessment and decision-making step re-assesses the risk level and adjusts the optimization suggestions based on the updated visualization results. This closed-loop iterative process continues until the preset convergence condition is met or the maximum number of iterations is reached. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the convergence condition is that the difference between the maximum values ​​of the comprehensive deformation index of two adjacent iterations is less than 0.05, and the maximum number of iterations is 10.

[0103] like Figure 2 As shown, the three-dimensional visualization analysis system for the deformation of tunnel structures in fault zones provided by this invention includes five core modules: a multi-source data fusion module 1, a deformation response calculation module 2, a three-dimensional visualization rendering module 3, an interactive parameter adjustment module 4, and a risk assessment and decision-making module 5. These five modules correspond one-to-one with the five steps in the method embodiment, and the functional implementation of each module is consistent with the processing flow of the corresponding steps in the method embodiment.

[0104] The multi-source data fusion module 1 acquires 3D geological model data of the fault zone, BIM model data of the tunnel structure, deformation field data from finite element analysis, and design parameter data of the flexible joint. It then performs spatial coordinate registration on the acquired multi-source data to generate a fused dataset in a unified spatial coordinate system. The data acquisition interface of the multi-source data fusion module 1 supports the import of various data formats, including 3D point cloud format, IFC format, finite element result file format, and parameter table format. The multi-source data fusion module 1 outputs the fused dataset to the deformation response calculation module 2.

[0105] The deformation response calculation module 2 is used to calculate the deformation response of the tunnel structure under fault dislocation action based on the fused dataset and according to the fault dislocation parameters and dislocation direction parameters, through a dislocation-deformation coupled response model. It generates deformation response data including displacement distribution data, stress distribution data, and strain distribution data. The deformation response calculation module 2 receives the fused dataset output by the multi-source data fusion module 1, and simultaneously receives adjustment parameters from the interactive parameter adjustment module 4 and optimization suggestions from the risk assessment and decision-making module 5. The deformation response calculation module 2 outputs the deformation response data to the 3D visualization rendering module 3 and the risk assessment and decision-making module 5.

[0106] The 3D visualization rendering module 3 is used to render displacement distribution data into deformation cloud maps, stress distribution data into isosurfaces, and the temporal evolution process of deformation response into deformation animations based on deformation response data using a parametric 3D visualization rendering method. The 3D visualization rendering module 3 receives deformation response data output from the deformation response calculation module 2, and simultaneously receives rendering parameter adjustment commands and real-time update requests from the interactive parameter adjustment module 4. The 3D visualization rendering module 3 outputs the rendering results to the display device and the interactive parameter adjustment module 4.

[0107] The interactive parameter adjustment module 4 responds to user parameter adjustment operations, acquires the adjusted fault dislocation amount, dislocation direction, or flexible joint location parameters, and sends the adjusted parameters to the deformation response calculation module 2, triggering the recalculation of deformation response data and real-time updates to the 3D visualization rendering. The interactive parameter adjustment module 4 provides a user interface, including parameter sliders, numerical input boxes, drop-down menus, and 3D drag-and-drop controls. The interactive parameter adjustment module 4 receives user-inputted parameter adjustment commands, transmits the adjusted parameters to the deformation response calculation module 2, and sends a real-time update request to the 3D visualization rendering module 3.

[0108] The risk assessment and decision-making module 5 generates a deformation distribution heatmap and a structural damage risk zoning map based on the deformation response data. Based on these maps, it generates optimization suggestions for the flexible joint arrangement and sends these suggestions to the deformation response calculation module 2 to update the deformation analysis results. The risk assessment and decision-making module 5 receives the deformation response data output from the deformation response calculation module 2, performs comprehensive deformation index calculation, risk level classification, and joint optimization analysis, and outputs a deformation distribution heatmap, a structural damage risk zoning map, and optimization suggestions for the flexible joint arrangement. The risk assessment and decision-making module 5 then feeds back the optimization suggestions to the deformation response calculation module 2, forming a closed-loop optimization iteration.

[0109] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the five modules are deployed on the same computing device and implemented using a modular software architecture. The modules communicate with each other through memory data exchange and message passing mechanisms. In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the five modules can be distributed across different computing devices and exchange data using network communication protocols to meet the computational needs of deformation analysis in large-scale tunnel engineering.

[0110] Compared with existing technologies, this invention has the following advantages: First, by integrating multi-source heterogeneous data such as the three-dimensional geological model of the fault zone, the BIM model of the tunnel structure, the deformation field of finite element analysis, and the design parameters of flexible joints, a comprehensive analysis of the deformation response of the tunnel structure under fault dislocation is achieved. Second, through parametric three-dimensional visualization rendering technology, the deformation analysis results are intuitively displayed in the form of cloud maps, isosurfaces, and animations, overcoming the problem of unintuitive display in traditional finite element post-processing methods. Third, through interactive parameter adjustment functions, designers can dynamically adjust key parameters such as fault dislocation amount, dislocation direction, and joint position, and observe changes in deformation response in real time, improving design iteration efficiency. Fourth, by generating deformation distribution heat maps and structural damage risk zoning maps, and providing optimization suggestions for flexible joint layout based on these, an intuitive visual basis is provided for fault-resistant design decisions.

[0111] The embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the specific embodiments described above. Those skilled in the art can make various equivalent changes or substitutions based on the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such changes or substitutions should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional visualization analysis method for the deformation of tunnel structures in fault zones, characterized in that, include: The multi-source data fusion step involves acquiring three-dimensional geological model data of the fault zone, BIM model data of the tunnel structure, deformation field data of finite element analysis, and design parameter data of flexible joints. The three-dimensional geological model data of the fault zone, the BIM model data of the tunnel structure, the deformation field data of finite element analysis, and the design parameter data of flexible joints are spatially registered to generate a fused dataset in a unified spatial coordinate system. The deformation response calculation step involves calculating the deformation response of the tunnel structure under fault dislocation action based on the fused dataset and according to the preset fault dislocation parameters and dislocation direction parameters, using a dislocation-deformation coupled response model to generate deformation response data containing displacement distribution data, stress distribution data, and strain distribution data. The three-dimensional visualization rendering step involves rendering the displacement distribution data into a deformation cloud map, the stress distribution data into an isosurface, and the temporal evolution process of the deformation response data into a deformation animation based on the deformation response data using a parametric three-dimensional visualization rendering method. The interactive parameter adjustment step responds to the user's parameter adjustment operation, obtains the adjusted fault dislocation amount, dislocation direction or flexible joint position parameters, and feeds the adjusted fault dislocation amount, dislocation direction or flexible joint position parameters back to the deformation response calculation step, triggering the recalculation of the deformation response data and the real-time update of the three-dimensional visualization rendering step. The risk assessment and decision-making steps involve generating a deformation distribution heatmap based on the deformation response data through spatial distribution analysis of deformation, classifying the deformation response data into risk levels based on a preset damage threshold to generate a structural damage risk zoning map, generating flexible joint arrangement optimization suggestions based on the deformation distribution heatmap and the structural damage risk zoning map, and feeding back the flexible joint arrangement optimization suggestions to the deformation response calculation steps to update the deformation analysis results.

2. The three-dimensional visualization analysis method for the deformation of fault zone tunnel structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-dimensional geological model data of the fault zone includes fault geometry data, fault dip angle data, fault width data, and fault fracture zone attribute data; the BIM model data of the tunnel structure includes tunnel geometry data, lining structure data, and material property data; the finite element analysis deformation field data includes nodal displacement matrix and stress tensor field data; and the flexible joint design parameter data includes joint location data, joint stiffness data, and joint deformation allowable data.

3. The three-dimensional visualization analysis method for the deformation of fault zone tunnel structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fault dislocation parameters include vertical dislocation amount and horizontal dislocation amount, and the dislocation direction parameters include normal fault direction, reverse fault direction and strike-slip fault direction; the spatial resolution of the displacement distribution data is not less than 0.1 meters, and the numerical accuracy of the stress distribution data is not less than 0.01 MPa.

4. The three-dimensional visualization analysis method for the deformation of fault zone tunnel structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset damage thresholds include a first damage threshold, a second damage threshold, and a third damage threshold, wherein the first damage threshold is 50% of the allowable variation value, the second damage threshold is 80% of the allowable variation value, and the third damage threshold is 100% of the allowable variation value.

5. The three-dimensional visualization analysis method for the deformation of fault zone tunnel structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of the deformation response of the tunnel structure under fault dislocation using the dislocation-deformation coupled response model includes: A dislocation-deformation coupled response matrix for a tunnel structure under fault dislocation is established, which describes the correspondence between the amount of fault dislocation and the deformation of each node in the tunnel. Based on the tunnel structure geometry and material properties in the fused dataset, determine the stiffness coefficient and damping coefficient in the dislocation-deformation coupling response matrix; Using the fault dislocation parameters as excitation input, the displacement response, stress response, and strain response values ​​of each node in the tunnel structure are calculated through the dislocation-deformation coupled response matrix.

6. The three-dimensional visualization analysis method for the deformation of a fault zone tunnel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of rendering the displacement distribution data into a deformation cloud map using a parametric 3D visualization rendering method includes: Establish a mapping function between displacement values ​​and color levels, wherein the mapping function maps the displacement value range to a preset color level range; Each spatial point in the displacement distribution data is colored according to the mapping function; The colored spatial points are rendered into a 3D deformable cloud map using volume rendering methods.

7. The three-dimensional visualization analysis method for the deformation of fault zone tunnel structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of rendering the stress distribution data into an isosurface includes: Set a preset number of stress equivalent threshold values; The isosurface extraction method is used to extract the three-dimensional surface corresponding to each stress isosurface threshold from the stress distribution data; The extracted 3D surface is smoothed and rendered with transparency to generate a multi-level isosurface visualization result.

8. The three-dimensional visualization analysis method for the deformation of fault zone tunnel structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of generating a deformation distribution heatmap through spatial distribution analysis includes: The tunnel structure is divided into a predetermined number of analysis units along its longitudinal direction; Statistically analyze the maximum deformation, average deformation, and deformation gradient within each analysis unit; The comprehensive deformation index of each analysis unit is calculated based on the maximum deformation, the average deformation, and the deformation gradient. The comprehensive deformation index is mapped to a thermal color scale to generate the deformation distribution heatmap.

9. The three-dimensional visualization analysis method for the deformation of a fault zone tunnel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of generating flexible joint arrangement optimization suggestions based on the deformation distribution heat map and the structural damage risk zoning map includes: Identify high deformation regions in the deformation distribution heatmap where the deformation index exceeds a preset deformation index threshold. Identify high-risk areas in the structural damage risk zoning map whose risk level reaches a preset risk level threshold; The overlapping area between the high deformation area and the high risk area is determined as the priority area for joint arrangement; Based on the spatial distribution characteristics of the preferred joint arrangement area, the recommended location and design parameters of the flexible joint are generated.

10. A three-dimensional visualization analysis system for the deformation of tunnel structures in fault zones, used to implement the three-dimensional visualization analysis method for the deformation of tunnel structures in fault zones as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, include: The multi-source data fusion module is used to acquire three-dimensional geological model data of the fault zone, BIM model data of the tunnel structure, deformation field data of finite element analysis, and design parameter data of flexible joint. It performs spatial coordinate registration on the three-dimensional geological model data of the fault zone, the BIM model data of the tunnel structure, the deformation field data of finite element analysis, and the design parameter data of flexible joint to generate a fused dataset in a unified spatial coordinate system. The deformation response calculation module is used to calculate the deformation response of the tunnel structure under fault dislocation action based on the fused dataset, according to the fault dislocation parameters and dislocation direction parameters, and through the dislocation-deformation coupled response model, and generate deformation response data containing displacement distribution data, stress distribution data and strain distribution data. The three-dimensional visualization rendering module is used to render the displacement distribution data into a deformation cloud map, the stress distribution data into an isosurface, and the temporal evolution process of the deformation response into a deformation animation based on the deformation response data using a parameterized three-dimensional visualization rendering method. The interactive parameter adjustment module is used to respond to the user's parameter adjustment operation, obtain the adjusted fault dislocation amount, dislocation direction or flexible joint position parameters, and send the adjusted fault dislocation amount, dislocation direction or flexible joint position parameters to the deformation response calculation module to trigger the recalculation of deformation response data and the real-time update of three-dimensional visualization rendering. The risk assessment and decision-making module is used to generate a deformation distribution heat map and a structural damage risk zoning map based on the deformation response data, generate flexible joint arrangement optimization suggestions based on the deformation distribution heat map and the structural damage risk zoning map, and send the flexible joint arrangement optimization suggestions to the deformation response calculation module to update the deformation analysis results.

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