A method and system for calculating the value of soil and water conservation ecological products

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of water and soil conservation ecological product value accounting method and system, it is related to environmental and resource management technical field, including: obtaining standardization accounting data set, water and soil conservation function space feature is identified based on standardization accounting data set, and water and soil conservation ecological product space accounting unit is divided to generate spatial accounting unit distribution layer;With the boundary information and attribute characteristics in spatial accounting unit distribution layer and water and soil conservation ecological product classification system, the water and soil conservation ecological product physical quantity index of each accounting unit is extracted, and the classified water and soil conservation ecological product physical quantity data set is obtained;Based on regional economic parameter library, value conversion is carried out to obtain initial water and soil conservation ecological product value data set;Multi-dimensional verification rule cross validation constructs correction rule to complete iterative calibration;Real-time dynamic adjustment and tracking mechanism obtain water and soil conservation ecological product value accounting result.The application can significantly reduce the accounting deviation, improve the accuracy of accounting result.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of environmental and resource management technology, specifically a method and system for calculating the value of soil and water conservation ecological products. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, traditional methods rely on limited data sources and lack the integration and standardized processing of multi-source data, resulting in insufficient comprehensiveness and accuracy of the accounting results. Moreover, they cannot achieve spatial refinement of the accounting of the value of soil and water conservation ecological products, making it difficult to pinpoint the specific grid unit, resulting in low spatial resolution of the accounting results. Traditional methods also lack real-time monitoring data and dynamic adjustment mechanisms, making it difficult to dynamically adjust and optimize according to changes in the target area's ecosystem and socio-economic conditions, resulting in low timeliness and accuracy of the results.

[0003] Furthermore, traditional methods lack multi-dimensional ecological verification rules for target areas to cross-validate initial accounting results and value correction rules based on verification results, resulting in low reliability of accounting results. Traditional methods do not fully consider the socio-economic development level and resource scarcity of target areas, leading to accounting results that do not match the actual situation and ecological and economic characteristics of the region. Traditional methods cannot simulate value realization scenarios based on the spatial grid data of the value of soil and water conservation ecological products after spatiotemporal correction, making it difficult to provide decision-makers with value realization paths and effect assessments for soil and water conservation ecological products under different scenarios. Traditional methods lack continuous data updates, verification comparisons, and update optimization operations, making it difficult to form a dynamic iterative optimization cycle, resulting in insufficient continuous optimization and updating of the value accounting results of soil and water conservation ecological products.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a scientific method and system for calculating the value of soil and water conservation ecological products to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention aims to provide a method for calculating the value of soil and water conservation ecological products, which includes the following steps:

[0006] S1. Obtain multi-source data on soil and water conservation in the target area, perform standardized cleaning and spatiotemporal alignment on the multi-source data, and obtain a standardized accounting dataset with a unified spatiotemporal benchmark.

[0007] S2. Identify the spatial characteristics of soil and water conservation functions based on the standardized accounting dataset, divide the spatial accounting units of soil and water conservation ecological products, and generate a spatial accounting unit distribution layer.

[0008] S3. Using the boundary information and attribute features in the spatial accounting unit distribution layer, and combining the water and soil conservation ecological product classification system, extract the physical quantity indicators of water and soil conservation ecological products of each accounting unit to obtain the classified water and soil conservation ecological product physical quantity dataset.

[0009] S4. Based on the classified physical quantity dataset of soil and water conservation ecological products, market price and substitution cost parameters from the regional economic parameter library are introduced for value conversion to obtain an initial value dataset of soil and water conservation ecological products containing direct and indirect value.

[0010] S5. Based on the multi-dimensional target area ecological verification rules, cross-validate the initial soil and water conservation ecological product value dataset to generate an accounting accuracy assessment result that includes single-dimensional accuracy scores and common deviation analysis.

[0011] S6. Based on the accounting accuracy assessment results, construct value correction rules, generate regional differentiation correction coefficients and integrate them into the initial soil and water conservation ecological product value dataset, complete the iterative calibration of the accounting system, and obtain the corrected comprehensive value accounting results.

[0012] S7. Combining the resource scarcity and socio-economic development level of the target area, the revised comprehensive value accounting results are spatiotemporally corrected to generate spatiotemporally corrected spatial grid data of the value of soil and water conservation ecological products. Real-time monitoring data is introduced to establish a dynamic value adjustment and tracking mechanism, and the optimized value accounting results of soil and water conservation ecological products are output.

[0013] Preferably, the multi-source data undergoes standardization cleaning and spatiotemporal alignment processing to obtain a standardized accounting dataset with a unified spatiotemporal benchmark, including:

[0014] Collect basic geographic information and soil data, water and soil conservation engineering measures data, land use and cover data, vegetation ecological parameter data, hydrological and meteorological data, and socio-economic data to form a multi-source data set for water and soil conservation;

[0015] Missing values ​​were filled and outliers were removed from the multi-source soil and water conservation dataset to complete the standardized cleaning process and obtain the cleaned basic dataset.

[0016] Spatial analysis is performed on the cleaned basic dataset using the geographic information of the target area, and the dataset is uniformly converted to the same spatial coordinate system and time resolution to complete the spatiotemporal alignment process.

[0017] The spatiotemporally aligned base dataset is subjected to data integrity and consistency verification. Once the verification is successful, a standardized accounting dataset with a unified spatiotemporal benchmark is generated.

[0018] Preferably, generating a spatial accounting unit distribution layer includes:

[0019] Based on the functional attributes of soil and water conservation ecological products, a classification system for soil and water conservation ecological products is constructed, including material supply, regulation services, and cultural services.

[0020] Extract topographic features, vegetation cover and soil type characteristics from the standardized accounting dataset, and construct an evaluation index system for the sensitivity of soil and water conservation ecological functions.

[0021] Spatial cluster analysis was conducted on the target area using a sensitivity evaluation index system and a water and soil conservation ecological product classification system to determine the boundary between water and soil erosion-prone areas and ecologically fragile areas, and to generate water and soil conservation functional zoning data.

[0022] Based on the water and soil conservation functional zoning data and land use status data, spatial boundary identification rules are set, the target area is divided into grids, and independent ecological product accounting units are delineated as spatial accounting units for water and soil conservation ecological products.

[0023] Based on the attribution attributes and dominant ecological functions of the spatial accounting units of soil and water conservation ecological products, hierarchical merging and topological relationship verification are performed to output the spatial accounting unit distribution layer.

[0024] Preferably, the classified dataset of physical quantities of soil and water conservation ecological products includes:

[0025] Based on the spatial accounting unit distribution layer, the accounting basic data of each accounting unit is extracted to establish a unit-level physical quantity accounting basic dataset;

[0026] Calculate the baseline physical quantity of the target area under the scenario of no soil and water conservation measures and the current physical quantity under the existing soil and water conservation measures system. The difference between the two is the increase in the physical quantity of ecological products brought about by soil and water conservation measures.

[0027] The quantitative indicators are categorized and matched according to the ecological product classification system to generate a dataset of physical quantities of soil and water conservation ecological products that covers all units, types, and attributes.

[0028] Preferably, an initial dataset of the value of soil and water conservation ecological products, including both direct and indirect value, is obtained, comprising:

[0029] Collect economic parameters such as market transaction prices, substitution costs, and willingness to pay within the target area, and construct an economic parameter database for the target area.

[0030] Based on the theory of ecological product value transformation, corresponding value accounting methods are determined for material supply, regulatory services and cultural services respectively;

[0031] Using the corresponding parameters in the target area economic parameter database, the value of the classified soil and water conservation ecological product physical quantity dataset is calculated by category, and the value data of each type of ecological product is obtained.

[0032] The value data of material supply categories are aggregated into direct value, and the value data of regulation services and cultural services categories are aggregated into indirect value. These are then integrated to generate an initial dataset of the value of soil and water conservation ecological products, which includes both direct and indirect values.

[0033] Preferably, the initial soil and water conservation ecological product value dataset is cross-validated according to the multi-dimensional target area ecological verification rules to generate an accounting accuracy assessment result that includes single-dimensional accuracy scores and common deviation analysis, including:

[0034] Based on the actual situation of the target area's ecological environment characteristics and soil and water conservation measures system, a multi-dimensional ecological verification rule for the target area is constructed, which includes field verification, comparative verification, and expert verification.

[0035] Based on the multi-dimensional target area ecological verification rules, and combined with the spatial units and time dimensions in the initial soil and water conservation ecological product value dataset, a multi-dimensional verification task set covering different regions and time periods is generated.

[0036] The multi-dimensional verification task set was applied sequentially to the initial soil and water conservation ecological product value dataset to carry out field sampling verification, comparative verification with similar regions, and industry expert review verification.

[0037] Based on the verification results, the deviation rate between the calculated value and the actual value is calculated. Combining the spatial and temporal characteristics of the verification task, the accuracy assessment result including single-dimensional accuracy score and common deviation analysis is generated.

[0038] Preferably, based on the accuracy assessment results of the accounting calculation, a value correction rule is constructed, regional differentiation correction coefficients are generated and integrated into the initial soil and water conservation ecological product value dataset, and the iterative calibration of the accounting system is completed to obtain the corrected comprehensive value accounting result, including:

[0039] Based on the common deviation analysis in the accounting accuracy assessment results, the influence factors of target area differences and the deviation characteristics of accounting methods are extracted, and a value correction rule is constructed that includes correction trigger conditions, parameter adjustment rules and accounting method optimization specifications.

[0040] Combining the single-dimensional accuracy score and value correction rules in the accuracy assessment results, corresponding target area differentiation correction coefficients are generated for target areas and soil and water conservation ecological product types with deviation rates exceeding preset thresholds.

[0041] According to the value correction rule, the target area differentiation correction coefficient is applied to the initial soil and water conservation ecological product value dataset to adjust the value accounting values ​​of various soil and water conservation ecological products and obtain the corrected comprehensive value accounting results.

[0042] Repeat the verification and correction process until the deviation rate of all verification dimensions is lower than the preset threshold and no systematic deviation occurs, thus completing the iterative calibration of the accounting system.

[0043] Preferably, the revised comprehensive value accounting results are subjected to spatiotemporal correction to generate spatiotemporally corrected spatial grid data of the value of soil and water conservation ecological products, including:

[0044] Collect data on regional GDP, population density, and per capita income of the target region to construct a standard for a socio-economic development correction index.

[0045] Obtain the water resource scarcity, vegetation scarcity, and ecological red line constraint level of the target area, and construct a resource and ecological scarcity correction index standard;

[0046] Using the socio-economic development correction index standard and the resource and ecological scarcity correction index standard, the corrected comprehensive value accounting results are individually corrected at the spatial grid scale to generate the comprehensive correction coefficient for each grid.

[0047] Collect socio-economic parameters and ecological resource data of the target area in different years, construct time series correction coefficients, and perform year-on-year correction on the comprehensive value accounting results of different time periods; combine the comprehensive correction coefficients at the spatial grid scale to generate spatial grid data of the value of soil and water conservation ecological products after spatiotemporal correction.

[0048] Preferably, after generating the spatiotemporally corrected spatial grid data of the value of soil and water conservation ecological products, the method further includes:

[0049] Based on the spatiotemporally corrected spatial grid data of the value of soil and water conservation ecological products, a value realization scenario simulation is conducted to obtain an assessment report on the value realization scenario of soil and water conservation ecological products, including:

[0050] Based on the spatial grid data of the value of soil and water conservation ecological products after spatiotemporal correction, four typical value realization pathways are set: government purchase, ecological compensation, carbon trading and ecological industry development, and a multi-channel value realization simulation framework is constructed.

[0051] By inputting different policy subsidy intensities, enterprise participation, and market transaction activity parameters into the simulation framework, and setting multiple sets of scenario control variables, different scenarios for realizing the value of soil and water conservation ecological products are generated.

[0052] A multi-channel value realization simulation framework was used to quantitatively extrapolate the value conversion rate, capital recovery cycle, and ecological benefit spillover effect under each water and soil conservation ecological product value realization scenario, and the simulation operation results of each realization scenario were obtained.

[0053] By comparing and analyzing the results of various simulations and conducting sensitivity evaluations, the best path for the transformation of the value of soil and water conservation ecological products is selected, and an assessment report on the realization scenario of the value of soil and water conservation ecological products is generated.

[0054] Preferably, a dynamic value adjustment and tracking mechanism is established by introducing real-time monitoring data, and the optimized value accounting results of soil and water conservation ecological products are output, including:

[0055] Continuously collect dynamic data on soil and water conservation projects, vegetation growth, hydrological and water quality, and socio-economic changes in the target area, and construct a real-time update mechanism that includes data update frequency, update threshold setting, and data validity verification.

[0056] Dynamic monitoring data is accessed according to the preset data update frequency. Invalid data is removed by the data validity verification rules in the real-time update mechanism. The verified dynamic monitoring data is then compared with the update threshold.

[0057] If the dynamic monitoring data meets the preset update conditions, the value correction rule is invoked to update the parameters and adjust the values ​​of the calculation results in the water and soil conservation ecological product value realization scenario assessment report, thus completing a single iteration optimization of the calculation results;

[0058] It continuously performs corresponding operations such as data access, verification and comparison, and update and optimization, monitors the matching status of dynamic monitoring data and update conditions in real time, forms a dynamic iterative optimization cycle, and outputs the final optimized value accounting result of soil and water conservation ecological products.

[0059] Another aspect of the present invention discloses a system for calculating the value of soil and water conservation ecological products, which includes the following modules:

[0060] Data acquisition and processing module: Acquires multi-source water and soil conservation data of the target area, performs standardized cleaning and spatiotemporal alignment processing on the multi-source data, and obtains a standardized accounting dataset with a unified spatiotemporal benchmark;

[0061] Accounting Unit Division Module: Based on the standardized accounting dataset, identify the spatial characteristics of soil and water conservation functions, divide the spatial accounting units of soil and water conservation ecological products, and generate a spatial accounting unit distribution layer;

[0062] Physical quantity extraction module: Utilizing the boundary information and attribute features in the spatial accounting unit distribution layer, and combining the water and soil conservation ecological product classification system, the physical quantity indicators of water and soil conservation ecological products in each accounting unit are extracted to obtain the classified water and soil conservation ecological product physical quantity dataset;

[0063] Value conversion module: Based on the classified physical quantity dataset of soil and water conservation ecological products, market price and substitution cost parameters from the regional economic parameter library are introduced to perform value conversion, resulting in an initial value dataset of soil and water conservation ecological products containing direct and indirect value.

[0064] Cross-validation evaluation module: Based on the multi-dimensional target area ecological validation rules, the initial soil and water conservation ecological product value dataset is cross-validated to generate an accounting accuracy evaluation result that includes single-dimensional accuracy scores and common deviation analysis;

[0065] Iterative calibration and correction module: Based on the accounting accuracy assessment results, value correction rules are constructed, regional differentiation correction coefficients are generated and integrated into the initial soil and water conservation ecological product value dataset, and iterative calibration of the accounting system is completed to obtain the corrected comprehensive value accounting results;

[0066] The calculation result output module combines the resource scarcity and socio-economic development level of the target area to perform spatiotemporal correction on the revised comprehensive value calculation result, generates spatiotemporally corrected spatial grid data of the value of soil and water conservation ecological products, introduces real-time monitoring data to establish a dynamic value adjustment and tracking mechanism, and outputs the optimized value calculation result of soil and water conservation ecological products.

[0067] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0068] 1. This invention integrates and standardizes multi-source data, combined with a water and soil conservation ecological product classification system and value accounting method, to comprehensively and accurately calculate the value of water and soil conservation ecological products, including direct and indirect value. At the same time, by utilizing spatial accounting unit distribution layers and gridded segmentation, spatial refinement of water and soil conservation ecological product value accounting can be achieved, accurate to specific grid units, thus improving the spatial resolution of the accounting results.

[0069] 2. This invention introduces real-time monitoring data and a dynamic adjustment mechanism, which can dynamically adjust and optimize the value accounting results of soil and water conservation ecological products according to changes in the target area's ecosystem and socio-economic conditions, ensuring the timeliness and accuracy of the results. At the same time, it cross-validates the initial accounting results through multi-dimensional target area ecological verification rules, and constructs value correction rules based on the verification results, realizing iterative calibration and optimization of the accounting results, thereby improving the reliability of the accounting results.

[0070] 3. This invention combines the socio-economic development level and resource scarcity of the target area to perform spatiotemporal correction on the accounting results, making the results more consistent with the actual situation and ecological and economic characteristics of the region. Simultaneously, based on the spatiotemporally corrected spatial grid data of the value of soil and water conservation ecological products, it simulates value realization scenarios, providing decision-makers with paths to realize the value of soil and water conservation ecological products and effect assessments under different scenarios, supporting scientific decision-making. Through continuous data updates, verification comparisons, and optimization operations, a dynamic iterative optimization cycle is formed, ensuring the continuous optimization and updating of the accounting results for the value of soil and water conservation ecological products, adapting to constantly changing ecological and economic conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0071] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the steps involved in the method for calculating the value of soil and water conservation ecological products according to this application.

[0072] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection of various modules in the soil and water conservation ecological product value accounting system of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0073] The subject matter described herein will now be discussed with reference to exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are discussed only to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the subject matter described herein, and changes may be made to the function and arrangement of the elements discussed without departing from the scope of this specification. Various processes or components may be omitted, substituted, or added as needed in the examples. Furthermore, features described in some examples may be combined in other examples.

[0074] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in one or more embodiments of the present invention should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in one or more embodiments of the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0075] Example 1

[0076] Please see Figure 1As shown in the embodiment of this application, a method for calculating the value of soil and water conservation ecological products is provided. The method includes the following steps:

[0077] S1. Obtain multi-source data on soil and water conservation in the target area, perform standardized cleaning and spatiotemporal alignment on the multi-source data, and obtain a standardized accounting dataset with a unified spatiotemporal benchmark.

[0078] S2. Identify the spatial characteristics of soil and water conservation functions based on the standardized accounting dataset, divide the spatial accounting units of soil and water conservation ecological products, and generate a spatial accounting unit distribution layer.

[0079] S3. Using the boundary information and attribute features in the spatial accounting unit distribution layer, and combining the water and soil conservation ecological product classification system, extract the physical quantity indicators of water and soil conservation ecological products of each accounting unit to obtain the classified water and soil conservation ecological product physical quantity dataset.

[0080] S4. Based on the classified physical quantity dataset of soil and water conservation ecological products, market price and substitution cost parameters from the regional economic parameter library are introduced for value conversion to obtain an initial value dataset of soil and water conservation ecological products containing direct and indirect value.

[0081] S5. Based on the multi-dimensional target area ecological verification rules, cross-validate the initial soil and water conservation ecological product value dataset to generate an accounting accuracy assessment result that includes single-dimensional accuracy scores and common deviation analysis.

[0082] S6. Based on the accounting accuracy assessment results, construct value correction rules, generate regional differentiation correction coefficients and integrate them into the initial soil and water conservation ecological product value dataset, complete the iterative calibration of the accounting system, and obtain the corrected comprehensive value accounting results.

[0083] S7. Combining the resource scarcity and socio-economic development level of the target area, the revised comprehensive value accounting results are spatiotemporally corrected to generate spatiotemporally corrected spatial grid data of the value of soil and water conservation ecological products. Real-time monitoring data is introduced to establish a dynamic value adjustment and tracking mechanism, and the optimized value accounting results of soil and water conservation ecological products are output.

[0084] It should be noted that by collecting multi-source data on soil and water conservation in the target area through various methods such as satellite remote sensing, ground monitoring stations, meteorological records, and soil sampling, these data often contain errors, duplications, and missing information. Moreover, the time nodes and spatial precision of different data are also different. Therefore, after data cleaning, invalid information is removed, missing data is filled in, and all data are unified to the same time base and geographic grid to avoid the calculation errors caused by "measuring things with different rulers". Finally, a standard and unified basic dataset for calculation is obtained.

[0085] Based on the standardized dataset, we analyze the spatial characteristics of soil and water conservation functions in the target area. For example, we identify which areas primarily focus on water storage and soil conservation, and which primarily focus on carbon sequestration and oxygen release. For instance, mountain forests mainly play a role in water conservation and carbon sequestration, sloping farmland mainly needs to focus on soil conservation, and riverbank wetlands mainly undertake the functions of water purification and flood regulation. Based on the similarity of ecological function spatial characteristics, we divide the entire target area into small units with relatively uniform internal ecological characteristics. Each unit serves as an independent accounting "basic cell," which results in a more accurate value distribution rather than a fuzzy average for the entire area. Finally, we generate a spatial distribution layer that labels the boundaries and attributes of each accounting unit.

[0086] Using the defined spatial accounting unit boundaries and the water and soil conservation ecological product classification system, we calculate the physical quantity of various water and soil conservation ecological products that each accounting unit can provide. The water and soil conservation ecological product classification system is like a supermarket's product classification table, dividing water and soil conservation ecological products into three major categories: regulation services, supply services, and cultural services. Each major category is further subdivided into specific types such as water conservation, soil conservation, carbon sequestration and oxygen release, agricultural product supply, and ecotourism. We calculate the physical quantity indicators of each unit one by one. For example, we calculate that a certain forest unit can conserve 120,000 cubic meters of water, maintain 600 tons of soil, and sequester 80 tons of carbon per year, while a certain farmland unit can produce 50 tons of grain and maintain 200 tons of soil per year. Finally, we obtain a clearly classified dataset of ecological product physical quantities.

[0087] Having established the "quantity" of various ecological products, we need to convert them into comparable "economic value." For direct ecological products with clear market transaction prices, such as grains, timber, and fruits, we can calculate their value by multiplying the local market price by the quantity. For indirect ecological services without direct market transactions, such as water conservation, soil retention, and carbon sequestration and oxygen release, we use scientific methods such as the substitution cost method and shadow engineering to convert their value. For example, the value of water conservation can be calculated by "how much money we would need to spend to build a reservoir of equal capacity to store this water if we didn't have this forest," and the value of soil retention can be calculated by "how much money we would need to spend to buy fertilizer to restore the same fertility if this soil were lost." The regional economic parameter database is a database that specifically collects data on local reservoir construction costs, fertilizer prices, labor costs, carbon trading prices, etc., to ensure that the calculated value conforms to the actual local economic level, ultimately obtaining an initial dataset of the value of soil and water conservation ecological products that includes both direct and indirect value.

[0088] To ensure the accuracy and reliability of the accounting results, the initial soil and water conservation ecological product value dataset will be cross-validated according to the pre-established multi-dimensional target area ecological verification rules. The verification methods include comparison with measured data from field monitoring stations, comparison with similar research results published by authoritative institutions, and comparison with accounting results from adjacent and similar areas. Through verification, an accounting accuracy assessment result containing single-dimensional accuracy scores and common deviation analysis will be generated, clearly indicating the sources of error and areas with large errors in the accounting process.

[0089] Based on the problems and deviation patterns found in the accuracy assessment results, targeted value correction rules are constructed, and regionally differentiated correction coefficients are generated by combining factors such as the importance of ecological functions and the ecological environment quality level of different regions. These correction coefficients are then integrated into the initial data set of soil and water conservation ecological product value, and the initial accounting results are iteratively calibrated to eliminate systematic biases and obtain more scientific and reasonable corrected comprehensive value accounting results.

[0090] The value of ecological products is not static; it changes with time and space. Spatially, the same 1 cubic meter of water conservation resources is more valuable in the water-scarce Northwest than in the water-rich Southeast, because the scarcer the resource, the greater its economic value. Temporally, with socio-economic development and improved living standards, the demand for a healthy ecological environment grows stronger, and the value of ecological products increases year by year. By combining the resource scarcity and socio-economic development level of the target region, a secondary adjustment of the revised comprehensive value result is made in the spatiotemporal dimensions. Simultaneously, we introduce real-time data from satellite remote sensing, hydrological monitoring, and meteorological monitoring to establish a dynamic adjustment and tracking mechanism for the value of ecological products. For example, when a forest fire or soil erosion disaster occurs in a region, causing a decrease in vegetation cover, its soil and water conservation ecological product value is updated immediately, rather than being recalculated several years later. Ultimately, this results in a real-time, accurate, and spatially visualized calculation of the value of soil and water conservation ecological products.

[0091] Based on the above embodiments, the multi-source data is standardized, cleaned, and spatiotemporally aligned to obtain a standardized accounting dataset with a unified spatiotemporal benchmark, including:

[0092] Collect basic geographic information and soil data, water and soil conservation engineering measures data, land use and cover data, vegetation ecological parameter data, hydrological and meteorological data, and socio-economic data to form a multi-source data set for water and soil conservation;

[0093] Missing values ​​were filled and outliers were removed from the multi-source soil and water conservation dataset to complete the standardized cleaning process and obtain the cleaned basic dataset.

[0094] Spatial analysis is performed on the cleaned basic dataset using the geographic information of the target area, and the dataset is uniformly converted to the same spatial coordinate system and time resolution to complete the spatiotemporal alignment process.

[0095] The spatiotemporally aligned base dataset is subjected to data integrity and consistency verification. Once the verification is successful, a standardized accounting dataset with a unified spatiotemporal benchmark is generated.

[0096] It should be noted that data processing is the "data foundation" of the entire accounting system, directly determining the accuracy and reliability of the final accounting results. The raw data often has various quality problems, such as missing data from some monitoring stations, sudden changes in monitoring data caused by individual abnormal weather, and numerical deviations caused by inconsistent statistical standards. By using scientific interpolation methods to fill in missing data, and by using statistical tests and logical judgments to remove obviously unreasonable outliers, and by using the geographic information of the target area to spatially register all data, all data are uniformly converted to the same spatial coordinate system and grid resolution. For example, for multi-source data, adaptive filling of missing values, outlier removal using the 3σ criterion, and spatiotemporal registration are performed, and all data are uniformly converted to the GCS_WGS_1984 coordinate system. At the same time, by using time interpolation or aggregation methods, all data are unified to the same 30m spatial resolution, completing spatiotemporal alignment processing, achieving standardized cleaning, alignment, and unification of data, and obtaining clean and usable data.

[0097] Based on the above embodiments, a spatial accounting unit distribution layer is generated, including:

[0098] Based on the functional attributes of soil and water conservation ecological products, a classification system for soil and water conservation ecological products is constructed, including material supply, regulation services, and cultural services.

[0099] Extract topographic features, vegetation cover and soil type characteristics from the standardized accounting dataset, and construct an evaluation index system for the sensitivity of soil and water conservation ecological functions.

[0100] Spatial cluster analysis was conducted on the target area using a sensitivity evaluation index system and a water and soil conservation ecological product classification system to determine the boundary between water and soil erosion-prone areas and ecologically fragile areas, and to generate water and soil conservation functional zoning data.

[0101] Based on the water and soil conservation functional zoning data and land use status data, spatial boundary identification rules are set, the target area is divided into grids, and independent ecological product accounting units are delineated as spatial accounting units for water and soil conservation ecological products.

[0102] Based on the attribution attributes and dominant ecological functions of the spatial accounting units of soil and water conservation ecological products, hierarchical merging and topological relationship verification are performed to output the spatial accounting unit distribution layer.

[0103] It should be noted that, based on the functional attributes of soil and water conservation ecological products, a complete classification system is constructed that includes regulation services, supply services, and cultural services. This classification system is like an "ecological product catalog," which clarifies which types of ecological products we need to account for. For example, regulation services include water conservation, soil retention, carbon sequestration and oxygen release, supply services include agricultural products and timber, and cultural services include ecotourism and landscape aesthetics, ensuring that no important ecological value is overlooked in subsequent accounting.

[0104] Next, we extracted key ecological baseline features such as topographic slope, altitude, vegetation cover, soil texture, and soil erosion modulus from the standardized accounting dataset to construct an evaluation index system for the sensitivity of soil and water conservation ecological functions. These indicators can quantitatively characterize the ecological vulnerability and soil and water conservation potential of different regions. For example, steep slopes with a slope greater than 25 degrees, bare land with a vegetation cover of less than 30%, and sandy soil distribution areas usually have higher sensitivity to soil erosion, and their soil and water conservation functions are more important.

[0105] Then, we used the two systems mentioned above to conduct spatial clustering analysis on the target area (using the K-means++ clustering algorithm), grouping areas with similar ecological characteristics and sensitivities into one category. Simultaneously, we accurately identified the boundaries between areas prone to soil erosion and ecologically fragile areas, generating water and soil conservation functional zoning data. This is analogous to dividing a country into different climate zones and nature reserves, dividing the entire target area into different functional blocks such as water conservation zones, soil conservation zones, and ecological restoration zones. Each block has a clearly defined dominant ecological function; for example, mountainous forest areas, due to their high vegetation cover and strong water conservation capacity, and Carbon sequestration functions are clustered into "water conservation areas"; sloping farmland and terraced fields, due to their high soil erosion factors and steep slopes, are sensitive to soil erosion and are clustered into "soil conservation areas"; areas where vegetation has degraded and ecological functions have been damaged due to natural disasters or human activities are clustered into "ecological restoration areas" due to their prominent sensitivity indicators, with a cluster number of 3. If areas such as riverbank wetlands, which have both water purification and flood control functions, are also included, the cluster number will increase to 5. The number of each functional area (i.e., the number of clusters) is not a preset fixed value, but is determined by the actual number of ecological function types existing in the target area.

[0106] Based on functional zoning, we combine the latest land use status data to set scientific spatial boundary identification rules, and perform fine grid-based segmentation of the target area to divide it into independent ecological product accounting units. These grids are the "basic cells" for our value accounting. The land use type, ecological function and sensitivity within each cell are relatively uniform, avoiding the result deviation caused by mixed accounting of different functional areas.

[0107] Finally, based on the attribution attributes and dominant ecological functions of each accounting unit, we reasonably merged the overly fragmented grids at different levels, while strictly verifying the topological relationships between units to ensure that there are no overlaps, gaps, or boundary errors. After this optimization and verification step, we finally output a spatial accounting unit distribution layer with clear boundaries, accurate attributes, and correct topological relationships, providing a unified spatial carrier for subsequent physical quantity extraction and value calculation.

[0108] Based on the above embodiments, a classified dataset of physical quantities of soil and water conservation ecological products is obtained, including:

[0109] Based on the spatial accounting unit distribution layer, the accounting basic data of each accounting unit is extracted to establish a unit-level physical quantity accounting basic dataset;

[0110] Calculate the baseline physical quantity of the target area under the scenario of no soil and water conservation measures and the current physical quantity under the existing soil and water conservation measures system. The difference between the two is the increase in the physical quantity of ecological products brought about by soil and water conservation measures.

[0111] The quantitative indicators are categorized and matched according to the ecological product classification system to generate a dataset of physical quantities of soil and water conservation ecological products that covers all units, types, and attributes.

[0112] It should be noted that, based on the already generated spatial accounting unit distribution layer, we spatially sliced ​​the previously standardized accounting dataset with a unified spatiotemporal benchmark, accurately extracting all the basic data corresponding to each independent accounting unit, including information on topography, vegetation cover, soil properties, hydrology and meteorology, and soil and water conservation engineering measures, and establishing a dedicated physical quantity accounting basic dataset for each accounting unit. This step ensures that all subsequent calculations can be accurately mapped to specific spatial locations, achieving the refined requirement of "accounting where there are ecological products".

[0113] Next, we will simulate and calculate the physical quantity of ecological products under two scenarios: one is the background physical quantity under the assumption that the area has no soil and water conservation measures (such as terraces, protective forests, silt-retention dams, etc.) in its natural state, and the other is the current physical quantity under the actual existence of a complete soil and water conservation system. Subtracting these two values, the difference is the increase in the physical quantity of ecological products brought about by soil and water conservation measures. This method can accurately separate the contribution of the natural background and quantify the ecological benefits generated by human soil and water conservation activities separately, avoiding the miscalculation of the value of the natural ecosystem itself into the value of soil and water conservation ecological products.

[0114] We systematically categorize and match the calculated quantitative physical quantity indicators (such as soil conservation, water conservation, carbon sequestration and oxygen release) according to the previously constructed classification system for soil and water conservation ecological products. For example, soil conservation, water conservation, and carbon sequestration and oxygen release are classified into the regulation service category; grain output and economic forest and fruit output are classified into the material supply category; and ecotourism visits and science education activities are classified into the cultural service category. Through this standardized classification, we finally generate a classified physical quantity dataset that covers all accounting units, all ecological product types, and complete and standardized attribute information, providing a clear, accurate, and directly usable quantitative basis for the next step of value transformation.

[0115] Based on the above embodiments, an initial dataset of soil and water conservation ecological product value, including direct and indirect value, is obtained, comprising:

[0116] Collect economic parameters such as market transaction prices, substitution costs, and willingness to pay within the target area, and construct an economic parameter database for the target area.

[0117] Based on the theory of ecological product value transformation, corresponding value accounting methods are determined for material supply, regulatory services and cultural services respectively;

[0118] Using the corresponding parameters in the target area economic parameter database, the value of the classified soil and water conservation ecological product physical quantity dataset is calculated by category, and the value data of each type of ecological product is obtained.

[0119] The value data of material supply categories are aggregated into direct value, and the value data of regulation services and cultural services categories are aggregated into indirect value. These are then integrated to generate an initial dataset of the value of soil and water conservation ecological products, which includes both direct and indirect values.

[0120] It should be noted that our system collects the latest economic parameters for the target area, including market transaction prices of material products such as agricultural and forestry products, replacement costs of projects such as reservoir construction, sewage treatment, and soil remediation, as well as residents' willingness to pay for ecotourism and environmental improvement. These screened and verified economic parameters are then categorized and organized to construct a database of economic parameters for the target area that conforms to local conditions. This step is crucial because the accuracy of the economic parameters directly determines the credibility of the valuation results. Using the latest local economic data can avoid value deviations caused by regional differences and changes over time.

[0121] Next, based on internationally accepted theories of ecological product value transformation, we determine the most scientific and applicable value accounting methods for different types of soil and water conservation ecological products. For material supply products, including agricultural and forestry products (agricultural products further include crop products, livestock products, and aquatic products; forestry products include timber (bamboo) forest products and non-timber forest products), the market value method is mainly used for accounting due to the existence of a mature market trading system. For example, for crop products, the yield of crop products is used as a functional quantitative indicator, and the market value method is used for accounting, including the following formula:

[0122] ;

[0123] in, This represents the total value of agricultural products within the target area. Indicates the first Prices for agricultural products should be published. Indicates the product category number of the planting industry. Indicates the first The premium coefficient for agricultural products is the ratio of the actual market price to the published price, with a default value of 1. Indicates the first The labor and input costs of similar agricultural products, The types of agricultural products within the target area are calculated. For example, agricultural products include grains and their by-products, oilseeds and their by-products, fruits, vegetables and their products, spices, edible fungi and their products, beverage crop products, sugar crops and their products, textile raw materials, tobacco, feed and green manure crops, etc. Indicates the first Total output of agricultural products of this type;

[0124] For regulatory service products, such as water conservation and soil retention, for example, soil retention refers to the function of a new ecosystem, after taking measures to prevent and control soil erosion, in reducing the degree of rainwater erosion on the soil through various layers such as the canopy, understory, litter layer, and root system. This increases soil erosion resistance, reduces topsoil loss, and maintains or even improves soil properties, including reducing soil erosion, reducing siltation, and maintaining soil fertility. Using the reduction of soil erosion as a quantitative indicator, the substitution cost method is used for accounting, including the following formula:

[0125] ,in, ;

[0126] in, This indicates the value of reducing soil erosion in the target area. Indicates the amount of soil erosion. This indicates the area of ​​reduced soil erosion. Indicates soil bulk density. The price of soil that reduces erosion. Indicates the erosivity factor of precipitation. Indicates soil erodibility factor, Represents the slope length factor. Indicates the slope factor. Indicates biological action factors, Indicates engineering measure factors, This represents the tillage measure factor, with a value of 0.5 for cross slope tillage and a value of 1 for downslope tillage;

[0127] For cultural service products, including tourism and wellness, leisure and recreation, and livable environment, leisure and recreation are used as a quantitative indicator. The substitution cost method is used to calculate the value of leisure and recreation in the target watershed after treatment, including the following formula:

[0128] ;

[0129] in, This indicates the calculated value of leisure and recreation. This represents the total person-hours for leisure and recreation, specifically the sum of the total person-hours for leisure and recreation in any calculation unit area of ​​the target region. This indicates the average wage per unit of time in the local area;

[0130] Then, we call the corresponding economic parameters in the target area's economic parameter database to perform value quantification calculations on the classified data set of physical quantities of soil and water conservation ecological products, class by class and unit by unit. For example, we multiply the local average grain purchase price of the year by the grain output of a certain accounting unit to obtain the value of grain supply in that unit; we multiply the construction cost per unit capacity of a local reservoir by the water conservation capacity of a certain accounting unit to obtain the value of water conservation in that unit; we multiply the per capita consumption of local ecotourism by the annual number of tourists in a certain accounting unit to obtain the value of ecotourism in that unit. Through this refined calculation, we obtain the itemized value data of various ecological products in each accounting unit.

[0131] Finally, we categorized and summarized the calculated sub-value data, summarizing the sub-value data of material supply as direct value and the sub-value data of regulation services and cultural services as indirect value. We then integrated the direct and indirect values ​​to generate an initial dataset of soil and water conservation ecological product value containing value information for each accounting unit and each type of ecological product, providing basic data for subsequent accuracy verification and value correction.

[0132] Based on the above embodiments, the initial soil and water conservation ecological product value dataset is cross-validated according to the multi-dimensional target area ecological verification rules to generate an accounting accuracy assessment result that includes single-dimensional accuracy scoring and common deviation analysis, including:

[0133] Based on the actual situation of the target area's ecological environment characteristics and soil and water conservation measures system, a multi-dimensional ecological verification rule for the target area is constructed, which includes field verification, comparative verification, and expert verification.

[0134] Based on the multi-dimensional target area ecological verification rules, and combined with the spatial units and time dimensions in the initial soil and water conservation ecological product value dataset, a multi-dimensional verification task set covering different regions and time periods is generated.

[0135] The multi-dimensional verification task set was applied sequentially to the initial soil and water conservation ecological product value dataset to carry out field sampling verification, comparative verification with similar regions, and industry expert review verification.

[0136] Based on the verification results, the deviation rate between the calculated value and the actual value is calculated. Combining the spatial and temporal characteristics of the verification task, the accuracy assessment result including single-dimensional accuracy score and common deviation analysis is generated.

[0137] It should be noted that, based on the unique ecological and environmental characteristics of the target area and the local soil and water conservation measures, we have constructed a comprehensive verification rule system that includes three dimensions: field verification, comparative verification, and expert verification. These three dimensions each have their own focus and complement each other: field verification can obtain the most authentic first-hand field data, comparative verification can identify outliers and unreasonable differences between regions, and expert verification can evaluate the rationality of the calculation methods and parameter selection from a professional perspective. By constructing multi-dimensional verification rules, we ensured the comprehensiveness and systematicness of the verification process, avoiding the limitations of a single verification method. For example, the expert verification group should consist of 7-9 cross-disciplinary experts, including 2 senior engineers in the field of soil and water conservation (to review the scientific validity of the calculation of physical quantities such as soil retention and sediment deposition), 2 professors / researchers in ecological economics (to review the applicability of value conversion methods such as the substitution cost method and the shadow project method), 1 senior engineer in geographic information systems (to review the rationality of spatial accounting unit division and topological relationship verification), 1 associate researcher in regional economics / policy (to review the localization rationality of the regional economic parameter database), 1 associate professor in statistics / data science (to review the statistical rigor of deviation rate calculation and common deviation analysis), and 1 representative from the water resources bureau or ecological environment bureau with intermediate or higher professional titles (to review the operability of the results from the perspective of policy practicality). A 100-point scoring system is adopted (≥80 points is passing).

[0138] Next, based on the constructed multi-dimensional verification rules and combined with the spatial unit division and time series characteristics of the initial value dataset, we generate a multi-dimensional verification task set covering different regions and time periods. Spatially, we use a stratified random sampling method to extract representative verification units from the core ecological function area, ecologically fragile area, soil erosion prone area, and different administrative regions. For example, the sampling ratio is no less than 5% of the total accounting units. Temporally, we select typical periods of different hydrological years and seasons for verification. For example, for comparative verification, we select more than three published authoritative results with similar natural conditions as references. The verification task set generated in this way can comprehensively reflect the ecological product value characteristics of the entire target area under different spatiotemporal conditions, ensuring that the verification results are representative.

[0139] Then, we applied the generated multi-dimensional verification task set to the initial soil and water conservation ecological product value dataset in sequence, and carried out three types of verification work: field sampling verification, which obtained the actual ecological product quantity and value data of the verification unit through field surveys, sampling and monitoring, and compared them with the accounting value; comparative verification of similar regions, which compared the accounting results of the target region with adjacent regions with similar natural conditions and socio-economic levels or with published authoritative research results; and industry expert review verification, which invited senior experts in soil and water conservation, ecological economics, geographic information and other fields to conduct independent reviews of the accounting method, parameter selection and the rationality of the results.

[0140] Finally, based on the results of the three types of verification, we quantitatively calculated the deviation rate between the calculated and actual values ​​for each verification unit, and conducted in-depth analysis in conjunction with the spatial distribution and temporal characteristics of the verification tasks. Through statistical analysis, we generated an accounting accuracy assessment result that includes single-dimensional accuracy scores and common deviation analysis: the single-dimensional accuracy scores provide the accuracy scores for each of the three dimensions of field verification, comparative verification, and expert verification, clarifying the accounting accuracy under different verification dimensions; the common deviation analysis systematically summarizes the common sources of error in the entire accounting process, such as unreasonable parameter values ​​in certain areas, defects in the accounting methods for specific types of ecological products, and the impact of extreme climate events on the accounting results. This assessment result not only comprehensively reflects the overall accuracy of the initial accounting results, but also provides precise targeted guidance for the next step of value correction.

[0141] Based on the above embodiments, value correction rules are constructed based on the accounting accuracy assessment results, regional differentiation correction coefficients are generated and integrated into the initial soil and water conservation ecological product value dataset, completing the iterative calibration of the accounting system, and obtaining the corrected comprehensive value accounting results, including:

[0142] Based on the common deviation analysis in the accounting accuracy assessment results, the influence factors of target area differences and the deviation characteristics of accounting methods are extracted, and a value correction rule is constructed that includes correction trigger conditions, parameter adjustment rules and accounting method optimization specifications.

[0143] Combining the single-dimensional accuracy score and value correction rules in the accuracy assessment results, corresponding target area differentiation correction coefficients are generated for target areas and soil and water conservation ecological product types with deviation rates exceeding preset thresholds.

[0144] According to the value correction rule, the target area differentiation correction coefficient is applied to the initial soil and water conservation ecological product value dataset to adjust the value accounting values ​​of various soil and water conservation ecological products and obtain the corrected comprehensive value accounting results.

[0145] Repeat the verification and correction process until the deviation rate of all verification dimensions is lower than the preset threshold and no systematic deviation occurs, thus completing the iterative calibration of the accounting system.

[0146] It should be noted that, based on the analysis of common deviations in the accuracy assessment results, we delved into the root causes of accounting deviations, systematically extracted the influencing factors of differences in the target region and the characteristics of accounting method deviations, and on this basis, constructed a complete value correction rule system including correction trigger conditions, parameter adjustment rules, and accounting method optimization specifications. The correction trigger conditions clarify which regions and types of ecological products require correction; the parameter adjustment rules specify the parameter adjustment range and methods corresponding to different degrees of deviation; and the accounting method optimization specifications propose specific improvement measures for the defects in the method itself. This rule system provides standardized and operable guidance for subsequent correction work.

[0147] Next, combining the single-dimensional accuracy score from the accuracy assessment results with the constructed value correction rules, we generate corresponding regionally differentiated correction coefficients for target areas and soil and water conservation ecological product types with deviation rates exceeding a preset threshold (deviation rate ≤ 6%). These correction coefficients are not simply applied uniformly, but fully consider the differences in ecological environment, effectiveness of soil and water conservation measures, and value formation mechanisms of different types of ecological products across regions. For example, for mountainous areas with severe soil erosion, where the calculation deviation of soil conservation value is large, we generate targeted correction coefficients; similarly, for areas rich in ecotourism resources, where the calculation deviation of cultural service value is large, we also generate corresponding correction coefficients. This differentiated correction method can accurately address specific deviation issues in different regions and for different product types.

[0148] Then, strictly following the value correction rules, we scientifically applied the generated target area differentiation correction coefficients to the initial soil and water conservation ecological product value dataset, adjusting the value calculation values ​​of various soil and water conservation ecological products unit by unit and type. During the application process, we maintained a complete record of the original calculation data and the correction process to ensure that the entire correction process was traceable and verifiable. Through this step, we were able to effectively eliminate systematic biases in the initial calculation and obtain a corrected comprehensive value calculation result that better reflects the actual situation.

[0149] Finally, we input the revised value accounting results back into the multi-dimensional cross-validation process to check if any of the previously observed bias types still exist. If recurring biases still exist, we will further analyze the causes of the biases, optimize the value correction rules and correction coefficients, and make corrections again. This process will be repeated until the bias rates of all validation dimensions are lower than the preset threshold (e.g., the threshold is set to 6%), and no systematic biases appear. Through this continuous iterative calibration, we can not only obtain the final accurate and reliable comprehensive value accounting results, but also continuously improve the entire accounting system so that it can better adapt to the value accounting needs of soil and water conservation ecological products under different regions and conditions.

[0150] Based on the above embodiments, the revised comprehensive value accounting results are spatiotemporally corrected to generate spatiotemporally corrected spatial grid data of the value of soil and water conservation ecological products, including:

[0151] Collect data on regional GDP, population density, and per capita income of the target region to construct a standard for a socio-economic development correction index.

[0152] Obtain the water resource scarcity, vegetation scarcity, and ecological red line constraint level of the target area, and construct a resource and ecological scarcity correction index standard;

[0153] Using the socio-economic development correction index standard and the resource and ecological scarcity correction index standard, the corrected comprehensive value accounting results are individually corrected at the spatial grid scale to generate the comprehensive correction coefficient for each grid.

[0154] Collect socio-economic parameters and ecological resource data of the target area in different years, construct time series correction coefficients, and perform year-on-year correction on the comprehensive value accounting results of different time periods; combine the comprehensive correction coefficients at the spatial grid scale to generate spatial grid data of the value of soil and water conservation ecological products after spatiotemporal correction.

[0155] It should be noted that our system collects core socio-economic development data such as regional GDP, population density, and per capita disposable income of the target region to construct a socio-economic development correction index standard. This is because the value of ecological products is essentially a subjective evaluation of their utility by humans. Regions with higher levels of socio-economic development have a stronger demand for a good ecological environment and a higher willingness to pay. For example, the ecological value of 1 cubic meter of water conservation capacity is far greater in areas surrounding cities with higher per capita income than in economically underdeveloped remote mountainous areas. By constructing the socio-economic development correction index, we can quantify the impact of different regional economic development levels on the value of ecological products. For example, the socio-economic development correction index = regional GDP * a + population density * b + per capita income level data * c, with a value range of 0.5-2.0, where a, b, and c represent weights.

[0156] This study acquires key ecological resource data, such as water scarcity, vegetation cover scarcity, and ecological red line constraint level, for the target area to construct a resource-ecological scarcity correction index standard. Based on the economic principle of scarcity, the scarcer a resource, the higher its value. For example, in the extremely water-scarce arid northwest region, the water conservation value brought by soil and water conservation is far higher than that of the water-rich southeast coastal region; in the core protected areas delineated by ecological red lines, the ecological and conservation value of ecological products is also significantly higher than in general areas. The resource-ecological scarcity correction index can accurately reflect the impact of the supply and demand imbalance of ecological resources in different regions on the value of ecological products. For example, the resource-ecological scarcity correction index standard = target area water scarcity * a + vegetation scarcity * b + ecological red line constraint level * c.

[0157] The socio-economic development correction index and the resource and ecological scarcity correction index are weighted and integrated. For example, the comprehensive correction coefficient = 0.6 × socio-economic development correction index + 0.4 × resource and ecological scarcity correction index. The corrected comprehensive value accounting results are then individually corrected at the spatial grid scale to generate a comprehensive correction coefficient for each grid unit. This improves the spatial resolution of value accounting from hundreds of meters or even kilometers to 30 meters or even higher, achieving a refined spatial expression of the value of ecological products. Each grid unit has an independent comprehensive correction coefficient, which can accurately reflect the comprehensive impact of the socio-economic conditions and ecological resource status at that location on the value of ecological products.

[0158] We collect socio-economic parameters and ecological resource data of the target area in different years, construct time series correction coefficients, and make year-on-year corrections to the comprehensive value accounting results of different periods. This is because the value of soil and water conservation ecological products is not static at a certain moment, but a dynamic quantity that continues to evolve with factors such as regional economic development level, population structure changes, changes in ecological resource endowment, and policy adjustments. Therefore, it can eliminate systematic biases caused by differences in data caliber and changes in the external environment.

[0159] Based on the above embodiments, after generating spatiotemporally corrected spatial grid data of the value of soil and water conservation ecological products, the method further includes:

[0160] Based on the spatiotemporally corrected spatial grid data of the value of soil and water conservation ecological products, a value realization scenario simulation is conducted to obtain an assessment report on the value realization scenario of soil and water conservation ecological products, including:

[0161] Based on the spatial grid data of the value of soil and water conservation ecological products after spatiotemporal correction, four typical value realization pathways are set: government purchase, ecological compensation, carbon trading and ecological industry development, and a multi-channel value realization simulation framework is constructed.

[0162] By inputting different policy subsidy intensities, enterprise participation, and market transaction activity parameters into the simulation framework, and setting multiple sets of scenario control variables, different scenarios for realizing the value of soil and water conservation ecological products are generated.

[0163] A multi-channel value realization simulation framework was used to quantitatively extrapolate the value conversion rate, capital recovery cycle, and ecological benefit spillover effect under each water and soil conservation ecological product value realization scenario, and the simulation operation results of each realization scenario were obtained.

[0164] By comparing and analyzing the results of various simulations and conducting sensitivity evaluations, the best path for the transformation of the value of soil and water conservation ecological products is selected, and an assessment report on the realization scenario of the value of soil and water conservation ecological products is generated.

[0165] It should be noted that, based on the already generated high-resolution spatiotemporally corrected value spatial grid data, this system systematically reviews the current mainstream ecological product value realization models both domestically and internationally, and sets four value realization pathways: government procurement, ecological compensation, carbon trading, and ecological industry development. On this basis, a multi-channel value realization simulation framework is constructed. These four pathways cover the entire spectrum of value realization methods, from government-led to market-led, and from public welfare attributes to economic attributes: government procurement mainly targets ecological regulation services with strong public characteristics; ecological compensation is mainly used in areas where the conflict between ecological protection and economic development is prominent; carbon trading is based on market mechanisms in international and domestic carbon markets; and ecological industry development is an industrial model that directly transforms ecological resources into economic benefits. By constructing a multi-channel simulation framework, we can comprehensively evaluate the applicability and effectiveness of different realization pathways.

[0166] For example, the mathematical model of a multi-channel value realization simulation framework includes:

[0167] ;

[0168] in, Let the first... The spatial grid in the ... A multi-channel value realization simulation framework for various scenarios. =1, 2, 3, 4 represent the four approaches: government procurement, ecological compensation, carbon trading, and ecological industry development, respectively. express The weight coefficients corresponding to the class path, , , All indicate the first The spatial grid in the ... Parameters for this scenario could include, for example, the intensity of policy subsidies, corporate participation, and market transaction activity. Indicates the first Value realization function of class approach Indicates the first The spatial grid in the ... The value of ecological products in various scenarios;

[0169] The simulation framework inputs three core control parameters: policy subsidy intensity, enterprise participation, and market transaction activity. By adjusting the different values ​​of these parameters, multiple differentiated scenarios for realizing the value of soil and water conservation ecological products can be set. For example, we can set a government-led scenario of "high policy subsidies + low market activity," a market-led scenario of "low policy subsidies + high market activity," and a mixed development scenario of "policy guidance + market operation." By setting multiple scenarios, we can simulate the entire process of realizing the value of ecological products under different development models and comprehensively examine the impact of various factors on the value transformation effect.

[0170] By operating a multi-channel value realization simulation framework, we can quantitatively extrapolate and calculate key indicators for each scenario. These indicators include the value conversion rate, which is the proportion of ecological product value that can be actually converted into economic benefits to the total value; the capital recovery period, which is the time required from investing in ecological protection funds to obtaining economic returns; and the ecological benefit spillover effect, which is the positive or negative impact on the ecological environment and economic development of the surrounding area during the value realization process. Through quantitative extrapolation, we can obtain detailed simulation results for each scenario, clearly demonstrating the economic, social, and ecological benefits of different realization pathways.

[0171] A comprehensive comparative analysis and sensitivity evaluation of the simulation results for all scenarios were conducted. The comparative analysis comprehensively scored different scenarios from multiple dimensions such as economic benefits, feasibility, and sustainability. The sensitivity evaluation analyzed the degree of impact of changes in various parameters on the simulation results, identified key factors affecting the realization of value, and on this basis, we selected the best water and soil conservation ecological product value transformation path most suitable for the actual situation of the target area. We then generated a water and soil conservation ecological product value realization scenario assessment report, which includes scenario comparison, key influencing factor analysis, and implementation suggestions, providing a comprehensive, scientific, and operable reference for relevant decision-making.

[0172] Based on the above embodiments, a dynamic value adjustment and tracking mechanism is established by introducing real-time monitoring data, and the optimized value accounting results of soil and water conservation ecological products are output, including:

[0173] Continuously collect dynamic data on soil and water conservation projects, vegetation growth, hydrological and water quality, and socio-economic changes in the target area, and construct a real-time update mechanism that includes data update frequency, update threshold setting, and data validity verification.

[0174] Dynamic monitoring data is accessed according to the preset data update frequency. Invalid data is removed by the data validity verification rules in the real-time update mechanism. The verified dynamic monitoring data is then compared with the update threshold.

[0175] If the dynamic monitoring data meets the preset update conditions, the value correction rule is invoked to update the parameters and adjust the values ​​of the calculation results in the water and soil conservation ecological product value realization scenario assessment report, thus completing a single iteration optimization of the calculation results;

[0176] It continuously performs corresponding operations such as data access, verification and comparison, and update and optimization, monitors the matching status of dynamic monitoring data and update conditions in real time, forms a dynamic iterative optimization cycle, and outputs the final optimized value accounting result of soil and water conservation ecological products.

[0177] It should be noted that a standardized real-time update mechanism is being established to continuously collect four core categories of dynamic data: first, dynamic data on soil and water conservation projects, such as the construction progress and operational status of newly built terraces, silt-retaining dams, and protective forests; second, dynamic data on vegetation growth, such as seasonal changes in vegetation cover, post-disaster recovery, and the impact of pests and diseases; third, real-time hydrological and water quality data, such as real-time monitoring values ​​of rainfall, runoff, soil erosion, and water quality indicators; and fourth, socio-economic change data, such as fluctuations in carbon trading prices, agricultural product market prices, and regional per capita income levels. The mechanism also clearly defines the update frequency for different types of data (e.g., daily updates for hydrological data, monthly updates for vegetation data, and quarterly updates for socio-economic data), the threshold standards for triggering updates, and data validity verification rules to ensure that the update process is both timely and efficient, avoiding interference from invalid data.

[0178] Next, we automatically access various dynamic monitoring data according to the preset update frequency. First, we remove abnormal data caused by collection by using data validity verification rules. Then, we compare the verified valid data with the preset update threshold. The update threshold is set to balance timeliness and calculation efficiency: not all small fluctuations need to be recalculated. Only when the change reaches the preset significance level will the update be triggered. For example, when the vegetation coverage of a certain area decreases by more than 10%, the carbon trading price increases by more than 20%, or a new soil and water conservation project is put into use, the value adjustment process will be initiated.

[0179] When dynamic monitoring data meets the preset update conditions, the previously built standardized value correction rules will be automatically invoked. There is no need to rerun the entire accounting process. Only the changed parameters and corresponding accounting modules will be updated and the values ​​adjusted. For example, when the carbon trading price rises, only the calculation parameters of the carbon sink value need to be updated and the carbon sink value of all accounting units needs to be adjusted. When a silt-retention dam is built in a certain area, only the soil retention parameters of the area need to be updated and the corresponding soil retention value needs to be adjusted. This targeted update method greatly improves the calculation efficiency and can complete the iterative optimization of the accounting results in minutes or hours.

[0180] Finally, a closed-loop operation will be continuously executed to form a never-ending dynamic iterative optimization cycle. Whenever there are significant changes in the ecosystem or socio-economic environment, the accounting results will be automatically updated synchronously. The final output is no longer a static annual value, but a set of dynamic spatial grid data that can reflect the changes in the value of soil and water conservation ecological products in real time. This data can directly support the monthly allocation of ecological compensation funds, the real-time settlement of carbon sink transactions, the quarterly assessment of ecological protection effectiveness, and the dynamic evaluation of ecological industry projects, thus realizing the accounting of ecological product value.

[0181] Example 2

[0182] Please see Figure 2 As shown, in another embodiment of the present invention, a water and soil conservation ecological product value accounting system is also disclosed, which includes the following modules:

[0183] Data acquisition and processing module: Acquires multi-source water and soil conservation data of the target area, performs standardized cleaning and spatiotemporal alignment processing on the multi-source data, and obtains a standardized accounting dataset with a unified spatiotemporal benchmark;

[0184] Accounting Unit Division Module: Based on the standardized accounting dataset, identify the spatial characteristics of soil and water conservation functions, divide the spatial accounting units of soil and water conservation ecological products, and generate a spatial accounting unit distribution layer;

[0185] Physical quantity extraction module: Utilizing the boundary information and attribute features in the spatial accounting unit distribution layer, and combining the water and soil conservation ecological product classification system, the physical quantity indicators of water and soil conservation ecological products in each accounting unit are extracted to obtain the classified water and soil conservation ecological product physical quantity dataset;

[0186] Value conversion module: Based on the classified physical quantity dataset of soil and water conservation ecological products, market price and substitution cost parameters from the regional economic parameter library are introduced to perform value conversion, resulting in an initial value dataset of soil and water conservation ecological products containing direct and indirect value.

[0187] Cross-validation evaluation module: Based on the multi-dimensional target area ecological validation rules, the initial soil and water conservation ecological product value dataset is cross-validated to generate an accounting accuracy evaluation result that includes single-dimensional accuracy scores and common deviation analysis;

[0188] Iterative calibration and correction module: Based on the accounting accuracy assessment results, value correction rules are constructed, regional differentiation correction coefficients are generated and integrated into the initial soil and water conservation ecological product value dataset, and iterative calibration of the accounting system is completed to obtain the corrected comprehensive value accounting results;

[0189] The calculation result output module combines the resource scarcity and socio-economic development level of the target area to perform spatiotemporal correction on the revised comprehensive value calculation result, generates spatiotemporally corrected spatial grid data of the value of soil and water conservation ecological products, introduces real-time monitoring data to establish a dynamic value adjustment and tracking mechanism, and outputs the optimized value calculation result of soil and water conservation ecological products.

[0190] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

[0191] In conclusion, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for calculating the value of soil and water conservation ecological products, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Acquire multi-source water and soil conservation data for the target area, perform standardized cleaning and spatiotemporal alignment on the multi-source data, and obtain a standardized accounting dataset with a unified spatiotemporal benchmark. Based on the standardized accounting dataset, the spatial characteristics of soil and water conservation functions are identified, and spatial accounting units for soil and water conservation ecological products are divided to generate a spatial accounting unit distribution layer. By utilizing the boundary information and attribute features in the spatial accounting unit distribution layer, and combining the water and soil conservation ecological product classification system, the physical quantity indicators of water and soil conservation ecological products of each accounting unit are extracted to obtain the classified water and soil conservation ecological product physical quantity dataset. Based on the classified physical quantity dataset of soil and water conservation ecological products, market price and substitution cost parameters from the regional economic parameter database are introduced for value conversion to obtain an initial value dataset of soil and water conservation ecological products containing direct and indirect value. Based on the multi-dimensional target area ecological verification rules, the initial soil and water conservation ecological product value dataset was cross-validated to generate an accounting accuracy assessment result that includes single-dimensional accuracy scores and common deviation analysis. Based on the results of the accounting accuracy assessment, value correction rules are constructed, regional differentiation correction coefficients are generated and integrated into the initial data set of soil and water conservation ecological product value, the iterative calibration of the accounting system is completed, and the corrected comprehensive value accounting results are obtained. By combining the resource scarcity and socio-economic development level of the target area, the revised comprehensive value accounting results are spatiotemporally corrected to generate spatiotemporally corrected spatial grid data of the value of soil and water conservation ecological products. Real-time monitoring data is introduced to establish a dynamic value adjustment and tracking mechanism, and the optimized value accounting results of soil and water conservation ecological products are output.

2. The method for calculating the value of soil and water conservation ecological products according to claim 1, characterized in that, Standardization, cleaning, and spatiotemporal alignment of multi-source data are performed to obtain a standardized accounting dataset with a unified spatiotemporal benchmark, including: Collect basic geographic information and soil data, water and soil conservation engineering measures data, land use and cover data, vegetation ecological parameter data, hydrological and meteorological data, and socio-economic data to form a multi-source data set for water and soil conservation; Missing values ​​were filled and outliers were removed from the multi-source soil and water conservation dataset to complete the standardized cleaning process and obtain the cleaned basic dataset. Spatial analysis is performed on the cleaned basic dataset using the geographic information of the target area, and the dataset is uniformly converted to the same spatial coordinate system and time resolution to complete the spatiotemporal alignment process. The spatiotemporally aligned base dataset is subjected to data integrity and consistency verification. Once the verification is successful, a standardized accounting dataset with a unified spatiotemporal benchmark is generated.

3. The method for calculating the value of soil and water conservation ecological products according to claim 1, characterized in that, Generate a spatial accounting unit distribution layer, including: Based on the functional attributes of soil and water conservation ecological products, a classification system for soil and water conservation ecological products is constructed, including material supply, regulation services, and cultural services. Extract topographic features, vegetation cover and soil type characteristics from the standardized accounting dataset, and construct an evaluation index system for the sensitivity of soil and water conservation ecological functions. Spatial cluster analysis was conducted on the target area using a sensitivity evaluation index system and a water and soil conservation ecological product classification system to determine the boundary between water and soil erosion-prone areas and ecologically fragile areas, and to generate water and soil conservation functional zoning data. Based on the water and soil conservation functional zoning data and land use status data, spatial boundary identification rules are set, the target area is divided into grids, and independent ecological product accounting units are delineated as spatial accounting units for water and soil conservation ecological products. Based on the attribution attributes and dominant ecological functions of the spatial accounting units of soil and water conservation ecological products, hierarchical merging and topological relationship verification are performed to output the spatial accounting unit distribution layer.

4. The method for calculating the value of soil and water conservation ecological products according to claim 1, characterized in that, The resulting dataset of physical quantities of soil and water conservation ecological products after classification includes: Based on the spatial accounting unit distribution layer, the accounting basic data of each accounting unit is extracted to establish a unit-level physical quantity accounting basic dataset; Calculate the baseline physical quantity of the target area under the scenario of no soil and water conservation measures and the current physical quantity under the existing soil and water conservation measures system. The difference between the two is the increase in the physical quantity of ecological products brought about by soil and water conservation measures. The quantitative indicators are categorized and matched according to the ecological product classification system to generate a dataset of physical quantities of soil and water conservation ecological products that covers all units, types, and attributes.

5. The method for calculating the value of soil and water conservation ecological products according to claim 1, characterized in that, An initial dataset of the value of soil and water conservation ecological products, including both direct and indirect value, was obtained, including: Collect economic parameters such as market transaction prices, substitution costs, and willingness to pay within the target area, and construct an economic parameter database for the target area. Based on the theory of ecological product value transformation, corresponding value accounting methods are determined for material supply, regulatory services and cultural services respectively; Using the corresponding parameters in the target area economic parameter database, the value of the classified soil and water conservation ecological product physical quantity dataset is calculated by category, and the value data of each type of ecological product is obtained. The value data of material supply categories are aggregated into direct value, and the value data of regulation services and cultural services categories are aggregated into indirect value. These are then integrated to generate an initial dataset of the value of soil and water conservation ecological products, which includes both direct and indirect values.

6. The method for calculating the value of soil and water conservation ecological products according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the multi-dimensional target area ecological verification rules, the initial soil and water conservation ecological product value dataset was cross-validated to generate an accounting accuracy assessment result that includes single-dimensional accuracy scores and common deviation analysis, including: Based on the actual situation of the target area's ecological environment characteristics and soil and water conservation measures system, a multi-dimensional ecological verification rule for the target area is constructed, which includes field verification, comparative verification, and expert verification. Based on the multi-dimensional target area ecological verification rules, and combined with the spatial units and time dimensions in the initial soil and water conservation ecological product value dataset, a multi-dimensional verification task set covering different regions and time periods is generated. The multi-dimensional verification task set was applied sequentially to the initial soil and water conservation ecological product value dataset to carry out field sampling verification, comparative verification with similar regions, and industry expert review verification. Based on the verification results, the deviation rate between the calculated value and the actual value is calculated. Combining the spatial and temporal characteristics of the verification task, the accuracy assessment result including single-dimensional accuracy score and common deviation analysis is generated.

7. The method for calculating the value of soil and water conservation ecological products according to claim 6, characterized in that, Based on the accuracy assessment results of the accounting system, value correction rules are constructed, regional differentiation correction coefficients are generated and integrated into the initial soil and water conservation ecological product value dataset, and iterative calibration of the accounting system is completed to obtain the corrected comprehensive value accounting results, including: Based on the common deviation analysis in the accounting accuracy assessment results, the influence factors of target area differences and the deviation characteristics of accounting methods are extracted, and a value correction rule is constructed that includes correction trigger conditions, parameter adjustment rules and accounting method optimization specifications. Combining the single-dimensional accuracy score and value correction rules in the accuracy assessment results, corresponding target area differentiation correction coefficients are generated for target areas and soil and water conservation ecological product types with deviation rates exceeding preset thresholds. According to the value correction rule, the target area differentiation correction coefficient is applied to the initial soil and water conservation ecological product value dataset to adjust the value accounting values ​​of various soil and water conservation ecological products and obtain the corrected comprehensive value accounting results. Repeat the verification and correction process until the deviation rate of all verification dimensions is lower than the preset threshold and no systematic deviation occurs, thus completing the iterative calibration of the accounting system.

8. The method for calculating the value of soil and water conservation ecological products according to claim 1, characterized in that, The revised comprehensive value accounting results are then subjected to spatiotemporal correction to generate spatiotemporally corrected spatial grid data of the value of soil and water conservation ecological products, including: Collect data on regional GDP, population density, and per capita income of the target region to construct a standard for a socio-economic development correction index. Obtain the water resource scarcity, vegetation scarcity, and ecological red line constraint level of the target area, and construct a resource and ecological scarcity correction index standard; Using the socio-economic development correction index standard and the resource and ecological scarcity correction index standard, the corrected comprehensive value accounting results are individually corrected at the spatial grid scale to generate the comprehensive correction coefficient for each grid. Collect socio-economic parameters and ecological resource data of the target area in different years, construct time series correction coefficients, and perform year-on-year correction on the comprehensive value accounting results of different time periods; combine the comprehensive correction coefficients at the spatial grid scale to generate spatial grid data of the value of soil and water conservation ecological products after spatiotemporal correction.

9. The method for calculating the value of soil and water conservation ecological products according to claim 8, characterized in that, After generating spatiotemporally corrected spatial grid data of the value of soil and water conservation ecological products, the method further includes: Based on the spatiotemporally corrected spatial grid data of the value of soil and water conservation ecological products, a value realization scenario simulation is conducted to obtain an assessment report on the value realization scenario of soil and water conservation ecological products, including: Based on the spatial grid data of the value of soil and water conservation ecological products after spatiotemporal correction, four typical value realization pathways are set: government purchase, ecological compensation, carbon trading and ecological industry development, and a multi-channel value realization simulation framework is constructed. By inputting different policy subsidy intensities, enterprise participation, and market transaction activity parameters into the simulation framework, and setting multiple sets of scenario control variables, different scenarios for realizing the value of soil and water conservation ecological products are generated. A multi-channel value realization simulation framework was used to quantitatively extrapolate the value conversion rate, capital recovery cycle, and ecological benefit spillover effect under each water and soil conservation ecological product value realization scenario, and the simulation operation results of each realization scenario were obtained. By comparing and analyzing the results of various simulations and conducting sensitivity evaluations, the best path for the transformation of the value of soil and water conservation ecological products is selected, and an assessment report on the realization scenario of the value of soil and water conservation ecological products is generated.

10. The method for calculating the value of soil and water conservation ecological products according to claim 1, characterized in that, By introducing real-time monitoring data, a dynamic adjustment and tracking mechanism for value is established, and optimized results for the accounting of soil and water conservation ecological products are output, including: Continuously collect dynamic data on soil and water conservation projects, vegetation growth, hydrological and water quality, and socio-economic changes in the target area, and construct a real-time update mechanism that includes data update frequency, update threshold setting, and data validity verification. Dynamic monitoring data is accessed according to the preset data update frequency. Invalid data is removed by the data validity verification rules in the real-time update mechanism. The verified dynamic monitoring data is then compared with the update threshold. If the dynamic monitoring data meets the preset update conditions, the value correction rule is invoked to update the parameters and adjust the values ​​of the calculation results in the water and soil conservation ecological product value realization scenario assessment report, thus completing a single iteration optimization of the calculation results; It continuously performs corresponding operations such as data access, verification and comparison, and update and optimization, monitors the matching status of dynamic monitoring data and update conditions in real time, forms a dynamic iterative optimization cycle, and outputs the final optimized value accounting result of soil and water conservation ecological products.

11. A water and soil conservation ecological product value accounting system, employing the water and soil conservation ecological product value accounting method as described in any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, The system includes the following modules: Data acquisition and processing module: Acquires multi-source water and soil conservation data of the target area, performs standardized cleaning and spatiotemporal alignment processing on the multi-source data, and obtains a standardized accounting dataset with a unified spatiotemporal benchmark; Accounting Unit Division Module: Based on the standardized accounting dataset, identify the spatial characteristics of soil and water conservation functions, divide the spatial accounting units of soil and water conservation ecological products, and generate a spatial accounting unit distribution layer; Physical quantity extraction module: Utilizing the boundary information and attribute features in the spatial accounting unit distribution layer, and combining the water and soil conservation ecological product classification system, the physical quantity indicators of water and soil conservation ecological products in each accounting unit are extracted to obtain the classified water and soil conservation ecological product physical quantity dataset; Value conversion module: Based on the classified physical quantity dataset of soil and water conservation ecological products, market price and substitution cost parameters from the regional economic parameter library are introduced to perform value conversion, resulting in an initial value dataset of soil and water conservation ecological products containing direct and indirect value. Cross-validation evaluation module: Based on the multi-dimensional target area ecological validation rules, the initial soil and water conservation ecological product value dataset is cross-validated to generate an accounting accuracy evaluation result that includes single-dimensional accuracy scores and common deviation analysis; Iterative calibration and correction module: Based on the accounting accuracy assessment results, value correction rules are constructed, regional differentiation correction coefficients are generated and integrated into the initial soil and water conservation ecological product value dataset, and iterative calibration of the accounting system is completed to obtain the corrected comprehensive value accounting results; The calculation result output module combines the resource scarcity and socio-economic development level of the target area to perform spatiotemporal correction on the revised comprehensive value calculation result, generates spatiotemporally corrected spatial grid data of the value of soil and water conservation ecological products, introduces real-time monitoring data to establish a dynamic value adjustment and tracking mechanism, and outputs the optimized value calculation result of soil and water conservation ecological products.

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