A reaction safety risk assessment method, device and electronic equipment for a rectifying column

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of chemical production, in particular to a reaction safety risk assessment method and device for a rectifying tower and electronic equipment, wherein the reaction safety risk assessment method for the rectifying tower comprises: obtaining thermal decomposition kinetics parameters of tower kettle liquid and residence time of the tower kettle liquid; based on the thermal decomposition kinetics parameters and the residence time, calculating a safety temperature of the tower kettle liquid; wherein the safety temperature is a temperature corresponding to a time required for a temperature rise rate of the tower kettle liquid to reach a maximum value under adiabatic conditions, which is equal to a multiple of the residence time; obtaining a maximum temperature of a heating medium of the rectifying tower; numerically comparing the maximum temperature of the heating medium with the safety temperature, and determining a reaction safety risk level of the rectifying tower according to a comparison result. The limitation that potential thermal risks are difficult to be quantified by relying on real-time process parameter monitoring is overcome, and early warning and hierarchical prevention and control of the tower kettle liquid self-heating reaction risk under abnormal working conditions such as power failure and cooling failure are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of chemical production technology, specifically to a method, apparatus, and electronic equipment for assessing the reaction safety risks of a distillation column. Background Technology

[0002] Distillation columns are among the most commonly used separation equipment in industries such as petroleum, chemical, and pharmaceutical, and are widely used in the separation and purification of mixtures. In actual production, the bottom liquid often contains heat-sensitive substances, which may undergo exothermic reactions such as decomposition, polymerization, and oxidation under prolonged heating or high-temperature conditions. These side reactions not only affect product quality but may also trigger thermal runaway, leading to a rapid increase in temperature and pressure, and even causing serious safety accidents such as fires and explosions.

[0003] Currently, the chemical industry's safety assessment of distillation columns mainly relies on the monitoring and control of process parameters, such as temperature, pressure, and liquid level. While these parameters can reflect the column's operating status, they are difficult to directly assess the thermal risk of the bottom liquid under abnormal operating conditions. Especially in abnormal situations such as power outages or cooling failures, the bottom liquid may trigger secondary risks due to exothermic reactions, and existing control systems are unable to provide early warnings or effective intervention. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a method, apparatus, and electronic device for assessing the reaction safety risks of a distillation column, in order to solve the problem that related technologies are unable to accurately assess and warn of the thermal risks of the column bottom liquid under abnormal operating conditions, and are unable to effectively prevent thermal runaway accidents caused by exothermic reactions.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for assessing the reaction safety risk of a distillation column, comprising the following steps: obtaining the thermal decomposition kinetic parameters of the column bottom liquid and the residence time of the column bottom liquid; calculating the safe temperature Tsafe of the column bottom liquid based on the thermal decomposition kinetic parameters and the residence time; wherein the safe temperature Tsafe is the temperature corresponding to the time required for the temperature rise rate of the column bottom liquid to reach its maximum value under adiabatic conditions being equal to a multiple of the residence time; obtaining the maximum temperature HMT of the heating medium of the distillation column; comparing the maximum temperature HMT of the heating medium with the safe temperature Tsafe, and determining the reaction safety risk level of the distillation column based on the comparison result.

[0006] The reaction safety risk assessment method for the distillation column provided by the present invention calculates the temperature corresponding to the time when the liquid temperature rise rate in the bottom of the column reaches the maximum value under adiabatic conditions and is equal to the multiple of the residence time, that is, the safety temperature Tsafe, by obtaining the thermal decomposition kinetic parameters and residence time of the bottom liquid. Furthermore, the maximum temperature of the heating medium HMT is numerically compared with Tsafe to evaluate whether the heating medium has the energy condition to trigger the thermal runaway of the material, thereby accurately determining the boundary of the possibility of the heating medium triggering the thermal runaway of the material, overcoming the limitation that it is difficult to quantify the potential thermal risk only relying on the monitoring of real-time process parameters, and realizing the early warning and hierarchical prevention and control of the self-exothermic reaction risk of the bottom liquid under abnormal conditions such as power failure and cooling failure.

[0007] In some optional embodiments, the maximum temperature of the heating medium HMT is numerically compared with the safety temperature Tsafe, and the reaction safety risk level of the distillation column is determined according to the comparison result, including: when the maximum temperature of the heating medium HMT is less than the safety temperature Tsafe, it is determined that the distillation column is in a low-risk state; when the maximum temperature of the heating medium HMT is greater than the safety temperature Tsafe, it is determined that the distillation column is in a high-risk state.

[0008] When HMT≥Tsafe, it indicates that the heating medium has the ability to heat the material to the thermal decomposition critical point, and there is a high possibility of triggering thermal runaway; when HMT<Tsafe, the heating medium cannot provide the energy required to trigger the decomposition of the material, and the thermal runaway risk is limited within a low possibility range.

[0009] In some optional embodiments, after determining that the distillation column is in a low-risk state when the maximum temperature of the heating medium HMT is less than the safety temperature Tsafe, it further includes: obtaining the maximum allowable temperature MTT of the bottom of the column and the adiabatic temperature rise ΔT; calculating the maximum thermal runaway temperature MTD according to the maximum temperature of the heating medium HMT and the adiabatic temperature rise ΔT; when the maximum allowable temperature MTT of the design is less than the safety temperature Tsafe, it is determined that the reaction safety risk level of the distillation column is level 1; when the maximum allowable temperature MTT of the design is greater than the safety temperature Tsafe, the maximum thermal runaway temperature MTD is compared with the maximum allowable temperature MTT of the design. If the maximum thermal runaway temperature MTD is less than the maximum allowable temperature MTT of the design, it is determined that the reaction safety risk level of the distillation column is level 2; if the maximum thermal runaway temperature MTD is greater than the maximum allowable temperature MTT of the design, it is determined that the reaction safety risk level of the distillation column is level 3.

[0010] This implementation method introduces dual verification using the design maximum allowable temperature (MTT) and the maximum thermal runaway temperature (MTD), enabling refined segmentation of low-risk levels when HMT is less than Tsafe. When MTT is less than Tsafe, the equipment's physical strength is insufficient to trigger material decomposition, and it is directly classified as a Level 1 risk. When MTT is greater than or equal to Tsafe, the numerical relationship between MTD and MTT is compared to accurately identify whether the consequences of thermal runaway exceed the equipment's tolerance limit, thereby distinguishing between Level 2 risk (MTD not exceeding the limit) and Level 3 risk (MTD exceeding the limit) within the low-risk framework.

[0011] In some optional implementations, after determining that the distillation column is in a high-risk state when the maximum temperature HMT of the heating medium is greater than the safe temperature Tsafe, the method further includes: obtaining the maximum allowable temperature MTT; obtaining the adiabatic temperature rise ΔT; calculating the maximum thermal runaway temperature MTD based on the maximum allowable temperature MTT and the adiabatic temperature rise ΔT; determining the reaction safety risk level of the distillation column to be level 5 when the maximum thermal runaway temperature MTD is greater than or equal to the design maximum allowable temperature MTT; and determining the reaction safety risk level of the distillation column to be level 4 when the maximum thermal runaway temperature MTD is less than the design maximum allowable temperature MTT.

[0012] This implementation method targets high-risk operating conditions where HMT is greater than Tsafe. By calculating MTD and comparing it with MTT, the severity of high-risk consequences is accurately distinguished. When MTD is greater than or equal to MTT, it indicates that the temperature generated by thermal runaway will exceed the physical tolerance limit of the equipment, posing an extremely high risk of triggering a catastrophic physical explosion, and is therefore classified as Level 5. When MTD is less than MTT, it indicates that the equipment itself still has the ability to contain the last barrier to prevent accidents, and its risk severity is relatively low, and is therefore classified as Level 4.

[0013] In some optional implementations, calculating the safe temperature Tsafe of the bottom liquid based on thermal decomposition kinetic parameters and residence time includes: obtaining heat flow curves of the sample at at least three different temperature rise rates using a thermal analysis instrument; processing the heat flow curves using kinetic analysis methods to obtain the relationship between activation energy E(α) and conversion rate α; substituting the activation energy E(α) varying with conversion rate α into the energy balance and material balance equations under adiabatic conditions for numerical calculation to establish the correspondence between the initial temperature and the time to reach the maximum reaction rate TMRad; based on the correspondence, solving for the initial temperature corresponding to when TMRad equals a preset multiple of the residence time, and then calculating the initial temperature. The initial temperature obtained from the solution is determined as the safe temperature Tsafe; or; the temperature change curve of the sample under adiabatic conditions over time is obtained; the change curve is fitted by a kinetic model to obtain multiple sets of data points for each initial temperature and the corresponding time to reach the maximum reaction rate; the data points are corrected by thermal inertia factor, and a linear fit is performed with the corrected logarithm of time ln(tcorr) as the ordinate and the reciprocal of the initial temperature 1 / T as the abscissa to obtain a fitted straight line; the abscissa 1 / T corresponding to the ordinate of the fitted straight line being equal to a preset multiple of the residence time is obtained, and the abscissa 1 / T is converted by reciprocal, and the obtained temperature value is taken as the safe temperature Tsafe.

[0014] This implementation method can accurately determine the safe temperature that meets the preset dwell time multiple, ensuring the scientific nature and reliability of the evaluation results.

[0015] In some optional implementations, after comparing the maximum temperature HMT of the heating medium with the safe temperature Tsafe and determining the reaction safety risk level of the distillation column based on the comparison results, the method further includes: determining safety protection measures for the distillation column based on the reaction safety risk level.

[0016] This implementation method matches corresponding safety protection measures according to the risk level, realizing an effective closed loop from risk assessment to risk control.

[0017] Secondly, the present invention also provides a reaction safety risk assessment device for a distillation column. The device includes a first acquisition module, a calculation module, a second acquisition module, and a level determination module. The first acquisition module is used to acquire the thermal decomposition kinetic parameters of the column bottom liquid and the residence time of the column bottom liquid. The calculation module is used to calculate the safe temperature Tsafe of the column bottom liquid based on the thermal decomposition kinetic parameters and the residence time. The safe temperature Tsafe is the temperature corresponding to the time required for the temperature rise rate of the column bottom liquid to reach its maximum value under adiabatic conditions, which is equal to a multiple of the residence time. The second acquisition module is used to acquire the maximum temperature HMT of the heating medium in the distillation column. The level determination module is used to compare the maximum temperature HMT of the heating medium with the safe temperature Tsafe, and determine the reaction safety risk level of the distillation column based on the comparison result.

[0018] Thirdly, the present invention provides an electronic device, comprising: a memory and a processor, wherein the memory and the processor are communicatively connected to each other, the memory stores computer instructions, and the processor executes the computer instructions to perform the reaction safety risk assessment method for the distillation column described in the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment thereof.

[0019] Fourthly, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a computer to execute the reaction safety risk assessment method for a distillation column according to the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment described above.

[0020] Fifthly, the present invention provides a computer program product, including computer instructions for causing a computer to execute the reaction safety risk assessment method for a distillation column described in the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment thereof. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an application scenario according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a first flowchart of the method for assessing the safety risks of distillation column reactions according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a second flowchart of the distillation column reaction safety risk assessment method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a heat flow curve obtained using C80 at different temperature rise rates in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a graph showing the change in activation energy versus conversion rate in the Friedman method used in this embodiment of the invention. Figure 6 This is the TMRad graph obtained through iterative solution in this embodiment of the invention; Figure 7 This is a graph showing the adiabatic temperature rise curve measured using ARC in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 T is the ARC test in the embodiment of the present invention. safe Fitting a straight line graph; Figure 9This is a structural block diagram of a distillation column reaction safety risk assessment device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] It is understood that before using the technical solutions disclosed in the various embodiments of the present invention, users should be informed of the types, scope of use, and usage scenarios of the personal information involved in the present invention and their authorization should be obtained in accordance with relevant laws and regulations through appropriate means.

[0025] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0026] As an optional application scenario of this invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the system may include at least one terminal device and at least one server. Figure 1 The system is illustrated in the example, which includes a computer 101, a mobile terminal 102, and a server 103, and the terminal devices such as the computer 101 and the mobile terminal 102 are connected to the server 103 through a network 110.

[0027] Specifically, the terminal device can be a smartphone, tablet, laptop, PDA, desktop computer, game console, smart TV, smart wearable device, in-vehicle terminal, VR (Virtual Reality) device, AR (Augmented Reality) device, etc. Server 103 can be a standalone physical server, a server cluster, a distributed system, or a cloud server providing cloud services. Network 110 can be a wired or wireless network, examples of which include, but are not limited to, the Internet, corporate intranet, local area network, wide area network, mobile communication network, and combinations thereof.

[0028] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method for assessing the reaction safety risks of a distillation column is provided. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions. Furthermore, although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.

[0029] This embodiment provides a method for assessing the reaction safety risks of a distillation column, which can be used on the aforementioned mobile terminals, such as mobile phones and tablets. Figure 2 This is a first flowchart of the distillation column reaction safety risk assessment method according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown, the process includes the following steps: Step S201: Obtain the thermal decomposition kinetic parameters of the liquid in the bottom of the column and the residence time of the liquid in the bottom of the column.

[0030] Step S202: Calculate the safe temperature Tsafe of the bottom liquid based on the thermal decomposition kinetic parameters and residence time; where the safe temperature Tsafe is the temperature at which the temperature rise rate of the bottom liquid reaches its maximum value under adiabatic conditions is equal to a multiple of the residence time.

[0031] In the field of reaction safety risk assessment, commonly used methods include differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and adiabatic calorimetry (ARC) for obtaining parameters such as the initial decomposition temperature, heat release, and temperature rise rate of materials. Among these, T... D24 The initial temperature at which the maximum rate of temperature rise is reached in 24 hours under adiabatic conditions is one of the core parameters for evaluating the thermal stability of a material, but it is not applicable to the special operating conditions of continuous operation equipment such as distillation columns. In continuous distillation columns, the residence time of materials in the reboiler is typically only tens of minutes to several hours, far less than 24 hours. Using T... D24 Using a safety threshold as a basis for assessment would lead to overly stringent evaluations, potentially misjudging conditions with low actual safety risks as high-risk, resulting in unnecessary over-protection. Conversely, if the material residence time is extremely short, even if its T... D24 The value is relatively high, and it's also possible that the decomposition won't be triggered due to rapid passage.

[0032] Therefore, this embodiment does not directly use T. D24 Instead of conducting a reaction safety risk assessment on the distillation column, the safe temperature Tsafe is used. Tsafe is the temperature at which, under adiabatic conditions, the time required for the bottom liquid to reach its maximum temperature rise rate is equal to a multiple of the residence time. Specifically, Tsafe is the temperature at which, under adiabatic conditions, the time required for the bottom liquid to reach its maximum temperature rise rate is equal to 3 to 5 times the residence time. For example, under adiabatic conditions, the temperature at which the time required for the bottom liquid to reach its maximum temperature rise rate is equal to 3 times the residence time.

[0033] Step S203: Obtain the highest temperature HMT of the heating medium in the distillation column.

[0034] The maximum temperature of the heating medium (HMT) represents the highest external heat source temperature that the distillate column bottom liquid may come into contact with under normal operation and potential temperature control failure scenarios. The heating medium can be steam, hot water, etc.

[0035] Step S204: Compare the maximum temperature HMT of the heating medium with the safe temperature Tsafe, and determine the reaction safety risk level of the distillation column based on the comparison results.

[0036] Comparing the maximum temperature (HMT) of the heating medium with the safe temperature (Tsafe) essentially assesses whether the heating medium possesses the energy conditions to trigger thermal runaway of the material. When the maximum temperature (HMT) of the heating medium is greater than or equal to the safe temperature (Tsafe), it indicates that the heating medium has the ability to heat the material to the thermal decomposition critical point, and there is a high probability of triggering thermal runaway. When the maximum temperature (HMT) of the heating medium is less than the safe temperature (Tsafe), the heating medium cannot provide the energy required to trigger material decomposition, and the risk of thermal runaway is limited to a low probability range.

[0037] The reaction safety risk assessment method provided in this embodiment obtains the thermal decomposition kinetic parameters and residence time of the bottom liquid in the column, calculates the temperature corresponding to the time required for the bottom liquid temperature rise rate to reach its maximum value under adiabatic conditions to be equal to a multiple of the residence time, i.e., the safe temperature Tsafe; then, it compares the maximum temperature HMT of the heating medium with Tsafe to assess whether the heating medium has the energy conditions to trigger thermal runaway of the material, thereby accurately determining the possibility boundary of thermal runaway of the material caused by the heating medium. This overcomes the limitation of relying solely on real-time process parameter monitoring, which makes it difficult to quantify potential thermal risks, and realizes advanced early warning and graded prevention and control of the risk of self-exothermic reaction of the bottom liquid in the column under abnormal operating conditions such as power failure and cooling failure.

[0038] This embodiment provides a method for assessing the reaction safety risks of a distillation column, which can be used on the aforementioned mobile terminals, such as mobile phones and tablets. Figure 3 This is a second flowchart of the distillation column reaction safety risk assessment method according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 3 As shown, the process includes the following steps: Step S301: Obtain the thermal decomposition kinetic parameters of the liquid in the bottom of the column and the residence time of the liquid in the bottom of the column.

[0039] Step S302: Calculate the safe temperature Tsafe of the bottom liquid based on the thermal decomposition kinetic parameters and residence time; where the safe temperature Tsafe is the temperature at which the temperature rise rate of the bottom liquid reaches its maximum value under adiabatic conditions is equal to a multiple of the residence time.

[0040] In one optional implementation, calculating the safe temperature Tsafe of the bottom liquid based on thermal decomposition kinetic parameters and residence time includes: acquiring heat flow curves of the sample at at least three different temperature rise rates using a thermal analysis instrument; processing the heat flow curves using kinetic analysis methods to obtain the relationship between activation energy E(α) and conversion rate α; substituting the activation energy E(α) varying with conversion rate α into the energy balance and material balance equations under adiabatic conditions for numerical calculation to establish a correspondence between the initial temperature and the time to reach the maximum reaction rate TMRad; based on the correspondence, solving for the initial temperature corresponding to when TMRad equals a preset multiple of the residence time, and determining the initial temperature obtained from the solution as the safe temperature Tsafe.

[0041] Specifically, differential scanning calorimetry or micro calorimetry is used to obtain the heat flow curves of the sample at at least three different temperature rise rates. The model-free method is used to process the heat flow curves to obtain the relationship between the activation energy E(α) and the conversion rate α.

[0042] Among them, the model-free method is the Friedman method, and its calculation formula is:

[0043] Where α represents the reaction conversion rate; t represents the reaction time; Let represent the absolute temperature at which the reaction reaches conversion α at the i-th heating rate; R represents the gas constant; E(α) represents the activation energy; A(α) represents the pre-exponential factor; and f(α) represents the reaction mechanism function.

[0044] In another optional implementation, calculating the safe temperature Tsafe of the bottom liquid based on thermal decomposition kinetic parameters and residence time includes: obtaining a temperature change curve of the sample under adiabatic conditions over time; fitting the change curve using a kinetic model to obtain multiple sets of data points for each initial temperature and the corresponding time to reach the maximum reaction rate; correcting the data points for thermal inertia factors, and performing linear fitting with the corrected logarithm of time ln(tcorr) as the ordinate and the reciprocal of the initial temperature 1 / T as the abscissa to obtain a fitted straight line; obtaining the abscissa 1 / T corresponding to the ordinate of the fitted straight line being equal to a preset multiple of the residence time, performing a reciprocal conversion on the abscissa 1 / T, and using the obtained temperature value as the safe temperature Tsafe.

[0045] Specifically, an adiabatic calorimeter was used to obtain the temperature change curve of the sample under adiabatic conditions over time. The curve was then fitted using an n-level kinetic model to obtain multiple sets of data points for each initial temperature and the corresponding time to reach the maximum reaction rate.

[0046] Step S303: Obtain the highest temperature HMT of the heating medium in the distillation column.

[0047] Step S304: When the highest temperature HMT of the heating medium is less than the safe temperature Tsafe, the distillation column is determined to be in a low-risk state.

[0048] In some optional implementations, after determining that the distillation column is in a low-risk state when the highest temperature HMT of the heating medium is less than the safe temperature Tsafe, steps S305 to S308 are also included.

[0049] Step S305: Obtain the design maximum allowable temperature MTT and adiabatic temperature rise ΔT of the column reboiler.

[0050] Among them, the maximum allowable design temperature (MTT) of the tower reboiler refers to the maximum allowable temperature of the tower reboiler determined by the equipment material, design pressure, and safety relief device settings.

[0051] The adiabatic temperature rise ΔT refers to the increase in system temperature when the liquid in the bottom of the column undergoes complete decomposition under adiabatic conditions.

[0052] Step S306: Calculate the maximum thermal runaway temperature MTD based on the highest temperature HMT of the heating medium and the adiabatic temperature rise ΔT.

[0053] In related technologies, the impact of the magnitude of the heat of decomposition on the actual degree of hazard is neglected when conducting reaction safety risk assessments. Only the decomposition trigger temperature (such as T) is considered. D24 The assessment of whether a material is prone to decomposition does not consider the amount of energy released once the decomposition reaction is triggered. In practice, some materials may have low trigger temperatures but very small heats of decomposition, with an adiabatic temperature rise ΔT of only a few degrees or tens of degrees. Even if decomposition occurs, it will not lead to a severe temperature or pressure surge, and the actual risk is extremely low. Conversely, if the heat of decomposition is enormous, even if the trigger probability is low, the consequences could be catastrophic once it occurs.

[0054] Heating of the distillation column relies on an external heat source (such as steam, heat transfer oil, or hot water). The highest temperature (HMT) of the heating medium constitutes the upper limit of the temperature that the bottom liquid may reach under abnormal operating conditions. As mentioned above, when the material decomposes, its own exothermic reaction will further increase the temperature. Based on this, this embodiment superimposes the adiabatic temperature rise ΔT on the highest temperature (HMT) of the heating medium to obtain the maximum thermal runaway temperature (MTD), and uses the maximum thermal runaway temperature (MTD) as a quantitative indicator to evaluate the severity of the safety risks and consequences of the reaction.

[0055] Step S307: When the maximum allowable temperature MTT is less than the safe temperature Tsafe, the reaction safety risk level of the distillation column is determined to be Level 1.

[0056] When the maximum allowable temperature (MTT) is less than the safe temperature (Tsafe), it means that the equipment's pressure and temperature resistance limits are far below the critical point for material thermal decomposition. Therefore, even in extreme cases of temperature runaway, the equipment will fail due to overpressure or overtemperature before the material reaches its decomposition temperature, thus physically preventing the thermal runaway reaction from occurring. This operating condition fundamentally eliminates the possibility of explosion or violent material surge caused by material decomposition; the severity of the consequences and the probability of occurrence are both at the lowest level, meeting the definition of Level 1 low risk.

[0057] Step S308: When the maximum allowable temperature MTT is greater than the safe temperature Tsafe, compare the maximum thermal runaway temperature MTD with the maximum allowable temperature MTT. If the maximum thermal runaway temperature MTD is less than the maximum allowable temperature MTT, determine the reaction safety risk level of the distillation column as level 2; if the maximum thermal runaway temperature MTD is greater than the maximum allowable temperature MTT, determine the reaction safety risk level of the distillation column as level 3.

[0058] When the maximum permissible design temperature (MTT) is greater than the safe temperature (Tsafe), it means that the equipment has the physical capability to withstand the material reaching the critical temperature for thermal decomposition. At this point, the possibility of thermal runaway triggered by the heating medium has been opened, and the risk level needs to be determined by further examining the severity of the consequences after the runaway. Under this premise, if the maximum thermal runaway temperature (MTD) is less than the maximum permissible design temperature (MTT), it indicates that even if thermal runaway occurs, the highest temperature of the system is still within the pressure and temperature limits of the equipment, and it will not cause physical rupture of the container or violent explosion. The consequences are relatively controllable, and therefore it is classified as Level 2, which has a potential decomposition risk. Conversely, if the maximum thermal runaway temperature (MTD) is greater than the maximum permissible design temperature (MTT), it means that the energy released by the runaway reaction is sufficient to exceed the safety tolerance limit of the equipment, which can easily lead to serious safety accidents such as overpressure rupture of the equipment, material surge, or even explosion. The severity of the consequences increases significantly, and therefore it is classified as Level 3, which is high-risk.

[0059] Step S309: When the highest temperature HMT of the heating medium is greater than the safe temperature Tsafe, the distillation column is determined to be in a high-risk state.

[0060] In some alternative implementations, after determining that the distillation column is in a high-risk state when the highest temperature HMT of the heating medium is greater than the safe temperature Tsafe, steps S310 to S314 are also included.

[0061] Step S310: Obtain the maximum permissible temperature (MTT).

[0062] Step S311: Obtain the adiabatic temperature rise ΔT.

[0063] Step S312: Calculate the maximum thermal runaway temperature MTD based on the maximum allowable temperature MTT and the adiabatic temperature rise ΔT.

[0064] Step S313: When the maximum thermal runaway temperature MTD is greater than or equal to the designed maximum allowable temperature MTT, determine that the reaction safety risk level of the distillation column is level 5; when the maximum thermal runaway temperature MTD is less than the designed maximum allowable temperature MTT, determine that the reaction safety risk level of the distillation column is level 4.

[0065] When the maximum thermal runaway temperature MTD is greater than or equal to the designed maximum allowable temperature MTT, it means that once the material gets out of control, the energy and temperature released will completely exceed the physical tolerance limit of the equipment, which is extremely likely to cause physical rupture of the container and violent secondary decomposition explosion, belonging to the most extreme catastrophic consequences. Therefore, it is defined as level 5 with extremely high explosion risk; while when the maximum thermal runaway temperature MTD is less than the designed maximum allowable temperature MTT, although the runaway temperature has approached or reached the safety tolerance boundary of the equipment, there are extremely high risks of material ejection and decomposition, but the equipment itself still has the ability of the last physical barrier to restrain the accident consequences in the extreme state, and its damage degree and accident severity are relatively lower than the former. Therefore, it is determined as level 4 with relatively high potential explosion risk.

[0066] According to steps S301 to S313, the reaction safety risk of the distillation column can be divided into the following five levels. When TP < HMT < MTT < Tsafe, it is level 1; when TP < HMT < Tsafe < MTD < MTT, it is level 2; when TP < HMT < Tsafe < MTT < MTD, it is level 3; when TP ≤ Tsafe < HMT < MTD < MTT, it is level 4; when TP ≤ Tsafe < HMT < MTT ≤ MTD, it is level 5.

[0067] Level 1 means sufficient safety redundancy. At this level, the highest temperature HMT of the heating medium is both lower than the maximum allowable temperature MTT of the equipment and lower than the safety temperature Tsafe of the material. Therefore, even in the most extreme heating runaway condition, the highest temperature of the tower bottom can only reach the highest temperature HMT of the heating medium at most, and the thermal decomposition reaction of the material cannot be triggered. The risk of this condition is extremely low, and only routine process control is required.

[0068] Level 2 means that the trigger is limited and the consequences are controllable. At this level, the highest temperature HMT of the heating medium is still lower than the safety temperature Tsafe required to trigger decomposition, that is, the heating system itself does not have the ability to trigger decomposition. However, assuming that the material is heated to the decomposition temperature due to other abnormal reasons, the exothermic decomposition will cause the temperature to further rise to the maximum thermal runaway temperature MTD. Since the maximum thermal runaway temperature MTD is still lower than the temperature-bearing limit of the equipment, that is, the designed maximum allowable temperature MTT, the tower bottom will not rupture due to overpressure. The risk of this level lies in "decomposition caused by non-heating reasons", but the consequences are still within the bearing range of the equipment.

[0069] Level 3 is trigger-limited, but consequences exceed limits. Similar to Level 2, the heating medium itself is insufficient to trigger decomposition; however, once decomposition is triggered, its maximum thermal runaway temperature (MTD) will exceed the design maximum allowable temperature (MTT), potentially leading to equipment damage or leakage. This level indicates that although the probability of triggering is low, the consequences can be severe if it occurs.

[0070] Level 4 is triggerable with manageable consequences. At this level, the highest temperature of the heating medium (HMT) is higher than the safe temperature (Tsafe), meaning the heating system is capable of heating the material to the decomposition trigger range, posing a significant possibility of decomposition triggering. However, due to the relatively low heat of material decomposition (low adiabatic temperature rise ΔT), the combined maximum thermal runaway temperature (MTD) is still lower than the design maximum allowable temperature (MTT), and the equipment itself will not be damaged by overpressure due to decomposition. This level is characterized by "easy triggering, low consequences," requiring close attention to prevent triggering, but there is no need to be overly concerned about explosive consequences.

[0071] Level 5 is triggerable with serious consequences. This is the highest risk level, where the maximum temperature of the heating medium (HMT) exceeds the safe temperature (Tsafe). The heating medium is capable of triggering decomposition, and the maximum thermal runaway temperature (MTD) after decomposition will exceed the equipment's temperature tolerance limit, i.e., the design's maximum allowable temperature (MTT). Under this condition, thermal runaway will not only cause material decomposition but also has a high probability of leading to overpressure and explosion in the reboiler. Optimization at the process source is necessary, such as reducing the maximum heating medium temperature (HMT) or increasing the safe temperature (Tsafe).

[0072] After comparing the maximum temperature HMT of the heating medium with the safe temperature Tsafe, and determining the reaction safety risk level of the distillation column based on the comparison results, the process also includes: determining the safety protection measures for the distillation column based on the reaction safety risk level.

[0073] Based on the risk characteristics of different reaction safety levels in the distillation column, progressively enhanced automated control and safety protection measures should be adopted. Specific configuration requirements are as follows: When the reaction safety level is Level 1, it is considered a low-risk operating condition. In this case, a conventional automatic control system, such as a distributed control system (DCS) or a programmable logic controller (PLC), should be configured to centrally monitor and automatically adjust key process parameters such as temperature, pressure, and liquid level, ensuring that the production process is always under control.

[0074] When the reaction safety level is 2, there is a potential risk of decomposition. Based on the standard Level 1 automatic control, alarm and interlock control functions for deviations from normal values ​​must be added; at the same time, pressure relief facilities such as safety valves or rupture discs should be configured according to design specifications, and a compliant Safety Instrumented System (SIS) should be configured based on the Safety Integrity Level (SIL) assessment results.

[0075] When the reaction safety level is 3, there is a dual risk of material overflow and decomposition. Building upon Level 2 measures, the reliability of the control system must be further improved by employing a redundant control system. For example, key sensors should be configured with a 1002 redundancy scheme (one out of two), and a Safety Instrumented System (SIS) completely independent of the basic process control system should be configured to ensure interlocking protection functions under extreme conditions.

[0076] When the reaction safety level is 4 or 5, it is considered an extremely high-risk condition, with a risk of material decomposition. In this case, process optimization or process route modification must be prioritized to reduce the risk. In addition to the level 3 control measures, special safety facilities such as emergency depressurization, emergency cooling, or emergency reaction termination should be added to minimize the occurrence and escalation of accidents.

[0077] To illustrate the reaction safety risk assessment method of the distillation column in this embodiment more clearly, a specific example is given.

[0078] Using the bottom liquid of a distillation column as a sample, T was obtained using both C80-based and ARC-based methods. safe .

[0079] The design and operating data of the distillation column are as follows: process temperature TP is 55℃, specific heat capacity of the bottom material is 2 J / (g·K), and residence time is 2h. The maximum technical temperature MTT is 200℃, and steam is used for heating, with a maximum temperature HMT of 120℃.

[0080] A small sample of the bottom liquid from the column was taken and tested using a C80 micro calorimeter at heating rates of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 K / min. The resulting heat flow curves are shown below. Figure 4 As shown. The Friedman model-free method is used to... Figure 4 The data were analyzed to obtain the relationship between activation energy E(α) and conversion rate α, such as... Figure 5 As shown. From Figure 5 It can be seen that the activation energy increases from 80 kJ / mol to 130 kJ / mol across the entire conversion range, which is not due to a single decomposition mechanism.

[0081] The obtained kinetic parameters (E(α)) are substituted into the energy balance and material balance equations under adiabatic conditions for numerical calculation. Through iterative solutions, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the initial temperature that makes TMRad equal to 6 hours was found, and the calculated Tsafe of the bottom liquid was 90 °C. The heat release of the sample was obtained by integrating the C80 test results in 1093 J / g. Combined with the specific heat capacity of the bottom material (2 J / (g·K)), the heat release was calculated according to ΔT = Q / C. p The calculated adiabatic temperature rise ΔT is 546.5 ℃.

[0082] Take the bottom liquid sample and conduct a "heat - wait - search" mode test using an ARC adiabatic calorimeter to obtain the temperature - time change curve under adiabatic conditions, as Figure 7 shown. Extract multiple data points of "initial temperature - time to reach the maximum reaction rate" from Figure 7 . Given that the thermal inertia factor φ of this test is 2.96, correct the time. Plot ln(tcorr) against 1000 / T and perform a linear fit to obtain a straight line, as Figure 8 shown. On the Figure 8 fitted straight line, find the abscissa 1000 / T corresponding to the ordinate ln(6 h) = 1.792. After calculation, the Tsafe of this bottom liquid is also 92 °C. Due to the excessive heat release of the sample beyond the detection range of the instrument, the actual adiabatic temperature rise ΔT of the sample cannot be obtained. However, kinetic parameters such as the activation energy E and the pre - exponential factor A can be extracted by fitting the ARC test data with the n - order kinetic model. The calculated Tsafe parameter is consistent with the result obtained by the C80 method, and the two verify each other.

[0083] At this time, compare the magnitude relationship of the five parameters: T P (55 °C) < Tsafe (92 °C) < HMT (120 °C) < MTT (200 °C) < MTD (666.5 °C). According to the classification rules, the risk level of this distillation column is rated as level 5. According to the requirements of level 5 risk, process optimization or process method change should be carried out preferentially to fundamentally reduce the risk.

[0084] If the heating medium is changed from steam heating to hot - water heating, the maximum temperature HMT becomes 80 °C. Re - compare the magnitude relationship of the five parameters: T P (55 °C) < HMT (80 °C) < Tsafe (92 °C) < MTT (200 °C) < MTD (626.5 °C). According to the classification rules, the risk level of this distillation column becomes level 3. According to the requirements of level 3 risk, on the basis of configuring a conventional automatic control system, alarms and interlock controls for deviations from the normal value must be set, and pressure - relief facilities such as safety valves or rupture discs should be set according to the design specifications. At the same time, a redundant control system (such as 1oo2 redundancy for key sensors) should be adopted, and a SIS independent of the basic process control system should be configured.

[0085] As a comparison, if the traditional T D24 method is used to evaluate this embodiment, the calculated T D24 is 75 °C. At this time, only considering T P (55 °C), T D24 (75 °C), HMT (120 °C), MTT (200 °C) four parameters, regardless of using steam or hot - water heating, HMT is higher than TD24 Both operating conditions were assessed as high-risk, making it impossible to distinguish the essential differences between steam and hot water heating. However, the method of this invention, by introducing Tsafe and MTD, successfully reduced the risk level from level 5 to level 3 under the hot water heating condition, providing a clear quantitative direction for process optimization and thus guiding intrinsically safe design.

[0086] The embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects: (1) For the first time, the kinetic assessment of the thermal stability of the bottom liquid in the distillation column was combined with the actual residence time of the material in the distillation column, and a safe temperature Tsafe was defined, overcoming the limitations of the general Tsafe temperature. D24 The standard's poor applicability to continuous distillation columns ensures that risk assessment is highly matched with equipment operating characteristics, avoiding resource waste caused by over-assessment. (2) For the first time, the maximum temperature HMT of the heating medium is superimposed with the adiabatic temperature rise ΔT of decomposition to form the maximum temperature MTD of thermal runaway, which comprehensively reflects the superposition effect of the heating medium capacity and the internal heat release consequences, and provides a quantitative indicator of the degree of harm in the worst case. (3) A two-dimensional classification system that comprehensively considers the "trigger temperature (Tsafe)" and the "consequence temperature (MTD)" has been established, which can effectively distinguish complex risk scenarios such as "easy to decompose and low exothermic" and "difficult to decompose and high exothermic", filling the gap in existing technology; (4) By quantifying the risk level, we can scientifically guide the differentiated configuration of safety measures, avoid over-protection or insufficient protection, and at the same time, we can quantitatively assess the impact of different process conditions (such as changes in heating medium and adjustment of residence time) on safety risks, providing direct quantitative basis for intrinsically safe design.

[0087] This embodiment also provides a reaction safety risk assessment device for a distillation column, which is used to implement the above embodiments and preferred embodiments; details already described will not be repeated. As used below, the term "module" can refer to a combination of software and / or hardware that performs a predetermined function. Although the device described in the following embodiments is preferably implemented in software, hardware implementation, or a combination of software and hardware, is also possible and contemplated.

[0088] This embodiment provides a reaction safety risk assessment device for a distillation column, such as... Figure 9 As shown, it includes: The first acquisition module 901 is used to acquire the thermal decomposition kinetic parameters of the liquid in the bottom of the column and the residence time of the liquid in the bottom of the column.

[0089] The calculation module 902 is used to calculate the safe temperature Tsafe of the bottom liquid in the column based on the thermal decomposition kinetic parameters and residence time; where the safe temperature Tsafe is the temperature corresponding to the time required for the temperature rise rate of the bottom liquid to reach its maximum value under adiabatic conditions, which is equal to a multiple of the residence time.

[0090] The second acquisition module 903 is used to acquire the highest temperature HMT of the heating medium of the distillation column.

[0091] The rating determination module 904 is used to numerically compare the maximum temperature HMT of the heating medium with the safe temperature Tsafe, and determine the reaction safety risk level of the distillation column based on the comparison result.

[0092] In some optional implementations, the rating determination module 904 is specifically used to: determine that the distillation column is in a low-risk state when the maximum temperature HMT of the heating medium is less than the safe temperature Tsafe; and determine that the distillation column is in a high-risk state when the maximum temperature HMT of the heating medium is greater than the safe temperature Tsafe.

[0093] In some optional implementations, the rating determination module 904 is specifically used to: obtain the design maximum allowable temperature MTT and adiabatic temperature rise ΔT of the column reboiler; calculate the maximum thermal runaway temperature MTD based on the maximum temperature HMT of the heating medium and the adiabatic temperature rise ΔT; determine the reaction safety risk level of the distillation column as Level 1 when the design maximum allowable temperature MTT is less than the safe temperature Tsafe; compare the maximum thermal runaway temperature MTT with the design maximum allowable temperature MTT when the design maximum allowable temperature MTT is greater than the safe temperature Tsafe; if the maximum thermal runaway temperature MTT is less than the design maximum allowable temperature MTT, determine the reaction safety risk level of the distillation column as Level 2; if the maximum thermal runaway temperature MTT is greater than the design maximum allowable temperature MTT, determine the reaction safety risk level of the distillation column as Level 3.

[0094] In some optional implementations, the rating determination module 904 is specifically used to: obtain the maximum allowable temperature MTT; obtain the adiabatic temperature rise ΔT; calculate the maximum thermal runaway temperature MTD based on the maximum allowable temperature MTT and the adiabatic temperature rise ΔT; determine the reaction safety risk level of the distillation column as level 5 when the maximum thermal runaway temperature MTT is greater than or equal to the design maximum allowable temperature MTT; and determine the reaction safety risk level of the distillation column as level 4 when the maximum thermal runaway temperature MTT is less than the design maximum allowable temperature MTT.

[0095] In some optional implementations, the calculation module 902 is specifically used to: acquire heat flow curves of the sample at at least three different temperature rise rates using a thermal analysis instrument; process the heat flow curves using kinetic analysis methods to obtain the relationship between activation energy E(α) and conversion rate α; substitute the activation energy E(α) that varies with conversion rate α into the energy balance and material balance equations under adiabatic conditions for numerical calculation to establish a correspondence between the initial temperature and the time to reach the maximum reaction rate TMRad; based on the correspondence, solve for the initial temperature corresponding to when TMRad is equal to a preset multiple of the residence time, and determine the initial temperature obtained by the solution as the safe temperature Tsafe.

[0096] In some optional implementations, the calculation module 902 is specifically used to: acquire the temperature change curve of the sample under adiabatic conditions over time; fit the change curve using a kinetic model to acquire multiple sets of data points for each initial temperature and the corresponding time to reach the maximum reaction rate; correct the data points for thermal inertia factor, and perform linear fitting with the corrected logarithm of time ln(tcorr) as the ordinate and the reciprocal of the initial temperature 1 / T as the abscissa to obtain a fitted straight line; acquire the abscissa 1 / T corresponding to the ordinate of the fitted straight line being equal to a preset multiple of the residence time, perform reciprocal conversion on the abscissa 1 / T, and use the obtained temperature value as the safe temperature Tsafe.

[0097] In some optional embodiments, the reaction safety risk assessment device for the distillation column also includes a safety protection measure determination module. After comparing the maximum temperature HMT of the heating medium with the safe temperature Tsafe, and determining the reaction safety risk level of the distillation column based on the comparison results, the safety protection measure determination module is used to: determine the safety protection measures for the distillation column based on the reaction safety risk level.

[0098] The reaction safety risk assessment device for distillation columns provided in this invention can execute the reaction safety risk assessment method for distillation columns provided in any embodiment of this invention, and has the corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects for executing the method. Further functional descriptions of the various modules and units described above are the same as in the corresponding embodiments described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0099] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0100] The following is a detailed reference. Figure 10 This diagram illustrates a suitable structural schematic for implementing an electronic device according to embodiments of the present invention. The electronic device may include a processor (e.g., a central processing unit, graphics processor, etc.) 1001, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a program stored in a read-only memory (ROM) 1002 or a program loaded from memory 1008 into random access memory (RAM) 1003. The RAM 1003 also stores various programs and data required for the operation of the electronic device. The processor 1001, ROM 1002, and RAM 1003 are interconnected via a bus 1004. An input / output (I / O) interface 1005 is also connected to the bus 1004.

[0101] Typically, the following devices can be connected to the I / O interface 1005: input devices 1006 including, for example, a touchscreen, touchpad, keyboard, mouse, camera, microphone, accelerometer, gyroscope, etc.; output devices 1007 including, for example, a liquid crystal display (LCD), speaker, vibrator, etc.; memory devices 1008 including, for example, magnetic tape, hard disk, etc.; and communication devices 1009. Communication device 1009 allows electronic devices to exchange data via wireless or wired communication with other devices. Although Figure 10 Electronic devices with various devices are shown, but it should be understood that it is not required to implement or have all of the devices shown, and more or fewer devices may be implemented or have instead.

[0102] In particular, according to embodiments of the present invention, the processes described above with reference to the flowcharts can be implemented as computer software programs. For example, embodiments of the present invention include a computer program product comprising a computer program carried on a non-transitory computer-readable medium, the computer program containing program code for performing the methods shown in the flowcharts. In such embodiments, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from a network via a communication device 1009, or installed from a memory 1008, or installed from a ROM 1002. When the computer program is executed by the processor 1001, it performs the functions defined in the reaction safety risk assessment method for distillation columns according to embodiments of the present invention.

[0103] Figure 10 The electronic device shown is merely an example and should not be construed as limiting the functionality and scope of use of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0104] This invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium. The methods described above according to embodiments of the invention can be implemented in hardware or firmware, or implemented as computer code that can be recorded on a storage medium, or implemented as computer code downloaded via a network and originally stored on a remote storage medium or a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium and then stored on a local storage medium. Thus, the methods described herein can be processed by software stored on a storage medium using a general-purpose computer, a dedicated processor, or programmable or dedicated hardware. The storage medium can be a magnetic disk, optical disk, read-only memory, random access memory, flash memory, hard disk, or solid-state drive, etc.; further, the storage medium can also include combinations of the above types of memory. It is understood that computers, processors, microprocessor controllers, or programmable hardware include storage components capable of storing or receiving software or computer code. When the software or computer code is accessed and executed by the computer, processor, or hardware, the reaction safety risk assessment method for the distillation column shown in the above embodiments is implemented.

[0105] A portion of this invention can be applied as a computer program product, such as computer program instructions, which, when executed by a computer, can invoke or provide the methods and / or technical solutions according to the invention through the operation of the computer. Those skilled in the art will understand that the forms in which computer program instructions exist in a computer-readable medium include, but are not limited to, source files, executable files, installation package files, etc. Correspondingly, the ways in which computer program instructions are executed by a computer include, but are not limited to: the computer directly executing the instructions, or the computer compiling the instructions and then executing the corresponding compiled program, or the computer reading and executing the instructions, or the computer reading and installing the instructions and then executing the corresponding installed program. Here, the computer-readable medium can be any available computer-readable storage medium or communication medium accessible to a computer.

[0106] Although embodiments of the invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and variations all fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for assessing the reaction safety risks of a distillation column, characterized in that, The method includes: Obtain the thermal decomposition kinetic parameters of the liquid in the bottom of the column and the residence time of the liquid in the bottom of the column; Based on the thermal decomposition kinetic parameters and the residence time, the safe temperature of the bottom liquid is calculated; wherein the safe temperature is the temperature at which the temperature rise rate of the bottom liquid reaches its maximum value under adiabatic conditions is equal to a multiple of the residence time. Obtain the highest temperature of the heating medium in the distillation column; The maximum temperature of the heating medium is compared with the safe temperature, and the reaction safety risk level of the distillation column is determined based on the comparison result.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of comparing the maximum temperature of the heating medium with the safe temperature, and determining the reaction safety risk level of the distillation column based on the comparison result, includes: When the maximum temperature of the heating medium is lower than the safe temperature, the distillation column is determined to be in a low-risk state. When the maximum temperature of the heating medium exceeds the safe temperature, the distillation column is determined to be in a high-risk state.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, After determining that the distillation column is in a low-risk state when the maximum temperature of the heating medium is lower than the safe temperature, the method further includes: Obtain the design maximum allowable temperature and adiabatic temperature rise of the column reboiler; The maximum thermal runaway temperature is calculated based on the highest temperature of the heating medium and the adiabatic temperature rise. When the maximum allowable temperature is lower than the safe temperature, the reaction safety risk level of the distillation column is determined to be Level 1. When the maximum allowable design temperature is greater than the safe temperature, the maximum thermal runaway temperature is compared with the maximum allowable design temperature. If the maximum thermal runaway temperature is less than the maximum allowable design temperature, the reaction safety risk level of the distillation column is determined to be level 2; if the maximum thermal runaway temperature is greater than the maximum allowable design temperature, the reaction safety risk level of the distillation column is determined to be level 3.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, After determining that the distillation column is in a high-risk state when the maximum temperature of the heating medium exceeds the safe temperature, the process further includes: Obtain the design maximum allowable temperature; Obtain adiabatic temperature rise; The maximum thermal runaway temperature is calculated based on the highest temperature of the heating medium and the adiabatic temperature rise. When the maximum thermal runaway temperature is greater than or equal to the maximum allowable design temperature, the reaction safety risk level of the distillation column is determined to be level 5; When the maximum thermal runaway temperature is less than the maximum allowable design temperature, the reaction safety risk level of the distillation column is determined to be level 4.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of the safe temperature of the bottom liquid based on the thermal decomposition kinetic parameters and the residence time includes: Heat flow profiles of the sample at at least three different temperature rise rates were obtained using a thermal analysis instrument. The heat flow curve was processed by kinetic analysis to obtain the relationship between activation energy and conversion rate. The activation energy, which varies with the conversion rate, is substituted into the energy balance and material balance equations under adiabatic conditions for numerical calculation to establish the correspondence between the initial temperature and the time to reach the maximum reaction rate. Based on the aforementioned correspondence, the initial temperature corresponding to the time when the maximum reaction rate is reached is equal to a preset multiple of the residence time is determined, and the initial temperature obtained is determined as the safe temperature. or; Obtain the temperature change curve of the sample over time under adiabatic conditions; The change curves were fitted using a kinetic model to obtain multiple sets of data points for each initial temperature and the corresponding time to reach the maximum reaction rate. The data points are corrected for thermal inertia factor, and a linear fit is performed with the corrected logarithm of time as the ordinate and the reciprocal of the initial temperature as the abscissa to obtain a fitted straight line. Obtain the x-coordinate of the fitted straight line when the ordinate is equal to a preset multiple of the dwell time, perform a reciprocal conversion on the x-coordinate, and use the resulting temperature value as the safe temperature.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After comparing the maximum temperature of the heating medium with the safe temperature and determining the reaction safety risk level of the distillation column based on the comparison result, the method further includes: The safety protection measures for the distillation column are determined based on the aforementioned reaction safety risk level.

7. A reaction safety risk assessment device for a distillation column, characterized in that, The device includes: The first acquisition module is used to acquire the thermal decomposition kinetic parameters of the liquid in the bottom of the column and the residence time of the liquid in the bottom of the column; The calculation module is used to calculate the safe temperature of the bottom liquid of the column based on the thermal decomposition kinetic parameters and the residence time; wherein the safe temperature is the temperature corresponding to the time required for the temperature rise rate of the bottom liquid to reach its maximum value under adiabatic conditions being equal to a multiple of the residence time; The second acquisition module is used to acquire the highest temperature of the heating medium in the distillation column; The rating determination module is used to compare the maximum temperature of the heating medium with the safe temperature, and determine the reaction safety risk level of the distillation column based on the comparison result.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: A memory and a processor are interconnected, the memory storing computer instructions, and the processor executing the computer instructions to perform the reaction safety risk assessment method for the distillation column as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions for causing the computer to execute the reaction safety risk assessment method for the distillation column according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

10. A computer program product, characterized in that, Includes computer instructions for causing a computer to execute the reaction safety risk assessment method for the distillation column as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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