Simulation verification system and method for large particle size ratio of fusion device TBM mixed ball bed filling

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of nuclear fusion engineering, and discloses a TBM large-particle-diameter ratio mixed ball bed filling simulation verification system and method. 12 Ti real particles, Be 12 Ti simulation particles and Li2TiO3 simulation particles matched with the physical properties of Li2TiO3 real particles. The application can solve the technical problems of the existing simulation verification system, such as the mismatch of the physical properties of simulation particles, the serious simplification of geometric structure, the lack of a systematic process parameter optimization platform, the uncontrollable segregation in the gravity falling process, the single detection method and low precision, and the inability to verify the post-processing process, and completely solves the water absorption interference problem of traditional porous simulation particles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of nuclear fusion engineering technology, and in particular relates to a simulation verification system and method for filling a large particle size ratio mixed sphere bed in a fusion device TBM (tritium breeding test blanket module). Background Technology

[0002] In the development of hybrid sphere beds for TBM components in fusion devices, optimizing the filling process and verifying the filling effect are crucial steps. Due to the limited boundary conditions set by theoretical models and finite element analysis, it is impossible to accurately predict and verify the complex situations in the actual filling process of hybrid sphere beds for TBM components in fusion devices. Real TBM components are made of opaque materials such as 316LN stainless steel, making it impossible to directly observe the particle distribution and filling process inside the sphere bed. Furthermore, the manufacturing costs of TBM components and filling particles are high and the cycle is long. With multiple reworks, the cycle is long and the cost is high. Therefore, it is necessary to use simulation devices for experimental research.

[0003] According to research, the existing simulation verification system for 10:1 large particle size ratio mixed ball bed packing technology has the following insurmountable fatal flaws: The physical properties of simulated particles differ greatly from those of real particles: more than 90% of the simulation devices use plastic beads (density ≈ 1.0 g / cm³) or ordinary open-cell porous glass beads (single density, water absorption characteristics) instead of real particles, resulting in completely different gravity segregation behavior, flow characteristics and packing characteristics. The experimental results can deviate from the actual situation by more than 30%, and the water absorption characteristics cause the post-processing detection to be completely distorted.

[0004] The geometry of the simulation device is severely simplified: In order to facilitate manufacturing and observation, most simulation devices omit the cooling pipes, reinforcing ribs and corner structures in the real cladding, resulting in experimental results deviating from the actual situation by 15%-20%.

[0005] Lack of a systematic process parameter optimization platform: It is impossible to quantitatively study the impact of different material dropping methods and different vibration parameters on the filling effect, and process optimization mainly relies on experience and trial and error.

[0006] Segregation cannot be controlled during gravity feeding: In traditional feeding methods, particles will undergo severe gravity segregation during the falling process, with large particles concentrated in the center and small particles concentrated at the edges. The volume ratio deviation after feeding can reach more than ±15%.

[0007] The detection methods are limited and have low accuracy: Most simulation devices can only assess the filling rate by overall weighing, and cannot accurately measure the mixing uniformity and local porosity distribution inside the ball bed.

[0008] Unable to verify post-processing: The verification functions of post-processing, such as water volume metering and filling rate determination and argon pressure drop residual moisture detection, are affected by the water absorption characteristics of simulated particles, and cannot reproduce the real process. Summary of the Invention

[0009] This invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in related technologies. To this end, one objective of this invention is to propose a simulation verification system for a TBM (Turbine Busbar) large particle size ratio mixed ball bed, to address the technical problems of existing simulation verification systems, such as mismatched simulated particle properties, severely simplified geometry, lack of a systematic process parameter optimization platform, uncontrollable segregation during gravity feeding, limited and low-precision detection methods, and inability to verify post-processing. Simultaneously, it completely solves the problem of water absorption interference from traditional porous simulated particles.

[0010] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a fusion device TBM large particle size ratio hybrid sphere bed filling simulation verification system includes: Non-absorbent simulated particle system, the non-absorbent simulated particle system comprising Be 12 The physical properties of Ti particles matched those of Be. 12 Ti simulated particles and Li2TiO3 simulated particles with physical properties matched to real Li2TiO3 particles; The transparent cladding device for TBM modules has the same geometry, friction coefficient of the inner wall, and interfaces as the ball bed geometry, friction coefficient of the inner wall, and interfaces of the real TBM module; all seams on the transparent cladding device for TBM modules are sealed connections. The three-dimensional motion mixing unit employs a combination of three-dimensional spatial oscillation, rotation, and translation, with a figure-eight motion trajectory. The unit utilizes bottom unloading and features online monitoring of mixing uniformity. A layered filling unit is arranged below the bottom unloading position of the three-dimensional motion mixing unit so that the mixed particles in the three-dimensional motion mixing unit are filled into the transparent simulation coating device of the TBM component; the layered filling unit has a material dropping guide function. A vibration control unit is used to apply vibration to the transparent simulation cladding device of the TBM component to make the filling layer inside the transparent simulation cladding device of the TBM component dense; The real-time monitoring unit includes a high-speed camera module for real-time observation of the filling process, flow state, segregation, and bridging formation of the mixed particles, as well as the dissolution process of the water-soluble paper between the filling layers; a laser displacement sensor array for real-time measurement of the stacking height of each region; and a capacitive density sensor array for real-time measurement of the filling density of each region. The post-processing process integrated experimental system includes a water volume metering and filling rate determination system for measuring the filling rate after filling, an argon purging and drying and residual moisture detection system for purging and drying the interior of the transparent simulation cladding device of the TBM component and detecting residual moisture, and a residue analysis system for measuring the dissolved residue content of water-soluble paper.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the TBM large particle size ratio hybrid sphere bed filling simulation verification system of the fusion device according to the first aspect of the present invention has the following significant advantages: Simulated particles (i.e., Be) 12 Simulated Ti particles and simulated Li2TiO3 particles) compared with real particles (i.e., Be). 12 (Real Ti particles and real Li2TiO3 particles) are highly matched: the first time that Be has been used. 12 The physical properties of Ti particles matched those of Be. 12 The use of simulated Ti particles and simulated Li2TiO3 particles with properties matching those of real Li2TiO3 particles reduces the deviation between the simulation results and the actual situation to less than 5%, which is far better than the more than 30% of existing simulation test systems.

[0012] The geometry is completely consistent with the real cladding: it accurately replicates all the complex structures of the TBM component, including cooling plates, corners and narrow channels, in a 1:1 ratio, reducing the deviation between experimental results and actual conditions to within 3%.

[0013] Solving the problem of gravity-fed material segregation: The layered filling unit has a material guiding function, which can effectively guide the particles to fall evenly and verify the filling process.

[0014] The system's process parameter optimization platform can quantitatively study the impact of different water-soluble paper structures, different feeding methods, and different vibration parameters on the filling effect, greatly shortening the process optimization cycle and improving optimization efficiency.

[0015] Significantly improved detection accuracy: It integrates multiple high-precision detection methods, and the accuracy of filling rate measurement, residual moisture detection sensitivity, and mixing uniformity detection accuracy all reach the level of the actual process, realizing the complete verification of the post-processing process.

[0016] Complete process validation capabilities: Integrating mixing, filling, vibration, water-soluble paper dissolution, filling rate determination, and residual moisture detection, it can complete the entire experimental process from material pretreatment to filling quality assessment, which is completely consistent with the actual filling process.

[0017] The entire filling process is visualized: The transparent simulation cladding device for TBM components adopts a fully transparent design and a real-time monitoring unit, which can intuitively observe the filling process, flow state, segregation, bridging formation process, and dissolution process of water-soluble paper, providing direct experimental evidence for the study of filling mechanism.

[0018] The TBM large particle size ratio hybrid ball bed filling simulation verification system of the first aspect of the present invention proposes for the first time to use simulated particles with closed-cell porous properties (density, friction coefficient, sphericity are basically consistent with real particles, while eliminating water absorption and hygroscopicity). It innovatively designs a TBM component hybrid ball bed filling system verification platform, integrates a post-processing detection unit that is completely consistent with the actual filling process, and realizes full visualization of the filling process, systematic optimization of process parameters, and high-precision quantitative evaluation of filling effect.

[0019] In some embodiments, the Be 12 Ti simulated particles and Be 12 The density, sphericity, coefficient of friction, and compressive strength of the real Ti particles are consistent; the density, sphericity, and coefficient of friction of the simulated Li2TiO3 particles are consistent with those of the real Li2TiO3 particles.

[0020] In some embodiments, the Be 12 The Ti simulated particles are closed-cell porous high borosilicate glass beads with a particle size of 5 mm, a density of 2.29±0.02 g / cm³, a sphericity ≥0.95, a friction coefficient μ=0.30±0.02 with the 316LN stainless steel wall, and a particle compressive strength ≥200MPa. The Li2TiO3 simulated particles are yttrium-stabilized zirconia beads with a particle size of 0.5 mm, a density of 3.30 ± 0.05 g / cm³, a sphericity ≥ 0.95, and a friction coefficient μ = 0.29 ± 0.02 with the 316LN stainless steel wall.

[0021] In some embodiments, the Be 12 The Ti simulated particles are transparent, while the Li2TiO3 simulated particles are white.

[0022] In some embodiments, the TBM component transparent simulation cladding device has two structures: a fully modular detachable device and an integrated high-temperature resistant device. The fully modular detachable device is composed of a front side plate, a rear side plate, a left side plate, a right side plate, a bottom plate, a top plate, and multiple sets of first partition plates and first cooling pipe simulation components connected by stainless steel bolts. The integrated high-temperature resistant device is formed by modularly installing multiple sets of second partitions and second cooling pipe simulation components within an integrated shell structure, and installing a top cover on the integrated shell structure.

[0023] In some embodiments, the fully modular detachable device uses a high-transparency cast acrylic sheet with a light transmittance ≥92% and a heat distortion temperature ≥90℃; The integrated high-temperature resistant device uses highly transparent quartz glass with a light transmittance of ≥93% and a long-term operating temperature of ≥1100℃. The top cover adopts the same sealing method as the actual TBM component, with additional sealing rings and a sealing pressure of ≥0.5MPa. It is used for verification of high-temperature post-processing and can withstand argon purging at 150℃.

[0024] In some embodiments, the three-dimensional motion mixing unit is made of 316LN stainless steel, and the inner wall of the three-dimensional motion mixing unit is polished with a surface roughness Ra≤0.8μm; the bottom of the three-dimensional motion mixing unit is equipped with a pneumatic quick-opening valve with a discharge time ≤10 seconds; the rotation speed range of the three-dimensional motion mixing unit is adjustable from 0-60rpm with a control accuracy of ±1rpm.

[0025] In some embodiments, the inner wall of the three-dimensional motion mixing unit is equipped with capacitive sensors and near-infrared sensors.

[0026] In some embodiments, the layered filling unit feeds material into the transparent simulated cladding device of the TBM component through vibration, with the feeding speed adjustable from 0-1 kg / min and the control accuracy ±0.01 kg / min.

[0027] In some embodiments, the layered filling unit includes a porous discharge port located at the bottom discharge position of the three-dimensional motion mixing unit, and the plurality of through holes of the discharge port are evenly distributed within a range equal to the width of the ball bed of the transparent simulation cladding of the TBM component.

[0028] In some embodiments, the drop height of the layered filling unit is adjustable from 0 to 200 mm, with a control accuracy of ±1 mm.

[0029] In some embodiments, the layered filling unit includes a transparent guide groove module disposed below the discharge port.

[0030] In some embodiments, the guide groove module has three structures: a straight groove guide groove module extending in the vertical direction, an inclined groove guide groove module extending in the inclined direction, and a grid groove guide groove module.

[0031] In some embodiments, the vibration control unit includes a piezoelectric ceramic precision vibration table, a digital vibration controller, and a piezoelectric accelerometer; the piezoelectric ceramic precision vibration table is used to place the transparent simulation cladding device of the TBM component, and the rated thrust of the piezoelectric ceramic precision vibration table is 3000N, the frequency range is 0-100Hz, and the amplitude range is adjustable from 0-5mm. The digital vibration controller is used to implement multiple vibration modes with a control accuracy of ±0.1Hz; The piezoelectric accelerometers are respectively arranged at the bottom, sides and top of the transparent simulation cladding device of the TBM component, with a measurement range of 0-100g and an accuracy of ±0.1g.

[0032] In some embodiments, the high-speed camera module includes high-speed cameras respectively arranged on the front, left, right, top, bottom, and sampling window of the transparent simulation cladding device of the TBM component; the high-speed cameras are equipped with a high-brightness LED cold light source illumination system, which is flicker-free; the laser displacement sensor array includes laser displacement sensors arranged in an array at the top of the transparent simulation cladding device of the TBM component; the capacitive density sensor array includes capacitive density sensing containers arranged in an array at different heights and positions within the transparent simulation cladding device of the TBM component.

[0033] In some embodiments, the water volume metering and filling rate determination system includes: a high-precision metering container and an ultrapure water supply system; the high-precision metering container is used to collect and measure the water volume discharged from the transparent simulated cladding device of the TBM module, the high-precision metering container has a measuring range of 50L and an accuracy of ±1mL; the ultrapure water supply system uses pure water with a resistivity ≥18.2MΩ. cm, water temperature control accuracy ±1℃; The argon purging drying and residual moisture detection system uses a high-purity argon gas source with a purity ≥99.999% and a dew point ≤-70℃. The heating system in the argon purging drying and residual moisture detection system can heat the high-purity argon gas to 150℃±5℃. The high-precision pressure sensor in the argon purging drying and residual moisture detection system has a measurement range of 0-0.2MPa and an accuracy of ±1Pa. The temperature sensor in the argon purging drying and residual moisture detection system has a measurement range of 0-200℃ and an accuracy of ±0.1℃. The residue analysis system is equipped with a 0.22μm precision filter for collecting dissolved water-soluble paper residue; the electronic analytical balance of the residue analysis system has an accuracy of ±0.01mg.

[0034] The second aspect of this invention also proposes a simulation verification method for filling a large particle size ratio hybrid ball bed in a fusion device TBM.

[0035] The method for simulating and verifying the filling of a TBM (Turbine Busbar) hybrid sphere bed with a large particle size ratio according to a second aspect of the present invention is performed using the simulation and verification system for the filling of a TBM with a large particle size ratio hybrid sphere bed according to a first aspect of the present invention, including: Basic property verification stage: Verify the reliability of the non-absorbent simulated particle system, establish the property mapping relationship between simulated particles and real particles, and provide basic data support for subsequent experiments; Single-factor parameter optimization stage: The independent influence of each process parameter on the filling quality is studied in a systematic way, and the optimal value range of each parameter is determined, so as to provide a basis for multi-factor coupled optimization. Multi-factor coupling optimization stage: This stage investigates the interactions between various process parameters, establishes a filling quality prediction model, and determines the globally optimal combination of process parameters. Full-process validation phase: Verify the stability and reliability of the optimized process parameters throughout the complete filling process, and simultaneously verify the effectiveness of the post-processing. Engineering scale-up verification phase: Verify the adaptability and stability of the process in engineering applications, and solve engineering problems that may occur during batch filling.

[0036] Since the simulation verification method for filling a large-particle-size hybrid sphere bed in a fusion device TBM according to the second aspect of the present invention is verified using the simulation verification system for filling a large-particle-size hybrid sphere bed in a fusion device TBM according to the first aspect of the present invention, the simulation verification method for filling a large-particle-size hybrid sphere bed in a fusion device TBM according to the second aspect of the present invention has the following significant advantages: Simulated particles closely match real particles: the first time using Be... 12 The physical properties of Ti particles matched those of Be. 12 The use of simulated Ti particles and simulated Li2TiO3 particles with properties matching those of real Li2TiO3 particles reduces the deviation between the simulation results and the actual situation to less than 5%, which is far better than the more than 30% of existing simulation test systems.

[0037] The geometry is completely consistent with the real cladding: it accurately replicates all the complex structures of the TBM component, including cooling plates, corners and narrow channels, in a 1:1 ratio, reducing the deviation between experimental results and actual conditions to within 3%.

[0038] The system's process parameter optimization platform can quantitatively study the impact of different water-soluble paper structures, different feeding methods, and different vibration parameters on the filling effect, greatly shortening the process optimization cycle and improving optimization efficiency.

[0039] Solving the problem of gravity-fed material segregation: The layered filling unit has a material guiding function, which can effectively guide the particles to fall evenly and verify the filling process.

[0040] Significantly improved detection accuracy: It integrates multiple high-precision detection methods, and the accuracy of filling rate measurement, residual moisture detection sensitivity, and mixing uniformity detection accuracy all reach the level of the actual process, realizing the complete verification of the post-processing process.

[0041] Complete process validation capabilities: Integrating mixing, filling, vibration, water-soluble paper dissolution, filling rate determination, and residual moisture detection, it can complete the entire experimental process from material pretreatment to filling quality assessment, which is completely consistent with the actual filling process.

[0042] The entire filling process is visualized: The transparent simulation cladding device for TBM components adopts a fully transparent design and a real-time monitoring unit, which can intuitively observe the filling process, flow state, segregation, bridging formation process, and dissolution process of water-soluble paper, providing direct experimental evidence for the study of filling mechanism.

[0043] In some embodiments, the basic physical property verification phase includes: Experimental method: The Be was used respectively 12 Ti simulated particles, the Li2TiO3 simulated particles and the Be 12 The actual density, bulk density, angle of repose, wall friction coefficient, particle strength, and hygroscopicity of Ti real particles and Li2TiO3 real particles were tested. Each group of experiments was repeated multiple times, and the average value was taken. Iterative output: Establish a table of physical property correction coefficients for simulated particles and real particles to ensure that subsequent simulation results can accurately predict the behavior of real particles through correction coefficients; Basic flow characteristic verification, which includes: Gravity segregation characteristics verification: Using the same feeding method and vibration conditions, the degree of segregation between simulated mixed particles and real mixed particles was compared to verify that the deviation of the Lacey mixing index was <5%; Bridging characteristic verification: In the same geometry, the bridging rate of simulated mixed particles and real mixed particles was compared, and the deviation was <10%; Vibration compaction characteristic verification: Under the same vibration parameters, the filling rate of simulated mixed particles and real mixed particles was compared, and the deviation was <3%.

[0044] In some embodiments, during the single-factor parameter optimization stage, the control variable method is strictly followed, with only one parameter changed at a time while keeping other parameters unchanged. The parameters studied include material feeding parameter optimization, vibration parameter optimization, and stratification parameter optimization. The filling quality is quantitatively evaluated through the real-time monitoring unit and the mixing uniformity analysis unit.

[0045] In some embodiments, the engineering scale-up verification phase includes: Batch filling consistency verification: Conduct multiple complete filling experiments to verify the repeatability and stability of the process; verify the impact of different operators, different equipment conditions, and different environmental humidity on filling quality; Validation of complex geometries: Filling experiments were conducted on real TBM geometries containing cooling plates, stiffeners, corners, and narrow channels; the focus was on validating the mixing uniformity and fill rate in complex areas. Temporary top cover process verification: The temporary top cover was used for post-filling treatment; the full-process functions of filling rate determination, water-soluble paper dissolution, argon purging and residual moisture detection were verified; the interface compatibility and sealing performance of the temporary top cover and the permanent top cover were verified.

[0046] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0047] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the transparent simulation blanket device for TBM components in the TBM large particle size ratio mixed ball bed filling simulation verification system of the fusion device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an integrated module formed by the rear side plate and the first partition of the transparent simulated cladding device for TBM components; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of another integrated module formed by the front, left, and right side panels of the transparent simulation cladding device for TBM components; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the module assembly of a transparent simulation cladding device for TBM components; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the first cooling pipe simulator for a transparent cladding device of a TBM component; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional motion mixing unit in the TBM large particle size ratio hybrid sphere bed filling simulation verification system of the fusion device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the application scenario of the layered filling unit in the TBM large particle size ratio hybrid ball bed filling simulation verification system of the fusion device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8A top view of the material discharge port of the layered filling unit; Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a straight groove guide slot module for a layered filling unit; Figure 10 A schematic diagram of a sloping guide groove module for a layered filling unit; Figure 11 A schematic diagram of a grid-groove guide groove module for a layered filling unit.

[0048] Figure Labels TBM component transparent simulation cladding device 100; front side plate 10; rear side plate 11; left side plate 12; right side plate 13; bottom plate 14; first partition 15; first cooling pipe simulation component 16; three-dimensional motion mixing unit 200; bottom unloading position 20; layered filling unit 300; discharge port 30; guide groove module 31. Detailed Implementation

[0049] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0050] The following is combined Figures 1 to 11 This invention describes a simulation and verification system for a TBM (Temperature Mixture Bed) fusion device with a large particle size ratio, based on embodiments of the present invention. This system is particularly suitable for a large particle size ratio of 10:1 (Be...). 12 Visual observation, process parameter optimization, and quantitative evaluation of the filling effect of the mixed ball bed (Ti particle size 5mm: Li2TiO3 particle size 0.5mm) were conducted.

[0051] like Figures 1 to 11 As shown, the TBM large particle size ratio hybrid ball bed filling simulation verification system according to the first aspect of the present invention includes a non-water-absorbing simulated particle system, a TBM component transparent simulated cladding device 100, a three-dimensional motion mixing unit 200, a layered filling unit 300, a vibration control unit, a real-time monitoring unit, and a post-processing integrated experimental system.

[0052] Among them, the non-absorbent simulated particle system includes Be 12 The physical properties of Ti particles matched those of Be. 12 Simulated Ti particles and Li2TiO3 simulated particles with properties matching real Li2TiO3 particles can reduce the deviation between simulation results and reality to within 5%, which is far better than the more than 30% of existing simulation test systems.

[0053] The geometry, friction coefficient of the inner wall, and interfaces of the TBM module transparent simulation cladding device 100 are identical to those of the actual TBM module's ball bed geometry, inner wall friction coefficient, and interfaces. In other words, the geometry of the TBM module transparent simulation cladding device 100 is a 1:1 replica of the actual TBM module's ball bed geometry, thus reducing the deviation between experimental results and actual conditions to within 3%. All seams on the TBM module transparent simulation cladding device 100 are sealed, for example, using food-grade silicone rubber sealing rings, ensuring no particle leakage during the filling process.

[0054] The three-dimensional motion mixing unit 200 employs a combination of three-dimensional spatial oscillation, rotation, and translation, with a figure-eight motion trajectory. It uses bottom unloading, with an unloading time ≤10 seconds. The three-dimensional motion mixing unit 200 also features online monitoring of mixing uniformity. 12 A uniform mixture of Ti and Li₂TiO₃ simulated particles can be achieved without particle breakage, and similarly, it can also achieve the homogeneous mixing of Be particles. 12 The mixture of real Ti particles and real Li2TiO3 particles is uniformly mixed, preventing particle breakage. The mixing uniformity is monitored in real time via an online monitoring function. When the Lacey mixing index ≥ 0.97, the three-dimensional motion mixing unit 200 automatically stops mixing. The three-dimensional motion mixing unit 200 discharges from the bottom in ≤10 seconds to fill the TBM component's transparent simulation cladding device 100 with mixed particles, achieving layered filling.

[0055] The layered filling unit 300 is positioned below the bottom unloading position of the three-dimensional motion mixing unit 200, so that the mixed particles in the three-dimensional motion mixing unit 200 are filled into the transparent simulation cladding device 100 of the TBM component. The layered filling unit 300 has a material guiding function, which can effectively guide the particles to fall evenly, verify the filling process, and solve the problem of gravity-induced material segregation.

[0056] The vibration control unit is used to apply vibration to the transparent simulation cladding device 100 of the TBM module to make the filling layer inside the transparent simulation cladding device 100 dense. Specifically, each filling layer of mixed particles is vibrated by the vibration control unit to make the filling layer dense, and water-soluble paper is placed on the upper surface of the dense filling layer, thereby achieving physical separation between the layers of the mixed ball bed (i.e., physical separation between filling layers) to prevent bridging and segregation.

[0057] The real-time monitoring unit includes a high-speed camera module for real-time observation of the filling process, flow state, segregation, and bridging formation of the mixed particles, as well as the dissolution process of the water-soluble paper between the filling layers; a laser displacement sensor array for real-time measurement of the stacking height of each area; and a capacitive density sensor array for real-time measurement of the filling density of each area.

[0058] The post-processing integrated experimental system includes a water volume metering and filling rate determination system for measuring the filling rate after filling, an argon purging and drying and residual moisture detection system for purging and drying the interior of the transparent simulation cladding device 100 of the TBM module and detecting residual moisture, and a residue analysis system for measuring the dissolved residue content of water-soluble paper.

[0059] Compared with the prior art, the TBM large particle size ratio hybrid sphere bed filling simulation verification system of the fusion device according to the first aspect of the present invention has the following significant advantages: Simulated particles (i.e., Be) 12 Simulated Ti particles and simulated Li2TiO3 particles) compared with real particles (i.e., Be). 12 (Real Ti particles and real Li2TiO3 particles) are highly matched: the first time that Be has been used. 12 The physical properties of Ti particles matched those of Be. 12 The use of simulated Ti particles and simulated Li2TiO3 particles with properties matching those of real Li2TiO3 particles reduces the deviation between the simulation results and the actual situation to less than 5%, which is far better than the more than 30% of existing simulation test systems.

[0060] The geometry is completely consistent with the real cladding: it accurately replicates all the complex structures of the TBM component, including cooling plates, corners and narrow channels, in a 1:1 ratio, reducing the deviation between experimental results and actual conditions to within 3%.

[0061] Solving the problem of gravity-fed material segregation: The layered filling unit 300 has a material guiding function, which can effectively guide the particles to fall evenly and verify the filling process.

[0062] The system's process parameter optimization platform can quantitatively study the impact of different water-soluble paper structures, different feeding methods, and different vibration parameters on the filling effect, greatly shortening the process optimization cycle and improving optimization efficiency.

[0063] Significantly improved detection accuracy: It integrates multiple high-precision detection methods, and the accuracy of filling rate measurement, residual moisture detection sensitivity, and mixing uniformity detection accuracy all reach the level of the actual process, realizing the complete verification of the post-processing process.

[0064] Complete process validation capabilities: Integrating mixing, filling, vibration, water-soluble paper dissolution, filling rate determination, and residual moisture detection, it can complete the entire experimental process from material pretreatment to filling quality assessment, which is completely consistent with the actual filling process.

[0065] The entire filling process is visualized: The TBM component transparent simulation cladding device 100 adopts a fully transparent design and a real-time monitoring unit, which can intuitively observe the filling process, flow state, segregation, bridging phenomenon formation process and water-soluble paper dissolution process of the particles, providing direct experimental evidence for the study of filling mechanism.

[0066] The TBM large particle size ratio hybrid ball bed filling simulation verification system of the first aspect of the present invention proposes for the first time to use simulated particles with closed-cell porous properties (density, friction coefficient, sphericity are basically consistent with real particles, while eliminating water absorption and hygroscopicity). It innovatively designs a TBM component hybrid ball bed filling system verification platform, integrates a post-processing detection unit that is completely consistent with the actual filling process, and realizes full visualization of the filling process, systematic optimization of process parameters, and high-precision quantitative evaluation of filling effect.

[0067] In some embodiments, Be 12 Ti simulated particles and Be 12 The density, sphericity, coefficient of friction, and compressive strength of real Ti particles are consistent; the density, sphericity, and coefficient of friction of simulated Li2TiO3 particles are consistent with those of real Li2TiO3 particles. This reduces the deviation between the simulation results and real-world conditions to less than 5%, far exceeding the 30% or more of existing simulation systems.

[0068] In some embodiments, Be 12 Ti-simulated particles are made of closed-cell porous borosilicate glass beads. All open pores are sealed through a high-temperature sintering process, completely eliminating Be. 12 Ti simulates the water absorption and hygroscopicity of particles with a particle size of 5 mm and a density of 2.29 ± 0.02 g / cm³ (compared to Be). 12 Compared to the actual density of Ti particles (2.29 g / cm³), the deviation is <1%), the sphericity is ≥0.95, and the coefficient of friction with the 316LN stainless steel wall is μ=0.30±0.02 (compared to Be). 12 The coefficient of friction of Ti particles (μ=0.30) deviates by less than 1% compared to the 316LN stainless steel wall surface. The closed-cell structure ensures the particles are non-hygroscopic, and the coefficient of friction and flow characteristics are unaffected by ambient humidity, perfectly matching the dry properties of real particles. The compressive strength of the particles is ≥200MPa, comparable to Be. 12 The actual strength of Ti particles is comparable, and there is no risk of breakage during the filling vibration process.

[0069] The simulated Li2TiO3 particles are made of yttrium-stabilized zirconia beads with a particle size of 0.5 mm, a density of 3.30 ± 0.05 g / cm³ (a deviation of 0.6% compared to the density of simulated Li2TiO3 particles of 3.32 g / cm³), a sphericity ≥ 0.95, and a coefficient of friction μ = 0.29 ± 0.02 with the 316LN stainless steel wall (a deviation of 3.3% compared to the coefficient of friction μ = 0.30 of real Li2TiO3 particles).

[0070] By using simulated particles with the same density, coefficient of friction, and sphericity as real particles, a high degree of matching between simulated and real particles is achieved, completely eliminating the water absorption and hygroscopicity problems of traditional porous particles. This reduces the deviation between the simulation results and the real situation to less than 5%, which is more than 30% better than existing simulation test systems.

[0071] In some embodiments, Be 12 Ti simulated particles are transparent, while Li₂TiO₃ simulated particles are white. This facilitates identification and differentiation.

[0072] In some embodiments, the TBM component transparent simulation cladding device 100 has two structures: a fully modular and detachable device (see reference). Figures 1 to 5 ) and integrated high-temperature resistant device.

[0073] Among them, such as Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the fully modular detachable device is composed of a front side plate 10, a rear side plate 11, a left side plate 12, a right side plate 13, a bottom plate 14, a top plate (not shown in the figure), multiple sets of first partitions 15, and a first cooling pipe simulation component 16, all connected by stainless steel bolts. The rear side plate 11 and the multiple sets of first partitions 15 form one integrated module, while the left side plate 12, the front side plate 10, and the right side plate 13 form another integrated module. The fully modular detachable device facilitates disassembly, cleaning, and layered sampling, and is used for research on the filling process at room temperature.

[0074] The integrated high-temperature resistant device is formed by modularly installing multiple sets of second baffles and second cooling pipe simulation components within an integrated shell structure, and then mounting a top cover on the integrated shell structure. This integrated high-temperature resistant device is used for the verification of high-temperature post-processing techniques and can withstand argon purging at 150°C.

[0075] By employing two structural designs—a fully modular detachable device and an integrated high-temperature resistant device—the structure and process can be iteratively optimized.

[0076] In some embodiments, the fully modular detachable device uses a highly transparent cast acrylic sheet with a light transmittance ≥92% and a heat distortion temperature ≥90℃. The fully transparent design of the device provides high visibility, allowing for direct observation of the particle filling process, flow state, segregation, bridging formation, and the dissolution of water-soluble paper, providing direct experimental evidence for the study of the filling mechanism. Furthermore, the heat distortion temperature of the fully modular detachable device ≥90℃ makes it suitable for studying the filling process at room temperature.

[0077] The integrated high-temperature resistant device uses highly transparent quartz glass with a light transmittance of ≥93% and a long-term operating temperature of ≥1100℃. The top cover employs the same sealing method as a real TBM module, with additional sealing rings and a sealing pressure of ≥0.5MPa, used for verifying high-temperature post-processing techniques. It can withstand argon purging at 150℃. The fully transparent design of the integrated high-temperature resistant device provides high visibility, allowing direct observation of the particle filling process, flow state, segregation, bridging formation, and the dissolution of water-soluble paper, providing direct experimental evidence for the study of filling mechanisms. Furthermore, the integrated high-temperature resistant device's long-term operating temperature of ≥1100℃ and the top cover's sealing pressure of ≥0.5MPa make it suitable for verifying high-temperature post-processing techniques and can withstand argon purging at 150℃.

[0078] In some embodiments, all inner walls of the transparent simulated cladding device 100 for TBM components are mirror-polished with a surface roughness Ra≤0.8μm, consistent with the coefficient of friction (μ≈0.3) of the inner walls of a real TBM component, thereby reducing the impact of wall friction on particle distribution.

[0079] In some embodiments, such as Figure 6 As shown, the three-dimensional motion mixing unit 200 is made of 316LN stainless steel. The inner wall of the three-dimensional motion mixing unit 200 (i.e., the inner wall of the mixing chamber) is polished, with a surface roughness Ra≤0.8μm, to prevent particle damage when in contact with simulated or real particles. The bottom of the three-dimensional motion mixing unit 200 is equipped with a pneumatic quick-opening valve for easy control of unloading. The rotation speed of the three-dimensional motion mixing unit 200 is adjustable from 0-60rpm, with a control accuracy of ±1rpm, to prevent particle damage when mixing simulated particles or in contact with real particles.

[0080] In some embodiments, a capacitive sensor and a near-infrared sensor are installed on the inner wall of the three-dimensional motion mixing unit 200. The capacitive sensor and the near-infrared sensor monitor the mixing process in real time, wherein the capacitive sensor measures the density and the near-infrared sensor detects the particle ratio. When the Lacey mixing index is ≥0.97, the three-dimensional motion mixing unit 200 automatically stops mixing.

[0081] In some embodiments, such as Figure 7 As shown, the layered filling unit 300 feeds material into the transparent simulated cladding device 100 of the TBM component through vibration. The material feeding speed is adjustable from 0 to 1 kg / min, with a control accuracy of ±0.01 kg / min.

[0082] In some embodiments, such as Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the layered filling unit 300 includes a porous discharge port 30, which is located at the bottom discharge position 20 of the three-dimensional motion mixing unit 200. Multiple through holes of the discharge port 30 are evenly distributed within the same range as the width of the ball bed of the transparent simulation cladding of the TBM component, which can ensure that the particles are evenly distributed and avoid clogging.

[0083] In some embodiments, the drop height of the layered filling unit 300 is adjustable from 0 to 200 mm with a control accuracy of ±1 mm, so as to facilitate verification of the impact of the drop height on the filling process.

[0084] In some embodiments, the layered filling unit 300 includes a transparent, replaceable guide channel module 31 disposed below the discharge port 30. The guide channel module 31 is made of highly transparent acrylic material, and the guide channel module 31 can be located 50mm above the surface of the ball bed. The guide channel module 31 can effectively guide the particles to fall evenly, verify the filling process, and solve the problem of gravity-fed material segregation. The guide channel module 31 has high transparency, allowing for direct observation of the flow state of the particles within the channel.

[0085] In some embodiments, the guide groove module 31 has three structures, namely a straight groove guide groove module 31 extending in the vertical direction (e.g., Figure 9 As shown), the inclined groove type guide groove module 31 extends in the inclined direction (as shown). Figure 10 (as shown) and the grid-groove guide groove module 31 (as shown) Figure 11 (As shown).

[0086] Among them, the straight groove guide module 31 has a groove width of 7mm, a groove depth of 10mm, and a spacing of 7mm, which matches the diameter of large particles and avoids clogging. The inclined groove guide module 31 has a groove width of 7mm, a groove depth of 10mm, and an inclination angle of 15°, which promotes lateral mixing of particles. The grid groove guide module 31 has a grid size of 7mm×7mm square grids and a depth of 10mm, which evenly distributes particles.

[0087] By designing three interchangeable guide slot modules 31, comparative experiments can be conducted by quickly replacing them.

[0088] In some embodiments, the vibration control unit includes a piezoelectric ceramic precision vibration table, a digital vibration controller, and piezoelectric accelerometers. The piezoelectric ceramic precision vibration table is used to place the transparent simulation cladding device 100 of the TBM module. The rated thrust of the piezoelectric ceramic precision vibration table is 3000N, the frequency range is 0-100Hz, and the amplitude range is adjustable from 0-5mm. The digital vibration controller is used to realize various vibration modes such as sinusoidal vibration and random vibration, with a control accuracy of ±0.1Hz. There are six piezoelectric accelerometers, respectively arranged at the bottom, sides, and top of the transparent simulation cladding device 100 of the TBM module, with a measurement range of 0-100g and an accuracy of ±0.1g. The setting of this vibration control unit facilitates the optimization of the filling process.

[0089] In some embodiments, the high-speed camera module includes six high-speed cameras (shooting speed 2000fps, resolution 1920×1080), respectively arranged at the front, left, right, top, bottom, and sampling window of the TBM component transparent simulation cladding device 100; the high-speed cameras are equipped with a high-brightness LED cold light source illumination system with a color temperature of 6500K and no flicker. The high-speed cameras can observe the particle filling process, flow state, segregation, bridging formation process, and water-soluble paper dissolution process in real time; before the experiment, a standard calibration plate is used to correct image distortion to eliminate errors caused by the refraction of the transparent wall of the TBM component transparent simulation cladding device 100.

[0090] The laser displacement sensor array comprises laser displacement sensors arranged in an array at the top of the transparent simulation cladding device 100 of the TBM module. Specifically, 16 laser displacement sensors (measuring range 0-1000mm, accuracy ±0.01mm) are evenly arranged in a 4×4 array at the top of the transparent simulation cladding device 100 of the TBM module. The laser displacement sensors can measure the stacking height of each area in real time. Before measurement, the measurement results are corrected according to the refractive index of the transparent plate to eliminate errors caused by the refraction of the transparent wall of the transparent simulation cladding device 100 of the TBM module.

[0091] The capacitive density sensor array includes capacitive density sensing containers arranged at different heights and positions within the transparent simulated cladding device 100 of the TBM component. Specifically, 32 capacitive density sensors (measuring range 0-3 g / cm³, accuracy ±0.01 g / cm³) are arranged in a 4×4×2 array at different heights and positions within the simulated cladding. The capacitive density sensing containers monitor the filling density of the corresponding area in real time, and automatically issue an early warning when the density deviation exceeds ±3%.

[0092] In some embodiments, the water volume metering and filling rate determination system includes: a high-precision metering container and an ultrapure water supply system.

[0093] A high-precision metering container is used to collect and measure the water volume discharged from the transparent simulation cladding device 100 of the TBM module. The high-precision metering container has a measuring range of 50L and an accuracy of ±1mL. The ultrapure water supply system uses pure water with a resistivity ≥18.2MΩ. cm, water temperature control accuracy ±1℃; since the closed-cell porous simulated particles have no water absorption characteristics, no additional water absorption correction is required. After adding water to the transparent simulated coating device 100 of the TBM component and then draining it into the high-precision metering container, the volume measurement can be completed quickly, thereby realizing the accurate measurement of the effective volume of the ball bed and calculating the overall filling rate. The measurement accuracy is ±0.5%.

[0094] The argon purging drying and residual moisture detection system uses a high-purity argon gas source with a purity ≥99.999% and a dew point ≤-70℃. The heating system can heat the high-purity argon gas to 150℃±5℃. The high-precision pressure sensor in the system has a measurement range of 0-0.2MPa and an accuracy of ±1Pa. The temperature sensor has a measurement range of 0-200℃ and an accuracy of ±0.1℃.

[0095] Closed-pore porous simulated particles do not adsorb water through pores. The purging process only removes free residual water in the pores of the ball bed, which is completely consistent with the detection target of the real TBM process. The argon purging drying and residual moisture detection system is used to verify the argon purging drying process and quantitatively detects the residual moisture in the ball bed based on the ideal gas law.

[0096] The residue analysis system is equipped with a 0.22μm precision filter for collecting dissolved water-soluble paper residues; the electronic analytical balance in the system has an accuracy of ±0.01mg. The residue analysis system can accurately measure the dissolved residue content of water-soluble paper and verify the purity of nuclear industry-grade water-soluble paper.

[0097] The second aspect of this invention proposes a simulation verification method for filling a mixed ball bed with a large particle size ratio in a fusion device TBM.

[0098] The method for simulating and verifying the filling of a TBM (Turbine Busbar) hybrid sphere bed with a large particle size ratio according to a second aspect of the present invention is performed using the simulation and verification system for the filling of a TBM with a large particle size ratio hybrid sphere bed according to a first aspect of the present invention, including: Basic property verification stage: Verify the reliability of the non-absorbent simulated particle system, establish the property mapping relationship between simulated particles and real particles, and provide basic data support for subsequent experiments; Single-factor parameter optimization stage: The independent influence of each process parameter on the filling quality is studied in a systematic way, and the optimal value range of each parameter is determined, so as to provide a basis for multi-factor coupled optimization. Multi-factor coupling optimization stage: This stage investigates the interactions between various process parameters, establishes a filling quality prediction model, and determines the globally optimal combination of process parameters. Full-process validation phase: Verify the stability and reliability of the optimized process parameters throughout the complete filling process, and simultaneously verify the effectiveness of the post-processing. Engineering scale-up verification phase: Verify the adaptability and stability of the process in engineering applications, and solve engineering problems that may occur during batch filling.

[0099] Since the simulation verification method for filling a large-particle-size hybrid sphere bed in a fusion device TBM according to the second aspect of the present invention is verified using the simulation verification system for filling a large-particle-size hybrid sphere bed in a fusion device TBM according to the first aspect of the present invention, the simulation verification method for filling a large-particle-size hybrid sphere bed in a fusion device TBM according to the second aspect of the present invention has the following significant advantages: Simulated particles closely match real particles: the first time using Be... 12 The physical properties of Ti particles matched those of Be. 12 The use of simulated Ti particles and simulated Li2TiO3 particles with properties matching those of real Li2TiO3 particles reduces the deviation between the simulation results and the actual situation to less than 5%, which is far better than the more than 30% of existing simulation test systems.

[0100] The geometry is completely consistent with the real cladding: it accurately replicates all the complex structures of the TBM component, including cooling plates, corners and narrow channels, in a 1:1 ratio, reducing the deviation between experimental results and actual conditions to within 3%.

[0101] Solving the problem of gravity-fed material segregation: The layered filling unit 300 has a material guiding function, which can effectively guide the particles to fall evenly and verify the filling process.

[0102] The system's process parameter optimization platform can quantitatively study the impact of different water-soluble paper structures, different feeding methods, and different vibration parameters on the filling effect, greatly shortening the process optimization cycle and improving optimization efficiency.

[0103] Significantly improved detection accuracy: It integrates multiple high-precision detection methods, and the accuracy of filling rate measurement, residual moisture detection sensitivity, and mixing uniformity detection accuracy all reach the level of the actual process, realizing the complete verification of the post-processing process.

[0104] Complete process validation capabilities: Integrating mixing, filling, vibration, water-soluble paper dissolution, filling rate determination, and residual moisture detection, it can complete the entire experimental process from material pretreatment to filling quality assessment, which is completely consistent with the actual filling process.

[0105] The entire filling process is visualized: The TBM component transparent simulation cladding device 100 adopts a fully transparent design and a real-time monitoring unit, which can intuitively observe the filling process, flow state, segregation, bridging phenomenon formation process and water-soluble paper dissolution process of the particles, providing direct experimental evidence for the study of filling mechanism.

[0106] In some embodiments, the basic physical property verification phase includes: Experimental method: Be was used respectively 12 Ti simulated particles, Li2TiO3 simulated particles and Be 12 The actual density, bulk density, angle of repose, wall friction coefficient, particle strength, and hygroscopicity of Ti real particles and Li2TiO3 real particles were tested. Each group of experiments was repeated multiple times, and the average value was taken.

[0107] Iterative output: Establish a table of physical property correction coefficients for simulated particles and real particles to ensure that subsequent simulation results can accurately predict the behavior of real particles through correction coefficients.

[0108] Basic flow characteristics verification, which includes: Gravity segregation characteristics verification: Using the same feeding method and vibration conditions, the degree of segregation of simulated mixed particles and real mixed particles was compared to verify that the deviation of the Lacey mixing index was <5%.

[0109] Bridging characteristics verification: In the same geometry, the bridging rate of simulated mixed particles and real mixed particles was compared, and the deviation was <10%.

[0110] Vibration compaction characteristic verification: Under the same vibration parameters, the filling rate of simulated mixed particles and real mixed particles was compared, and the deviation was <3%.

[0111] This method can verify the reliability of the non-absorbent simulated particle system, establish the physical property mapping relationship between simulated particles and real particles, and provide basic data support for subsequent experiments. In some embodiments, during the single-factor parameter optimization stage, the controlled variable method is strictly followed, changing only one parameter at a time while keeping other parameters constant. The studied parameters include material feeding parameter optimization, vibration parameter optimization, and stratification parameter optimization. The filling quality is quantitatively evaluated through a real-time monitoring unit and a mixing uniformity analysis unit.

[0112] This method allows for a systematic study of the independent influence of various process parameters on filling quality, determining the optimal value range for each parameter, and providing a foundation for multi-factor coupled optimization.

[0113] In some embodiments, the engineering scale-up verification phase includes: Batch filling consistency verification: Conduct multiple complete filling experiments to verify the repeatability and stability of the process; verify the impact of different operators, different equipment conditions, and different environmental humidity on filling quality.

[0114] Verification of complex geometries: Filling experiments were conducted in real TBM geometries containing cooling plates, stiffeners, corners, and narrow channels; the focus was on verifying the mixing uniformity and fill rate in complex areas.

[0115] Temporary top cover process verification: The temporary top cover was used for post-filling treatment; the full-process functions of filling rate determination, water-soluble paper dissolution, argon purging and residual moisture detection were verified; the interface compatibility and sealing performance of the temporary top cover and the permanent top cover were verified.

[0116] Batch filling consistency verification, complex geometry verification, and temporary top cover process verification are conducted to verify the adaptability and stability of the process in engineering applications and to solve engineering problems that may arise during batch filling.

[0117] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A simulation and verification system for filling a TBM (Turbine Busbar) fusion device with a large particle size ratio mixed sphere bed, characterized in that, include: Non-absorbent simulated particle system, the non-absorbent simulated particle system comprising Be 12 The physical properties of Ti particles matched those of Be. 12 Ti simulated particles and Li2TiO3 simulated particles with physical properties matched to real Li2TiO3 particles; The transparent cladding device for TBM modules has the same geometry, friction coefficient of the inner wall, and interfaces as the ball bed geometry, friction coefficient of the inner wall, and interfaces of the real TBM module; all seams on the transparent cladding device for TBM modules are sealed connections. The three-dimensional motion mixing unit employs a combination of three-dimensional spatial oscillation, rotation, and translation, with a figure-eight motion trajectory. The unit utilizes bottom unloading and features online monitoring of mixing uniformity. A layered filling unit is arranged below the bottom unloading position of the three-dimensional motion mixing unit so that the mixed particles in the three-dimensional motion mixing unit are filled into the transparent simulation coating device of the TBM component; the layered filling unit has a material dropping guide function. A vibration control unit is used to apply vibration to the transparent simulated cladding device of the TBM component to make the filling layer inside the transparent simulated cladding device of the TBM component dense; The real-time monitoring unit includes a high-speed camera module for real-time observation of the filling process, flow state, segregation, and bridging formation of the mixed particles, as well as the dissolution process of the water-soluble paper between the filling layers; a laser displacement sensor array for real-time measurement of the stacking height of each region; and a capacitive density sensor array for real-time measurement of the filling density of each region. The post-processing process integrated experimental system includes a water volume metering and filling rate determination system for measuring the filling rate after filling, an argon purging and drying and residual moisture detection system for purging and drying the inside of the transparent simulation cladding device of the TBM component and detecting residual moisture, and a residue analysis system for measuring the dissolved residue content of water-soluble paper. The Be 12 Ti simulated particles and Be 12 The density, sphericity, coefficient of friction, and compressive strength of the real Ti particles are consistent; the density, sphericity, and coefficient of friction of the simulated Li2TiO3 particles are consistent with those of the real Li2TiO3 particles.

2. The TBM (Telematics Machine Tool) large particle size ratio mixed sphere bed filling simulation verification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Be 12 The Ti simulated particles are closed-cell porous high borosilicate glass beads with a particle size of 5 mm, a density of 2.29±0.02 g / cm³, a sphericity ≥0.95, a friction coefficient μ=0.30±0.02 with the 316LN stainless steel wall, and a particle compressive strength ≥200MPa. The Li2TiO3 simulated particles are yttrium-stabilized zirconia beads with a particle size of 0.5 mm, a density of 3.30 ± 0.05 g / cm³, a sphericity ≥ 0.95, and a friction coefficient μ = 0.29 ± 0.02 with the 316LN stainless steel wall.

3. The TBM (Taiwan Fusion Machine) large particle size ratio mixed sphere bed filling simulation verification system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The Be 12 The Ti simulated particles are transparent, while the Li2TiO3 simulated particles are white.

4. The TBM (Telematics Machine Tool) large particle size ratio mixed sphere bed filling simulation verification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transparent simulation cladding device for the TBM component has two structures: a fully modular and detachable device and an integrated high-temperature resistant device. The fully modular detachable device is composed of a front side plate, a rear side plate, a left side plate, a right side plate, a bottom plate, a top plate, and multiple sets of first partition plates and first cooling pipe simulation components connected by stainless steel bolts. The integrated high-temperature resistant device is formed by modularly installing multiple sets of second partitions and second cooling pipe simulation components within an integrated shell structure, and installing a top cover on the integrated shell structure.

5. The TBM (Temperature Mixture Bed) fusion device large particle size ratio hybrid sphere bed filling simulation verification system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fully modular detachable device uses a high-transparency cast acrylic sheet with a light transmittance ≥92% and a heat distortion temperature ≥90℃. The integrated high-temperature resistant device uses highly transparent quartz glass with a light transmittance of ≥93% and a long-term operating temperature of ≥1100℃. The top cover adopts the same sealing method as the actual TBM component, with additional sealing rings and a sealing pressure of ≥0.5MPa. It is used for verification of high-temperature post-processing and can withstand argon purging at 150℃.

6. The TBM (Telematics Machine Tool) large particle size ratio mixed sphere bed filling simulation verification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-dimensional motion mixing unit is made of 316LN stainless steel. The inner wall of the three-dimensional motion mixing unit is polished, and the surface roughness Ra≤0.8μm. The bottom of the three-dimensional motion mixing unit is equipped with a pneumatic quick-opening valve, and the unloading time is ≤10 seconds. The rotation speed range of the three-dimensional motion mixing unit is adjustable from 0-60rpm, and the control accuracy is ±1rpm.

7. The TBM (Turbine Machine Tool) large particle size ratio mixed sphere bed filling simulation verification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the three-dimensional motion hybrid unit is equipped with capacitive sensors and near-infrared sensors.

8. The TBM (Taiwan Fusion Machine) large particle size ratio mixed sphere bed filling simulation verification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The layered filling unit feeds material into the transparent simulated cladding device of the TBM component through vibration. The material feeding speed is adjustable from 0 to 1 kg / min, with a control accuracy of ±0.01 kg / min.

9. The TBM (Taiwan Fusion Machine) large particle size ratio mixed sphere bed filling simulation verification system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The layered filling unit includes a porous discharge port, which is located at the bottom unloading position of the three-dimensional motion mixing unit. Multiple through holes of the discharge port are evenly distributed within a range that is the same as the width of the ball bed of the transparent simulation cladding of the TBM component.

10. The TBM (Temperature Mixture Bed) Filling Simulation and Verification System for Fusion Devices according to claim 9, characterized in that, The drop height of the layered filling unit is adjustable from 0 to 200 mm, with a control accuracy of ±1 mm.

11. The TBM (Taiwan Fusion Machine) large particle size ratio mixed sphere bed filling simulation verification system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The layered filling unit includes a transparent guide groove module that is detachably disposed below the discharge port.

12. The TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) large particle size ratio mixed sphere bed filling simulation verification system according to claim 11, characterized in that, The guide groove module has three structures: a straight groove guide groove module extending in the vertical direction, an inclined groove guide groove module extending in the inclined direction, and a grid groove guide groove module.

13. The TBM (Taiwan Fusion Machine) large particle size ratio mixed sphere bed filling simulation verification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vibration control unit includes a piezoelectric ceramic precision vibration table, a digital vibration controller, and a piezoelectric accelerometer; the piezoelectric ceramic precision vibration table is used to place the transparent simulation cladding device of the TBM component, and the rated thrust of the piezoelectric ceramic precision vibration table is 3000N, the frequency range is 0-100Hz, and the amplitude range is adjustable from 0-5mm. The digital vibration controller is used to implement multiple vibration modes with a control accuracy of ±0.1Hz; The piezoelectric accelerometers are respectively arranged at the bottom, sides and top of the transparent simulation cladding device of the TBM component, with a measurement range of 0-100g and an accuracy of ±0.1g.

14. The TBM (Taiwan Fusion Machine) large particle size ratio mixed sphere bed filling simulation verification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-speed camera module includes high-speed cameras respectively arranged on the front, left, right, top, bottom and sampling window of the transparent simulation cladding device of the TBM component; the high-speed cameras are equipped with a high-brightness LED cold light source illumination system, which is flicker-free; the laser displacement sensor array includes laser displacement sensors arranged in an array at the top of the transparent simulation cladding device of the TBM component; the capacitive density sensor array includes capacitive density sensing containers arranged in an array at different heights and positions within the transparent simulation cladding device of the TBM component.

15. The TBM (Turbometallurgical reactor) large particle size ratio mixed sphere bed filling simulation verification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water volume metering and filling rate measurement system includes: a high-precision metering container and an ultrapure water supply system; the high-precision metering container is used to collect and measure the water volume discharged from the transparent simulation cladding device of the TBM module, and the high-precision metering container has a range of 50L and an accuracy of ±1mL; the ultrapure water supply system uses pure water with a resistivity ≥18.2MΩ. cm, water temperature control accuracy ±1℃; The argon purging drying and residual moisture detection system uses a high-purity argon gas source with a purity ≥99.999% and a dew point ≤-70℃. The heating system in the argon purging drying and residual moisture detection system can heat the high-purity argon gas to 150℃±5℃. The high-precision pressure sensor in the argon purging drying and residual moisture detection system has a measurement range of 0-0.2MPa and an accuracy of ±1Pa. The temperature sensor in the argon purging drying and residual moisture detection system has a measurement range of 0-200℃ and an accuracy of ±0.1℃. The residue analysis system is equipped with a 0.22μm precision filter for collecting dissolved water-soluble paper residue; the electronic analytical balance of the residue analysis system has an accuracy of ±0.01mg.

16. A method for simulating and verifying the filling of a TBM (Turbine Busbar) hybrid sphere bed with a large particle size ratio, characterized in that... The verification was performed using the TBM large particle size ratio hybrid sphere bed filling simulation verification system for fusion devices according to any one of claims 1-15, including: Basic property verification stage: Verify the reliability of the non-absorbent simulated particle system, establish the property mapping relationship between simulated particles and real particles, and provide basic data support for subsequent experiments; Single-factor parameter optimization stage: The independent influence of each process parameter on the filling quality is studied in a systematic way, and the optimal value range of each parameter is determined, so as to provide a basis for multi-factor coupled optimization. Multi-factor coupling optimization stage: This stage investigates the interactions between various process parameters, establishes a filling quality prediction model, and determines the globally optimal combination of process parameters. Full-process validation phase: Verify the stability and reliability of the optimized process parameters throughout the complete filling process, and simultaneously verify the effectiveness of the post-processing. Engineering scale-up verification phase: Verify the adaptability and stability of the process in engineering applications, and solve engineering problems that may occur during batch filling.

17. The simulation verification method for filling a TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) large particle size ratio mixed sphere bed according to claim 16, characterized in that, The basic physical property verification stage includes: Experimental method: The Be method was used respectively. 12 Ti simulated particles, the Li2TiO3 simulated particles and the Be 12 The actual density, bulk density, angle of repose, wall friction coefficient, particle strength, and hygroscopicity of Ti real particles and Li2TiO3 real particles were tested. Each group of experiments was repeated multiple times, and the average value was taken. Iterative output: Establish a table of physical property correction coefficients for simulated particles and real particles to ensure that subsequent simulation results can accurately predict the behavior of real particles through correction coefficients; Basic flow characteristic verification, which includes: Gravity segregation characteristics verification: Using the same feeding method and vibration conditions, the degree of segregation between simulated mixed particles and real mixed particles was compared to verify that the deviation of the Lacey mixing index was <5%; Bridging characteristic verification: In the same geometry, the bridging rate of simulated mixed particles and real mixed particles was compared, and the deviation was <10%; Vibration compaction characteristic verification: Under the same vibration parameters, the filling rate of simulated mixed particles and real mixed particles was compared, and the deviation was <3%.

18. The simulation verification method for filling a TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) large particle size ratio mixed sphere bed according to claim 16, characterized in that, In the single-factor parameter optimization stage, the control variable method is strictly followed, and only one parameter is changed at a time while keeping other parameters unchanged. The parameters studied include material feeding parameter optimization, vibration parameter optimization, and stratification parameter optimization. The filling quality is quantitatively evaluated through the real-time monitoring unit and the mixing uniformity analysis unit.

19. The simulation verification method for filling a TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) large particle size ratio mixed sphere bed according to claim 16, characterized in that, The engineering scale-up and verification phase includes: Batch filling consistency verification: Conduct multiple complete filling experiments to verify the repeatability and stability of the process; verify the impact of different operators, different equipment conditions, and different environmental humidity on filling quality; Validation of complex geometries: Filling experiments were conducted on real TBM geometries containing cooling plates, stiffeners, corners, and narrow channels; the focus was on validating the mixing uniformity and fill rate in complex areas. Temporary top cover process verification: The temporary top cover was used for post-filling treatment; the full-process functions of filling rate determination, water-soluble paper dissolution, argon purging and residual moisture detection were verified; the interface compatibility and sealing performance of the temporary top cover and the permanent top cover were verified.

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