A multi-directional ion manipulation device and method

Abstract

The application discloses a multi-direction ion manipulation device and method. The multi-direction ion manipulation device comprises a migration area for controlling ions to migrate in multiple directions; the migration area comprises an upper electrode plate and a lower electrode plate, and the upper electrode plate and the lower electrode plate are both composed of radio frequency electrodes and adaptive electrodes staggered with each other, and the adaptive electrodes comprise traveling wave electrodes and potential barrier electrodes; wherein the radio frequency electrodes are used for restricting the up-and-down migration of the ions, the traveling wave electrodes are used for pushing the ions to migrate, and the potential barrier electrodes are used for changing the migration direction of the ions; and a current monitoring module is connected with the migration area and is used for detecting the ion distribution and adjusting the adaptive electrodes in real time, so as to manipulate the multi-direction migration of the ions through the potential barrier electrodes. The application can realize the multi-direction migration manipulation of the ions, and at the same time, the dependence on hardware devices is reduced, so that the flexibility of the ion manipulation device is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of ion migration detection technology, and in particular relates to a multidirectional ion manipulation device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Ion mobility spectrometry is an important separation and detection technique in the chemical analysis of complex samples, and it has been widely used in the field of rapid on-site detection of trace substances such as chemical warfare agents, explosives, drugs and environmental pollutants.

[0003] In existing technologies, ion manipulation structures typically consist of two sets of parallel electrode plates, each integrating multiple sets of radio frequency electrodes and traveling wave electrodes, with guard electrodes on both sides. This structure relies on the guard electrodes on both sides to achieve ion confinement and on the traveling wave electric field to achieve directional driving, enabling long-distance lossless transport and separation of ions.

[0004] However, the ion transport direction of existing ion manipulation structures cannot be changed after the design is completed. They can only be changed by altering the electrode plate structure, which is significantly limited by hardware and cannot guarantee the flexibility of ion manipulation structures in complex systems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-directional ion manipulation device and method, thereby reducing reliance on hardware devices while achieving multi-directional ion transport, thus improving the flexibility of the ion manipulation device.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention discloses the following technical solution: A first aspect of the present invention provides a multidirectional ion manipulation device, comprising: The migration region is used to control the multi-directional migration of ions; the migration region includes an upper electrode plate and a lower electrode plate, both of which are composed of alternating radio frequency electrodes and adaptive electrodes, the adaptive electrodes including traveling wave electrodes and barrier electrodes; The radio frequency electrode is used to constrain the vertical migration of ions, the traveling wave electrode is used to promote ion migration, and the barrier electrode is used to change the direction of ion migration. A current monitoring module, connected to the migration region, is used to detect ion distribution and adjust the adaptive electrode in real time to manipulate ion migration in multiple directions through the barrier electrode.

[0007] Optionally, the current monitoring module includes: A Faraday disk array, connected to the upper and lower electrode plates, is used to generate current through ion bombardment; A multi-stage amplifier, connected to the Faraday disk array, is used to amplify the current generated by ion bombardment; The first multiplexer, connected to the multi-stage amplifier, is used to determine the location of current generation and output a digital signal; A microcontroller, connected to the first multiplexer, is used to receive digital signals and generate control signals based on control instructions to adjust the adaptive electrodes in real time.

[0008] Optionally, the current monitoring module further includes: The second multiplexer, connected to the microcontroller, is used to adjust the adaptive electrode voltage in real time according to the control signal to generate a barrier electrode to change the direction of ion migration. A digital switch, connected to the second multiplexer, is used to adjust the adaptive electrode voltage.

[0009] Optional, also includes: The sample introduction device is used to input the sample to be tested; The ionization region, connected to the output of the sample introduction device, is used to receive the sample to be tested and ionize it to generate ions corresponding to the sample to be tested. An ionization gate, connected to the ionization region, is used to control ions to leave the ionization region.

[0010] Optionally, the adaptive electrode further includes a protective electrode for constraining the lateral migration of ions.

[0011] Optionally, the ionization gate is used to periodically control ion output to generate discrete ion pulses.

[0012] Optional, also includes: An ion receiving disk, the position of which can be flexibly adjusted according to the direction of ion migration.

[0013] Optionally, after entering the migration region through the ion gate, the ions are located in the equipotential region between the upper and lower electrode plates; during the migration process, the ions randomly diffuse to both sides, spontaneously forming two ion streams, one above the other.

[0014] Secondly, the present invention provides a multi-directional ion manipulation method, comprising: A multi-directional ion manipulation method, characterized in that it includes: Enter the sample to be tested; The sample to be tested is ionized to generate ions corresponding to the sample to be tested; Ions are introduced into the migration region, and the ion distribution is detected; The upper and lower electrode plates, which consist of alternating radio frequency electrodes and adaptive electrodes, are controlled to drive ion migration and change the direction of ion migration.

[0015] The effects described in the invention are merely those of the embodiments, and not all the effects of the invention. One of the above technical solutions has the following advantages or beneficial effects: According to the present invention, by setting a migration region with upper and lower electrode plates and a current monitoring module, the upper and lower electrode plates are arranged with radio frequency electrodes and adaptive electrodes in a cross arrangement. With the help of the current monitoring module, the adaptive electrodes are adjusted to change the ion migration direction through the barrier electrode. Thus, the ion transport path can be changed by the adaptive electrode without bending the physical electrode plate. This breaks away from the limitation of traditional ion migration structures that rely on mechanical deformation guidance, and realizes the precise manipulation of ions in the planar electrode plate structure with multiple paths and dynamic control.

[0016] Furthermore, by configuring a layered hardware architecture for the current monitoring module and the layout of the upper and lower boards of the migration area, the electrode layout is simplified and the overall size of the device is reduced, thereby reducing the dependence of ion orientation manipulation on hardware devices and achieving the application effect of low power consumption and significantly improved ion manipulation flexibility. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the specification, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0018] Figure 1 A block diagram of a typical ion migration region electrode plate is shown. Figure 2 A structural block diagram of a multidirectional ion manipulation device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 3 A structural block diagram of a migration region electrode plate according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 4 A structural block diagram of a current monitoring module according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 5 A structural block diagram of a Faraday disk array according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 6 A simulation result diagram of propagation in the X direction is shown; Figure 7 A simulation result diagram of propagation in the Y direction is shown; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of an ion turning simulation is shown; Figure 9 A schematic flowchart of a multidirectional ion manipulation method according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; In the diagram: 1-RF electrode positive RF+, 2-RF electrode negative RF-, 3-Traveling wave electrode TW, 4-Guard board. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 1 A typical block diagram of an ion migration region electrode plate is shown. Figure 1 As shown, the two sides of the electrode plate are Guard plates 4, and the inside of the Guard plates 4 are the positive and negative radio frequency electrodes RF+1 and RF-2 and the traveling wave electrode TW3.

[0021] Radio frequency voltages 1 and 2 are used to form a symmetrical periodic potential well between the upper and lower electrodes, confining ions to the central region between the electrodes and preventing ions from diffusing and colliding with the upper and lower electrodes, thus avoiding ion loss. Traveling wave electrodes are arranged in segments along the ion transport direction and are used to generate a traveling wave electric field by applying a driving voltage, providing directional propulsion for the ions and driving them to move along a set path. The Guard4 plate is used for mechanical support, cavity sealing, and electric field shielding to prevent ion leakage.

[0022] After entering the migration region from the left, the ions are first constrained between the two plates by the potential well formed by the radio frequency electrodes 1 and 2. Then, under the action of the propulsion electric field generated by the traveling wave electrode 3, they move horizontally to the right exit and are finally output from the end of the migration region.

[0023] However, this structure relies on the Guard plate 4 and the radio frequency electrodes 1 and 2 to achieve dual constraint of ions in the lateral and vertical directions, and relies on the electric field of the traveling wave electrode 3 to achieve directional drive. It can only support ions to transport along a single fixed path, and has poor directional flexibility.

[0024] Therefore, existing technologies can only achieve fixed-directional ion migration without changing the hardware structure, and longer hardware structures can only achieve a low degree of structural change, making them unsuitable for complex systems. To address these issues, this invention proposes a multi-directional ion manipulation scheme that enables multi-directional ion migration and reduces dependence on hardware devices.

[0025] Figure 2 A structural block diagram of a multidirectional ion manipulation device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 2As shown, the multi-directional ion manipulation device includes: a migration region for controlling ions to migrate in multiple directions; the migration region includes an upper electrode plate and a lower electrode plate, both of which are composed of alternating radio frequency electrodes and adaptive electrodes, the adaptive electrodes including traveling wave electrodes and barrier electrodes; wherein, the radio frequency electrodes are used to constrain the vertical migration of ions, the traveling wave electrodes are used to drive the migration of ions, and the barrier electrodes are used to change the direction of ion migration; a current monitoring module, connected to the migration region, is used to detect ion distribution and adjust the adaptive electrodes in real time to manipulate the multi-directional migration of ions through the barrier electrodes.

[0026] In addition, the multi-directional ion manipulation device also includes: a sample introduction device for inputting the sample to be tested; an ionization region connected to the output end of the sample introduction device for receiving the sample to be tested and ionizing it to generate ions corresponding to the sample to be tested; and an ionization gate connected to the ionization region for controlling the ions to leave the ionization region.

[0027] The inventors of this application realized that traditional migration zone electrode plates can only achieve ion migration in one direction. To change the direction of ion migration, the Guard plate and other electrode plates need to be forcibly bent. This method of changing the hardware structure cannot be flexibly applied to various scenarios. Moreover, the bulkier the hardware structure, the greater its power loss will be, and it is also inconvenient for scene transportation.

[0028] Therefore, the inventors of this application wish to improve the structure of the ion migration device. Without making significant modifications to ensure the improvement cost, the inventors decided to remove the guard plate used to confine ions between plates in the traditional design, and use an adaptive electrode including a radio frequency electrode, a traveling wave electrode, and a barrier electrode to control the ion migration direction. Ion distribution detection is performed in the migration region, and the current monitoring module is used to obtain the ion position in real time and control the adaptive electrode voltage. In order to achieve multi-directional ion migration through the combined action of the traveling wave electrode and the barrier electrode, the improvement effect is achieved.

[0029] The inventors of this application have broken away from the rigid thinking of "mechanical structure adapting to ion path" and overcome the limitations of existing technologies that rely on guard plates to achieve ion confinement and hardware deformation to achieve path change. With lightweight electrode arrangement optimization and software-based closed-loop electric field control as the core improvements, multi-directional controllable ion migration can be achieved without bending physical plates, which greatly reduces the size and power loss of the device, while improving the flexibility and adaptability of ion path control and achieving technical effects that exceed traditional improvement ideas.

[0030] In addition, the current monitoring module connected to the migration region detects the ion distribution in real time and dynamically adjusts the adaptive electrode according to the ion distribution position and preset migration, so as to adjust the adaptive electrode into a traveling wave electrode and a barrier electrode in real time, thereby manipulating the multi-directional migration of ions and changing the ion transport path. This enables directional aggregation, path correction and multi-directional controllable migration of ions, without relying on a physically bent electrode structure, thus achieving flexible control of the ion transport direction.

[0031] Figure 3 A structural block diagram of a migration region electrode plate according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 3 As shown, the electrode plate consists of alternating radio frequency (RF) electrodes and adaptive electrodes. The red area represents the RF electrodes, the yellow area represents the adaptive electrodes, the purple area represents the traveling wave electrodes generated by adjusting the adaptive electrodes, and the black area represents the barrier electrodes generated by adjusting the adaptive electrodes.

[0032] Specifically, the eight electrodes of the traveling wave electrode are all set with a 17V, 1kHz square wave voltage, with phases from left to right at 0°, 45°, 90°..., 315°, respectively. The barrier electrode is set at 50V. When ions enter the traveling wave electrode and approach the barrier electrode, the ions cannot pass through because the left and forward channels are set as barrier electrodes. At the same time, the right side electrodes are set as traveling wave electrodes, and the ions can be effectively transported to the right under the propulsion of the traveling wave, thus achieving lateral transport.

[0033] Similarly, the current monitoring device can control the voltage of the adaptive electrodes in other areas, enabling the reconstruction of ion transport paths in any direction.

[0034] According to the present invention, by setting a migration region with upper and lower electrode plates and a current monitoring module, the upper and lower electrode plates are arranged with radio frequency electrodes and adaptive electrodes in a cross arrangement. With the help of the current monitoring module, the adaptive electrodes are adjusted to change the ion migration direction through the barrier electrode. Thus, the ion transport path can be changed by the adaptive electrode without bending the physical electrode plate. This breaks away from the limitation of traditional ion migration structures that rely on mechanical deformation guidance, and realizes the precise manipulation of ions in the planar electrode plate structure with multiple paths and dynamic control.

[0035] In some embodiments, the adaptive electrode further includes a protective electrode for constraining the lateral migration of ions.

[0036] In this embodiment, when ions tend to diffuse outward or to the left or right, a confining potential well is formed by adapting the radio frequency electrode and the protection electrode, which stably confines the ions within the transmission channel of the traveling wave electrode, avoiding ion diffusion collisions that cause losses. Efficient and controllable ion transmission can be achieved without adding physical barriers.

[0037] Figure 4A structural block diagram of a current monitoring module according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The current monitoring module includes: a Faraday disk array connected to the upper electrode plate and the lower electrode plate for generating current through ion bombardment; a multi-stage amplifier connected to the Faraday disk array for amplifying the current generated by ion bombardment; a first multiplexer connected to the multi-stage amplifier for determining the location of current generation and outputting a digital signal; and a microcontroller connected to the first multiplexer for receiving the digital signal and generating a control signal based on control instructions to adjust the adaptive electrode in real time.

[0038] In some embodiments, the current monitoring module further includes: a second multiplexer connected to a microcontroller for adjusting the adaptive electrode voltage in real time according to a control signal to generate a barrier electrode to change the ion migration direction; and a digital switch connected to the second multiplexer for cooperating in adjusting the adaptive electrode voltage.

[0039] Figure 5 A structural block diagram of a Faraday disk array according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 5 As shown, the Faraday disk array is placed in the middle region of two parallel electrode plates. Similar to the two parallel electrode plates, the Faraday disk array is also placed in parallel mirror image. The upper Faraday disk array is slightly lower than the upper electrode plate and is used to detect the position of the upper ion. The lower Faraday disk array is slightly higher than the lower electrode plate and is used to detect the position of the lower ion.

[0040] Specifically, current is generated by ion bombardment of the Faraday disk array. This current is then amplified by a multi-stage amplifier, and a first multiplexer determines the exact location of the Faraday disk generating the current, generating a corresponding digital signal that is transmitted to the microcontroller. The microcontroller uses an ADC to sample the signal from the first multiplexer to determine the ion position. Subsequently, based on the ion movement direction set by external control commands, the relevant electrodes are set to traveling wave voltage, barrier voltage, and protection voltage, thereby enabling the ions to move in the preset direction. The specific setting of the relevant electrode voltages is achieved by a second multiplexer and digital switches.

[0041] In this embodiment, the microcontroller is an embedded single-chip microprocessor, such as the STM32 series main control chip, to realize signal parsing, logic operation and closed-loop control output; the required control instructions are edited and issued by an external host computer and transmitted to the microcontroller to complete the remote configuration and control of the whole machine's working mode and voltage parameters.

[0042] By coordinating various functional modules through a microcontroller, and relying on software logic to achieve programmable control of ion signal acquisition, pathway selection, and electrode voltage, without modifying the hardware structure, ion state sensing and electric field dynamic adjustment are completed in a software-based manner, realizing multi-directional manipulation and migration of ions. This breaks away from the limitations of traditional fixed hardware configurations, thereby improving control flexibility and achieving lightweight, configurable software-based ion control.

[0043] In practical electrode adjustment, the microcontroller uses multiple cascaded high-speed shift registers to achieve fine control of the switching groups corresponding to each independent adaptive electrode.

[0044] Specifically, each adaptive electrode has four independent control switches, which are connected to the barrier voltage source, the protection voltage source, the lateral traveling wave voltage source, and the vertical traveling wave voltage source, respectively. The barrier voltage and the protection voltage are both constant DC voltages. The traveling wave voltage signal is driven and controlled by a microcontroller, specifically comprising two independent voltage systems: a lateral traveling wave voltage for driving the ion's lateral movement and a vertical traveling wave voltage for driving the ion's vertical movement; both traveling wave voltage signals use square wave signals with eight signals per group and adjacent signals differing by 45° phase.

[0045] In the signal amplification and transmission path, the microcontroller first generates a raw traveling wave signal with an amplitude of 3.3V, which is then amplified by a subsequent half-bridge amplifier circuit and boosted to the target drive voltage of 17V. Based on the above structure, each adaptive electrode can switch between the four power supplies in a time-division manner according to control commands. Furthermore, to optimize and simplify the wiring topology of the peripheral circuit, in this embodiment, adjacent adaptive electrodes can be connected in parallel as a group, thereby minimizing circuit complexity while meeting control requirements.

[0046] In terms of control interface and logic configuration, the microcontroller sends configuration instructions to the high-speed shift register via the SPI serial bus, driving it to output the corresponding control level; the multiplexer (e.g., the 4-channel analog switch TMUX7612) receives the control level output by the high-speed shift register as a gating signal, and then inputs the corresponding correct voltage to the target adaptive electrode, so that the adaptive electrode is dynamically reconfigured into a barrier electrode, a protection electrode, a transverse traveling wave electrode, or a vertical traveling wave electrode.

[0047] In some embodiments, the ionization gate is used to periodically control ion output to generate discrete ion pulses.

[0048] In some embodiments, an ion receiving disk is also included, the position of which can be flexibly adjusted according to the ion migration direction.

[0049] In this embodiment, no electrode plates are set around the migration zone; the operating device only requires two parallel plates, one above the other, with a protective electrode to prevent ion diffusion. The entire device is placed in a vacuum chamber for ion migration in a low-pressure environment. The ionization gate can adopt a gate-type ion gate structure, consisting of a gate electrode and a timing drive circuit. The ion beam is cut and pulsed by applying a periodic switching voltage. The ion receiving disk adopts a conductive metal plate structure, consisting of a metal collector plate and signal lead-out terminals, such as a Faraday disk. The installation point can be flexibly changed according to the actual path of ion migration in multiple directions, adapting to the precise reception and signal acquisition of ion flows with different directions.

[0050] According to the present invention, by configuring the layered hardware architecture of the current monitoring module and the layout of the upper and lower plates of the migration area, the electrode layout is simplified and the overall size of the device is reduced, thereby reducing the dependence of ion orientation manipulation on hardware devices and achieving the application effect of low power consumption and significantly improved ion manipulation flexibility.

[0051] In some embodiments, after ions enter the migration region through the ion gate, they are in an equipotential region between the upper and lower electrode plates; during the migration process, the ions randomly diffuse to both sides, spontaneously forming two ion streams, one above the other.

[0052] In this embodiment, a uniform equipotential electric field is formed between the upper and lower electrode plates in the migration region. After entering this region, ions are not constrained by a directional bias electric field and are only subject to collision scattering by background gas molecules. Under the action of thermal motion and molecular collisions, ions naturally diffuse randomly to both sides of the electrode plates without being forcibly bound by lateral electrode potential wells. This allows ions to spontaneously split and gradually form two stable ion streams, providing the basic conditions for subsequent current sampling and detection, electric field closed-loop control, and multi-directional ion manipulation.

[0053] The following examples use specific simulation results for illustration.

[0054] Figure 6 A simulation result diagram of propagation in the X direction is shown. (See figure.) Figure 6 As shown, the simulation model constructs an ion migration channel composed of upper and lower electrode plates, on which radio frequency electrodes and traveling wave electrodes are arranged. Ions enter the migration region from the right entrance of the channel in the X-direction section. Under the constraint of the upper and lower radio frequency electric field, they are confined within the transmission space between the electrode plates. At the same time, under the action of the directional propulsion electric field applied by the traveling wave electrodes, the ions migrate horizontally to the left along the negative X-axis.

[0055] At this point, all ion trajectories in the figure are blue, and the trajectory lines represent the ion's movement path. Due to the time-progressing voltage sequence set within the single traveling wave electrode, the ions form a directional trajectory along the X-direction under the influence of the electric field. During migration, the ions are spontaneously diffused upwards and downwards due to collisional scattering by the background gas, ultimately forming two ion streams at the left sectional area of ​​the migration region: one near the upper electrode plate and the other near the lower electrode plate. This simulation result verifies that the device of the present invention, without a lateral guard plate structure, can achieve effective ion transport through the synergistic effect of radio frequency electric field constraint and traveling wave electric field drive, and form two stable ion streams at the end, providing a reliable foundation for subsequent current sampling and multi-directional control.

[0056] Figure 7 A simulation result diagram of propagation in the Y direction is shown. (See figure.) Figure 7 As shown, ions enter the migration region from the right entrance of the channel in the Y direction section and migrate horizontally to the left along the negative Y-axis. The ions are closely attached to the surfaces of the upper and lower electrode plates, forming two independent ion streams with clear boundaries.

[0057] At this point, unlike the X-direction, the traveling wave electrode with the time-sequential voltage sequence is now positioned in the Y-direction, thus creating an electric field that propels ions to move in the Y-direction. Similarly, ions are spontaneously diffused upwards and downwards due to collisional scattering by the background gas, eventually forming two ion streams at the left cross-section of the migration region: one near the upper electrode plate and the other near the lower electrode plate.

[0058] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of an ion turning simulation is shown. (For example...) Figure 8 As shown, after ions enter the migration region from the right entrance of the channel in the X direction section, they first migrate horizontally to the left along the negative X-axis. Under the action of the barrier electrode, they gradually migrate horizontally to the left along the negative Y-axis, eventually forming a curved oblique migration path.

[0059] At this point, a voltage sequence with phase-driven timing is set in both the X and Y directions, and a potential barrier electrode is also set at the direction transition point, so that ions can migrate obliquely under the combined action of different electrodes, thus achieving directional manipulation.

[0060] Understandably, through the current monitoring system, the traveling wave electrode and the barrier electrode can achieve arbitrary combinations of electric fields, meaning that ions can migrate in any direction, thereby achieving multi-directional manipulation.

[0061] Figure 9 A schematic flowchart of a multidirectional ion manipulation method according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 9 As shown, the method includes: Step S100: Input the sample to be tested; Step S200: Ionize the sample to be tested to generate ions corresponding to the sample to be tested; Step S300: Input ions into the migration region and detect the ion distribution; Step S400: Control the upper and lower electrode plates, which are composed of alternating radio frequency electrodes and adaptive electrodes, to promote ion migration and change the direction of ion migration.

[0062] The specific implementation methods of each step in the above-described multidirectional ion manipulation method refer to the relevant content of the embodiments in the above-described multidirectional ion manipulation device, and will not be repeated here.

[0063] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0064] The embodiments described above are merely examples of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-directional ion manipulation device, characterized in that, include: The migration region is used to control the multi-directional migration of ions; the migration region includes an upper electrode plate and a lower electrode plate, both of which are composed of alternating radio frequency electrodes and adaptive electrodes, the adaptive electrodes including traveling wave electrodes and barrier electrodes; The radio frequency electrode is used to constrain the vertical migration of ions, the traveling wave electrode is used to promote ion migration, and the barrier electrode is used to change the direction of ion migration. A current monitoring module, connected to the migration region, is used to detect ion distribution and adjust the adaptive electrode in real time to manipulate ion migration in multiple directions through the barrier electrode.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The current monitoring module includes: A Faraday disk array, connected to the upper and lower electrode plates, is used to generate current through ion bombardment; A multi-stage amplifier, connected to the Faraday disk array, is used to amplify the current generated by ion bombardment; The first multiplexer, connected to the multi-stage amplifier, is used to determine the location of current generation and output a digital signal; A microcontroller, connected to the first multiplexer, is used to receive digital signals and generate control signals based on control instructions to adjust the adaptive electrodes in real time.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The current monitoring module also includes: The second multiplexer, connected to the microcontroller, is used to adjust the adaptive electrode voltage in real time according to the control signal to generate a barrier electrode to change the direction of ion migration. A digital switch, connected to the second multiplexer, is used to adjust the adaptive electrode voltage.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The sample introduction device is used to input the sample to be tested; The ionization region, connected to the output of the sample introduction device, is used to receive the sample to be tested and ionize it to generate ions corresponding to the sample to be tested. An ionization gate, connected to the ionization region, is used to control ions to leave the ionization region.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adaptive electrode also includes a protective electrode, which is used to constrain the lateral migration of ions.

6. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The ionization gate is used to periodically control ion output to generate discrete ion pulses.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: An ion receiving disk, the position of which can be flexibly adjusted according to the direction of ion migration.

8. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, After entering the migration region through the ion gate, the ions are in the equipotential region between the upper and lower electrode plates; during the migration process, the ions randomly diffuse to both sides, spontaneously forming two ion streams, one above the other.

9. A multi-directional ion manipulation method, characterized in that, include: Enter the sample to be tested; The sample to be tested is ionized to generate ions corresponding to the sample to be tested; Ions are introduced into the migration region, and the ion distribution is detected; The upper and lower electrode plates, which consist of alternating radio frequency electrodes and adaptive electrodes, are controlled to drive ion migration and change the direction of ion migration.

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