A method of operating a direct ammonia fuel cell

Abstract

The application provides a direct ammonia fuel cell operation method, relates to the technical field of solid oxide fuel cells, and discloses a fuel cell capable of realizing direct ammonia operation. The fuel cell adopts an industrial size flat plate type anode support structure and can directly input ammonia as fuel without any external ammonia decomposition device. Ammonia is decomposed in situ in the high-temperature anode to generate hydrogen and nitrogen, and the energy conversion efficiency is significantly improved. By reasonably setting the operation temperature (720 DEG C-800 DEG C) and the fuel flow, the cell can obtain power output and efficiency comparable to or even higher than hydrogen under the condition of ammonia, and the limitation of traditional fuel cells on ammonia cracking equipment is broken. The application provides key technical support for large-scale application of the direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell and has wide industrialization and popularization prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solid oxide fuel cell technology, and more particularly to a method for operating a direct ammonia fuel cell. Background Technology

[0002] Fuel cells are an emerging energy conversion device that directly converts the chemical energy of fuel into electrical energy. This offers unique advantages over traditional fossil fuel conversion methods, overcoming the efficiency limitations of the Carnot cycle and achieving high-efficiency conversion. Simultaneously, the byproducts are clean and low-polluting. There are various types of fuel cells, such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), alkaline fuel cells (AFC), phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC), molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC), and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). Among these types, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) have unique advantages. Compared to other types of fuel cells, SOFCs offer higher power generation efficiency, stable structure, wide fuel adaptability, and lower pollution emissions. Furthermore, in addition to hydrogen, SOFCs can use a variety of fuels, including carbon-based fuels such as alkanes, alcohols, and coal gas, as well as nitrogen-based fuels such as ammonia.

[0003] Ammonia, as a SOFC fuel, has advantages such as high hydrogen storage density, high volumetric energy density, and low hydrogen storage cost. Ammonia's liquefaction temperature is only -33°C, making its pressurized transportation cost far lower than that of hydrogen. Currently, the ammonia synthesis process (Haber process) is also extremely mature, and zero carbon emissions can be achieved during use. While ammonia fuel is widely used in combustion power generation, issues such as nitrogen oxide pollution in combustion exhaust still exist. Furthermore, the application of ammonia in fuel cells has received increasing attention in recent years, continuously driving its industrialization.

[0004] Ammonia cannot typically be directly used in fuel cells for power generation because the anode materials in devices like PEMFCs are poisoned and corroded by ammonia. Therefore, an additional device is needed to decompose ammonia into hydrogen and separate the hydrogen from nitrogen before using the hydrogen as the anode fuel for power generation. Ammonia requires temperatures above 300 °C at atmospheric pressure to achieve basic decomposition under the catalysis of a metal catalyst, while the operating temperature of a PEMFC is approximately 80 °C. Heating the ammonia decomposition device undoubtedly increases the operating cost of the battery; therefore, there are few examples of using ammonia fuel in PEMFCs.

[0005] Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) possess a more stable structure, and their anode material, being cermet, theoretically allows for the use of ammonia fuel. Furthermore, the Ni particles in the anode exhibit relatively higher catalytic activity for ammonia decomposition. SOFCs operate at temperatures between 700°C and 800°C, within which ammonia can decompose in situ at the anode. However, current published patents on direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cells remain at the coin cell level, such as CN118198389A, CN116936833A, and CN115377430A, which focus on designing ammonia decomposition catalysts at the anode to enhance the ammonia decomposition rate. High power generation has not yet been achieved at the engineering level. Simultaneously, at the system level, using ammonia as fuel often requires a cracking device, as illustrated in CN118248897A, which describes an indirect ammonia solid oxide fuel cell system. The additional ammonia cracking device also reduces the efficiency of the battery and the system. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in the related art.

[0007] Therefore, the first objective of this invention is to provide a method for operating a direct ammonia fuel cell.

[0008] The second objective of this invention is to provide a direct ammonia fuel cell operating device.

[0009] The third objective of this invention is to provide an electronic device.

[0010] The fourth objective of this invention is to provide a computer-readable storage medium.

[0011] The fifth objective of this invention is to provide a computer program product.

[0012] To achieve the above objectives, a first aspect of the present invention provides a method for operating a direct ammonia fuel cell, comprising:

[0013] A solid oxide fuel cell employing an industrial-sized flat-plate anode support structure allows un-pre-cracked ammonia to be directly input into the anode of the fuel cell. By controlling the operating temperature of the fuel cell between 720°C and 800°C, ammonia gas undergoes in-situ decomposition inside the anode, generating hydrogen and nitrogen gas. The ammonia inlet flow rate is adjusted to be within the range of 0.7 L / min to 1.5 L / min to ensure that the ammonia is fully decomposed in the anode and to maintain the stable operation of the fuel cell. After complete decomposition, the ammonia inlet flow rate was optimized to the range of 0.174 L / min to 0.290 L / min to achieve high-efficiency operation of the fuel cell under ammonia fuel conditions.

[0014] Optionally, the solid oxide fuel cell employing an industrial-size flat-plate anode support structure, which directly inputs un-pre-cracked ammonia into the anode of the fuel cell, further includes: The anode support structure measures 10×10 cm² to accommodate power requirements in industrial applications. Ammonia is uniformly fed into the anode through a fuel channel to ensure uniform decomposition and reaction of ammonia within the anode.

[0015] Optionally, controlling the operating temperature of the fuel cell to be between 720°C and 800°C, so that ammonia decomposes in situ inside the anode to generate hydrogen and nitrogen, further includes: The operating temperature is gradually increased to above 720℃ through a programmed temperature rise reduction process to activate the catalytic performance of the anode material; the temperature control adopts a closed-loop feedback system, which dynamically adjusts the heating power according to the battery output voltage and current to maintain the thermodynamic feasibility of the ammonia decomposition reaction.

[0016] Optionally, adjusting the ammonia inlet flow rate to the range of 0.7 L / min to 1.5 L / min to ensure sufficient decomposition of ammonia within the anode and maintain stable operation of the fuel cell further includes: The ammonia flow rate is precisely regulated by a mass flow controller to match fuel demand under different load conditions; the flow regulation process is optimized based on the power output curve of the fuel cell to achieve a balance between decomposition efficiency and fuel utilization.

[0017] Optional, also includes: Pretreatment of the anode material for fuel cells, including programmed temperature reduction before operation, is performed to improve the catalytic activity and structural stability of the Ni-based anode for ammonia decomposition.

[0018] To achieve the above objectives, a second aspect of the present invention provides a direct ammonia fuel cell operating device, comprising: The anode input module is used in solid oxide fuel cells with industrial-size flat-plate anode support structures to directly input un-cracked ammonia into the anode of the fuel cell. The temperature control module is used to control the operating temperature of the fuel cell between 720°C and 800°C, so that ammonia decomposes in situ inside the anode to generate hydrogen and nitrogen. The flow regulation module is used to adjust the ammonia inlet flow rate within the range of 0.7 L / min to 1.5 L / min to ensure that the ammonia is fully decomposed in the anode and to maintain the stable operation of the fuel cell. The efficiency optimization module is used to optimize the ammonia inlet flow rate to the range of 0.174 L / min to 0.290 L / min after full decomposition, so as to achieve high-efficiency operation of the fuel cell under ammonia fuel conditions.

[0019] To achieve the above objectives, a third aspect of the present invention provides an electronic device, comprising: a processor, and a memory communicatively connected to the processor; The memory stores computer-executed instructions; The processor executes computer execution instructions stored in the memory to implement the method as described in any one of the first aspects.

[0020] To achieve the above objectives, a fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, are used to implement the method as described in any one of the first aspects.

[0021] To achieve the above objectives, a fifth aspect of the present invention provides a computer program product that, when executed by a processor, implements the method described in any one of the first aspects.

[0022] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a direct ammonia fuel cell operation method provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of high-power power generation under ammonia at different temperatures obtained in Example 1 of the present invention. Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of high-power power generation under different ammonia flow rates tested in Example 2 of the present invention. Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the high-efficiency power generation under ammonia obtained in Example 3 of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a direct ammonia fuel cell operating device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Detailed Implementation Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0024] To address this issue, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for operating a direct ammonia fuel cell. Figure 1This is a schematic flowchart illustrating a direct ammonia fuel cell operation method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the method includes the following steps: S1 is a solid oxide fuel cell that uses an industrial-sized flat-plate anode support structure, allowing un-pre-cracked ammonia to be directly input into the anode of the fuel cell.

[0025] In this embodiment, a solid oxide fuel cell with an industrial-scale planar anode support structure is employed. This cell is designed to directly input un-cracked ammonia into the anode of the fuel cell. To improve the efficiency of ammonia decomposition and the overall performance of the cell, the anode material is pretreated. Specifically, the anode is treated by a programmed temperature reduction method before the fuel cell is put into operation. This step effectively improves the catalytic activity of the Ni-based anode for ammonia decomposition and enhances its structural stability at high temperatures, thereby ensuring that the cell maintains high performance during long-term operation.

[0026] The anode support structure measures 10 × 10 cm², a size sufficient to meet the power requirements of industrial applications and ensure adequate power output for large-scale use. Ammonia gas is uniformly distributed and fed into the fuel cell through fuel channels on the anode side. This input method ensures uniform decomposition and reaction of ammonia gas within the anode, thereby improving the battery's energy conversion efficiency and reducing energy loss due to uneven ammonia distribution.

[0027] The embodiments of this application aim to improve the stability and catalytic efficiency of solid oxide fuel cells when processing ammonia by optimizing the anode structure and ammonia input method, thus providing a more reliable technical guarantee for the application of ammonia as fuel.

[0028] S2 controls the operating temperature of the fuel cell between 720°C and 800°C, causing ammonia to decompose in situ inside the anode, generating hydrogen and nitrogen.

[0029] In this embodiment, to ensure that ammonia can decompose in situ inside the anode to generate hydrogen and nitrogen, the operating temperature of the fuel cell is controlled between 720°C and 800°C. The operating temperature of a solid oxide fuel cell needs to be maintained above 700°C; within this temperature range, ammonia can completely decompose into hydrogen and nitrogen under thermodynamic conditions. Therefore, in this embodiment, 720°C is selected as the starting value for the test temperature to ensure stable battery operation and efficient ammonia decomposition reaction.

[0030] To ensure the stable use of ammonia as fuel and to enable the battery to perform well under high-power operating conditions, the battery's operating temperature is set within the range of 720℃ to 800℃. This temperature range not only promotes the effective decomposition of ammonia but also meets the requirements of high power output. In practical applications, this allows the fuel cell to achieve efficient and stable energy conversion with an ammonia supply.

[0031] During operation, the temperature is gradually increased to above 720℃ using a programmed temperature rise reduction process to activate the catalytic performance of the anode material, enabling it to more efficiently catalyze the ammonia decomposition reaction. Simultaneously, a closed-loop feedback system is employed for temperature control to ensure temperature stability within the required range. This system dynamically adjusts the heating power based on changes in battery output voltage and current to maintain the thermodynamic feasibility of the ammonia decomposition reaction, thereby ensuring temperature stability and reaction efficiency during battery operation.

[0032] The embodiments of this application, through a precise temperature control mechanism and an optimized operating temperature range, can fully leverage the high-efficiency energy conversion performance of solid oxide fuel cells, providing a reliable technical guarantee for the application of ammonia as a clean fuel.

[0033] S3, adjust the ammonia inlet flow rate to the range of 0.7 L / min to 1.5 L / min to ensure that the ammonia is fully decomposed in the anode and maintain the stable operation of the fuel cell.

[0034] In this embodiment, to ensure sufficient decomposition of ammonia within the anode and maintain stable operation of the fuel cell, the ammonia inlet flow rate is adjusted to a range of 0.7 L / min to 1.5 L / min. After selecting an appropriate operating temperature range, this embodiment further determines a suitable ammonia flow rate range based on high power output under hydrogen fuel conditions. Specifically, when the battery is operating at high power under hydrogen fuel, the hydrogen flow rate is approximately between 1 L / min and 1.5 L / min. Therefore, based on this flow rate range, the ammonia fuel flow rate is set to 0.7 L / min to 1.5 L / min to ensure complete decomposition of ammonia in the anode to generate hydrogen, while maintaining stable and efficient battery operation.

[0035] The ammonia flow rate is precisely regulated by a mass flow controller to ensure that the fuel cell's fuel requirements are met under varying load conditions. During flow regulation, the system optimizes based on the fuel cell's power output curve to ensure an optimal balance between decomposition efficiency and fuel utilization. By properly adjusting the ammonia flow rate, stable power output can be ensured under different loads, while avoiding incomplete reactions or energy waste caused by excessive or insufficient ammonia.

[0036] This application embodiment achieves efficient operation of fuel cells under various workloads by precisely adjusting the ammonia inlet flow rate, ensuring maximum utilization of ammonia fuel while maintaining stable battery performance, thus providing reliable technical support for the application of ammonia as a clean energy source.

[0037] S4, after complete decomposition, optimize the ammonia inlet flow rate to the range of 0.174 L / min to 0.290 L / min to achieve high-efficiency operation of the fuel cell under ammonia fuel conditions.

[0038] In this embodiment, to achieve efficient operation of the fuel cell under ammonia fuel conditions, the ammonia inlet flow rate is further optimized to the range of 0.174 L / min to 0.290 L / min after sufficient decomposition. Within this flow range, sufficient decomposition of ammonia within the anode can be ensured, achieving efficient energy output of the direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC).

[0039] Specifically, after adjusting the preset flow range, the ammonia flow rate is precisely controlled between 0.174 L / min and 0.290 L / min. This range of ammonia input fully meets the catalytic decomposition requirements of the fuel cell under ammonia conditions, while also ensuring high-efficiency power output. Optimizing the flow range avoids decreased reaction efficiency or energy loss due to excessively high or low ammonia flow rates.

[0040] This application embodiment enables the fuel cell to achieve higher efficiency under ammonia conditions by precisely adjusting the ammonia inlet flow rate, fully utilizing the energy potential of ammonia as fuel. This optimization scheme provides a more efficient and stable technical solution for the application of ammonia as a clean energy source.

[0041] Compared with other SOFCs that use ammonia as fuel, the advantages of this invention are: 1. This method enables direct ammonia SOFC operation in industrial-scale SOFCs without the need for additional ammonia decomposition devices, achieving in-situ decomposition of ammonia at the battery anode; 2. This method achieves high-power operation in industrial-sized SOFCs by setting appropriate operating temperature and flow rate, thereby enabling high power output from the battery; 3. This method achieves high-efficiency operation in industrial-scale SOFCs by completely decomposing ammonia fuel in situ, thus enabling high-efficiency battery output.

[0042] This invention provides a method for operating a direct ammonia fuel cell and discloses a direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer and more explicit, the invention will be described in detail below through embodiments. It should be noted that these descriptions of embodiments are primarily for the purpose of aiding understanding the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0043] The operation process of this invention is as follows: First, a pre-prepared size of 10×10 cm is used. 2 An anode-supported planar solid oxide fuel cell was encapsulated and then subjected to programmed temperature reduction. Next, the power and efficiency of the cell were tested under various designed operating conditions using ammonia as fuel, with simultaneous comparison and calibration using hydrogen as the output. This verified that high-power and high-efficiency operation with direct ammonia fuel was achieved within the operating temperature range of the SOFC.

[0044] Example 1 The power generation of the battery under different temperatures using direct ammonia fuel was tested on an industrial-sized battery to determine the temperature range in which high power operation could be achieved. Referring to previously measured high-power conditions under hydrogen, an anode fuel flow rate of 1 L / min NH3 (10% H2O) and a cathode air flow rate of 3 L / min were selected. The battery performance at 720 ℃, 750 ℃, and 800 ℃ is shown in Figures 2(a), 2(b), and 2(c). At 720 ℃, the maximum power of the battery under ammonia fuel was measured to be 47.2 W, slightly lower than the maximum power of 50.4 W under 1 L / min H2 (10% H2O), indicating that the output power under ammonia was already quite considerable. At 750 ℃, the maximum power of the battery under ammonia fuel was 63 W, close to the maximum power of 64.8 W under hydrogen, achieving high power output under ammonia. At 800 ℃, the maximum output power under ammonia reached 71.6 W, even higher than the maximum output power of 69.3 W under hydrogen. The above test results show that high power output under ammonia can be obtained when the operating temperature reaches 750 ℃, and direct ammonia SOFC can be operated within the operating temperature range of 720 ℃-800 ℃.

[0045] Example 2 The power generation of the battery under different flow rates of direct ammonia fuel was tested on an industrial-sized battery to determine whether the maximum output power increases with increasing ammonia flow rate. The operating temperature was set at 750 ℃, and the anode fuel flow rates were 0.7 L / min NH3 (14.3% H2O), 1 L / min NH3 (10% H2O), and 1.5 L / min NH3 (10% H2O). The battery performance was tested and shown in Figures 3(a), 3(b), and 3(c). When the flow rate was 0.7 L / min NH3 (14.3% H2O), the maximum power of the battery under ammonia fuel reached 48.1 W, which is higher than the maximum power of 44.9 W under 0.7 L / min H2 (14.3% H2O). This indicates that the fuel flow rate required to achieve high power operation under ammonia is lower than that for hydrogen. When the flow rate increases from 1 L / min NH3(10% H2O) to 1.5 L / min NH3(10% H2O), the maximum power of the battery only increases from 50.4 W to 51.4 W. In contrast, the power of hydrogen fuel increases from 52 W to 55 W. This indicates that when the flow rate is greater than 1 L / min NH3(10% H2O), the increase in flow rate does not lead to an increase in maximum output power. The anode ammonia flow rate does not need to exceed 1 L / min to maintain high-power operation.

[0046] Example 3 The power generation efficiency of direct ammonia fuel at different flow rates was tested on an industrial-sized battery. The operating temperature was 750℃, and the anode ammonia fuel flow rates were 0.290 L / min, 0.232 L / min, and 0.174 L / min. The tested battery efficiency and the corresponding calculated theoretical efficiency are shown in Figure 4(a), and the efficiency at the corresponding hydrogen flow rate is shown in Figure 4(b). The theoretical efficiency of ammonia fuel is as high as 71.9%, which is higher than the theoretical efficiency of 62.4% for hydrogen fuel. At the same time, the maximum efficiency of ammonia at each flow rate is 55.8%, 60.8%, and 65.7%, respectively, which is greater than the corresponding hydrogen flow rates of 51.3%, 54.9%, and 58.9%. This proves that high-efficiency operation of direct ammonia SOFC was achieved at 750℃, and the higher theoretical efficiency of ammonia indicates that there is still room for improvement in battery efficiency.

[0047] To achieve the above embodiments, the present invention also proposes a direct ammonia fuel cell operating device. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a direct ammonia fuel cell operating device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 As shown, the device includes: The anode input module 100 is used in a solid oxide fuel cell with an industrial-sized flat-plate anode support structure to directly input un-pre-cracked ammonia into the anode of the fuel cell. Temperature control module 200 is used to control the operating temperature of the fuel cell between 720°C and 800°C, so that ammonia decomposes in situ inside the anode to generate hydrogen and nitrogen. The flow regulation module 300 is used to regulate the ammonia inlet flow rate within the range of 0.7 L / min to 1.5 L / min to ensure that the ammonia is fully decomposed in the anode and to maintain the stable operation of the fuel cell. The efficiency optimization module 400 is used to optimize the ammonia inlet flow rate to the range of 0.174 L / min to 0.290 L / min after full decomposition, so as to achieve high-efficiency operation of the fuel cell under ammonia fuel conditions.

[0048] Regarding the apparatus in the above embodiments, the specific manner in which each module performs its operation has been described in detail in the embodiments related to the method, and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0049] To implement the above embodiments, the present invention also proposes an electronic device, comprising: a processor, and a memory communicatively connected to the processor; the memory stores computer execution instructions; the processor executes the computer execution instructions stored in the memory to implement the method provided in the foregoing embodiments.

[0050] To implement the above embodiments, the present invention also proposes a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, are used to implement the methods provided in the foregoing embodiments.

[0051] To implement the above embodiments, the present invention also proposes a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the methods provided in the foregoing embodiments.

[0052] The collection, storage, use, processing, transmission, provision, and disclosure of user personal information involved in this invention all comply with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations and do not violate public order and good morals.

[0053] It should be noted that personal information collected from users should be used for legitimate and reasonable purposes and should not be shared or sold outside of these legitimate uses. Furthermore, such collection / sharing should only be conducted after receiving the user's informed consent, including but not limited to notifying the user to read the user agreement / user notice and sign an agreement / authorization that includes authorization of relevant user information before the user uses the function. In addition, any necessary steps must be taken to protect and safeguard access to such personal information data and ensure that others with access to personal information data comply with their privacy policies and procedures.

[0054] This invention is intended to provide implementation schemes for users to selectively prevent the use or access to personal information data. That is, this disclosure is intended to provide hardware and / or software to prevent or block access to such personal information data. Once personal information data is no longer needed, risks can be minimized by restricting data collection and deleting data. Furthermore, where applicable, such personal information can be de-identified to protect user privacy.

[0055] In the foregoing descriptions of the embodiments, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0056] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0057] Any process or method description in the flowchart or otherwise herein can be understood as representing a module, segment, or portion of code comprising one or more executable instructions for implementing custom logic functions or processes, and the scope of preferred embodiments of the invention includes additional implementations in which functions may be performed not in the order shown or discussed, including substantially simultaneously or in reverse order depending on the functions involved, as should be understood by those skilled in the art to which embodiments of the invention pertain.

[0058] The logic and / or steps represented in the flowchart or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as a sequenced list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, and can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device (such as a computer-based system, a processor-included system, or other system that can fetch and execute instructions from, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device). For the purposes of this specification, "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transmit programs for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable media include: an electrical connection having one or more wires (electronic device), a portable computer disk drive (magnetic device), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable and editable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), fiber optic devices, and portable optical disc read-only memory (CDROM). Alternatively, the computer-readable medium may be paper or other suitable media on which the program can be printed, since the program can be obtained electronically, for example, by optically scanning the paper or other medium, followed by editing, interpreting, or otherwise processing as necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.

[0059] It should be understood that various parts of the present invention can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, multiple steps or methods can be implemented in software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware as in another embodiment, it can be implemented using any of the following techniques known in the art, or a combination thereof: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logical functions on data signals, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable gate arrays (PGAs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.

[0060] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the methods in the above embodiments can be implemented by a program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, the program includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiments.

[0061] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into a processing module, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into a module. The integrated module can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional module. If the integrated module is implemented as a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.

[0062] The storage medium mentioned above can be a read-only memory, a disk, or an optical disk, etc. Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

[0063] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used, with steps reordered, added, or deleted. For example, the steps described in this invention can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, as long as the desired result of the technical solution of this invention can be achieved, and this is not limited herein.

[0064] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for operating a direct ammonia fuel cell, characterized in that, include: A solid oxide fuel cell employing an industrial-sized flat-plate anode support structure allows un-pre-cracked ammonia to be directly input into the anode of the fuel cell. By controlling the operating temperature of the fuel cell between 720°C and 800°C, ammonia gas undergoes in-situ decomposition inside the anode, generating hydrogen and nitrogen gas. The ammonia inlet flow rate is adjusted to be within the range of 0.7 L / min to 1.5 L / min to ensure that the ammonia is fully decomposed in the anode and to maintain the stable operation of the fuel cell. After complete decomposition, the ammonia inlet flow rate was optimized to the range of 0.174 L / min to 0.290 L / min to achieve high-efficiency operation of the fuel cell under ammonia fuel conditions.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The solid oxide fuel cell employing an industrial-size flat-plate anode support structure, which directly inputs un-pre-cracked ammonia into the anode of the fuel cell, further includes: The anode support structure measures 10×10 cm² to accommodate power requirements in industrial applications. Ammonia is uniformly fed into the anode through a fuel channel to ensure uniform decomposition and reaction of ammonia within the anode.

3. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method of controlling the operating temperature of the fuel cell between 720°C and 800°C, allowing ammonia to decompose in situ inside the anode to generate hydrogen and nitrogen, also includes: The operating temperature is gradually increased to above 720℃ through a programmed temperature rise reduction process to activate the catalytic performance of the anode material; the temperature control adopts a closed-loop feedback system, which dynamically adjusts the heating power according to the battery output voltage and current to maintain the thermodynamic feasibility of the ammonia decomposition reaction.

4. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustment of the ammonia inlet flow rate within the range of 0.7 L / min to 1.5 L / min to ensure sufficient decomposition of ammonia within the anode and maintain stable operation of the fuel cell also includes: The ammonia flow rate is precisely regulated by a mass flow controller to match fuel demand under different load conditions; the flow regulation process is optimized based on the power output curve of the fuel cell to achieve a balance between decomposition efficiency and fuel utilization.

5. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Pretreatment of the anode material for fuel cells, including programmed temperature reduction before operation, is performed to improve the catalytic activity and structural stability of the Ni-based anode for ammonia decomposition.

6. A direct ammonia fuel cell operating device, characterized in that, include: The anode input module is used in solid oxide fuel cells with industrial-size flat-plate anode support structures to directly input un-cracked ammonia into the anode of the fuel cell. The temperature control module is used to control the operating temperature of the fuel cell between 720°C and 800°C, so that ammonia decomposes in situ inside the anode to generate hydrogen and nitrogen. The flow regulation module is used to adjust the ammonia inlet flow rate within the range of 0.7 L / min to 1.5 L / min to ensure that the ammonia is fully decomposed in the anode and to maintain the stable operation of the fuel cell. The efficiency optimization module is used to optimize the ammonia inlet flow rate to the range of 0.174 L / min to 0.290 L / min after full decomposition, so as to achieve high-efficiency operation of the fuel cell under ammonia fuel conditions.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: A processor, and a memory communicatively connected to the processor; The memory stores computer-executed instructions; The processor executes computer execution instructions stored in the memory to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1-6.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, are used to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1-6.

9. A computer program product, characterized in that, Includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method of any one of claims 1-6.

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