Printed circuit board in battery pack and leakage detection method, device, system and medium

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides a printed circuit board in a battery pack and a leakage detection method, device, system and medium, and particularly relates to the technical field of battery safety monitoring. The printed circuit board is provided with a power module, a control module and two exposed electrodes arranged at the edge of the circuit board. The control module can detect the impedance between the two electrodes when the power module applies a detection voltage to one of the electrodes, and output an alarm information when it is judged according to the impedance that the battery pack has a leakage risk. The method is close to the edge of the circuit board which is more likely to contact the leakage medium, which is beneficial to improve the timeliness, detection coverage effectiveness and identification reliability of the leakage sensing, while taking into account the simple structure, easy integration and controllable cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery safety monitoring, and more particularly to a printed circuit board in a battery pack and a method, apparatus, system and medium for detecting leakage. Background Technology

[0002] Inside the battery pack, electronic control units such as the battery management system, battery information acquisition board, and cell acquisition module typically need to directly or indirectly contact the battery cells, tabs, or pressure relief valves. If the battery leaks, the electrolyte (usually a strongly acidic or alkaline liquid) may seep into the circuit board surface through gaps in the tabs, spray from the pressure relief valve, or gaps in poorly sealed areas.

[0003] Electrolyte is highly corrosive and conductive. If it comes into contact with metal traces or components on a circuit board, it may cause serious malfunctions such as short circuits, electrochemical corrosion, arcing and fire, or even cause the entire battery pack to fail.

[0004] Therefore, a technical solution is needed to detect battery leakage in order to ensure the long-term safe operation of the battery system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a printed circuit board for a battery pack and a method, apparatus, system and medium for detecting leakage. By constructing a detection structure on the printed circuit board for sensing the leakage state, the electrical characteristics reflecting the leakage risk are monitored and determined, thereby improving the reliability and coverage of leakage detection.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a printed circuit board in a battery pack, the printed circuit board 10 including: a power module 102, a control module 103, an exposed first electrode 104 and a second electrode 105;

[0007] The first electrode 104 and the second electrode 105 are disposed at a distance from each other on the edge of the printed circuit board 10, and one end of the first electrode 104 is connected to the positive terminal of the power module 102, and one end of the second electrode 105 is grounded or connected to the negative terminal of the power module 102.

[0008] The control module 103 is used for:

[0009] During the period when the power module 102 applies a detection voltage to the first electrode 104, the impedance between the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 105 is detected.

[0010] If the impedance indicates a risk of leakage in the battery pack, an alarm signal is output.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the printed circuit board 10 further includes: a first resistor module 106; wherein one end of the first resistor module 106 is connected to the power module 102, and the other end of the first resistor module 106 is connected to one end of the first electrode 104.

[0012] The control module 103 is specifically used for:

[0013] Obtain the voltage on the side of the first electrode 104;

[0014] Based on the detection voltage, the voltage on the first electrode 104 side, and the resistance value of the first resistor module 106, the impedance between the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 105 is determined.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the printed circuit board 10 further includes: a second resistor module 107; wherein one end of the second resistor module 107 is connected to the other end of the first resistor module 106, and the other end of the second resistor module 107 is connected to one end of the second electrode 105.

[0016] The control module 103 is specifically used for:

[0017] Obtain the voltage on the side of the first electrode 104;

[0018] Based on the detection voltage, the voltage on the first electrode 104 side, the resistance value of the first resistor module 106, and the resistance value of the second resistor module 107, the impedance between the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 105 is determined.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the control module 103 is specifically used to control the power module 102 to apply a detection voltage to the first electrode 104 based on the detection cycle when the detection conditions are met.

[0020] The detection conditions include at least one of the following:

[0021] The rate of temperature change within the battery pack is less than a first preset threshold, and the humidity within the battery pack is less than a second preset threshold.

[0022] In one possible implementation, the power module 102 is also connected to the control module 103;

[0023] The control module 103 is specifically used to control the power module 102 to start, so that the power module 102 applies a detection voltage to the first electrode 104.

[0024] In one possible implementation, the printed circuit board 10 further includes a first switch 108, which is disposed in the passage between the power module 102 and the first electrode 104.

[0025] The control module 103 is specifically used to control the first switch 108 to open the path between the power module 102 and the first electrode 104, so that the power module 102 applies a detection voltage to the first electrode 104.

[0026] In one possible implementation, the printed circuit board 10 further includes: a first set of switches and a second set of switches;

[0027] The first set of switches includes: a first switch 108 and a fourth switch 111;

[0028] The second set of switches includes: a second switch 109 and a third switch 110;

[0029] Wherein, one end of the first switch 108 is connected to the other end of the first resistor module 106, the other end of the first switch 108 is connected to one end of the second switch 109 and one end of the first electrode 104, and the second end of the second switch 109 is connected to one end of the fourth switch 111 and grounded;

[0030] The other end of the fourth switch 111 is connected to one end of the second electrode 105 and one end of the third switch 110, and the other end of the third switch 110 is connected to the other end of the first resistor module 106;

[0031] The control module 103 is specifically used to control the first group of switches and the second group of switches to be turned on alternately, so that the power module 102 alternately applies detection voltage to the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 105.

[0032] During the period when the power module 102 alternately applies a detection voltage to the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 105, the impedance between the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 105 is detected.

[0033] If the impedance indicates a risk of leakage in the battery pack, an alarm signal is output.

[0034] In one possible implementation, the control module 103 is specifically used to control the first group of switches and the second group of switches to be turned on alternately when the detection conditions are met;

[0035] The detection conditions include at least one of the following:

[0036] The rate of temperature change within the battery pack is less than a first preset threshold, and the humidity within the battery pack is less than a second preset threshold.

[0037] In one possible implementation, the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 105 are arranged parallel to the edge of the printed circuit board 10 and surround it.

[0038] In a second aspect, embodiments of this application provide a method for detecting leakage in a battery pack, the method being applied to a control module on any possible printed circuit board as described in the first aspect, the method comprising:

[0039] During the period when the power module applies a detection voltage to the first electrode, the impedance between the first electrode and the second electrode is detected;

[0040] If the impedance indicates a risk of leakage in the battery pack, an alarm signal is output.

[0041] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a control device, including: a memory and a processor;

[0042] The memory stores computer-executed instructions;

[0043] The processor executes computer execution instructions stored in the memory, causing the processor to perform any of the possible implementations of the second aspect above.

[0044] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a battery management system, which includes any of the possible printed circuit boards described in the first aspect above.

[0045] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide a battery pack, the battery pack including any of the possible printed circuit boards as described in the first aspect above; or, the battery pack including a battery management system as described in the fourth aspect above.

[0046] Sixthly, embodiments of this application provide an electrical device including the aforementioned battery pack.

[0047] In a seventh aspect, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, are used to implement any possible implementation of the second aspect above.

[0048] Eighthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements any of the possible implementations of the second aspect above.

[0049] The printed circuit board and leakage detection method, apparatus, system, and medium for the battery pack provided in this application embodiment, by setting a first and second electrode that are parallel and exposed at the edge of the printed circuit board, and by having the power module, in conjunction with the control module, detect the impedance between the two electrodes during the application of a detection voltage to the first electrode, can identify the risk of leakage in the battery pack by utilizing the impedance change between the electrodes, thus achieving reliable early warning of battery pack leakage risk. Simultaneously, placing the electrodes at the edge of the printed circuit board achieves comprehensive coverage of the detection area while balancing timely leakage response with effective control of wiring costs. Attached Figure Description

[0050] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0051] Figure 1 This application provides a schematic diagram of the structure of a printed circuit board in a battery pack.

[0052] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a circuit structure for detecting battery pack leakage provided in this application. Figure 1 ;

[0053] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a circuit structure for detecting battery pack leakage provided in this application. Figure 2 ;

[0054] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a circuit structure for detecting battery pack leakage provided in this application. Figure 3 ;

[0055] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a circuit structure for detecting battery pack leakage provided in this application. Figure 4 ;

[0056] Figure 6 A flowchart illustrating a battery pack leakage detection method provided in this application. Figure 1 ;

[0057] Figure 7 A flowchart illustrating a battery pack leakage detection method provided in this application. Figure 2 ;

[0058] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the control device provided in this application.

[0059] The accompanying drawings illustrate specific embodiments of this application, which will be described in more detail below. These drawings and descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the concept in any way, but rather to illustrate the concept of this application to those skilled in the art through reference to particular embodiments.

[0060] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0061] 10-Printed circuit board; 102-Power supply module; 103-Control module; 104-First electrode; 105-Second electrode; 106-First resistor module; 107-Second resistor module; 108-First switch; 109-Second switch; 110-Third switch; 111-Fourth switch. Detailed Implementation

[0062] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0063] Battery pack leakage monitoring technology is commonly used in new energy vehicles, energy storage power stations, electric forklifts, and other equipment that uses lithium-ion battery systems. It is particularly suitable for printed circuit boards (PCBs) located near the cells, tabs, busbars, and pressure relief structures. Specifically, this PCB refers to the battery management system control board (also called the battery protection board / Pack PCB) inside the battery pack. It is a dedicated circuit board that integrates functions such as cell voltage acquisition, current monitoring, overcharge, over-discharge, overcurrent, and short-circuit protection, state-of-charge estimation, equalization control, and communication with the vehicle.

[0064] Printed circuit boards (PCBs) inside battery packs typically perform functions such as voltage acquisition, temperature acquisition, status monitoring, and alarm linkage. They are usually installed close to the cell modules or on the side of the modules, on the top cover, or in the wiring harness convergence area, so that they can preferentially contact the detection area when electrolyte leaks, splashes, or spreads along structural gaps. The board shape can be a rigid board, a flexible board, or a combination of rigid and flexible boards.

[0065] When electrolyte leaks, splashes, or spreads along structural gaps due to aging, mechanical shock, seal failure, overcharging, overheating, or valve malfunction, the leaked medium may first come into contact with the edge of the printed circuit board, the area near the solder pads, or the area around the connector.

[0066] Because electrolytes are highly conductive and corrosive, once they enter the circuit board surface and form conductive paths, they can easily lead to decreased insulation, abnormal signal sampling, accelerated localized corrosion, and even short circuits, arcing, and thermal runaway risks. Therefore, building a leakage risk detection mechanism inside the battery pack that can directly sense changes in the state of the printed circuit board surface has become a key aspect of improving battery system safety and timely maintenance.

[0067] Existing battery pack leakage detection solutions typically involve placing two sets of spaced-apart metal conductors in a localized area of ​​the printed circuit board. When liquid covers the area between them, the conductivity or dielectric properties of the medium change, triggering an alarm signal from the monitoring circuit. However, this detection area is limited by component layout and trace density, and can only cover high-risk locations. If the electrolyte leakage path deviates from the established detection location, the system may experience response lag or even miss detection.

[0068] In actual vehicle or energy storage site operation, battery packs will be subjected to complex conditions such as vibration, hot and cold cycles, high humidity parking, rapid charging and discharging, and drastic changes in ambient temperature. This makes printed circuit boards not only face real liquid leakage, but also affected by moisture adhesion, condensation film formation and contaminant deposition.

[0069] Specifically, in humid environments, a continuous or semi-continuous water film easily forms on the surface of a circuit board. This water film can dissolve carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and residual flux components (such as chloride and sodium ions) from the air, transforming the originally non-conductive surface into a conductive water film. If a detection voltage exists between the two detection electrodes, the water film acts as a conductive medium connecting the two electrodes, and an electrochemical reaction occurs: copper on the anode side is oxidized and dissolved into copper ions that enter the water film. Under the influence of the electric field, these copper ions migrate towards the cathode, gain electrons, and are reduced to metallic copper, which gradually deposits and may even continue to grow in the form of dendritic crystals.

[0070] As time progresses, the dendrites continue to extend, and the originally large insulation resistance between the two electrodes is continuously bridged by these metal deposits and corrosion products, causing the impedance to continuously decrease. When the impedance drops below the threshold, the control module mistakenly interprets this corrosion conductivity caused by moisture as a real leakage signal, thus generating a false alarm.

[0071] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a printed circuit board for use in a battery pack. By setting a power module, a control module, and exposed first and second electrodes on the printed circuit board, and positioning the first and second electrodes at a distance from each other at the edge of the printed circuit board, wherein one end of the first electrode is connected to the positive terminal of the power module, and one end of the second electrode is grounded or connected to the negative terminal of the power module, an impedance detection basis is established around the edge of the printed circuit board, an area more susceptible to contact with leakage media.

[0072] This printed circuit board is suitable for electronic control units located inside battery packs, such as battery management system circuit boards and battery information acquisition boards. The control module detects the impedance between the first and second electrodes while the power module applies a detection voltage to the first electrode. If the impedance indicates a risk of leakage in the battery pack, an alarm signal is output. This technical approach, combining exposed edge electrodes with impedance detection, allows for more accurate leakage risk identification, pinpointing the actual leakage path and the affected area of ​​the circuit board. It establishes a more direct risk perception and alarm mechanism within the battery pack, providing fundamental support for subsequent whole-pack power-off protection, fault reporting, and maintenance. Simultaneously, it addresses the problem of insufficient coverage and difficulty in timely detection of leakage risks in existing detection solutions.

[0073] The technical solution of this application and how the technical solution of this application solves the above-mentioned technical problems are described in detail below with specific embodiments. These specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described again in some embodiments. The embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0074] Figure 1 This application provides a schematic diagram of the structure of a printed circuit board in a battery pack, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the printed circuit board 10 includes: a power module 102, a control module 103, an exposed first electrode 104, and a second electrode 105.

[0075] Understandably, the printed circuit board 10 refers to the plate-shaped carrier arranged inside the battery pack to carry the detection circuit and electrically sense the leakage status. Its main function is to provide the mounting base and electrical connection path for the power module 102, the control module 103 and the detection electrode, so that they can form a complete leakage monitoring functional unit.

[0076] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a circuit structure for detecting battery pack leakage provided in this application. Figure 1 The connection relationship between the power module 102, the first electrode 104, and the second electrode 105 is as follows: Figure 2 As shown. The first electrode 104 and the second electrode 105 are disposed at intervals on the edge of the printed circuit board 10, and one end of the first electrode 104 is connected to the positive terminal of the power module 102, while one end of the second electrode 105 is grounded or connected to the negative terminal of the power module.

[0077] Understandably, the power supply module 102 refers to the power supply unit set in the printed circuit board 10 for providing detection voltage and working power to the detection circuit. Its function is to establish a stable potential difference between the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 105, and to provide the required energy for the sampling, judgment and alarm output of the control module 103, so that impedance detection can be carried out continuously under controlled conditions.

[0078] The power module 102 is usually located near the power input terminal of the printed circuit board 10 and is connected to the control module 103 and the first electrode 104 through copper foil traces. The connection path can be achieved by pads, vias, wire soldering or flexible connecting pieces.

[0079] The first electrode 104 is an electrode conductor disposed on the edge of the printed circuit board 10 and in an exposed state. Its function is to serve as a bias application end and a liquid sensing end, and together with the second electrode 105, it forms an impedance detection circuit to sense the situation of the leakage medium contacting the edge area in the battery pack.

[0080] One end of the first electrode 104 is connected to the control module 103 and the power module 102, while the other part extends along the edge of the board and remains exposed to alter the electrical characteristics between the electrodes when electrolyte, water film, or contaminating liquid comes into contact with the electrode surface. Its form can be a strip-shaped bare copper electrode, a tin-plated exposed conductor, a partially exposed nickel-gold plated electrode, or a conductive strip formed by silver paste printing or an irregularly wrapped conductor, to adapt to different board shapes and edge spaces. The length of the first electrode 104 is typically extended as far as possible along the edge of the board to cover areas where leaks may flow, and its width can be on the order of millimeters or even finer linewidths.

[0081] The second electrode 105 is an exposed electrode conductor located at the edge of the printed circuit board 10, with one end grounded, along with the first electrode 104. Its function is to provide a stable reference potential and, together with the first electrode 104, form an impedance measurement path, enabling the control module 103 to identify the leakage state through electrical changes between the two electrodes. The second electrode 105 has the same shape as the first electrode 104, and its grounding terminal can be connected to system ground, analog ground, or independent reference ground to form a stable detection reference and reduce external interference.

[0082] The second electrode 105 is arranged at intervals with the first electrode 104 in terms of structure, forming a continuous or semi-continuous monitoring band at the edge of the plate, thereby expanding the coverage of the leakage medium that may flow along the edge inside the battery pack.

[0083] The control module 103 is a processing unit used to collect, analyze, and determine the impedance change between the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 105. Its function is to identify whether there is a risk of leakage in the battery pack based on the detected electrical parameters, and to output an alarm signal to trigger subsequent protection actions when preset judgment conditions are met. The control module 103 can be implemented by a microcontroller, a dedicated detection chip, a microcontroller in conjunction with peripheral sampling circuits or programmable logic devices.

[0084] The control module 103 is usually installed close to the detection electrode and the power module 102 to reduce interference from the signal transmission path. Its shape and packaging can be an independent chip, a modular control unit, or a functional partition integrated into the main control board of the battery management system. The size can be configured according to the algorithm complexity, the number of sampling channels, and the number of alarm interfaces.

[0085] The aforementioned control module 103 can perform battery pack leakage detection. Specifically, it can detect the impedance between the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 105 while the power module 102 applies a detection voltage to the first electrode 104; and output an alarm signal when the impedance indicates that there is a risk of leakage in the battery pack.

[0086] Understandably, the power module 102 applies a detection voltage to the first electrode 104, which means that an electric field is established between the two electrodes. In the absence of leakage, the space between the two electrodes is usually air or insulating material, which has extremely poor conductivity (infinite impedance), equivalent to an open circuit.

[0087] When leakage occurs, the electrolyte, as a conductive liquid, connects the two electrodes, forming a conductive path between them. This essentially adds a variable resistor in parallel to the previously disconnected circuit, creating a voltage divider loop, which significantly reduces the impedance between the electrodes. Therefore, by determining the impedance between the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 105, it is possible to determine whether there is a risk of leakage.

[0088] Once the impedance falls below the impedance anomaly threshold, the control module 103 can determine that there is a risk of electrolyte leakage in the battery pack. At this time, the control module 103 can trigger an alarm mechanism and output an alarm signal. The alarm signal can be further used to trigger battery management system alarms, vehicle power limiting, energy storage system shutdown, fault code reporting, or maintenance prompts, so that the risk of electrolyte leakage can be detected and dealt with at an early stage, preventing the electrolyte from further corroding the battery pack structure.

[0089] The printed circuit board provided in this application embodiment uses two electrodes spaced apart at the edge of the circuit board. When electrolyte diffuses to the edge of the board due to cell aging, sealing failure, or other reasons, the liquid may first cover the surface of the exposed electrodes and change the equivalent conductive path between the electrodes, thereby causing a change in impedance. The control module can detect and judge this change, thereby promptly identifying and warning of liquid leakage in the battery pack.

[0090] In some embodiments, the printed circuit board 10 further includes a first resistor module 106; the control module 103 can determine the impedance between the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 105 based on the first resistor module 106. Figure 2 As shown, one end of the first resistor module 106 is connected to the power supply module 102, and the other end of the first resistor module 106 is connected to one end of the first electrode 104.

[0091] Understandably, the first resistor module 106 is a current-limiting and voltage-dividing element connected in series between the power supply module 102 and the first electrode 104 to provide a known resistance path. Its function is to limit the detection current flowing through the first electrode 104 when the power supply module 102 applies a detection voltage to the first electrode 104, and to form a sampleable voltage at the node of the first electrode 104 so that the control module 103 can determine the unknown impedance between the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 105 based on the relationship between the voltage and the preset resistance value.

[0092] The first resistor module 106 can be positioned on the printed circuit board 10 near the power module 102 or near the first electrode 104, and electrically connected to the copper foil traces via pad soldering, reflow soldering, or through-hole connection, thereby reducing the influence of parasitic inductance and parasitic resistance on the measurement results. The resistance value of the first resistor module 106 is typically set to the kiloohm to megaohm range to keep the detection current under bias conditions at a low level and avoid interfering with the normal operation of the printed circuit board 10.

[0093] The first resistor module 106 can be a single resistor or an equivalent resistance structure formed by multiple resistors connected in parallel or series, to meet different detection sensitivities.

[0094] When determining the impedance, the control module 103 can specifically obtain the voltage on the side of the first electrode 104; based on the detected voltage, the voltage on the side of the first electrode 104, and the resistance value of the first resistor module 106, the impedance between the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 105 is determined.

[0095] Understandably, the control module 103 acquires the voltage on the first electrode 104 side, specifically by sampling the voltage of the first electrode 104 node relative to the reference ground or reference potential in real time. Based on the sampled voltage, the detected voltage, and the resistance value of the first resistor module 106, the control module 103 can determine the equivalent impedance between the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 105 according to the voltage distribution relationship of the series circuit.

[0096] Specifically, the detection voltage can be VCC, the voltage on the first electrode 104 side can be Vtest, and the resistance value of the first resistor module 106 can be R1. Based on the above data, the impedance Rx can be obtained, and its calculation formula is expressed as:

[0097]

[0098] The resistance value of the first resistor module 106 can be a single fixed resistance value or a combination resistor with multiple switchable resistance values ​​to adapt to different operating voltages and different sensitivity requirements.

[0099] In some embodiments, the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 105 may be arranged parallel to the edge of the printed circuit board 10 and surround it.

[0100] Understandably, the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 105 are arranged in parallel. The spacing between the two electrodes should meet the requirements of both sensitive detection and avoiding false conduction under normal conditions. Therefore, the design is usually adjusted according to the insulation performance of the board material, the pollution level, and the detection threshold. For example, the spacing between the electrodes can generally be between 10 mil and 50 mil. The electrode is generally exposed by opening windows in the solder mask layer or by partially removing the film to improve the sensitivity to liquid contact.

[0101] The phrase "around the edge of the printed circuit board 10" refers to the arrangement of the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 105 along the outer periphery of the printed circuit board 10 to form a ring-shaped, closed-loop, or near-closed-loop detection electrode structure. This structure is usually located at the outermost ring of the printed circuit board 10 or close to the edge of the board, and together with the control module 103, the power module 102, and the subsequent impedance detection circuit, it forms a complete leakage sensing path so that when liquid comes into contact with the outer periphery, it can promptly cause changes in the electrical parameters between the electrodes.

[0102] The first electrode 104 and the second electrode 105 serve as the working electrode and reference electrode in the leakage detection circuit, respectively. By means of the arrangement that extends continuously along the edge of the plate, liquid that may migrate from inside the battery pack along the edge, corner, connector periphery or encapsulation gap can preferentially enter the electrode sensing area, thereby achieving coverage of the edge leakage path, expanding the leakage sensitivity range and improving the early identification capability before the electrolyte has spread over a large area.

[0103] Compared to methods that only set up detection areas in specific locations, this surround layout can form a more complete peripheral monitoring zone around the printed circuit board 10, providing a higher probability of coverage for leaks, splashes, and edge-spreading liquids from different directions. This reduces the risk of missed detections due to leak path deviation. Simultaneously, since liquid retention and accumulation in the edge area are usually affected earlier than in the core component area, the system can issue an alarm before damage propagates, thus buying time for power-off protection, maintenance, and fault location within the battery pack. Electrodes encircling the edge of the printed circuit board 10 allow the leak detection area to match the actual high-risk leak paths, improving detection coverage and early warning capabilities without significantly increasing structural complexity, and contributing to enhanced operational safety and detection reliability of the printed circuit board 10 inside the battery pack.

[0104] In some embodiments, this application proposes a new printed circuit board to improve the reliability and accuracy of battery pack leakage detection. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a circuit structure for detecting battery pack leakage provided in this application. Figure 2 ,like Figure 3 As shown, the printed circuit board 10 further includes a second resistor module 107; wherein one end of the second resistor module 107 is connected to the other end of the first resistor module 106, and the other end of the second resistor module 107 is connected to one end of the second electrode 105.

[0105] Understandably, the second resistor module 107 is a supplementary current-limiting or voltage-dividing element connected in series between the first resistor module 106 and the second electrode 105. Its function is to further establish a stable voltage distribution relationship between the first resistor module 106 and the grounding electrode, reducing the detection voltage applied to the first electrode 104 by the power supply module 102, thereby allowing the control module 103 to obtain a reduced voltage on the first electrode 104 side. The second resistor module 107 can be reasonably configured based on the power supply module 102 to ensure that the detection voltage of the parallel electrodes meets the requirements. Simultaneously, in order to sensitively detect changes in impedance between electrodes, the second resistor module 107 can be at least 10kΩ (kiloohms).

[0106] The voltage on the first electrode 104 side is the voltage applied across the exposed parallel electrodes. A lower voltage means a weaker electrochemical reaction on the electrode surface, which in turn slows down the migration speed of ions under the influence of the electric field. Consequently, the current flowing through the electrode surface decreases, and fewer metal ions are stripped from the metal electrode surface per unit time. This effectively suppresses the electrochemical corrosion rate of the electrode metal, extends the electrode's service life, and also avoids misjudgments of leakage or rapid wear of the electrode itself due to excessive voltage.

[0107] based on Figure 3The control module 103 can also acquire the voltage on the side of the first electrode 104; based on the detected voltage, the voltage on the side of the first electrode 104, the resistance value of the first resistor module 106, and the resistance value of the second resistor module 107, the impedance between the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 105 is determined.

[0108] Understandably, when the power supply module 102 applies a detection voltage to the first electrode 104, the first electrode 104, the first resistor module 106, the second resistor module 107, and the grounded second electrode 105 together form a series voltage divider measurement circuit. The control module 103 can obtain the voltage on the first electrode 104 side through the sampling terminal connected to the first electrode 104 side. Since the resistance values ​​of the first resistor module 106 and the second resistor module 107 are known, and the detection voltage output by the power supply module 102 can be used as a reference input, the control module 103 can calculate the equivalent impedance change between the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 105 based on the collected voltage on the first electrode 104 side and the resistance relationship between the two resistors.

[0109] Specifically, assuming the resistance of the second resistor module 107 is R2, the formula for calculating the impedance Rx is:

[0110]

[0111] The introduction of the second resistor module 107 makes the voltage divider link more stable and provides an additional deterministic boundary for impedance inversion. When sampling, the control module 103 does not have to rely solely on the simple relationship between a single resistor and an unknown impedance. Instead, it can perform joint calculations based on the detection voltage, the voltage on the first electrode 104 side, and the resistance values ​​of the first resistor module 106 and the second resistor module 107. This improves the ability to distinguish signal fluctuations under complex operating conditions such as high humidity, condensation, or contaminated membranes, reduces the probability of false alarms, and enhances the accuracy of identifying real leakage paths.

[0112] In some embodiments, the control module 103 is specifically used to control the power module 102 to apply a detection voltage to the first electrode 104 based on the detection cycle when the detection conditions are met.

[0113] The testing conditions include at least one of the following:

[0114] The rate of temperature change inside the battery pack is less than a first preset threshold, and the humidity inside the battery pack is less than a second preset threshold.

[0115] Understandably, the control module 103 is an electronic control unit used for timing management and condition determination of the leakage impedance detection process. During the operation of the battery pack, it decides whether to start the bias drive of the first electrode 104 according to the environmental conditions, thereby avoiding the risk of misjudgment or electrochemical corrosion caused by frequent power-on detection in environments with temperature fluctuations, humidity or easy condensation.

[0116] The control module 103 is typically electrically connected to a temperature detection unit (e.g., a temperature sensor), a humidity detection unit (e.g., a humidity sensor), a power module 102, and the drive terminal of the first electrode 104. The detection cycle can be set to the second, ten-second, or minute level, depending on the environment of the battery pack, target sensitivity, and power consumption requirements.

[0117] The first and second preset thresholds can be pre-calibrated according to the installation location of different battery packs, housing ventilation conditions, regional climate and vehicle operating conditions. The temperature change rate is used to characterize whether there is a rapid cooling or heating process in the environment, and the humidity threshold is used to characterize whether the water vapor content in the air reaches the range where condensation is likely to form. When the environment is detected to be in a relatively stable and dry state, the control module 103 allows the power module 102 to apply a detection voltage to the first electrode 104 according to a predetermined detection cycle in order to perform subsequent impedance judgment.

[0118] For example, the first preset threshold could be 5°C / h (a rise or fall of 5 degrees Celsius per hour), and the second preset threshold could be, for example, 70%RH (relative humidity).

[0119] This control method avoids detection during periods of high humidity, condensation, or drastic temperature changes. While ensuring leakage detection capability, it suppresses false continuity caused by moisture films, condensate films, and ion contamination, thereby improving the reliability and repeatability of impedance detection results.

[0120] In practice, the control module 103 can collect environmental parameters from the temperature detection unit and / or humidity detection unit, and determine whether the preset detection conditions are met. If the rate of temperature change in the battery pack is lower than the first preset threshold, or the humidity in the battery pack is lower than the second preset threshold, the control module 103 can combine the period window recorded by the internal timer and issue an enable signal when the corresponding detection period arrives, controlling the power module 102 to apply a detection voltage to the first electrode 104, so that a stable electric field and detection circuit are established between the first electrode 104 and the grounded second electrode 105.

[0121] Conversely, when the environment is in a state of rapid temperature change or high humidity, the control module 103 maintains the bias off and continuously collects and judges environmental parameters, thereby avoiding impedance drop caused by condensation film, moisture adsorption or surface contamination, reducing false alarms and frequent start-stop.

[0122] In one possible implementation, the control module 103 applies a detection voltage to the first electrode 104 by controlling the power supply module 102 to start, so that the power supply module 102 applies a detection voltage to the first electrode 104.

[0123] Understandably, the power supply module 102 can be a controlled power supply unit used to provide a stable detection voltage to the first electrode 104 under the instruction of the control module 103, so that an electrical test condition that can be used for impedance detection is formed between the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 105.

[0124] The power module 102, under the coordination of the control module 103, is activated on demand. This reduces electrochemical migration, ion deposition, and plate aging problems caused by the first electrode 104 being in a biased state for a long time, thereby reducing the probability of misjudgment due to the deterioration of the detection structure itself. At the same time, the controlled activation method allows the detection voltage to be applied only within the detection window, thus matching the vehicle's stationary state, the period of stable temperature and humidity, or other suitable detection periods, improving the stability and repeatability of the detection results.

[0125] Another possible implementation is to control the power module 102 to apply a detection voltage to the first electrode 104 based on the detection cycle, or to control a switch to connect the power module 102 and the first electrode 104. Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a circuit structure for detecting battery pack leakage provided in this application. Figure 3 ,like Figure 4 As shown, the printed circuit board 10 further includes a first switch 108, which is disposed in the path between the power module 102 and the first electrode 104. The control module 103 is specifically used to control the first switch 108 to open the path between the power module 102 and the first electrode 104, so that the power module 102 applies a detection voltage to the first electrode 104.

[0126] Understandably, the first switch 108 is a controlled switching device disposed between the power supply module 102 and the first electrode 104. It is used to connect or disconnect the power supply path between the power supply module 102 and the first electrode 104 under the control of the control module 103, so that the detection voltage can be applied to the first electrode 104 when needed and cut off when detection is not needed, thereby reducing the risk of electrochemical migration and ineffective power consumption caused by continuous pressure application.

[0127] The first switch 108 is typically installed between the output terminal of the power module 102 and the input node of the first electrode 104. It can be connected in series in the path to directly control the transmission of the detection voltage. The first switch 108 can be implemented as a field-effect transistor, a transistor, an analog switch chip, a relay, a solid-state relay, or an electronic switch array. The rated withstand voltage of the first switch 108 should cover the detection voltage and possible transient fluctuations, and its on-resistance should be as low as possible to reduce the impact of the on-state voltage drop on the subsequent impedance detection results.

[0128] In specific operation, when the control module 103 receives an instruction to enter the leakage detection state, it first drives the first switch 108 to switch from the off state to the on state, thereby connecting the power module 102 and the first electrode 104. Subsequently, the output voltage of the power module 102 is applied to the first electrode 104 through this path, forming a stable detection electric field or detection circuit between the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 105. After the detection is completed, the control module 103 controls the first switch 108 to turn off, cutting off the continuous voltage applied to the first electrode 104 by the power module 102, thus avoiding the electrochemical migration, accelerated corrosion, and increased standby power consumption of the electrode caused by long-term application of the detection voltage in a high humidity or polluted environment.

[0129] In some embodiments, in addition to reducing metal corrosion by controlling the start and stop of the power module 102 as described above, this application also proposes a new type of printed circuit board that avoids continuously applying a bias voltage of the same polarity between electrodes by applying a positive and negative alternating symmetrical high-frequency square wave between the electrodes, thereby preventing electrochemical migration and reducing metal corrosion. Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a circuit structure for detecting battery pack leakage provided in this application. Figure 4 ,like Figure 5 As shown, the printed circuit board 10 also includes: a first set of switches and a second set of switches;

[0130] The first set of switches includes: first switch 108 and fourth switch 111;

[0131] The second set of switches includes: second switch 109 and third switch 110;

[0132] Wherein, one end of the first switch 108 is connected to the other end of the first resistor module 106, the other end of the first switch 108 is connected to one end of the second switch 109 and one end of the first electrode 104, and the second end of the second switch 109 is connected to one end of the fourth switch 111 and grounded;

[0133] The other end of the fourth switch 111 is connected to one end of the second electrode 105 and one end of the third switch 110, and the other end of the third switch 110 is connected to the other end of the first resistor module 106.

[0134] Understandably, the first set of switches and the second set of switches constitute a dual-switching structure for the power module 102 to alternately apply detection voltage between the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 105. Essentially, the bias polarity of the detection circuit is periodically reversed by controlled switching, thereby maintaining the impedance detection function while suppressing electrochemical migration, metal ion migration and deposition, and dendrite growth caused by continuous unidirectional bias.

[0135] The first switch 108, the second switch 109, the third switch 110, and the fourth switch 111 can be defined as electrical switching devices used to switch between conduction and cutoff under the action of control signals. The switches can be discrete MOSFETs, bidirectional analog switches, solid-state relays, mechanical relay contacts, or equivalent switching units in integrated H-bridge drive units. When discrete devices are used, they are usually arranged between the first resistor module 106 and the electrode nodes and in the grounding loop to form a symmetrical power switching path, and to enable the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 105 to play the roles of biased electrode and reference electrode respectively in different working cycles.

[0136] The first switch 108 and the fourth switch 111 can be considered as the dominant conduction devices corresponding to the bias paths on both sides, while the second switch 109 and the third switch 110 are used to form return paths that match the ground terminal or the electrode node on the other side, so that a complete detection circuit can be formed at any time. When the two sets of switches operate alternately, the power supply module can sequentially apply forward and reverse detection voltages to the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 105. When a forward voltage is applied, the first electrode 104 acts as the anode and the second electrode 105 acts as the cathode; when a reverse voltage is applied, the electrode roles are reversed. This alternating process neutralizes the charge accumulation on the electrode surface through periodic polarity reversal, thereby suppressing the unidirectional migration of copper ions and dendrite growth.

[0137] based on Figure 5 The control module 103 is specifically used to control the first group of switches and the second group of switches to be turned on alternately, so that the power module 102 alternately applies detection voltage to the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 105.

[0138] During the period when the power module 102 alternately applies a detection voltage to the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 105, the impedance between the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 105 is detected.

[0139] An alarm signal is output when the impedance indicates a risk of leakage in the battery pack.

[0140] Understandably, the conduction timing of the first switch 108, the second switch 109, the third switch 110, and the fourth switch 111 can be output by the control module 103 in the form of a square wave, a pulse sequence, or a periodic alternation, so that the detection voltage is established alternately between the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 105, and the impedance between the electrodes is sampled at each stage.

[0141] In the specific implementation process, after entering the impedance detection working mode, the control module 103 can drive the first set of switches to be turned on and the second set of switches to be turned off, so that the power module 102 applies a detection voltage to the first electrode 104 through the first resistor module 106, and completes one sampling with the second electrode 105 as the reference end; after completing this stage, the control module 103 turns off the first set of switches and turns on the second set of switches, switching the direction, so that the power module 102 turns to apply a detection voltage to the second electrode 105, and at the same time samples again with the first electrode 104 as the reference end.

[0142] Through this alternating conduction method, the roles of the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 105 are periodically exchanged. The control module 103 obtains the voltage response between the two electrodes and combines it with the resistance value of the first resistor module 106. If necessary, it further combines it with the resistance value of the second resistor module 107 to calculate or correct the impedance between the electrodes.

[0143] If the measured impedance value remains below the impedance anomaly threshold and the trend of change is consistent with the characteristics of liquid coverage, conductive medium infiltration, or electrolyte leakage, the control module 103 determines that there is a risk of leakage in the battery pack and outputs an alarm signal so that the vehicle controller, battery management system, host computer, or audible and visual alarm unit can be linked to perform further protection measures.

[0144] Because the polarity changes alternately during the detection process, this method can significantly reduce electrode degradation caused by long-term unidirectional bias while maintaining the sensitivity of leak detection. This improves the stability, repeatability and long-term reliability of impedance detection, and reduces the probability of false alarms caused by moisture, condensation or ion contamination.

[0145] In one possible implementation, based on Figure 5 The control module 103 can also control the first set of switches and the second set of switches to be turned on alternately when the detection conditions are met;

[0146] The testing conditions include at least one of the following:

[0147] The rate of temperature change inside the battery pack is less than a first preset threshold, and the humidity inside the battery pack is less than a second preset threshold.

[0148] Understandably, the control module 103 can also perform timing control on the first set of switches and the second set of switches according to the environmental conditions, so as to enable the power module 102 to alternately bias the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 105 under suitable temperature and humidity conditions, thereby forming an alternating detection mode.

[0149] That is, the first set of switches and the second set of switches are only allowed to enter the alternating conduction state when the rate of temperature change inside the battery pack is lower than a first preset threshold and / or the humidity inside the battery pack is lower than a second preset threshold. The specific principle of this embodiment is the same as the implementation principle of the aforementioned embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0150] Figure 6 A flowchart illustrating a battery pack leakage detection method provided in this application. Figure 1 This method is applied to the control module on the aforementioned printed circuit board, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the method specifically includes:

[0151] S601. During the period when the power module applies a detection voltage to the first electrode, the impedance between the first electrode and the second electrode is detected.

[0152] S602. When impedance characterization indicates a risk of leakage in the battery pack, an alarm signal is output.

[0153] The battery pack leakage detection method provided in this embodiment is similar in principle and technical effect to the printed circuit board embodiment described above, and will not be described in detail here.

[0154] For example, the following describes a specific embodiment of the battery leakage detection process after the printed circuit board includes the first switch. Figure 7 A flowchart illustrating a battery pack leakage detection method provided in this application. Figure 2 ,like Figure 7 As shown, the method specifically includes:

[0155] S701. Obtain the environmental parameters of the environment where the battery pack is located. The environmental parameters include: temperature and / or humidity.

[0156] S702. Determine whether the environmental parameters meet the detection conditions. If not, proceed to step S703. If yes, proceed to step S704.

[0157] S703. Disconnect the first switch and pause the detection;

[0158] S704. The first switch is intermittently closed according to the detection cycle so that the power supply module applies a detection voltage to the first electrode;

[0159] S705. During the period when the power module applies a detection voltage to the first electrode, the impedance between the first electrode and the second electrode is detected.

[0160] S706. Determine whether the impedance is less than the impedance abnormality threshold. If yes, proceed to step S707; otherwise, proceed to step S701.

[0161] S707: When impedance characterization indicates a risk of leakage in the battery pack, an alarm signal is output.

[0162] One possible implementation is that the battery leakage detection process after the printed circuit board includes the first set of switches and the second set of switches is similar to steps S701 to S707, and will not be described again here.

[0163] The battery pack leakage detection method provided in this embodiment is similar in principle and technical effect to the printed circuit board embodiment described above, and will not be described in detail here.

[0164] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the control device provided in this application. Figure 8 As shown, the control device 80 provided in this embodiment includes at least one processor 801 and a memory 802. Optionally, the control device 80 further includes a communication component 803. The processor 801, memory 802, and communication component 803 are connected via a bus 804.

[0165] In a specific implementation, at least one processor 801 executes computer execution instructions stored in memory 802, causing at least one processor 801 to perform the above-described method.

[0166] The specific implementation process of processor 801 can be found in the above method embodiments, and its implementation principle and technical effect are similar. It will not be repeated here.

[0167] In the above embodiments, it should be understood that the processor can be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), etc. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the method disclosed in this invention can be directly implemented by a hardware processor, or implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules within the processor.

[0168] The memory may include random access memory (RAM) and may also include non-volatile memory (NVM), such as at least one disk storage device.

[0169] The bus can be an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. Buses can be categorized as address buses, data buses, control buses, etc. For ease of illustration, the buses shown in the accompanying drawings are not limited to a single bus or a single type of bus.

[0170] This application also provides a battery management system, which includes the aforementioned printed circuit board.

[0171] This application also provides a battery pack, which includes the aforementioned printed circuit board; or, the battery pack includes the aforementioned battery management system.

[0172] This application also provides an electrical device including the aforementioned battery pack. Whether the electrical device includes other components is not limited. In some embodiments, the electrical device may be, for example, a vehicle, such as a car, ship, or aircraft; it may also be an energy storage cabinet, energy storage battery, or other electrical device using high voltage, such as an air conditioner; there is no limitation in this regard.

[0173] This application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method.

[0174] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the above-described method.

[0175] The aforementioned readable storage medium can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as static random access memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic storage, flash memory, magnetic disk, or optical disk. The readable storage medium can be any available medium accessible to a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

[0176] An exemplary readable storage medium is coupled to a processor, enabling the processor to read information from and write information to the readable storage medium. Of course, the readable storage medium can also be a component of the processor. The processor and the readable storage medium can reside in an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). Alternatively, the processor and the readable storage medium can exist as discrete components in the device.

[0177] The division of units is merely a logical functional division; in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices, or units, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0178] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0179] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0180] If a function is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0181] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the above-described method embodiments can be implemented by hardware related to program instructions. The aforementioned program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When executed, the program performs the steps of the above-described method embodiments; and the aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0182] Finally, it should be noted that other embodiments of the invention will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This invention is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention that follow the general principles of the invention and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein, and is not limited to the precise structures described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A printed circuit board for a battery pack, characterized in that, The printed circuit board (10) includes: a power module (102), a control module (103), an exposed first electrode (104), and a second electrode (105). The first electrode (104) and the second electrode (105) are spaced apart at the edge of the printed circuit board (10), and one end of the first electrode (104) is connected to the positive terminal of the power module (102), and one end of the second electrode (105) is grounded or connected to the negative terminal of the power module (102). The control module (103) is used for: During the period when the power module (102) applies a detection voltage to the first electrode (104), the impedance between the first electrode (104) and the second electrode (105) is detected; If the impedance indicates a risk of leakage in the battery pack, an alarm signal is output.

2. The printed circuit board according to claim 1, characterized in that, The printed circuit board (10) further includes: a first resistor module (106); wherein one end of the first resistor module (106) is connected to the power module (102), and the other end of the first resistor module (106) is connected to one end of the first electrode (104); The control module (103) is specifically used for: Obtain the voltage on the side of the first electrode (104); Based on the detection voltage, the voltage on the first electrode (104) side, and the resistance value of the first resistor module (106), the impedance between the first electrode (104) and the second electrode (105) is determined.

3. The printed circuit board according to claim 2, characterized in that, The printed circuit board (10) further includes: a second resistor module (107); wherein one end of the second resistor module (107) is connected to the other end of the first resistor module (106), and the other end of the second resistor module (107) is connected to one end of the second electrode (105); The control module (103) is specifically used for: Obtain the voltage on the side of the first electrode (104); Based on the detection voltage, the voltage on the first electrode (104) side, the resistance value of the first resistor module (106), and the resistance value of the second resistor module (107), the impedance between the first electrode (104) and the second electrode (105) is determined.

4. The printed circuit board according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The control module (103) is specifically used to control the power module (102) to apply a detection voltage to the first electrode (104) based on the detection cycle when the detection conditions are met; The detection conditions include at least one of the following: The rate of temperature change within the battery pack is less than a first preset threshold, and the humidity within the battery pack is less than a second preset threshold.

5. The printed circuit board according to claim 4, characterized in that, The power module (102) is also connected to the control module (103); The control module (103) is specifically used to control the power module (102) to start, so that the power module (102) applies a detection voltage to the first electrode (104).

6. The printed circuit board according to claim 4, characterized in that, The printed circuit board (10) further includes: a first switch (108), which is disposed in the passage between the power module (102) and the first electrode (104); The control module (103) is specifically used to control the first switch (108) to open the passage between the power module (102) and the first electrode (104), so that the power module (102) applies a detection voltage to the first electrode (104).

7. The printed circuit board according to claim 2, characterized in that, The printed circuit board (10) also includes: a first set of switches and a second set of switches; The first set of switches includes: a first switch (108) and a fourth switch (111); The second set of switches includes: a second switch (109) and a third switch (110); Wherein, one end of the first switch (108) is connected to the other end of the first resistor module (106), the other end of the first switch (108) is connected to one end of the second switch (109) and one end of the first electrode (104), the second end of the second switch (109) is connected to one end of the fourth switch (111) and grounded; The other end of the fourth switch (111) is connected to one end of the second electrode (105) and one end of the third switch (110), and the other end of the third switch (110) is connected to the other end of the first resistor module (106); The control module (103) is specifically used to control the first set of switches and the second set of switches to be turned on alternately, so that the power module (102) alternately applies detection voltage to the first electrode (104) and the second electrode (105); During the period when the power module (102) alternately applies a detection voltage to the first electrode (104) and the second electrode (105), the impedance between the first electrode (104) and the second electrode (105) is detected; If the impedance indicates a risk of leakage in the battery pack, an alarm signal is output.

8. The printed circuit board according to claim 7, characterized in that, The control module (103) is specifically used to control the first group of switches and the second group of switches to be turned on alternately when the detection conditions are met; The detection conditions include at least one of the following: The rate of temperature change within the battery pack is less than a first preset threshold, and the humidity within the battery pack is less than a second preset threshold.

9. The printed circuit board according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The first electrode (104) and the second electrode (105) are arranged parallel to the edge of the printed circuit board (10) and surround it.

10. A method for detecting leakage in a battery pack, characterized in that, The method is applied to a control module on a printed circuit board as described in any one of claims 1-9, and the method includes: During the period when the power module applies a detection voltage to the first electrode, the impedance between the first electrode and the second electrode is detected; If the impedance indicates a risk of leakage in the battery pack, an alarm signal is output.

11. A control device, characterized in that, include: Memory, processor; The memory stores computer-executed instructions; The processor executes computer execution instructions stored in the memory, causing the processor to perform the method as described in claim 10.

12. A battery management system, characterized in that, The battery management system includes a printed circuit board as described in any one of claims 1-9.

13. A battery pack, characterized in that, The battery pack includes a printed circuit board as described in any one of claims 1-9; or, the battery pack includes a battery management system as described in claim 11.

14. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, Includes the battery pack as described in claim 13.

15. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, are used to implement the method as described in claim 10.

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