A battery safety monitoring system based on multi-modal sensor fusion

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of battery safety monitoring, and particularly relates to a battery safety monitoring system based on multi-modal sensor fusion, comprising: a liquid storage tank for storing coolant and controlling the output state of the coolant; a charging cabinet provided with a plurality of charging cells, each charging cell cavity is provided with a charging unit and an ejection unit; a battery monitoring module comprising a plurality of battery monitoring units for real-time monitoring of battery structure parameters in the charging cells, battery surface temperature distribution in each charging cell during charging, and gas state parameters in each charging cell; a data analysis module for adjusting the set angle corresponding to each charging cell, determining the battery charging state, and determining whether an abnormality occurs during charging; and a safety control module for determining a safety control mode based on the determination result of the data analysis module. The present application can improve the charging safety of the batteries in the charging cabinet and the accuracy of charging abnormality identification.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery safety monitoring technology, and in particular to a battery safety monitoring system based on multimodal sensor fusion. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the new energy industry, battery charging cabinets for electric bicycles, energy storage devices, and other related equipment are increasingly widely used. Their safety performance directly determines the stability and reliability of the charging process. In particular, risks such as overheating, thermal runaway, and leakage are prone to occur during battery charging, which has become a core bottleneck restricting the development of charging cabinet safety technology. Existing charging cabinets mostly adopt single heat dissipation or passive protection solutions, making it difficult to achieve multi-dimensional monitoring and active safety control, and exhibiting significant technical deficiencies.

[0003] Current mainstream charging cabinets primarily rely on air cooling or simple spray structures for thermal management. These systems suffer from low heat dissipation efficiency and poor temperature uniformity, failing to dissipate battery heat effectively in high-temperature environments or during fast charging. This can lead to localized overheating, accelerated battery aging, and even thermal runaway. Furthermore, existing cooling systems are mostly fixed-mode controls, unable to dynamically adjust the cooling medium output based on real-time battery temperature and structural parameters, resulting in insufficient temperature control accuracy. Regarding battery support and safe ejection, existing charging cabinets often feature horizontally fixed battery compartments, requiring only elastic push rods or manual unlocking for battery detachment. This makes it difficult to remove batteries safely and promptly from the charging area under abnormal conditions, increasing the risk of thermal runaway propagation. In summary, existing battery charging cabinets suffer from technical shortcomings such as unintelligent ejection, limited monitoring dimensions, and poor control linkage, failing to meet the charging safety requirements under complex operating conditions.

[0004] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN120886675A discloses an energy storage charging and swapping cabinet, including an energy storage charging unit and a cabinet body. The energy storage charging unit is used to charge batteries. The energy storage charging unit includes a box body and a partition. The partition divides the box body into a battery holding compartment and a water storage compartment. The battery holding compartment is used to place the battery. The water storage compartment contains cooling water. The partition can support the battery when it is charging normally. In the event of battery thermal runaway, it can also open, allowing the battery to automatically slide into the water storage compartment under gravity and be submerged in the cooling water.

[0005] The existing technology has the following problems: it only relies on the thermal switch to sense the local ambient temperature to determine whether the battery has thermal runaway. The monitoring dimension is limited, the ability to identify anomalies is lagging, it is difficult to guarantee the accuracy of anomaly identification, and the charging safety is insufficient. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address this, the present invention provides a battery safety monitoring system based on multimodal sensor fusion, which overcomes the problems of existing technologies that rely solely on thermal switches to sense local ambient temperature to determine whether a battery is experiencing thermal runaway, resulting in a single monitoring dimension, lagging anomaly identification capabilities, difficulty in ensuring the accuracy of anomaly identification, and insufficient charging safety.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a battery safety monitoring system based on multimodal sensor fusion, comprising: The coolant reservoir is used to store coolant and control the coolant output. The charging cabinet is equipped with several charging compartments. Each charging compartment is equipped with a charging unit and an ejection unit. The charging unit is connected to the battery to output electrical energy to the battery to complete the charging operation and control the power state of the battery. The ejection unit is located at the bottom of the charging compartment cavity to support the battery at a set angle and control the ejection state of the battery. The battery monitoring module includes several battery monitoring units, which are used to monitor the battery structural parameters in the charging cell, the surface temperature distribution of the battery in each charging cell during the charging process, and the gas state parameters inside each charging cell in real time. The data analysis module is used to adjust the set angle corresponding to each charging cell based on the battery structure parameters in each charging cell, and to determine the battery charging state based on the battery surface temperature distribution in each charging cell, and to determine whether there is an abnormality in the charging process based on the battery charging state and the gas state parameters inside each charging cell, wherein the battery charging state includes abnormal charging state and warning charging state. A safety control module is used to determine a safety control method based on the judgment result of the data analysis module, wherein the safety control method includes adjusting the output state of the coolant, adjusting the battery ejection state, and adjusting the power supply state.

[0008] Furthermore, the data analysis module includes: An angle analysis unit is used to perform a sliding simulation test based on the battery structure parameters within any of the charging cells, so as to adjust the set angle corresponding to the charging cell. A temperature analysis unit is used to determine the key temperature and key temperature change rate of the charging grid based on the temperature distribution of the battery surface in any of the charging grids within a first preset time period, so as to determine the battery charging status. A gas analysis unit is used to determine whether a key marker exists inside the charging grid based on the gas state parameters inside any of the charging grids. An anomaly determination unit is used to determine whether an anomaly has occurred in the charging process based on whether there are key markers inside any of the charging cells and the battery charging status.

[0009] Furthermore, specifically, the safety control module determines the safety control method based on the first determination condition as adjusting the output state of the coolant to allow the coolant to flow into the first critical charging cell, and adjusting the power state to end the charging of the battery in the first critical charging cell. The first determination condition is that there are no critical markers inside the first critical charging cell and the battery charging state is an abnormal charging state.

[0010] Furthermore, the safety control module determines the safety control method as adjusting the battery ejection state based on the second determination condition, so as to eject the batteries in each charging compartment, wherein the second determination condition is that there is a key marker inside any of the charging compartments.

[0011] Furthermore, the safety control module determines the safety control method based on a third determination condition as adjusting the output state of the coolant to allow the coolant to flow into the second critical charging cell. The third determination condition is that there are no critical markers inside the second critical charging cell and the battery charging state is a warning charging state.

[0012] Furthermore, the temperature analysis unit determines a key time interval based on the temperature distribution of the battery surface in any of the charging cells within a first preset time period, and determines the key temperature corresponding to the charging cell based on the average temperature of the battery surface in the charging cell within the key time interval.

[0013] Furthermore, the temperature analysis unit determines key monitoring points based on the temperature distribution of the battery surface within any of the charging cells within a first preset time period, and constructs a key temperature change curve based on the temperature changes of the key monitoring points within the first preset time period to determine the key temperature change rate corresponding to the charging cell.

[0014] Furthermore, the pop-out unit includes a gravity-sensing slide and an electromagnetic latch; The gravity-sensing slide is disposed inside the corresponding charging compartment cavity and tilted at a set angle to support the battery; The electromagnetic latch is located at the bottom of the inclined surface of the gravity-sensing slide plate and is connected to the back panel door of the corresponding charging compartment. It is used to limit the position of the battery and adjust the opening and closing state of the back panel door of the corresponding charging compartment and the battery ejection state through electromagnetic adsorption.

[0015] Furthermore, the liquid storage tank is equipped with a liquid level detection unit and a liquid level control unit; The liquid level detection unit is used to monitor the liquid level of the coolant in real time. The liquid level control unit is used to determine the coolant replenishment parameters based on the real-time liquid level of the coolant and the liquid level changes within a second preset time period, wherein the replenishment parameters include replenishment time and replenishment rate.

[0016] Furthermore, the inner wall of each charging cell cavity is provided with a heat insulation structure, and a coolant outlet is provided at the bottom of each charging cell cavity.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are that the technical solution of the present invention performs multimodal data fusion analysis by using the battery structure parameters obtained by the battery monitoring module, the surface temperature distribution of the battery in each charging cell during the charging process, and the gas state parameters inside each charging cell. Combined with the judgment conditions obtained by combining the presence of key markers inside the charging cell and the battery charging state, the battery safety control is carried out. This avoids the problems of lagging anomaly identification ability and insufficient accuracy caused by the single monitoring dimension and fixed analysis standards in the prior art, thereby improving the battery charging safety.

[0018] Furthermore, the angle analysis unit conducts gliding simulation tests based on the battery structure parameters within the charging compartment. It can simulate the motion trajectory of batteries with different shapes, match and adaptively adjust the set angle of the gravity-sensing skateboard tilt, and avoid problems such as slow sliding speed or failure to pop up during battery ejection, thereby improving battery charging safety.

[0019] Furthermore, the temperature analysis unit accurately determines the battery charging status by comprehensively analyzing the key temperatures and key temperature change rates within the charging cell, which can improve the accuracy of battery charging anomaly identification and thus improve battery charging safety.

[0020] Furthermore, by analyzing the gas state parameters within the charging cell, the gas analysis unit can accurately identify abnormal situations such as battery electrolyte leakage, achieve specific identification of battery fire characteristics, and improve the accuracy and comprehensiveness of abnormal identification during the battery charging process.

[0021] Furthermore, the safety control module improves the accuracy of battery charging anomaly identification by setting multi-level differentiated judgment and safety control strategies. The absence of critical markers inside the charging compartment indicates no electrolyte leakage. If the critical temperature exceeds a first preset temperature and the rate of change of the critical temperature exceeds the first preset rate of change, it indicates an abnormal temperature change during charging. Intervention can be achieved by introducing coolant and stopping charging to reduce the battery surface temperature, prevent thermal runaway, and improve charging safety. If the critical temperature exceeds a second preset temperature or the rate of change of the critical temperature exceeds the second preset rate of change, it indicates an abnormal temperature trend during battery charging. Early intervention can be achieved by introducing coolant to ensure charging safety. The presence of critical markers inside the charging compartment indicates potential electrolyte leakage, suggesting a possible fire. Therefore, the dangerous battery inside the charging compartment is ejected from the heat source and the confined environment, improving battery charging safety.

[0022] Furthermore, the pop-out unit, by incorporating a gravity-sensing sliding plate arranged at a set angle, can stably support batteries of different shapes. The tilt angle generates potential energy for autonomous sliding. An electromagnetic latch, linked to the charging compartment's back panel door, secures the battery, reliably limiting its position and preventing displacement during normal charging. The electromagnetic attraction also precisely controls the opening and closing of the back panel door and the battery's pop-out status. In case of abnormal battery conditions, the electromagnetic latch quickly releases the gravity-sensing sliding plate, allowing the battery to automatically slide off the charging compartment under gravity, achieving rapid physical isolation of dangerous batteries and effectively preventing the safety hazard of battery explosion within a sealed cavity. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of a battery safety monitoring system based on multimodal sensor fusion according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the charging cabinet according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the charging grid in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the back structure of the charging grid in an embodiment of the present invention; In the diagram: 1. Liquid reservoir; 2. Charging cabinet; 21. Charging compartment; 211. Gravity sensor slide plate; 212. Electromagnetic latch; 213. Charging compartment mainboard door; 214. Charging compartment back panel door; 3. Battery; 4. Coolant inlet; 5. Coolant outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0025] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Please see Figures 1-4 As shown, Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of a battery safety monitoring system based on multimodal sensor fusion according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the charging cabinet according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the charging grid according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the rear structure of the charging grid according to an embodiment of the present invention; in the figure, there is a liquid storage tank 1, a charging cabinet 2, a charging grid 21, a gravity-sensing sliding plate 211, an electromagnetic lock 212, a charging grid mainboard door 213, a charging grid back panel door 214, a battery 3, a coolant inlet 4, and a coolant outlet 5; the battery safety monitoring system based on multimodal sensor fusion provided in this embodiment includes: The coolant reservoir 1 is used to store coolant and control the coolant output status. Specifically, the liquid storage tank 1 is equipped with a liquid level detection unit and a liquid level control unit; The liquid level detection unit is used to monitor the liquid level of the coolant in real time. The liquid level control unit is used to determine the coolant replenishment parameters based on the real-time liquid level of the coolant and the liquid level changes within a second preset time period, wherein the replenishment parameters include replenishment time and replenishment rate.

[0027] In this embodiment, the specific type of coolant is not limited, such as fluorinated liquid, silicone oil, deionized water-based coolant, etc. Preferably, a mixture of 50% propylene glycol and 50% deionized water is used.

[0028] Understandably, there are no limitations on the equipment and methods for obtaining the coolant level in the storage tank. For example, the real-time level can be obtained through a level sensor. A coolant outlet is set at the bottom of the storage tank and connected to the coolant inlet 4 of each charging cell through a pipe with a diameter of not less than 50mm to ensure coolant output efficiency and achieve instantaneous battery cooling. The rate of change of the coolant level within a second preset time period is calculated, which is the ratio of the distance the coolant level drops to the total time within the second preset time period. In actual implementation, a warning level can be set, for example, 20% to 30% of the total coolant level. The moment when the real-time coolant level is lower than the warning level is determined as the coolant replenishment time. The coolant replenishment rate is positively correlated with the rate of change of the coolant level, that is, the greater the rate of change of the coolant level within the second preset time period, the greater the coolant replenishment rate, so as to ensure that the coolant in the storage tank meets the output requirements.

[0029] The charging cabinet 2 is provided with several charging compartments 21. Each charging compartment 21 has a charging unit and an ejection unit arranged inside its cavity. The charging unit is connected to the battery and is used to output electrical energy to the battery to complete the charging operation and control the power state of the battery. The ejection unit is located at the bottom of the charging compartment cavity and is used to support the battery at a set angle and control the ejection state of the battery. In this embodiment, the number of charging compartments 21 is not limited, and the actual implementer can set it according to the actual situation. The overall structure of the charging cabinet 2 can be set as a cabinet type or a modular assembly structure. The interior is divided into multiple independent charging compartments 21 along the horizontal and vertical directions. Each charging compartment 21 can independently complete the battery charging operation. The charging compartment 21 includes a charging compartment cavity, a charging compartment main board door 213 arranged opposite to each other, and a charging compartment back panel door 214. The charging compartment main board door 213 is set facing the user, and the user can open and close the charging compartment main board door 214. 13. Battery insertion and removal are achieved. The opening and closing control method for the charging compartment mainboard door 213 is not limited, such as motor-driven lock, electric bolt lock, electromagnetic adsorption lock, etc. Users can send opening and closing requests via QR code scanning, mini-program, etc., to achieve automatic opening and closing of the charging compartment mainboard door 213. The charging compartment back panel door 214 is set on the back of the charging cabinet and is controlled by an electromagnetic latch. Upon receiving a battery ejection command, the electromagnetic latch opens, and the charging compartment back panel door 214 opens simultaneously. At this time, the battery ejects unimpeded and can freely detach from the charging compartment cavity. Each charging compartment cavity includes at least a charging unit and an ejection unit. The specific structure, layout, and power supply method of the charging unit are not limited. Power can be output to the battery via wired or wireless connection.

[0030] Specifically, the pop-out unit includes a gravity-sensing slide plate 211 and an electromagnetic latch 212; The gravity-sensing slide 211 is disposed inside the corresponding charging compartment cavity and tilted at a set angle to support the battery; The electromagnetic latch 212 is located at the bottom of the inclined surface of the gravity sensing slide plate 211, close to the side of the corresponding charging compartment back panel door 214, and is connected to the corresponding charging compartment back panel door 214. It is used to limit the position of the battery and adjust the opening and closing state of the corresponding charging compartment back panel door 214 and the battery ejection state through electromagnetic adsorption.

[0031] In this embodiment, the material and structure of the gravity-sensing slide plate 211 are not specifically limited. It can be made of high-strength, low-friction engineering plastic or stainless steel plate. For example, 2mm thick 304 stainless steel can be used, with a 1mm ceramic fiber heat insulation board attached to the surface. The overall structure can be set as a "U-shaped" groove to prevent the battery from rolling off the track during the descent. The specific structure of the electromagnetic latch 212 is not limited. When the electromagnetic latch 212 is open, it attracts the charging compartment back panel door 214 through electromagnetic attraction, keeping the charging compartment back panel door 214 in a closed state. When the electromagnetic latch 212 is closed, the electromagnetic attraction disappears, the battery limit on the gravity-sensing slide plate 211 is opened, the charging compartment back panel door 214 is in an open state, and the battery can slide down the slide plate surface to the outside of the charging compartment cavity under its own gravity.

[0032] Specifically, in this embodiment of the invention, the pop-out unit is equipped with a gravity-sensing sliding plate, which is arranged at a set angle to stably support batteries of different shapes. The tilt angle can generate autonomous sliding potential energy. By setting an electromagnetic latch, it is linked with the charging compartment back panel door to lock, which can not only reliably limit the battery in place and prevent the battery from shifting under normal charging conditions, but also precisely control the opening and closing of the back panel door and the battery pop-out state through electromagnetic adsorption. When the battery has an abnormal condition, the electromagnetic latch quickly releases the gravity-sensing sliding plate, allowing the battery to automatically slide away from the charging compartment by gravity, realizing rapid physical isolation of dangerous batteries and effectively avoiding the safety hazard of battery explosion in the sealed cavity.

[0033] The battery monitoring module includes several battery monitoring units, which are used to monitor the battery structural parameters in the charging cell, the surface temperature distribution of the battery in each charging cell during the charging process, and the gas state parameters inside each charging cell in real time. In this embodiment, each charging compartment cavity is equipped with a corresponding battery monitoring unit. The battery monitoring unit includes at least a battery structural parameter acquisition component, a temperature acquisition component, and a gas state parameter acquisition component. The battery structural parameters include at least the battery weight and battery dimensions, which can be monitored in real time by the battery structural parameter acquisition component. The battery structural parameter acquisition component includes a visual sensor or image acquisition device, or a distance sensor or a gravity sensor. The temperature acquisition component includes an infrared array thermal imaging sensor to perform multi-point synchronous monitoring of the battery surface temperature. The gas state parameters include smoke concentration. Since the electrolyte decomposes and splashes when the battery is in thermal runaway state, forming white smoke, the gas state parameter acquisition component includes a smoke sensor to monitor the smoke concentration in real time. It is understood that those skilled in the art can make adaptive adjustments to the placement of the battery monitoring unit, which is not limited here.

[0034] The data analysis module is used to adjust the set angle corresponding to each charging cell based on the battery structure parameters in each charging cell, and to determine the battery charging state based on the battery surface temperature distribution in each charging cell, and to determine whether there is an abnormality in the charging process based on the battery charging state and the gas state parameters inside each charging cell, wherein the battery charging state includes abnormal charging state and warning charging state. Specifically, the data analysis module includes: An angle analysis unit is used to perform a sliding simulation test based on the battery structure parameters within any of the charging cells, so as to adjust the set angle corresponding to the charging cell. In this embodiment, a digital twin model or a battery-skateboard dynamics model corresponding to the charging grid can be constructed. For the battery in the charging grid, the battery structure parameters in the model can be adjusted. With the set angle as the variable and the slide time as the test index, under the same sliding conditions and the electromagnetic lock position limit, the skateboard tilt angle corresponding to the shortest slide time is determined as the set angle.

[0035] Specifically, in this embodiment of the invention, the angle analysis unit conducts a sliding simulation test based on the battery structure parameters within the charging compartment. It can simulate the motion trajectory of batteries of different shapes, match and adaptively adjust the set angle of the gravity-sensing skateboard tilt, and avoid problems such as slow sliding speed and failure to pop up during the battery pop-out process, thereby improving the safety of battery charging.

[0036] A temperature analysis unit is used to determine the key temperature and key temperature change rate of the charging grid based on the temperature distribution of the battery surface in any of the charging grids within a first preset time period, so as to determine the battery charging status. Specifically, the temperature analysis unit determines a key time interval based on the temperature distribution of the battery surface in any of the charging cells within a first preset time period, and determines the key temperature corresponding to the charging cell based on the average temperature of the battery surface in the charging cell within the key time interval. In this embodiment, for any charging cell, the critical time interval is used to accurately capture the high-risk period of sudden local heat release of the battery. The critical time interval is determined based on the average temperature of each monitoring point in each time interval within the first preset time period. Preferably, for any charging cell, the first preset time period is evenly divided into several continuous and non-overlapping time intervals. Each time interval includes several collection time points. At each collection time point, the temperature of each monitoring point on the battery surface is collected, and the average temperature of each monitoring point in each time interval is calculated. The time interval corresponding to the highest average temperature is determined as the critical time interval.

[0037] In this embodiment, for any charging cell, the critical temperature is used to characterize the degree of temperature anomaly on the battery surface within that charging cell; the higher the critical temperature, the more pronounced the temperature anomaly trend. The critical temperature is determined based on the battery surface temperature within the charging cell over a critical time interval. Preferably, the average battery surface temperature within the charging cell over the critical time interval is determined as the critical temperature corresponding to that charging cell.

[0038] Specifically, the temperature analysis unit determines key monitoring points based on the temperature distribution of the battery surface in any of the charging cells within a first preset time period, and constructs a key temperature change curve based on the temperature changes of the key monitoring points within the first preset time period to determine the key temperature change rate corresponding to the charging cell.

[0039] In this embodiment, for any charging grid, key monitoring points are used to characterize the local high temperature distribution on the battery surface within the charging grid. The key monitoring points are determined based on the highest temperature corresponding to each collection time point within a first preset time period. Preferably, for each collection time point within the first preset time period, the monitoring point where the highest temperature corresponding to each collection time point is located is marked, and the monitoring point with the most marked points is determined as the key monitoring point. If the number of marked points is the same, the average of the highest temperatures marked at each monitoring point within the first preset time period is determined as the key point temperature corresponding to each monitoring point, and the monitoring point with the highest key point temperature is determined as the key monitoring point, thereby selecting the monitoring point with the most prominent heat generation.

[0040] In this embodiment, for key monitoring points, the key temperature change rate is used to characterize the temperature rise rate of the key monitoring point. The key temperature change rate is determined based on the slope of the key temperature change curve. Preferably, the key temperature change curve is constructed with time as the independent variable and temperature as the dependent variable, the slope of each position on the curve is calculated, and the maximum slope is determined as the key temperature change rate. The larger the key temperature change rate, the greater the temperature rise rate of the key monitoring point.

[0041] In this embodiment, the battery charging state is determined by comprehensively considering the key temperature and the key temperature change rate. If the key temperature is greater than a preset temperature and the key temperature change rate is greater than a preset temperature change rate, the battery charging state is determined to be an abnormal charging state. At this time, the battery surface temperature is high and the temperature rises rapidly, which may pose a risk of battery thermal runaway. If the key temperature is greater than the preset temperature or the key temperature change rate is greater than the preset temperature change rate, the battery charging state is determined to be a warning charging state. At this time, the battery surface temperature is high or the temperature rises rapidly, but the abnormal conditions are not met simultaneously, which may be a normal charging state, but a warning is required. Through a limited number of charging tests with batteries of the same specifications, the surface temperature and the temperature change rate at each location during the normal charging process of the battery are obtained. The highest temperature during the normal charging process of the battery during the test is set as the preset temperature, and the maximum temperature change rate is set as the preset temperature change rate.

[0042] Specifically, in this embodiment of the invention, the temperature analysis unit accurately determines the battery charging status by comprehensively analyzing the key temperatures and key temperature change rates of the battery within the charging cell, thereby improving the accuracy of battery charging anomaly identification and thus enhancing battery charging safety.

[0043] A gas analysis unit is used to determine whether a key marker exists inside the charging grid based on the gas state parameters inside any of the charging grids. In this embodiment, due to the thermal runaway state of the battery, the electrolyte decomposes and splashes, forming white smoke. For any charging cell, if the smoke concentration inside the charging cell is greater than the preset concentration, it is determined that there is a key marker inside the charging cell. Since there is no smoke inside the charging cell under normal circumstances, the gas filling it should be close to air. Therefore, the preset concentration can be set to 0, or set according to the smoke concentration response threshold required by national standards such as "Standalone Smoke Detector" (GB20517-2006).

[0044] Specifically, in this embodiment of the invention, the gas analysis unit can accurately identify abnormal situations such as battery electrolyte leakage by analyzing the gas state parameters in the charging cell, thereby achieving specific identification of battery fire characteristics and improving the accuracy and comprehensiveness of abnormal identification during the battery charging process.

[0045] An anomaly determination unit is used to determine whether an anomaly has occurred in the charging process based on whether there are key markers inside any of the charging cells and the battery charging status.

[0046] A safety control module is used to determine a safety control method based on the judgment result of the data analysis module, wherein the safety control method includes adjusting the output state of the coolant, adjusting the battery ejection state, and adjusting the power supply state.

[0047] Specifically, the safety control module determines the safety control method based on a first determination condition as adjusting the output state of the coolant to allow the coolant to flow into the first critical charging cell, and adjusting the power state to end the charging of the battery in the first critical charging cell. The first determination condition is that there are no critical markers inside the first critical charging cell and the battery charging state is an abnormal charging state.

[0048] Specifically, the safety control module determines the safety control method as adjusting the battery ejection state based on the second determination condition, so as to eject the batteries in each charging compartment. The second determination condition is that there is a key marker inside any of the charging compartments.

[0049] Specifically, the safety control module determines the safety control method based on a third determination condition as adjusting the output state of the coolant to allow the coolant to flow into the second critical charging cell. The third determination condition is that there are no critical markers inside the second critical charging cell and the battery charging state is a warning charging state.

[0050] Specifically, in this embodiment of the invention, the safety control module improves the accuracy of battery charging anomaly identification by setting multi-level differentiated judgment and safety control strategies. The absence of key markers inside the charging compartment indicates no electrolyte leakage. If the key temperature is greater than a first preset temperature and the rate of change of the key temperature is greater than the first preset rate of change, it indicates an abnormal temperature change during charging. Intervention can be achieved by introducing coolant and ending charging to reduce the battery surface temperature, prevent thermal runaway, and improve charging safety. If the key temperature is greater than a second preset temperature or the rate of change of the key temperature is greater than the second preset rate of change, it indicates an abnormal trend in battery temperature change during charging. Intervention can be achieved by introducing coolant in advance to ensure charging safety. The presence of key markers inside the charging compartment indicates potential electrolyte leakage, suggesting a possible fire. Therefore, the dangerous battery inside the charging compartment is ejected from the charging compartment, removing it from the heat source and the confined environment, thus improving battery charging safety.

[0051] Specifically, each of the charging cells 21 has a heat insulation structure on its inner wall and a coolant outlet 5 at the bottom of its cavity.

[0052] In this embodiment, the specific type and structure of the heat insulation structure are not limited. For example, the heat insulation structure can be set as a nano-aerogel fireproof felt, the coolant outlet can discharge the used coolant, and a waste liquid tank is also provided at the bottom of the charging cabinet to collect the used coolant from each charging compartment.

[0053] The technical solution of the present invention has been described above with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principles of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery safety monitoring system based on multimodal sensor fusion, characterized in that, include: The coolant reservoir is used to store coolant and control the coolant output. The charging cabinet is equipped with several charging compartments. Each charging compartment is equipped with a charging unit and an ejection unit. The charging unit is connected to the battery to output electrical energy to the battery to complete the charging operation and control the power state of the battery. The ejection unit is located at the bottom of the charging compartment cavity to support the battery at a set angle and control the ejection state of the battery. The battery monitoring module includes several battery monitoring units, which are used to monitor the battery structural parameters in the charging cell, the surface temperature distribution of the battery in each charging cell during the charging process, and the gas state parameters inside each charging cell in real time. The data analysis module is used to adjust the set angle corresponding to each charging cell based on the battery structure parameters in each charging cell, and to determine the battery charging state based on the battery surface temperature distribution in each charging cell, and to determine whether there is an abnormality in the charging process based on the battery charging state and the gas state parameters inside each charging cell, wherein the battery charging state includes abnormal charging state and warning charging state. A safety control module is used to determine a safety control method based on the judgment result of the data analysis module, wherein the safety control method includes adjusting the output state of the coolant, adjusting the battery ejection state, and adjusting the power supply state.

2. The battery safety monitoring system based on multimodal sensor fusion according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data analysis module includes: An angle analysis unit is used to perform a sliding simulation test based on the battery structure parameters within any of the charging cells, so as to adjust the set angle corresponding to the charging cell. A temperature analysis unit is used to determine the key temperature and key temperature change rate of the charging grid based on the temperature distribution of the battery surface in any of the charging grids within a first preset time period, so as to determine the battery charging status. A gas analysis unit is used to determine whether a key marker exists inside the charging grid based on the gas state parameters inside any of the charging grids. An anomaly determination unit is used to determine whether an anomaly has occurred in the charging process based on whether there are key markers inside any of the charging cells and the battery charging status.

3. The battery safety monitoring system based on multimodal sensor fusion according to claim 2, characterized in that, The safety control module determines the safety control method based on a first determination condition as adjusting the output state of the coolant to allow the coolant to flow into the first critical charging cell, and adjusting the power state to stop charging the battery in the first critical charging cell. The first determination condition is that there are no critical markers inside the first critical charging cell and the battery charging state is an abnormal charging state.

4. The battery safety monitoring system based on multimodal sensor fusion according to claim 3, characterized in that, The safety control module determines the safety control method as adjusting the battery ejection state based on the second determination condition, so as to eject the batteries in each charging compartment. The second determination condition is that there is a key marker inside any of the charging compartments.

5. The battery safety monitoring system based on multimodal sensor fusion according to claim 4, characterized in that, The safety control module determines the safety control method based on a third determination condition: adjusting the output state of the coolant to allow the coolant to flow into the second critical charging cell. The third determination condition is that there are no critical markers inside the second critical charging cell and the battery charging state is a warning charging state.

6. The battery safety monitoring system based on multimodal sensor fusion according to claim 2 or 5, characterized in that, The temperature analysis unit determines a key time interval based on the temperature distribution of the battery surface in any of the charging cells within a first preset time period, and determines the key temperature corresponding to the charging cell based on the average temperature of the battery surface in the charging cell within the key time interval.

7. The battery safety monitoring system based on multimodal sensor fusion according to claim 6, characterized in that, The temperature analysis unit determines key monitoring points based on the surface temperature distribution of the battery in any of the charging cells within a first preset time period, and constructs a key temperature change curve based on the temperature changes of the key monitoring points within the first preset time period to determine the key temperature change rate corresponding to the charging cell.

8. The battery safety monitoring system based on multimodal sensor fusion according to claim 7, characterized in that, The pop-out unit includes a gravity-sensing slide and an electromagnetic lock. The gravity-sensing slide is disposed inside the corresponding charging compartment cavity and tilted at a set angle to support the battery; The electromagnetic latch is located at the bottom of the inclined surface of the gravity-sensing slide plate and is connected to the back panel door of the corresponding charging compartment. It is used to limit the position of the battery and adjust the opening and closing state of the back panel door of the corresponding charging compartment and the battery ejection state through electromagnetic adsorption.

9. The battery safety monitoring system based on multimodal sensor fusion according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid storage tank is equipped with a liquid level detection unit and a liquid level control unit; The liquid level detection unit is used to monitor the liquid level of the coolant in real time. The liquid level control unit is used to determine the coolant replenishment parameters based on the real-time liquid level of the coolant and the liquid level changes within a second preset time period, wherein the replenishment parameters include replenishment time and replenishment rate.

10. The battery safety monitoring system based on multimodal sensor fusion according to claim 1 or 9, characterized in that, Each charging cell cavity has a heat insulation structure on its inner wall, and a coolant outlet is provided at the bottom of each charging cell cavity.

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