Photovoltaic micro-inverter and energy storage integrated control system

Abstract

The application discloses a photovoltaic micro-inverter and energy storage integrated control system, which comprises a direct-current bus, an inverter unit, a multi-channel power conversion unit, a battery sampling unit and a real-time controller; the multi-channel power conversion unit is used for providing a one-way photovoltaic power generation channel from a photovoltaic module to the direct-current bus and a two-way battery charging and discharging channel between an energy storage battery pack and the direct-current bus; the battery sampling unit is used for collecting parameters of the energy storage battery pack and transmitting the parameters to the real-time controller; the real-time controller simultaneously and parallelly runs a micro-inverter control algorithm and a battery management logic by using a single integrated chip, dynamically adjusts charging and discharging power of the two-way battery charging and discharging channel, and maintains photovoltaic power generation to run at a maximum power point throughout the whole process before the energy storage battery pack is fully charged. The application realizes micro-inverter MPPT, grid-connected control and BMS management by using a single chip, and has low cost, high reliability and high efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of smart microgrids, and in particular relates to an integrated control system for photovoltaic microinverters and energy storage. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional residential photovoltaic microinverters and energy storage systems often adopt a split architecture, with the microinverter and battery management system each equipped with independent control chips. The two rely on a communication bus to complete data interaction, and functions such as anti-reverse current, power dispatch, and fault protection are also implemented through external communication. This architecture has many shortcomings. The dual-chip and matching communication circuits result in high system material costs. Millisecond-level communication delays can cause anti-reverse current regulation to lag, leading to wasted photovoltaic power. Multiple chips and communication nodes also increase the probability of failure, resulting in untimely protection linkage. At the same time, the overall integration is low and the structure is large, which is not conducive to installation in residential scenarios. Moreover, these solutions are mostly used with lithium batteries, which have poor performance over a wide temperature range. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an integrated control system for photovoltaic microinverters and energy storage.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An integrated control system for photovoltaic microinverters and energy storage, including DC bus, used to collect electrical energy from photovoltaic power generation and the charging and discharging energy of energy storage battery packs; The inverter unit is used to convert the DC power from the DC bus into AC power at the power frequency. The multi-channel power conversion unit is used to provide a unidirectional photovoltaic power generation channel from the photovoltaic module to the DC bus, and a bidirectional battery charging and discharging channel between the energy storage battery pack and the DC bus; A battery sampling unit is used to collect parameters of the energy storage battery pack and transmit them to a real-time controller; and The real-time controller uses a single integrated chip to run the micro-inverter control algorithm and battery management logic in parallel. Based on the battery pack parameters collected by the battery sampling unit, the real-time load power, and the photovoltaic output power, it dynamically adjusts the charging and discharging power of the bidirectional battery charging and discharging channels to maintain the photovoltaic power generation at the maximum power point throughout the entire process before the energy storage battery pack is fully charged.

[0005] Furthermore, the multi-channel power conversion unit includes a bidirectional battery charging and discharging channel and at least one unidirectional photovoltaic power generation channel; the input end of each unidirectional photovoltaic power generation channel is connected to the corresponding photovoltaic module, and the output end of each unidirectional photovoltaic power generation channel is connected to the high-voltage DC bus, which is used to boost the power output by the photovoltaic module under the control of the real-time controller and feed the processed power into the high-voltage DC bus; one end of the bidirectional battery charging and discharging channel is connected to the energy storage battery pack, and the other end is connected to the high-voltage DC bus, which is used to realize bidirectional power transmission between the energy storage battery pack and the high-voltage DC bus under the control of the real-time controller, and complete the charging and discharging control of the energy storage battery pack.

[0006] Furthermore, the energy storage battery pack is a sodium battery pack.

[0007] Furthermore, the real-time controller incorporates a real-time dynamic scheduling algorithm to prevent reverse current. This algorithm obtains the power supply through AC side sampling or smart meters. When the power supply approaches the power threshold, the real-time controller directly corrects the pulse width modulation parameters of the bidirectional battery charging and discharging channel within a single integrated chip, transferring the surplus photovoltaic power into the energy storage battery pack.

[0008] Furthermore, the anti-reverse current real-time dynamic scheduling algorithm performs dynamic power scheduling according to the following formula:

[0009] In the formula, Indicates the number of photovoltaic modules; Indicates the index of the photovoltaic module; Indicates the first The power generation capacity of each photovoltaic module; This indicates the power flowing from the energy storage battery pack into the DC bus; This indicates the load power.

[0010] Furthermore, the micro-inverter control algorithm follows the following power allocation priority: Priority is given to meeting the power demand of the AC load side; after meeting the load, the remaining photovoltaic power is stored in the energy storage battery pack by controlling the bidirectional battery charging and discharging channel; and the photovoltaic power generation is maintained at the maximum power point by adjusting the charging and discharging rate.

[0011] Furthermore, the battery management logic employs ampere integration and voltage compensation to manage the charging and discharging of the energy storage battery pack.

[0012] Furthermore, the single integrated chip includes a software logic algorithm layer and a hardware driver peripheral layer. The software logic algorithm layer monitors the operating parameters of the energy storage battery pack in real time through battery management logic, generates photovoltaic duty cycle state mapping signals and battery duty cycle state mapping signals, and generates a fault blocking state mapping signal when parameters are abnormal. The hardware driver peripheral layer has a hardware linkage protection mechanism based on direct mapping of on-chip registers. According to the received state mapping signals, under normal operating conditions, it controls the pulse width modulation drive output of the photovoltaic and battery channels according to the corresponding duty cycle mapping signals. Under fault operating conditions, it directly blocks the pulse width modulation drive output of the entire system at the clock cycle level according to the fault blocking signal.

[0013] Furthermore, the control cycle for power regulation by the real-time controller is synchronized with the switching frequency of the inverter unit.

[0014] Furthermore, the response time of the real-time controller from detecting grid power supply to completing battery charging power adjustment is in the microsecond range.

[0015] This invention employs a single-chip, dual-control architecture, allowing parallel operation of micro-inverter MPPT grid-connected control and BMS management functions within the same chip, breaking through the commonly used separate dual-chip solution in existing technologies. It utilizes a hardware-linked protection mechanism, achieving direct clock-cycle-level linkage between BMS protection signals and HRPWM drive through on-chip registers, eliminating communication delays and significantly improving response speed. Through microsecond-level dynamic power routing technology, it implements an energy allocation strategy that prioritizes load power supply and stores surplus power in the battery, ensuring almost continuous MPPT operation of the photovoltaic system. This significantly outperforms existing anti-reverse current solutions in both response speed and power generation efficiency. The deep integration of sodium-ion batteries and micro-inverter single-chip control fully leverages the wide temperature range characteristics of sodium batteries to enhance all-weather operational reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of an embodiment of the photovoltaic microinverter and energy storage integrated control system of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal hardware and software architecture of a single integrated chip. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. The illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0019] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of an embodiment of the photovoltaic micro-inverter and energy storage integrated control system of the present invention. The photovoltaic micro-inverter and energy storage integrated control system of this embodiment includes a DC bus, an inverter unit, a multi-channel power conversion unit, a battery sampling unit, and a real-time controller. The DC bus is used to collect the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic power generation and the charging and discharging energy of the energy storage battery pack, so as to provide a stable DC voltage for the subsequent stages.

[0020] The input terminal of the inverter unit is connected to the DC bus, and the output terminal is connected to the AC power grid or the load. The inverter unit can adopt a full-bridge inverter circuit to convert the DC power from the DC bus into AC power at the power frequency, so as to realize grid-connected power supply to the AC power grid or power supply to the load grid.

[0021] The multi-channel power conversion unit provides a unidirectional photovoltaic power generation channel from the photovoltaic module to the DC bus, and a bidirectional battery charging and discharging channel between the energy storage battery pack and the DC bus. In this embodiment, the multi-channel power conversion unit includes a bidirectional battery charging and discharging channel and at least one unidirectional photovoltaic power generation channel. The input end of each unidirectional photovoltaic power generation channel is connected to the corresponding photovoltaic module, and the output end of each unidirectional photovoltaic power generation channel is connected to the high-voltage DC bus. This allows for boosting the voltage of the power output from the photovoltaic module under the control of a real-time controller, and then feeding the processed power into the high-voltage DC bus. One end of the bidirectional battery charging and discharging channel is connected to the energy storage battery pack, and the other end is connected to the high-voltage DC bus. This allows for bidirectional power transmission between the energy storage battery pack and the high-voltage DC bus under the control of a real-time controller, thus completing the charging and discharging control of the energy storage battery pack. For example, the multi-channel power conversion unit may include three unidirectional photovoltaic power generation channels, thereby connecting three photovoltaic modules.

[0022] The battery sampling unit is connected to the energy storage battery pack and is used to collect parameters of the energy storage battery pack (such as voltage, current and temperature parameters) and transmit the collected signals to the real-time controller.

[0023] The real-time controller employs a single integrated chip, within which the micro-inverter control algorithm and battery management logic run in parallel. Microsecond-level linkage between battery management protection and pulse-width modulation drive signals is achieved through direct mapping of on-chip registers. The real-time controller dynamically adjusts the charging and discharging power of the bidirectional battery charging and discharging channels based on battery parameters collected by the battery sampling unit, real-time load power, and photovoltaic output power. This prioritizes photovoltaic power supply to the load, with surplus power stored in the energy storage battery pack, ensuring that photovoltaic power generation operates at its maximum power point throughout the entire process until the energy storage battery pack is fully charged. For example, the single integrated chip of the real-time controller can be a TI280039 chip. This implementation achieves self-consumption of photovoltaic power, surplus power storage in batteries, and zero-reverse grid connection through real-time calculation and dynamic power allocation by the real-time controller.

[0024] The real-time controller has a built-in anti-reverse current real-time dynamic scheduling algorithm. The anti-reverse current real-time dynamic scheduling algorithm obtains the power supply through AC side sampling or smart meters. When the power supply approaches the power threshold, the real-time controller directly corrects the pulse width modulation parameters of the bidirectional battery charging and discharging channel within a single integrated chip, transferring the surplus photovoltaic power into the energy storage battery pack.

[0025] The anti-reverse current real-time dynamic scheduling algorithm performs dynamic power scheduling according to the following formula:

[0026] In the formula, Indicates the power of the DC bus; Indicates the number of photovoltaic modules; Indicates the index of the photovoltaic module; Indicates the first The power generation capacity of each photovoltaic module; This represents the power flowing from the energy storage battery pack into the DC bus (positive for discharging, negative for charging). This indicates the load power.

[0027] Based on this, the micro-inverter control algorithm follows the following power allocation priority: The first priority is load demand response, prioritizing the fulfillment of power needs at the AC load end.

[0028] The second priority is energy storage charging response. After the load is met, the remaining photovoltaic power is stored in the energy storage battery pack by controlling the bidirectional battery charging and discharging channel, rather than reducing the photovoltaic MPPT efficiency to reduce the load.

[0029] The energy storage battery pack is preferably a sodium battery pack, so that the real-time controller can take advantage of the wide temperature range characteristics of sodium batteries to better maintain the photovoltaic power generation at the maximum power point by adjusting the charge and discharge rate under extreme ambient temperatures.

[0030] The battery management logic can use ampere integration and voltage compensation to manage the charge and discharge of the energy storage battery pack. The specific formula is as follows:

[0031] In the formula, This indicates the initial moment of charging and discharging; that is, the starting time point of this SOC calculation. This indicates the current time; that is, the time endpoint of SOC calculation. Indicates the current state of charge of the battery pack; This indicates the initial state of charge of the battery pack; Indicates the capacity of the energy storage battery pack; This represents the coulombic efficiency (charging efficiency), which is a dimensionless coefficient. This represents the real-time charging and discharging current of the energy storage battery pack; it is defined as: the current is positive during discharge and negative during charging. This indicates the compensation value obtained from the correction table based on voltage and temperature. The correction table is related to battery voltage V and temperature T and is used to compensate for the SOC calculation deviation caused by current sampling error, coulomb efficiency fluctuation, battery aging and temperature effects in the ampere-hour integration method, so that the final SOC value is closer to the real state.

[0032] The single integrated chip has a hardware linkage protection mechanism based on direct mapping of on-chip registers. The linkage protection mechanism includes: real-time monitoring of the voltage, current and temperature parameters of the energy storage battery pack through battery management logic; when any parameter exceeds a preset safety threshold, the single integrated chip does not rely on an external communication bus, but directly blocks the pulse width modulation drive (HRPWM) output of the entire system at the clock cycle level through the chip's internal logic circuit or interrupt controller; the battery management logic can also dynamically limit the maximum output power of the inverter unit according to the health status and real-time temperature of the energy storage battery pack, realizing closed-loop control of power conversion and battery protection.

[0033] Please see Figure 2 The single integrated chip of the real-time controller can be divided into two main layers: a hardware driver peripheral layer (lower-level hardware) and a software logic algorithm layer (upper-level software). The hardware driver peripheral layer is responsible for directly generating drive signals without relying on software scheduling; the software logic algorithm layer is responsible for running control algorithms, state estimation, and logical decisions. The two layers achieve a complete control closed loop from signal acquisition and algorithm processing to drive output through a hardware linkage mechanism based on on-chip registers, without requiring an external communication bus.

[0034] Specifically, the hardware driver peripheral layer may include a register hardware-level linkage module, a photovoltaic HRPWM generator, and a battery HRPWM generator. The register hardware-level linkage module is used to implement a direct hardware connection channel between BMS (Battery Management System) protection signals and drive blocking signals. Its working principle is as follows: once the BMS state estimation and protection module in the software logic algorithm layer detects a fault, it sets the protection register bit inside the chip; this protection register bit is directly mapped to the hardware linkage logic, automatically blocking all subsequent HRPWM outputs at the clock cycle level (microsecond level), without relying on software task scheduling or an external bus.

[0035] The register hardware-level linkage module is not a single, independent hardware module, but rather a collective term for the state / control register group, hardware logic circuits, and peripheral linkage paths within the chip that collectively implement the register hardware linkage mechanism. The state / control register group is divided into protection flag registers, HRPWM enable registers, etc. The hardware logic circuits include pure hardware gate circuits and interrupt logic, without CPU or software involvement, and are used to monitor the flag bits of the aforementioned registers in real time. Once the bit state changes, a control signal is immediately output. The peripheral linkage path refers to the hardware signal path within the chip connecting the register hardware-level linkage module and various peripherals (such as HRPWM, ADC, and communication modules), used to transmit configuration, control, status, and blocking signals.

[0036] For example, when battery sampling parameters exceed limits, the battery management software rewrites the protection flag register (setting the fault bit); the on-chip hardware logic circuit monitors the register's status in real time and responds immediately upon detecting the fault bit; the hardware path directly acts on the enable pin of the HRPWM peripheral, blocking the drive output at the clock cycle level; the entire process is executed on the hardware path, with the register status directly connected to the hardware logic, skipping CPU scheduling, and without any software intervention, achieving a response speed at the chip clock cycle level. In contrast, ordinary linkage uses software to read the status, CPU to perform calculations and judgments, and software to issue instructions to modify the HRPWM register, resulting in instruction execution delays and slower response speeds.

[0037] The photovoltaic HRPWM generator is used to generate high-frequency drive signals HRPWM1 for multiple unidirectional photovoltaic power generation channels to achieve maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The duty cycle is calculated by the MPPT algorithm module of the software logic algorithm layer and written to the corresponding register. The hardware automatically generates waveforms to control the conversion of photovoltaic power.

[0038] The battery HRPWM generator is used to generate the drive signal HRPWM2 for the bidirectional battery charge and discharge channel, controlling the charging and discharging power of the energy storage battery pack. The dynamic power allocation module of the software logic algorithm layer adjusts the duty cycle in real time to achieve functions such as surplus power charging, reverse current prevention, and peak shaving and valley filling.

[0039] The software logic algorithm layer may include a BMS state estimation and protection module, an MPPT algorithm module, a dynamic power allocation module, a TTL communication module, and a data storage module. Among these, the BMS state estimation and protection module is the core software module. Its input signals are sampled signals (battery voltage, current, temperature, etc.) used to calculate the battery's state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) in real time; determine whether the battery is over-voltage, under-voltage, over-current, or over-temperature; once a safety threshold is triggered, immediately write a fault blocking signal to the register hardware-level linkage module; and output the real-time battery status to the dynamic power allocation module to limit the inverter unit's power.

[0040] The MPPT algorithm unit receives voltage and current sampling values ​​from the unidirectional photovoltaic (PV) power generation channel as input signals. These values ​​are used to run the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm to calculate the optimal duty cycle of the unidirectional PV power generation channel and write the results into the register corresponding to the PV HRPWM generator in the register hardware-level linkage module, thereby maximizing PV power. The MPPT algorithm module will maintain PV power generation at its maximum power point throughout the entire process until the energy storage battery pack is fully charged.

[0041] Once the energy storage battery pack is fully charged, the system will exit the regular MPPT tracking mode and enter a power-limited operation state if the photovoltaic output power approaches or reaches the power threshold (generally set according to the real-time load power, which can be equal to or slightly lower than the real-time load power). At this time, the MPPT algorithm unit dynamically reduces the duty cycle of the unidirectional photovoltaic power generation channel based on the DC bus voltage feedback signal, and writes it to the corresponding register of the photovoltaic HRPWM generator through the register hardware-level linkage module. This reduces the output power on the photovoltaic side, limiting excess power to the photovoltaic side, avoiding DC bus overvoltage and power waste, and maintaining stable system operation until the load power increases or the battery pack requires discharge.

[0042] The input signals of the dynamic power allocation module are the real-time battery status (SOC, SOH, temperature) from the BMS status estimation and protection module and the sampled values ​​of load power and grid power from the AC side. It is used to allocate power according to the priority of load, battery charging with remaining power, and reverse current prevention. It also calculates the charge and discharge duty cycle of the bidirectional battery charge and discharge channel and writes it into the register corresponding to the battery HRPWM generator in the register hardware-level linkage module. It dynamically limits the maximum output power of the inverter unit according to the battery status to realize a closed loop of power conversion and battery protection.

[0043] The TTL communication module is mainly used for data interaction with external devices (such as smart meters and host computers) for parameter configuration, status monitoring, and fault reporting. It is used for non-real-time data interaction and does not participate in fault protection or power control. The data storage module is mainly used to record battery status, system operation data, fault logs, etc., for data analysis and fault backtracking.

[0044] The complete workflow for software and hardware integration includes four stages: The process begins with a sampling phase, where the analog front-end sampling unit sends voltage and current signals from the battery, photovoltaic system, and load into the chip. Next comes the software calculation phase: the BMS module estimates the SOC / SOH and determines if the battery is abnormal; the MPPT unit calculates the optimal duty cycle for the photovoltaic system; and the dynamic power allocation module calculates the charge / discharge duty cycle for the battery channels based on the load and battery status. Then comes the normal operation phase, where the software writes the calculated duty cycle into the corresponding HRPWM register, and the hardware driver peripheral layer automatically generates drive signals to control the power conversion of the photovoltaic and battery channels. When the BMS module detects that battery parameters exceed limits, a fault protection phase is initiated. The software immediately sets the fault register bit, and the register hardware-level linkage module automatically blocks all HRPWM outputs at the clock cycle level. The entire process requires no CPU scheduling or external bus communication, with a response time in the microsecond range.

[0045] The core innovations of the above architecture are reflected in four aspects: First, single-chip integrated control, which simultaneously realizes photovoltaic MPPT, inverter control, and BMS state estimation and protection within a single chip, replacing the traditional dual MCU + external communication architecture; Second, hardware-level linkage protection, which achieves microsecond-level blocking of BMS fault signals to HRPWM drive through direct mapping of on-chip registers, with no communication delay; Third, deep closed-loop power conversion and battery protection, where the real-time state of the BMS module directly participates in dynamic power allocation, realizing closed-loop control where battery state determines power output; Fourth, layered decoupling of control and protection, with the software logic algorithm layer responsible for algorithm decision-making and the hardware driver peripheral layer responsible for rapid protection, balancing control flexibility and system security.

[0046] The control cycle of the real-time controller for power regulation is preferably synchronized with the switching frequency of the inverter unit. The switching transistors (such as MOSFETs) in the inverter unit are repeatedly switched on and off at high speed; the frequency of this switching is the switching frequency. The interval between the real-time controller calculating the power and adjusting the drive parameters is called the control cycle. Synchronization means that the controller immediately calculates and adjusts the power each time it performs a switching action. Both have the same frequency, are aligned in time, and are without delay or misalignment. Upon detecting reverse current, it immediately corrects the issue in the next switching cycle, making the adjustment more timely, without lag or fluctuation, ensuring the power doesn't fluctuate wildly, and truly achieving microsecond-level response. That is, the response time of the real-time controller from detecting grid power supply to completing battery charging power regulation is in the microsecond range.

[0047] In this embodiment, a single chip replaces the traditional dual-MCU solution, and the communication bus is eliminated, significantly reducing costs and enhancing the product's market competitiveness. Reverse current control and fault protection are improved from millisecond-level to microsecond-level, resulting in a substantial increase in response speed and completely eliminating safety hazards caused by communication delays. Simultaneously, system reliability is fundamentally enhanced. Relying on a hardware-level linkage protection mechanism, power output can be shut down instantly in case of a fault, constructing a higher level of safety redundancy. Regarding power generation efficiency, through a strategy of full-process MPPT tracking of photovoltaic power and priority storage of surplus electricity, optimal energy management is achieved, ensuring zero waste of power generation by enabling self-consumption of photovoltaic power, storage of surplus electricity in batteries, and zero reverse current to the grid. Furthermore, the system is optimized for the wide temperature range characteristics of sodium batteries, enabling stable operation in extreme temperature environments and significantly improving environmental adaptability. The overall architecture is highly integrated and compact, making it more suitable for the installation requirements of residential distributed photovoltaic energy storage scenarios.

[0048] The above embodiments merely illustrate preferred implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic micro-inverter and energy storage integrated control system, characterized in that: include DC bus, used to collect electrical energy from photovoltaic power generation and the charging and discharging energy of energy storage battery packs; The inverter unit is used to convert the DC power from the DC bus into AC power at the power frequency. The multi-channel power conversion unit is used to provide a unidirectional photovoltaic power generation channel from the photovoltaic module to the DC bus, and a bidirectional battery charging and discharging channel between the energy storage battery pack and the DC bus; The battery sampling unit is used to collect parameters of the energy storage battery pack and transmit them to the real-time controller; as well as The real-time controller uses a single integrated chip to run the micro-inverter control algorithm and battery management logic in parallel. Based on the battery pack parameters collected by the battery sampling unit, the real-time load power, and the photovoltaic output power, it dynamically adjusts the charging and discharging power of the bidirectional battery charging and discharging channels to maintain the photovoltaic power generation at the maximum power point throughout the entire process before the energy storage battery pack is fully charged.

2. The photovoltaic micro-inverter and energy storage integrated control system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-channel power conversion unit includes a bidirectional battery charging and discharging channel and at least one unidirectional photovoltaic power generation channel. The input end of each unidirectional photovoltaic power generation channel is connected to the corresponding photovoltaic module, and the output end of each unidirectional photovoltaic power generation channel is connected to the high-voltage DC bus. Under the control of the real-time controller, the channel is used to boost the output power of the photovoltaic module and convert it into voltage, and then feed the processed power into the high-voltage DC bus. One end of the bidirectional battery charging and discharging channel is connected to the energy storage battery pack, and the other end is connected to the high-voltage DC bus. Under the control of the real-time controller, the channel is used to realize bidirectional power transmission between the energy storage battery pack and the high-voltage DC bus, and to complete the charging and discharging control of the energy storage battery pack.

3. The photovoltaic micro-inverter and energy storage integrated control system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage battery pack is a sodium battery pack.

4. The photovoltaic micro-inverter and energy storage integrated control system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The real-time controller has a built-in anti-reverse current real-time dynamic scheduling algorithm. The anti-reverse current real-time dynamic scheduling algorithm obtains the power supply through AC side sampling or smart meters. When the power supply approaches the power threshold, the real-time controller directly corrects the pulse width modulation parameters of the bidirectional battery charging and discharging channel within a single integrated chip, transferring the surplus photovoltaic power into the energy storage battery pack.

5. The photovoltaic micro-inverter and energy storage integrated control system as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The anti-reverse current real-time dynamic scheduling algorithm performs dynamic power scheduling according to the following formula: In the formula, Indicates the number of photovoltaic modules; Indicates the index of the photovoltaic module; Indicates the first The power generation capacity of each photovoltaic module; This indicates the power flowing from the energy storage battery pack into the DC bus; This indicates the load power.

6. The photovoltaic micro-inverter and energy storage integrated control system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The microinverter control algorithm follows the following power allocation priority: Priority is given to meeting the power demand of the AC load side; after meeting the load, the remaining photovoltaic power is stored in the energy storage battery pack by controlling the bidirectional battery charging and discharging channel; and the photovoltaic power generation is maintained at the maximum power point by adjusting the charging and discharging rate.

7. The photovoltaic micro-inverter and energy storage integrated control system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The battery management logic uses ampere integration and voltage compensation to manage the charging and discharging of the energy storage battery pack.

8. The photovoltaic micro-inverter and energy storage integrated control system as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The single integrated chip includes a software logic algorithm layer and a hardware driver peripheral layer. The software logic algorithm layer monitors the operating parameters of the energy storage battery pack in real time through battery management logic, generates photovoltaic duty cycle state mapping signals and battery duty cycle state mapping signals, and generates a fault blocking state mapping signal when parameters are abnormal. The hardware driver peripheral layer has a hardware linkage protection mechanism based on direct mapping of on-chip registers. According to the received state mapping signals, under normal operating conditions, it controls the pulse width modulation drive output of the photovoltaic and battery channels according to the corresponding duty cycle mapping signals. Under fault operating conditions, it directly blocks the pulse width modulation drive output of the entire system at the clock cycle level according to the fault blocking signal.

9. The photovoltaic micro-inverter and energy storage integrated control system as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The control cycle of the real-time controller for power regulation is synchronized with the switching frequency of the inverter unit.

10. The photovoltaic micro-inverter and energy storage integrated control system as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The real-time controller has a response time in the microsecond range from detecting grid power supply to completing battery charging power adjustment.

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