Fine-tuning-oriented friendly new energy station architecture design method and system

Abstract

The application discloses a friendly new energy station architecture design method and system for fine regulation, constructs a four-level layered architecture composed of a master station layer, a monitoring layer, a rapid control layer and a controlled equipment layer, forms a compact control link of instruction issuing-information uploading-closed loop regulation, deploys an integrated coordination control device on the master station layer, integrates an existing new energy panoramic monitoring system, and reuses an emergency state monitoring device and a source control terminal, and each layer cooperatively completes stable control, wide frequency oscillation monitoring and suppression, rapid AGC / AVC, active and reactive power coordination and system strength evaluation; based on the evaluation and monitoring results, a control strategy is generated according to a priority fast regulation and emergency removal mechanism, and is issued for execution, and the execution result is closed loop fed back and the state is updated; the application relieves the problem of redundancy and fragmentation of the traditional architecture, and improves the adaptability of the station to the fine examination demand.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of new energy power generation and control technology, and in particular relates to a user-friendly new energy power station architecture design method and system for refined regulation. Background Technology

[0002] With the deepening of the goal of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality", the installed capacity of new energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaics is increasing day by day, and the large-scale grid connection of new energy power plants has become an inevitable trend in the development of new power systems. At the same time, after 2025, the assessment of new energy AGC will enter a period of refinement and intensive development, and policies will place higher demands on the regulation rate, accuracy and "observable, measurable, adjustable and controllable" capabilities of power plants.

[0003] To address these challenges, existing renewable energy power plants are exploring various technical solutions. Some solutions deploy phasor measurement units (PMUs) in conjunction with wide-area monitoring and control platforms to enhance fault detection and response capabilities; others utilize 5G communication to build a centralized control architecture, achieving second-level dynamic adjustment through central scheduling layer commands. At the local control level, traditional power plants often use industrial PCs or PLCs as controllers, relying on traditional communication protocols to complete data interaction between subsystems.

[0004] However, existing technical solutions still have significant drawbacks. First, their architecture is loose and functionally fragmented, with a lack of coordination between systems, resulting in low device reuse rates, redundant configurations, and high investment and maintenance costs. Second, their control capabilities are insufficient, relying on central commands and lacking unit-level autonomous control. Furthermore, the limited computing power of local controllers makes it difficult to meet advanced functional requirements such as rapid reactive power response, wideband oscillation suppression, and localized power prediction and inference. Third, their security and adaptability are poor, lacking regional isolation, with a single control strategy, and unable to perform online identification and adaptive adjustment based on changes in grid system strength, making it difficult to meet the current requirements for rapid closed-loop control and high regulation accuracy in refined assessments. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of this invention is to provide a user-friendly new energy power station architecture design method and system that features a clear and collaborative architecture, rapid and autonomous control, comprehensive functions, and strong safety adaptability, in order to alleviate the problems of redundant and fragmented architecture, lack of unit-level autonomous control, and inability to meet the requirements of refined assessment in the existing technology.

[0006] Technical solution: The environmentally friendly new energy power station architecture design method for refined regulation described in this invention includes the following steps:

[0007] S1. Construct a four-level hierarchical architecture for new energy power stations. The four-level hierarchical architecture includes, from top to bottom, the master station layer, the monitoring layer, the rapid control layer, and the controlled equipment layer. Each level is connected by a control link according to the command issuance, information upload, and closed-loop adjustment.

[0008] S2, Deploy an integrated coordination and control device for new energy power stations at the main station layer, and integrate the integrated coordination and control device for new energy power stations into the existing new energy panoramic monitoring system, while reusing the emergency monitoring device and the source control terminal;

[0009] S3, establish an information interaction link between the master station layer, monitoring layer, fast control layer and controlled device layer through a high-speed communication protocol;

[0010] S4, the master station layer, monitoring layer, fast control layer and controlled equipment layer work together to complete stable control, broadband oscillation monitoring and suppression, fast AGC / AVC, active and reactive steady-state coordinated control and system strength assessment;

[0011] S5. Based on the system strength assessment results and wideband oscillation monitoring results, a control strategy is generated according to the priority fast adjustment + emergency cut-off control mechanism and sent to the fast control layer for execution.

[0012] S6 performs closed-loop feedback and status updates on the control execution results to form a user-friendly new energy power station architecture design scheme.

[0013] This invention constructs a four-level hierarchical architecture and establishes a closed loop of instructions and information from the master station to the equipment layer, forming a clear and hierarchically collaborative basic framework. By integrating and reusing the integrated coordination and control device with existing systems, it alleviates the problems of functional fragmentation and communication redundancy between different levels in traditional architectures without significantly increasing hardware investment. The combination of high-speed information interaction links and a control mechanism of priority fast adjustment + emergency cut-off enables rapid autonomous response to complex operating conditions such as wideband oscillations and voltage frequency fluctuations, improving the current situation of insufficient unit-level autonomous control capabilities. Finally, through system strength assessment, steady-state / transient multi-mode coordination, and closed-loop feedback state updates, it enhances the adaptability of new energy power plants in terms of refined regulation and grid-friendly access, helping to alleviate the problem that existing technologies cannot meet the requirements of refined assessment.

[0014] Preferably, in the four-level hierarchical architecture described in step S1: the master station layer includes a stability control device, a broadband oscillation monitoring and control device, and an integrated coordination control device for new energy power plants; the monitoring layer includes an emergency monitoring device; the rapid control layer includes a source control terminal, an energy storage power management system, a static var generator control and protection system, and a synchronous condenser control and protection system; the controlled equipment layer includes a photovoltaic data acquisition unit, a wind turbine energy management system, an energy storage converter, a static var generator converter, a synchronous condenser, and a capacitor reactor.

[0015] This four-tiered architecture forms a clear functional chain from global coordination to rapid local response by specifically deploying and defining the roles of key equipment in the master station layer, monitoring layer, rapid control layer, and controlled equipment layer. The master station layer integrates stability control, broadband oscillation monitoring, and integrated coordinated control devices, enabling the overall coordination of multi-objective control needs. The monitoring layer is equipped with emergency monitoring devices to improve response timeliness under abnormal conditions. The rapid control layer, through a combination of source control terminals and various power / control and protection systems, possesses rapid intervention capabilities for diverse resources such as energy storage, SVG, and synchronous condensers. The controlled equipment layer covers photovoltaic, wind turbines, energy storage converters, SVG, synchronous condensers, and reactive power compensation equipment, achieving precise perception and execution of multiple types of terminals from source to storage to load. Overall, this architecture alleviates the problems of functional overlap and unclear equipment affiliation between layers in traditional designs, enhancing the adaptability of collaborative regulation and rapid control for complex operating scenarios in new energy power plants.

[0016] Preferably, the master station layer, monitoring layer, fast control layer, and controlled device layer respectively undertake the following functions:

[0017] The main station layer is responsible for comprehensive monitoring, data processing, steady-state control, emergency control, and oscillation control functions.

[0018] The monitoring layer is responsible for information relay and command forwarding between the main station layer and the rapid control layer;

[0019] The fast control layer is responsible for acquiring operating conditions, executing commands, and performing wideband oscillation analysis.

[0020] The controlled device layer is responsible for executing control commands and providing operational status feedback.

[0021] The above functional division clarifies the professional positioning of each level in the control chain within the four-level hierarchical architecture: the main station layer coordinates comprehensive monitoring, data processing, and steady-state / emergency / oscillation multi-mode control, supporting global decision-making and handling complex operating conditions; the monitoring layer undertakes information relay and command forwarding, playing a connecting role between layers and alleviating the problem of inefficient scheduling between levels; the rapid control layer focuses on operating condition acquisition, command execution, and wideband oscillation analysis, enhancing localized rapid response capabilities; and the controlled equipment layer is dedicated to command execution and status feedback, ensuring the final implementation of control actions and information closure. Overall, this functional layout helps alleviate the problems of ambiguous hierarchical responsibilities and low efficiency in information and command transmission in traditional architectures, improving the overall control continuity of new energy power plants from global coordination to local execution.

[0022] Preferably, the high-speed communication protocol mentioned in step S3 includes an industrial Ethernet communication protocol and a substation communication protocol. The master station layer, monitoring layer, fast control layer and controlled equipment layer exchange information through a communication link. The master station layer integrates station-level frequency regulation control, station-level voltage regulation control, online identification and adaptive adjustment of system strength, broadband oscillation monitoring and control, power grid stability control, power grid AGC and power grid AVC functions, and constructs a coordinated control model for active power and reactive power.

[0023] This solution establishes a high-speed information exchange link between a four-level hierarchical architecture using industrial Ethernet and substation communication protocols, providing a communication foundation for multi-level coordinated control. The master station layer integrates functions such as station-level frequency and voltage regulation control, online system strength identification and adaptive adjustment, broadband oscillation monitoring and control, grid stability control, and grid AGC / AVC, and establishes a coordinated control model for active and reactive power. This design alleviates the difficulties in multi-functional coupling caused by inconsistent communication mechanisms and information transmission delays in traditional architectures, helping to improve the comprehensive control capabilities of new energy power plants in areas such as frequency and voltage support, system strength assessment, and broadband oscillation response.

[0024] Preferably, the fast control layer adopts a priority adaptive control strategy, which dynamically tracks the control objects and disturbance factors of different devices by setting the unit adjustment priority, and allocates control commands according to the device type, installed capacity and communication link status.

[0025] This rapid control layer employs a priority-adaptive control strategy, which dynamically allocates control commands based on equipment type, installed capacity, and communication link status, and continuously tracks the control objects and disturbance factors of different devices. This mechanism alleviates the problems of rigid command allocation and insufficient adaptability to equipment differences and communication status in traditional control methods, helping to improve the ability of new energy power plants to coordinate and schedule diverse resources under complex operating conditions, and enhancing the pertinence and flexibility of control response.

[0026] Preferably, the online identification and adaptive adjustment of system strength includes: identifying system strength based on real-time short-circuit ratio RSCR, critical real-time short-circuit ratio CRSCR, broadband system strength index SSAM(f), and full-dimensional online strength index FOSI by collecting power grid operating parameters and substation output parameters, wherein:

[0027]

[0028] In the formula, To obtain the real-time Thevenin equivalent potential for online identification, Z th,real The real-time Thevenin equivalent impedance obtained through online identification, This is the conjugate value of the real-time Thevenin equivalent impedance. Let be the rated apparent power of node i;

[0029]

[0030] In the formula, Let i be the rated voltage. Let be the equivalent potential at node i. Let P be the self-impedance of node i. max The maximum active power of the node. Let i be the reactive power of node i, where i is the node number;

[0031]

[0032] In the formula, For the system's broadband impedance matrix, For the small-signal impedance in the dq domain of the converter, For the smallest singular value, For frequency;

[0033]

[0034] In the formula, , These are the weighting coefficients, and ω1 + ω2 = 1. The dominant oscillation frequency is obtained from the online identification of the main station layer device.

[0035] This scheme identifies system strength from multiple perspectives by collecting power grid and power plant operating parameters and comprehensively utilizing real-time short-circuit ratio, critical real-time short-circuit ratio, broadband system strength index, and full-dimensional online strength index. Specifically, the real-time short-circuit ratio is constructed based on Thevenin equivalent potential and impedance; the critical real-time short-circuit ratio incorporates rated voltage and self-impedance constraints; the broadband system strength index integrates the singular value characteristics of the system's broadband impedance matrix and the small-signal impedance of the converter; and the full-dimensional online strength index integrates the dominant oscillation frequency identified at the master station level through weighted aggregation. This multi-index fusion identification method alleviates the problems of single-dimensionality assessment and insufficient consideration of broadband characteristics in traditional system strength evaluation, helping to improve the strength perception capability of new energy power plants under complex oscillation conditions and providing a more comprehensive basis for subsequent control strategy generation.

[0036] Preferably, the online system strength identification and adaptive adjustment function further includes weak system strength early warning determination, wherein the weak system strength early warning determination is based on the following condition:

[0037]

[0038] When any of the conditions are met, a weak system strength early warning signal is generated, and the reactive power support plan and / or tripping plan are invoked.

[0039] This scheme, based on online system strength identification, further establishes a weak system strength early warning judgment mechanism. When any of the following conditions—real-time short-circuit ratio, critical real-time short-circuit ratio, broadband system strength index, or all-dimensional online strength index—meets the early warning threshold, a weak system strength early warning signal is generated, and reactive power support plans and / or generator tripping plans are automatically invoked. This judgment and response linkage mechanism alleviates the problems of lagging identification of system strength degradation states, lack of hierarchical early warning, and invocation of supporting control plans in traditional methods, and helps to improve the proactive defense and adaptive adjustment capabilities of new energy power plants under weak grid conditions.

[0040] Preferably, the main station layer, monitoring layer, fast control layer and controlled device layer adopt a partitioned isolation design, which is divided into a core control area, a connection area, an execution area and a device area, respectively. Firewalls and access control lists are set between each area, and access control is used to ensure that only authorized devices can access the corresponding area.

[0041] This solution employs a partitioned isolation design for the main station layer, monitoring layer, rapid control layer, and controlled device layer, corresponding to the core control area, connection area, execution area, and device area, respectively. Firewalls and access control lists are deployed between each area, and access control ensures that only authorized devices can access the corresponding areas. This layered, partitioned, and access-controlled architecture alleviates the security risks caused by the blurred boundaries between layers and insufficient cross-layer access control in traditional power station control systems, and helps improve the network security isolation level and operational reliability of new energy power station control systems across different areas.

[0042] Preferably, the broadband oscillation monitoring and control includes: acquiring analog data in real time through the broadband oscillation monitoring and control device of the master station layer and the source control terminal of the fast control layer, identifying the location and characteristics of the oscillation source, and generating oscillation suppression commands for execution.

[0043] This solution utilizes a broadband oscillation monitoring and control device at the master station layer, in collaboration with the source control terminal at the rapid control layer, to collect analog data in real time, identify the location and characteristics of oscillation sources, and then generate and execute oscillation suppression commands. This cross-layer collaborative monitoring and control mechanism alleviates the problems of separation between sensing and execution and insufficient timeliness in oscillation source location in traditional broadband oscillation processing, and helps improve the ability of new energy power plants to quickly identify and suppress broadband oscillations on-site.

[0044] Secondly, the user-friendly new energy power station architecture design system for refined regulation described in this invention includes: a master station layer, a monitoring layer, a rapid control layer, and a controlled equipment layer.

[0045] The main station layer consists of a stability control device, a broadband oscillation monitoring and control device, and a new energy integrated coordination control device. The three are interconnected to achieve information sharing and collaborative work. The main station layer is connected to the monitoring layer through a high-speed communication link.

[0046] The monitoring layer consists of an emergency monitoring device, which is connected to the main station layer and the fast control layer respectively, and is used to collect, upload and forward instructions using a high-speed communication protocol.

[0047] The fast control layer consists of a source control terminal, an energy storage power management system, a static var generator control and protection system, and a synchronous condenser control and protection system. The fast control layer is connected to the monitoring layer and the controlled equipment layer through high-speed communication links.

[0048] The controlled equipment layer consists of a photovoltaic data acquisition unit, a wind turbine energy management system, an energy storage converter, a static var generator converter, a synchronous condenser, and a capacitor reactor. Each component is connected to the fast control layer to execute control commands and provide feedback on the operating status.

[0049] The master station layer, monitoring layer, rapid control layer, and controlled device layer are connected sequentially from top to bottom to form a closed-loop control system of command issuance, information upload, and closed-loop adjustment.

[0050] Thirdly, the present invention also provides a computer device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program that can be loaded by the processor and executed by the processor to design the friendly new energy power station architecture for fine-tuning.

[0051] Fourthly, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the aforementioned user-friendly new energy power station architecture design method for fine-tuning control.

[0052] Beneficial Effects: Compared with existing technologies, this invention has the following significant advantages: 1. By constructing a four-level hierarchical architecture consisting of a master station layer, a monitoring layer, a rapid control layer, and a controlled equipment layer, this invention forms a compact control link of command issuance, information uploading, and closed-loop adjustment. It reuses existing emergency monitoring devices and source control terminals, alleviating the problems of redundancy and fragmentation in traditional architectures and the lack of unit-level autonomous control, and improving the adaptability of the site to refined assessment requirements; 2. By using high-speed communication protocols to establish information interaction links between layers, the master station layer, monitoring layer, rapid control layer, and controlled equipment layer collaboratively complete tasks such as stable control, broadband oscillation monitoring and suppression, and rapid AGC / AVC. Based on the priority fast adjustment + emergency cut-off mechanism, it autonomously generates control strategies and issues them for execution, alleviating the problems of response lag and untimely regulation; 3. It integrates multiple functions such as system strength assessment, broadband oscillation monitoring, and active and reactive power steady-state coordinated control. Through closed-loop feedback and state updates, it forms a user-friendly architecture design scheme, which can adapt to the regulation requirements under different operating scenarios, alleviating the problems of incomplete functions and insufficient safety adaptability of existing sites. Attached Figure Description

[0053] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the layered architecture of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 2 This is a control function diagram of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0055] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0056] This invention provides a user-friendly new energy power station architecture design method for refined regulation, including: developing an integrated coordination and control device for new energy power stations and fully integrating it into the existing new energy panoramic monitoring system, reusing emergency monitoring devices and source control terminals, to achieve the organic integration and coordinated operation of various functional systems, and jointly complete core functions such as stable control, broadband oscillation monitoring and suppression, fast AGC / AVC, active and reactive steady-state coordinated control and system strength assessment.

[0057] like Figure 1 The diagram illustrates a four-level hierarchical architecture for a user-friendly new energy power station designed for refined control, as provided in this embodiment of the invention. This architecture comprises four levels: the main station layer, the monitoring layer, the rapid control layer, and the controlled equipment layer. Each level is sequentially connected from top to bottom, forming a complete control chain of "command issuance - information upload - closed-loop adjustment." The responsibilities and division of labor at each level are clearly defined, enabling equipment channel reuse and configuration simplification, thereby reducing equipment investment and maintenance costs. The four-level architecture draws upon the concept of four-level centralized control, achieving full-process management from the scheduling layer (cloud), the regional layer (main station layer), the station layer (monitoring layer + rapid control layer), to the equipment layer (controlled equipment layer).

[0058] In this embodiment, the composition and functional configuration of each level are described below.

[0059] Main station layer configuration: The main station layer consists of a stability control device, a wideband oscillation monitoring and control device, and a new energy integrated coordination control device. These three components are connected via high-speed Ethernet to achieve information sharing and collaborative operation. The new energy integrated coordination control device employs a high-performance multi-core ARM processor and features multiple network ports, serial ports, and other rich interfaces, allowing easy connection to various field devices such as weather stations, inverters, meters, and protection devices. It can adapt to the harsh environments of new energy power plants, including high temperature, high humidity, and wide voltage fluctuations. It incorporates an AGC / AVC control engine, a power prediction module, and an intelligent decision-making module, supporting containerized deployment and remote updates.

[0060] The specific functions of the main site layer are implemented as follows:

[0061] (1) Comprehensive monitoring function: Through the new energy integrated coordination and control device, the operating status of all equipment connected to the system in the new energy power station is monitored in real time, including wind turbines, photovoltaic arrays, energy storage equipment, SVG converters, synchronous condensers, capacitors and reactors, etc. The output power, voltage, current and operating status of the equipment are collected, as well as the voltage, frequency and power of the grid connection point, so as to realize the unified monitoring and visualization of all equipment in the field.

[0062] (2) Data processing function: Store, classify, analyze and mine the information sent from each level in the station, and generate daily / weekly / monthly / yearly operation reports, fault alarm information, optimization control suggestions, etc. At the same time, deploy ultra-short-term power prediction algorithm (prediction period is 15 minutes to 4 hours), collect local meteorological data (irradiance, wind speed, temperature, cloud image) and equipment operation status data in real time, and perform minute-level ultra-short-term power prediction to provide data support for active / reactive power optimization allocation.

[0063] (3) Steady-state control function: Receives AGC and AVC commands from the power grid dispatch control center, combines ultra-short-term power forecast results with the actual operating conditions of the power station, optimizes the allocation of active and reactive power through the AGC / AVC control engine, and sends control commands to the monitoring layer. The master station layer rationally allocates active power commands for wind power, photovoltaics, and energy storage based on the predicted output of wind power and photovoltaics and the SOC status of energy storage, realizing closed-loop rapid adjustment of active power, ensuring that the adjustment accuracy error does not exceed ±2%, and meeting the requirements of refined power grid assessment.

[0064] (4) Emergency control function: Real-time monitoring of the grid operation status. When the grid frequency is detected to be lower than 50Hz (deviation exceeding ±0.2Hz) or the voltage fluctuation exceeds ±10%, the stability control device generates a fast adjustment and switching command according to the preset stability control strategy. The "switching" command is directly executed by the stability control slave output to cut off some non-critical power generation units. The "adjustment" command is sent to the fast control layer to adjust the fast charging and discharging of the energy storage device or the output of the SVG converter to achieve rapid power adjustment and ensure the safe and stable operation of the grid and the station.

[0065] (5) Oscillation control function: The wideband oscillation monitoring and control device monitors the oscillation signals of the station and the power grid in real time. The sampling frequency is 10kHz. The analog data is collected and analyzed by the source control terminal to quickly identify the location and frequency of the oscillation source. When the oscillation frequency is detected to be in the range of 0.1-50Hz, a suppression command is generated and sent to the fast control layer. By adjusting the output of the new energy unit or cutting off the oscillation source (such as an abnormal wind turbine), the oscillation is suppressed and the oscillation is prevented from spreading.

[0066] Monitoring Layer Configuration: The monitoring layer consists of existing emergency monitoring devices, eliminating the need for new dedicated equipment and reusing existing equipment for a streamlined configuration. The emergency monitoring devices connect to both the main station layer and the fast control layer via high-speed Ethernet, employing an improved IEC-61850 protocol to achieve millisecond-level (delay no more than 10ms) aggregation and transmission of information from power generation units and reactive power compensation units. Simultaneously, it rapidly receives control commands from the main station layer and forwards them to the fast control layer, ensuring timely and accurate command transmission and achieving efficient connection between the main station layer and the fast control layer.

[0067] Rapid control layer configuration: The rapid control layer consists of the existing source control terminal, energy storage PMS, SVG control and protection system, and synchronous condenser control and protection system. The components are connected via high-speed Ethernet, reusing the existing source control terminal and reducing the transformation cost.

[0068] The specific functions of the fast control layer are implemented as follows:

[0069] (1) Operating condition acquisition function: The source control terminal collects the operating condition parameters of the wind turbine and photovoltaic array in real time. The sampling frequency is 5kHz, including output power, voltage, current, operating status, etc. It promptly identifies abnormal operating conditions of the equipment (such as wind turbine failure, photovoltaic array shading, etc.) and uploads the operating condition information and abnormal alarms to the monitoring layer. The upload period is 10ms.

[0070] (2) Command execution function: Receive control commands such as power switching, oscillation suppression, frequency and voltage regulation issued by the monitoring layer, and quickly execute or forward the commands to the controlled equipment layer according to the command requirements. The command execution delay does not exceed 20ms. At the same time, the command execution status (such as power adjustment range, equipment start and stop status, etc.) is fed back in real time to form a closed-loop control and ensure that the master station layer can grasp the command execution effect in a timely manner.

[0071] (3) Wideband oscillation analysis function: The source control terminal performs wideband oscillation analysis on the collected equipment operation analog data, and uses the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm to identify oscillation characteristics (such as oscillation frequency, amplitude, etc.). When the oscillation amplitude is detected to exceed the preset threshold, an oscillation alarm message is generated, and the analysis results and alarm message are sent to the monitoring layer to provide support for the oscillation control decision of the master station layer.

[0072] Controlled equipment layer configuration: The controlled equipment layer consists of photovoltaic data acquisition units, wind turbine energy management systems, energy storage PCS, SVG converters, synchronous condensers, capacitors and reactors, etc. Each component is connected to the fast control layer through cables, serving as the final execution end of control commands.

[0073] The specific execution process is as follows: The photovoltaic data acquisition unit receives the power adjustment command issued by the fast control layer and adjusts the output power of the photovoltaic inverter with an adjustment accuracy of ±1%; after receiving the command, the wind turbine energy management system adjusts the pitch angle and speed of the wind turbine to achieve rapid adjustment of the output power; the energy storage PCS adjusts the charging and discharging power of the energy storage device according to the command; the SVG converter, synchronous condenser, and capacitor reactor adjust the reactive power output according to the command to achieve rapid voltage regulation; at the same time, each component feeds back its own operating status (such as output power, voltage, current, fault status, etc.) to the fast control layer in real time.

[0074] In this embodiment, the communication protocol optimization includes:

[0075] Optimize communication links between different levels and functional systems by adopting fiber optic communication to improve communication speed and data transmission stability, and reduce communication latency (communication latency between different levels should not exceed 10ms). This ensures that the power at the plant level, especially the reactive power response speed, meets the grid requirements, achieving millisecond-level information acquisition, command transmission, and response execution. Simultaneously, construct a "cloud-edge collaborative" communication architecture. The edge side (each level of the plant) uploads key data, events, and policy operation results to the cloud management platform, while the cloud distributes scheduling instructions and optimized policies to the edge side, achieving bidirectional data synchronization and collaborative optimization.

[0076] like Figure 2The diagram shown illustrates the functional coordination and control logic of a user-friendly new energy power station according to an embodiment of the present invention. This diagram visually presents the implementation logic of the core control functions of the power station and the interaction relationships between systems: On the one hand, through the functional integration, information interaction, and high-speed communication between the broadband oscillation monitoring system, the stability control system, and the power station's PPC system, multi-system collaborative operation is achieved; on the other hand, through the active / reactive power coordination control of the AGC / AVC function, combined with the efficient cooperation of new energy, energy storage, SVG, synchronous condenser, and other equipment within the station, the implementation of core capabilities such as rapid frequency regulation, rapid voltage regulation, and online system strength identification at the power station level is supported, intuitively demonstrating the design concept of equipment reuse, functional integration, and collaborative optimization in this solution.

[0077] In this embodiment, the control function integration and optimization includes:

[0078] It integrates seven core control functions to achieve comprehensive functional coverage and coordinated operation, as detailed below:

[0079] (1) Station-level fast frequency regulation function: The main station layer monitors the grid frequency in real time. When the frequency fluctuates (such as the frequency is higher than 50.2Hz or lower than 49.8Hz), it quickly generates a frequency regulation command and sends it to the controlled equipment layer through the monitoring layer and the fast control layer to adjust the output power of wind turbines, photovoltaics and energy storage equipment. The frequency regulation response time is no more than 100ms and the frequency regulation accuracy is ±0.01Hz, realizing station-level fast frequency regulation, maintaining grid frequency stability and meeting the primary frequency regulation requirements.

[0080] (2) Station-level rapid voltage regulation function: The main station level monitors the voltage at the grid access point in real time, and generates a voltage regulation command in combination with reactive power demand analysis. By adjusting the output of reactive power compensation equipment such as SVG converter, synchronous condenser, capacitor reactor, etc., the voltage regulation response time does not exceed 30ms and the voltage regulation accuracy is ±0.5kV, realizing rapid voltage regulation at the station level and maintaining the grid voltage stable within the preset range.

[0081] (3) Online System Strength Identification and Adaptive Adjustment Function: The master station layer collects multi-dimensional information such as grid operating parameters (voltage, frequency, impedance, etc.) and station output parameters (active power, reactive power, etc.) to perform online system strength identification, monitor the changes in grid system strength in real time, and automatically adjust the control strategy when the system strength decreases, increase reactive power reserves, reduce active power output fluctuations, achieve adaptive adjustment, and improve the adaptability of the station to changes in grid operating conditions. The specific formula used for online system strength identification is as follows:

[0082] The system strength is identified online using the Real-Time Short-Circuit Ratio (RSCR). The formula for calculating the Real-Time Short-Circuit Ratio is as follows:

[0083]

[0084] In the formula, E th,real For online identification of real-time Thevenin equivalent potential, Z th,real This refers to the real-time Thevenin equivalent impedance identified online. The formula for calculating the critical real-time short-circuit ratio (CRSCR) is as follows:

[0085]

[0086] In the formula, U N Let i be the rated voltage. Let be the equivalent potential at node i. Let P be the self-impedance of node i. max This represents the maximum active power of the node. The system is stable when the RSCR calculated by the master station layer device is greater than the CRSCR; otherwise, the system is unstable.

[0087] System strength is identified online using the Broadband System Strength Index (SSAM). The formula for calculating the Broadband System Strength Index is as follows:

[0088]

[0089] In the formula, Z grid (f) is the system broadband impedance matrix, Z conv (f) represents the small-signal impedance of the converter in the dq domain, σ min As the minimum singular value, the smaller SSAM(f) is, the weaker the system is at frequency band f, and the more prone it is to resonance / small disturbance instability.

[0090] Combining the real-time short-circuit ratio and broadband system strength indicators yields the Full Dimension Online Strength Index (FOSI), used for online system strength identification. The formula for calculating the Full Dimension Online Strength Index is as follows:

[0091]

[0092] In the formula, ω1 and ω2 are weighting coefficients, and ω1 + ω2 = 1. The values ​​of ω1 and ω2 can be adaptively adjusted according to the system characteristics, and f0 is the dominant oscillation frequency identified online by the master station layer device. FOSI Unified Static (RSCR) and Wideband (SSAM) system strength are suitable for real-time monitoring and online identification of the strength of high-proportion renewable energy power grids. The larger the FOSI index value, the higher the system strength.

[0093] When any of the following conditions are met, a weak system strength warning will be triggered, and the reactive power support / shutdown contingency plan will be activated.

[0094]

[0095] (4) Wideband oscillation monitoring and control function: Through the wideband oscillation monitoring and control device of the main station layer and the oscillation analysis function of the fast control layer, the wideband oscillation signal is monitored in real time with a sampling frequency of 10kHz. The oscillation source is quickly identified. When the oscillation frequency is detected to be in the range of 0.1-50Hz, a suppression command is generated and executed. By adjusting the output of new energy sources or cutting off the oscillation source, the wideband oscillation is effectively controlled to prevent the oscillation from spreading and affecting the safety of the power grid.

[0096] (5) Power grid stability control function: In response to emergency situations such as power grid failure and power fluctuation, the main station layer realizes rapid switching of power generation units and reactive power compensation units according to the stability control strategy. The switching response time does not exceed 50ms, ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power grid and the station, avoiding excessive disconnection, and reducing the curtailment of new energy and economic losses.

[0097] (6) Power grid AGC function: Receive AGC instructions from the power grid dispatch center, combine the ultra-short-term power prediction results and the actual operating conditions of the station, optimize the allocation of active power, realize the closed-loop rapid adjustment of active power, the adjustment rate is not less than 10% of the rated power / minute, the adjustment accuracy error does not exceed ±2%, meet the refined assessment requirements of power grid AGC, improve the adjustment rate and accuracy, and avoid assessment risks.

[0098] (7) Power grid AVC function: Receive AVC instructions from the power grid dispatch center, optimize the allocation of reactive power, adjust the output of reactive power compensation equipment, and the reactive power adjustment accuracy is ±1Mvar. It realizes precise control of reactive power and voltage stability, improves the voltage quality of the power grid, and reduces reactive power loss. The reactive power loss reduction rate is not less than 5%.

[0099] Meanwhile, the control strategy is optimized by adopting a redundant control mechanism of "priority fast adjustment + emergency cut-off". Under non-extreme conditions, the control target is achieved by quickly adjusting the output power of the equipment. Only in extreme emergency situations (such as when the grid frequency deviation exceeds ±0.5Hz) is the equipment cut-off operation performed. An active and reactive power coordinated control strategy is constructed to achieve synergistic optimization of the two and improve the safety and stability margin of the station.

[0100] In this embodiment, the architecture optimization and auxiliary function configuration includes:

[0101] Network security optimization: A partitioned isolation design is adopted, dividing the network into the main station layer, monitoring layer, fast control layer, and controlled device layer. The main station layer is the core control area, the monitoring layer is the connection area, the fast control layer is the execution area, and the controlled device layer is the device area. Firewalls and access control lists are set between each area, and different access permissions are set. Only authorized devices can access the corresponding area to prevent external interference and network attacks, improve network security level, and meet the network security level protection requirements of the power system.

[0102] Advanced Function Customization: Reserves interfaces for advanced functions such as intelligent analysis. Based on the needs of this new energy base, it customizes advanced functions such as in-station intelligent diagnosis, fault prediction, and optimized operation suggestions. By analyzing equipment operation data, it can predict equipment faults in advance, generate fault handling suggestions, and improve the intelligence level of the station. It supports rapid deployment and updates of functions, which is convenient for future upgrades and transformations.

[0103] Operation and maintenance solution configuration: Configure an "air-ground integrated" intelligent operation and maintenance solution, integrating technologies such as drone inspection, ground intelligent inspection robots, and remote monitoring. Drones will inspect photovoltaic modules and wind turbines once a day, and ground intelligent inspection robots will inspect the equipment in the station once every 2 hours. The remote monitoring system will monitor the equipment operating status in real time, realizing unmanned or minimally manned operation of the site, reducing operation and maintenance costs, and improving operation and maintenance efficiency and safety; establish an equipment operation and maintenance management system to achieve standardization and process-oriented operation and maintenance work.

[0104] Based on similar inventive concepts, embodiments of the present invention also provide a friendly new energy power station architecture design system for refined control, corresponding to the friendly new energy power station architecture design method for refined control, including: a master station layer, a monitoring layer, a rapid control layer, and a controlled equipment layer;

[0105] The main station layer consists of a stability control device, a broadband oscillation monitoring and control device, and a new energy integrated coordination control device. The three are interconnected to achieve information sharing and collaborative work. The main station layer is connected to the monitoring layer through a high-speed communication link.

[0106] The monitoring layer consists of an emergency monitoring device, which is connected to the main station layer and the fast control layer respectively, and is used to collect, upload and forward instructions using a high-speed communication protocol.

[0107] The fast control layer consists of a source control terminal, an energy storage power management system, a static var generator control and protection system, and a synchronous condenser control and protection system. The fast control layer is connected to the monitoring layer and the controlled equipment layer through high-speed communication links.

[0108] The controlled equipment layer consists of a photovoltaic data acquisition unit, a wind turbine energy management system, an energy storage converter, a static var generator converter, a synchronous condenser, and a capacitor reactor. Each component is connected to the fast control layer to execute control commands and provide feedback on the operating status.

[0109] The master station layer, monitoring layer, rapid control layer, and controlled device layer are connected sequentially from top to bottom to form a closed-loop control system of command issuance, information upload, and closed-loop adjustment.

[0110] The present invention also discloses an electronic device.

[0111] Specifically, the electronic device can be a desktop computer, laptop computer, handheld computer, or cloud server, etc. This computer device may include, but is not limited to, a processor and memory. The processor and memory can be connected via a bus or other means. The processor can be a Central Processing Unit (CPU). The processor can also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or other programmable logic devices, graphics processing units (GPUs), embedded neural network processing units (NPUs) or other dedicated deep learning coprocessors, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, or combinations of the above types of chips.

[0112] Memory, as a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, can be used to store non-transitory software programs, non-transitory computer-executable programs, and modules. The processor executes various functional applications and data processing by running non-transitory software programs, instructions, and modules stored in memory. Memory may include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store the control unit and the application program required for at least one function; the data storage area may store data created by the processor, etc. Furthermore, memory may include high-speed random access memory and non-transitory memory. In some embodiments, memory may optionally include memory remotely located relative to the processor, which can be connected to the processor via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, corporate intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.

[0113] The present invention also discloses a computer-readable storage medium.

[0114] Specifically, the computer-readable storage medium is used to store a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the methods described in the above method implementation.

[0115] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the methods described above can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments described above. The storage medium can be a magnetic disk, optical disk, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), flash memory, hard disk drive (HDD), or solid-state drive (SSD), etc.; the storage medium can also include combinations of the above types of memory.

Claims

1. A user-friendly new energy power station architecture design method for refined regulation, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Construct a four-level hierarchical architecture for new energy power stations. The four-level hierarchical architecture includes, from top to bottom, the master station layer, the monitoring layer, the rapid control layer, and the controlled equipment layer. Each level is connected by a control link according to the command issuance, information upload, and closed-loop adjustment. S2, Deploy an integrated coordination and control device for new energy power stations at the main station layer, and integrate the integrated coordination and control device for new energy power stations into the existing new energy panoramic monitoring system, while reusing the emergency monitoring device and the source control terminal; S3, establish an information interaction link between the master station layer, monitoring layer, fast control layer and controlled device layer through a high-speed communication protocol; S4, the master station layer, monitoring layer, fast control layer and controlled equipment layer work together to complete stable control, broadband oscillation monitoring and suppression, fast AGC / AVC, active and reactive steady-state coordinated control and system strength assessment; S5. Based on the system strength assessment results and wideband oscillation monitoring results, a control strategy is generated according to the priority fast adjustment + emergency cut-off control mechanism and sent to the fast control layer for execution. S6 performs closed-loop feedback and status updates on the control execution results to form a user-friendly new energy power station architecture design scheme.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the four-level hierarchical architecture described in step S1: the master station layer includes a stability control device, a broadband oscillation monitoring and control device, and an integrated coordination control device for new energy power plants; the monitoring layer includes an emergency monitoring device; the rapid control layer includes a source control terminal, an energy storage power management system, a static var generator control and protection system, and a synchronous condenser control and protection system; the controlled equipment layer includes a photovoltaic data acquisition unit, a wind turbine energy management system, an energy storage converter, a static var generator converter, a synchronous condenser, and a capacitor reactor.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The master station layer, monitoring layer, fast control layer, and controlled device layer respectively undertake the following functions: The main station layer is responsible for comprehensive monitoring, data processing, steady-state control, emergency control, and oscillation control functions. The monitoring layer is responsible for information relay and command forwarding between the main station layer and the rapid control layer; The fast control layer is responsible for acquiring operating conditions, executing commands, and performing wideband oscillation analysis. The controlled device layer is responsible for executing control commands and providing operational status feedback.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The high-speed communication protocol mentioned in step S3 includes the industrial Ethernet communication protocol and the substation communication protocol. The master station layer, monitoring layer, fast control layer and controlled equipment layer exchange information through communication links. The master station layer integrates station-level frequency regulation control, station-level voltage regulation control, online identification and adaptive adjustment of system strength, broadband oscillation monitoring and control, power grid stability control, power grid AGC and power grid AVC functions, and constructs a coordinated control model for active power and reactive power.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The rapid control layer adopts a priority adaptive control strategy. By setting the unit adjustment priority, it dynamically tracks the control objects and disturbance factors of different equipment, and allocates control commands according to equipment type, installed capacity and communication link status.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The online system strength identification and adaptive adjustment includes: identifying system strength based on real-time short-circuit ratio RSCR, critical real-time short-circuit ratio CRSCR, broadband system strength index SSAM(f), and full-dimensional online strength index FOSI by collecting power grid operating parameters and substation output parameters, wherein: In the formula, To obtain the real-time Thevenin equivalent potential for online identification, Z th,real The real-time Thevenin equivalent impedance obtained through online identification, This is the conjugate value of the real-time Thevenin equivalent impedance. Let be the rated apparent power of node i; In the formula, Let i be the rated voltage. Let be the equivalent potential at node i. Let P be the self-impedance of node i. max The maximum active power of the node. Let i be the reactive power of node i, where i is the node number; In the formula, For the system's broadband impedance matrix, For the small-signal impedance in the dq domain of the converter, For the smallest singular value, For frequency; In the formula, , These are the weighting coefficients, and ω1 + ω2 = 1. The dominant oscillation frequency is obtained from the online identification of the main station layer device.

7. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The online system strength identification and adaptive adjustment function also includes weak system strength early warning determination, which is determined when any of the following conditions are met: When any of the conditions are met, a weak system strength early warning signal is generated, and the reactive power support plan and / or the tripping plan are invoked.

8. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The main station layer, monitoring layer, fast control layer, and controlled device layer adopt a partitioned isolation design, which is divided into a core control area, a connection area, an execution area, and a device area, respectively. Firewalls and access control lists are set up between each area, and access control is implemented to ensure that only authorized devices can access the corresponding area.

9. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The broadband oscillation monitoring and control includes: acquiring analog data in real time through the broadband oscillation monitoring and control device of the master station layer and the source control terminal of the fast control layer, identifying the location and characteristics of the oscillation source, and generating oscillation suppression commands for execution.

10. A user-friendly new energy power station architecture design system for refined regulation, characterized in that, The method for implementing any one of claims 1 to 9 includes: a master station layer, a monitoring layer, a fast control layer, and a controlled device layer; The main station layer consists of a stability control device, a broadband oscillation monitoring and control device, and a new energy integrated coordination control device. The three are interconnected to achieve information sharing and collaborative work. The main station layer is connected to the monitoring layer through a high-speed communication link. The monitoring layer consists of an emergency monitoring device, which is connected to the main station layer and the fast control layer respectively, and is used to collect, upload and forward instructions using a high-speed communication protocol. The fast control layer consists of a source control terminal, an energy storage power management system, a static var generator control and protection system, and a synchronous condenser control and protection system. The fast control layer is connected to the monitoring layer and the controlled equipment layer through high-speed communication links. The controlled equipment layer consists of a photovoltaic data acquisition unit, a wind turbine energy management system, an energy storage converter, a static var generator converter, a synchronous condenser, and a capacitor reactor. Each component is connected to the fast control layer to execute control commands and provide feedback on the operating status. The master station layer, monitoring layer, rapid control layer, and controlled device layer are connected sequentially from top to bottom to form a closed-loop control system of command issuance, information upload, and closed-loop adjustment.

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